TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 題型綜述2
\l "_Tc148898653" 01 復(fù)合句2
\l "_Tc148898654" 02 分隔結(jié)構(gòu) PAGEREF _Tc148898654 \h 3
\l "_Tc148898655" 03 省略或倒裝4
\l "_Tc148898652" 解題攻略4
\l "_Tc148898653" 01 找謂語，定主語4
\l "_Tc148898654" 02 提主干，去枝葉5
\l "_Tc148898655" 03 尋關(guān)聯(lián)，辨邏輯 PAGEREF _Tc148898655 \h 5
\l "_Tc148898656" 04 看搭配，防隔離6
05 關(guān)鍵詞，抓線索
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考練場 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 10
\l "_Tc148898657" 變式演練 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 19
高考閱讀理解的文章一般會有一些結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子，增加了句子的長度和難度，干擾了學(xué)生正常的閱讀速度和思維方式。
復(fù)合句
這些句子往往較長，一個(gè)從句套著另一個(gè)從句。其實(shí)，不管句子有多長、多復(fù)雜，它只由兩部分構(gòu)成，即主干和修飾成分。主干主要指主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表結(jié)構(gòu)(如：The man is a teacher.)。而修飾成分在句中只起修飾或補(bǔ)充主干的作用，它既可以是單詞，也可以是短語，更常見的則是從句，尤其是定語從句和狀語從句。應(yīng)通過仔細(xì)分析，將每個(gè)修飾成分劃出來，找出句子的主干，這樣整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)就清晰了。
原文：The American ecnmic system is rganized arund a basically private-enterprise, market-riented ecnmy in which cnsumers largely determine what shall be prduced by spending their mney in the market place fr thse gds and services that they want mst。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：
主句：The American ecnmic system is rganized arund...
定語從句：in which cnsumers largely determine what shall be prduced...
賓語從句：what shall be prduced，作determine的賓語
定語從句：that they want mst，修飾“gds and services”
中文翻譯：
美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)是以基本的私有企業(yè)和市場導(dǎo)向經(jīng)濟(jì)為架構(gòu)的，在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)中，消費(fèi)者很大程度上通過在市場上為那些他們最想要的貨品和服務(wù)付費(fèi)來決定什么應(yīng)該被制造出來。
原文：The research findings, which were published in a prestigius scientific jurnal and attracted widespread attentin, suggest that the new drug being develped has great ptential in treating certain diseases, althugh further clinical trials are needed t cnfirm its safety and efficacy, and this is a significant breakthrugh in the medical field.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：復(fù)合句?！皐hich were published in a prestigius scientific jurnal and attracted widespread attentin” 是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，修飾 “The research findings”?！皊uggest that the new drug being develped has great ptential in treating certain diseases” 是句子的謂語和賓語部分，其中 “that the new drug being develped has great ptential in treating certain diseases” 是一個(gè)賓語從句，“being develped” 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “the new drug”?！癮lthugh further clinical trials are needed t cnfirm its safety and efficacy” 是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句?！癮nd this is a significant breakthrugh in the medical field” 是一個(gè)并列句。
中文翻譯：這些研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在一家著名的科學(xué)雜志上并引起了廣泛關(guān)注，它們表明正在研發(fā)的新藥在治療某些疾病方面有很大的潛力，盡管還需要進(jìn)一步的臨床試驗(yàn)來證實(shí)其安全性和有效性，而這在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域是一個(gè)重大突破。
分隔結(jié)構(gòu)
高考試題中出現(xiàn)較多的分隔結(jié)構(gòu)是插入語、用破折號插入的新話題或補(bǔ)充信息。此外，還有一些句子成分(一般是定語)過長而出現(xiàn)后置，也可以看作是插入現(xiàn)象。
原文：The scientist, wh is well - knwn fr his research in the field f physics, a subject that has always fascinated him since his childhd, and whse cntributins have had a prfund impact n mdern science, said that, in his pinin, the experiment, if carried ut accrding t the strict prcedures, wuld surely achieve the expected results.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：“wh is well - knwn fr his research in the field f physics” 和 “whse cntributins have had a prfund impact n mdern science” 是兩個(gè)并列的定語從句，修飾 “The scientist” ；“a subject that has always fascinated him since his childhd” 是插入語，對 “physics” 進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明 ；“said that” 后面是賓語從句，“in his pinin” 是插入語，在賓語從句中 “if carried ut accrding t the strict prcedures” 是省略句，完整形式為 “if the experiment is carried ut accrding t the strict prcedures” 。句子的主干 “The scientist said that...” 被多個(gè)定語從句和插入語分割，成分出現(xiàn)分離現(xiàn)象 。
中文翻譯：這位科學(xué)家，因其在物理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究而聞名，物理學(xué)是一門從他童年起就一直令他著迷的學(xué)科，并且他的貢獻(xiàn)對現(xiàn)代科學(xué)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響，他說，在他看來，如果按照嚴(yán)格的程序進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，肯定會取得預(yù)期的結(jié)果。
原文：The prject, despite the many difficulties we faced during its implementatin, a perid full f challenges and uncertainties, and althugh we lacked sufficient funds at the beginning, has finally achieved great success.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：“despite the many difficulties we faced during its implementatin” 是讓步狀語，“we faced during its implementatin” 是省略了關(guān)系代詞 that 的定語從句，修飾 “difficulties” ；“a perid full f challenges and uncertainties” 是插入語，對 “implementatin” 進(jìn)行解釋 ；“althugh we lacked sufficient funds at the beginning” 是讓步狀語從句 。主句是 “The prject has finally achieved great success”，句子被插入語和多個(gè)狀語成分分割，造成句子成分的分離 ，同時(shí)在定語從句中存在關(guān)系代詞的省略。
中文翻譯：盡管在項(xiàng)目實(shí)施過程中我們面臨許多困難，那是一段充滿挑戰(zhàn)和不確定性的時(shí)期，而且盡管一開始我們資金不足，但這個(gè)項(xiàng)目最終還是取得了巨大成功。
省略或倒裝
在英語句子中，用詞簡潔是一條重要的修辭原則。省略主要是為了避免重復(fù)，突出關(guān)鍵詞并使上下文緊密連接。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子表達(dá)的重心，對句子進(jìn)行倒裝。
原文：Never befre has such a technlgical innvatin had such a prfund impact n sciety as the inventin f the Internet, which has nt nly revlutinized the way we cmmunicate and access infrmatin but als transfrmed varius industries and ecnmic mdels.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個(gè)倒裝句，正常語序?yàn)?“Such a technlgical innvatin has never had such a prfund impact n sciety befre as the inventin f the Internet”。“Never befre” 置于句首引起部分倒裝，將助動(dòng)詞 “has” 提前?！皐hich” 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾 “the inventin f the Internet”，在定語從句中，“nt als...” 連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞 “has revlutinized” 和 “has transfrmed”。
中文翻譯：以前從未有過像互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)明這樣的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新對社會產(chǎn)生如此深遠(yuǎn)的影響，它不僅徹底改變了我們交流和獲取信息的方式，還改變了各個(gè)行業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。
原文：Nt until all the candidates have passed the strict screening prcess and demnstrated their qualificatins and abilities will the cmpany make a final decisin n wh t hire, and this cautius apprach is aimed at ensuring that the new emplyees can meet the high standards and requirements f the cmpany.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：倒裝句和復(fù)合句。“Nt until all the candidates have passed the strict screening prcess and demnstrated their qualificatins and abilities will the cmpany make a final decisin n wh t hire” 是一個(gè)倒裝句，“Nt until” 置于句首引起部分倒裝，將助動(dòng)詞 “will” 提前?！皀 wh t hire” 是一個(gè)介詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “decisin”?！癮nd this cautius apprach is aimed at ensuring that the new emplyees can meet the high standards and requirements f the cmpany” 是一個(gè)并列句，其中 “that the new emplyees can meet the high standards and requirements f the cmpany” 是一個(gè)賓語從句，作 “ensuring” 的賓語。
中文翻譯：直到所有候選人都通過嚴(yán)格的篩選過程并展示出他們的資格和能力，公司才會就雇傭誰做出最終決定，而這種謹(jǐn)慎的做法旨在確保新員工能夠滿足公司的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和要求。

找謂語，定主語
一般情況下，一個(gè)謂語形式的動(dòng)詞對應(yīng)其動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者（主語），我們可以根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞的意義來確定其主語。而且，如果一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語形式的動(dòng)詞，則該句可以是并列句或復(fù)合句（并列謂語動(dòng)詞的情況除外）。如
Declaring that he was ppsed t using this unusual animal husbandry technique t clne humans, he rdered that federal funds nt be used fr such an experiment --- althugh n ne had prpsed t d s and asked an independent panel f experts chaired by Princetn President Harld Shapir t reprt back t the White Huse in 90 days with recmmendatins fr a natinal plicy n human clning.
【簡析】 此句中的謂語形式的動(dòng)詞及其對應(yīng)的主語有： was ppsed --he; rdered--he; (shuld) nt be used ---federal--funds; had prpsed --- n ne; asked--he (asked前面有and, 說明asked與前面某個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞并列，根據(jù)邏輯意義asked應(yīng)與rdered并列)。這一句的主干為 “he rdered... asked ”, “Declaring that...”作狀語。
句意：他宣布自己反對使用這種非同尋常的蓄牧繁殖技術(shù)來克隆人類，并下令不準(zhǔn)聯(lián)邦政府基金用于做此類試驗(yàn)——盡管還沒有人建議這么做——他還請一個(gè)普林斯頓大學(xué)校長Harld Shapir 為首的獨(dú)立專家組在90天內(nèi)向白宮匯報(bào)關(guān)于制定有關(guān)克隆人的國家政策的建議。
提主干，去枝葉（從句等）
一般情況下，一個(gè)句子中的主句所表達(dá)的信息為主要信息，從句所表達(dá)的信息為次要信息。若句子的主干提煉不出來，就不能完全把握句子的核心意義，從而導(dǎo)致思維混亂，主次不分。如：
First put frward by the French mathematician Pierre de Frmat in the 17th century，the therem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French wman scientist wh made a majr advance in wrking ut the prblem，and wh had t dress like a man in rder t be able t study at the Ec-lab Ply technique.
【簡析】本句夾雜分詞短語、動(dòng)名詞及兩個(gè)定語從句。 “First put frward by the French mathematician Pierre de Frmat in the 17th century”為過去分詞短語作狀語;“including...”為介詞短語作狀語;“wh wh had t...”為兩個(gè)并列的定語從句，修飾a French wman scientist。所以句子的主干為the therem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds此為主要信息。
句意：這個(gè)定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國數(shù)學(xué)家Pierre de Frmat提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，其中包括一個(gè)法國女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展。為了能夠在Ec-lab Ply technique理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)她曾女扮男裝。
尋關(guān)聯(lián)，辨邏輯
一些長句其實(shí)是由若干分句組成的并列句或復(fù)合句。而這些并列句或復(fù)合句之間需要一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞來連接。如果我們找準(zhǔn)這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞，就能夠分辨出句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，分別弄清主句的意義和從句的意義，則長句就容易對付得多了。要掌握此方法必須對英語中的常見的關(guān)聯(lián)詞諳熟于心。
Whereas a wman’s clsest female friend might be the first t tell her t leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual t hear a man say he didn’t knw his friend’s marriage was in serius truble until he appeared ne night asking if he culd sleep n the sfa.
【簡析】“whereas”提示前后對比; nt unusual=usual; 直到……才……。
句意：一個(gè)女人最親密的女性朋友最可能是第一個(gè)告訴她離開一次失敗的婚姻的人;而聽見一個(gè)男人說，直到他的朋友一天晚上問他是否可以睡在他家的沙發(fā)上，他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，這是很平常的事。
看搭配，防隔離
有時(shí)一個(gè)長句或難句是由一個(gè)或多個(gè)搭配構(gòu)成，而且這些搭配中常常出現(xiàn)分隔現(xiàn)象。讀者若受分隔現(xiàn)象的干擾而看不清句子的本來面目，則對句意的理解就會發(fā)生偏差。如：
Sme cmpanies have made the manufacturing f clean and safe prducts，t sme degree，their main selling pints and emphasize it in their advertising.
【簡析】其實(shí)本句是一個(gè)“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”句型“make+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”，即“使……成為……”，只不過賓語和賓補(bǔ)被“t sme degree”隔開而已。
句意：一些公司把生產(chǎn)的衛(wèi)生的、安全的產(chǎn)品，從某種程度上說，當(dāng)作他們的賣點(diǎn)，并在廣告中強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞，抓線索
有時(shí)某些句子句意模糊，讀者理不清頭緒，這時(shí)讀者只能依靠關(guān)鍵詞來抓，從而在大體上搞清楚句意。總之，在碰到長句和難句時(shí)，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活運(yùn)用上述方法，在平時(shí)閱讀過程中要加強(qiáng)對長句和難句的句法分析訓(xùn)練。有時(shí)要幾種方法綜合使用才能正確理解句意。如：
We even have different wrds fr sme fd，meat in particular, depending n whether it is still ut in the fields r at hme ready t be cked,which shws the fact that the Saxn peasants were ding the farming, while the upper class Nrmans were ding mst f the eating.
【簡析】本句夾雜多種語法結(jié)構(gòu)，而且包含對比。句子的主干為“We even have different wrds fr sme fds，meat in particular”;“depending n...”為分詞短語作狀語;“whether it is still ut in the fields r at hme ready t be cked”作depending n的賓語;“which”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句指代上述內(nèi)容“the fact”后為其同位語，即同位語從句說明fact的具體內(nèi)容。
句意：我們甚至對某些食物用不同的單詞表達(dá)，特別是肉類，這取決于它是長在田野時(shí)，還是在家里準(zhǔn)備煮著吃，這就表明一個(gè)事實(shí)，即薩克森農(nóng)民在農(nóng)田干活，而上層階級的諾曼人在大口地吃。
閱讀理解答題技巧（以C篇說明文或議論文為例）
高考閱讀理解常見的設(shè)題形式有：詞義猜測題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、作者態(tài)度題和主旨大意題。題型不同，答題技巧也就有差異。下面就不同題型的答題技巧作一點(diǎn)簡分析。
1、詞義猜測題技巧
在高考閱讀題中，考生遇到的最大障礙往往有兩個(gè)：一是被已認(rèn)識的單詞的某一熟知含義所誤導(dǎo)；二是被完全不認(rèn)識的單詞的意思所阻礙，從而出現(xiàn)理解偏差或理解困難，影響閱讀的速度。其實(shí)解決這兩個(gè)困難的一個(gè)重要法寶是考生在心目中樹立起上下文觀念，要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。此類考題目要求考生能根據(jù)上下文確定某一特定的詞或短語的準(zhǔn)確含義。一般提問方式如下：
1) The wrd “ABC” in the passage prbably means ________.
2) The underlined wrd “ABC” in the passage refers t/means _______.
3) Which f the fllwing is clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd in the secnd paragraph？
4) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____．
5) The wrd "it（them）" in the first paragraph refers t ____．
（2025年嘉定一模C篇）The simplicity f the fndant - a single-serving dessert with a mlten cre - belies its cmplexity. Achieving the perfect texture and ensuring the center flws at the exact mment f cutting are the challenges that nly a skilled chef can cnsistently cnquer. There's an element f anticipatin built int the experience: will the warm chclate flw r remain disappintingly slid?
44. What des the wrd “belies” (paragraph 4) mst prbably mean?
A. Reveals.B. Defines.C. Masks.D. Explains.
【答案】 44. C
【44題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Achieving the perfect texture and ensuring the center flws at the exact mment f cutting are the challenges that nly a skilled chef can cnsistently cnquer. (實(shí)現(xiàn)完美的質(zhì)地，并確保中心流動(dòng)在切割的確切時(shí)刻是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，只有一個(gè)熟練的廚師可以不斷克服。)”以及上文“The simplicity f the fndant - a single-serving dessert with a mlten cre (方旦糖的簡單性——是一種單份的甜點(diǎn)，它的核心是熔化的)”可知，方旦糖的簡單性掩蓋了其內(nèi)在的復(fù)雜性。故劃線詞意思是“掩蓋”。故選C。
（2025年虹口一模C篇）But trade-ffs exist. Given peple’s anxiety abut math and level f mathematical ability, there is an upper limit when cmmunicating these kinds f details. In past research, it was fund that peple find numbers helpful, s lng as there aren’t t many f them. N hard-and-fast rule suggests hw many is t many-it depends n the cmplexity f the tpic, peple’s familiarity with the subject and their verall numeracy. Cmmunicatrs therefre need t knw and attend t their audience: if a speaker sees smene lking bred, fr example, it’s a sign t back ff n the numbers.
44. Which f the fllwing best fits the descriptin f “trade-ffs” (paragraph 4)?
A. Numbers cause difficulties in understanding the matter.
B. Peple find the subject being talked abut unfamiliar.
C. It takes time t cnfirm the precisin f all numbers.
D. Peple tend t hld mre debates abut the tpic
【答案】 44. A
【44題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“But trade-ffs exist. Given peple’s anxiety abut math and level f mathematical ability, there is an upper limit when cmmunicating these kinds f details.(但存在trade-ffs?？紤]到人們對數(shù)學(xué)的焦慮和數(shù)學(xué)能力水平，在傳達(dá)這類細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)存在一個(gè)上限)”可知，由于人們的數(shù)學(xué)焦慮和數(shù)學(xué)能力水平，會導(dǎo)致存在理解上的困難或限制。trade-ffs指的就是在使用數(shù)字進(jìn)行傳播時(shí)，由于人們的數(shù)學(xué)焦慮和數(shù)學(xué)能力水平，數(shù)字會在理解問題上造成了困難。故選A項(xiàng)。
（2024金山一模C篇）It’s nt unheard f fr ne event t kick ff a whle new field f scientific inquiry. Still it’s rare. When Lrimer’s paper came ut in the jurnal, it was nt surprising that many were skeptical. “Smetimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discvery turns ut t be an errr in the data,” sme cmmented.
63. Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t the underlined wrd in paragraph 3?
A. Optimistic.B. Curius.C. Supprtive.D. Dubtful.
【答案】63. D
【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Smetimes, what seems like a remarkable scientific discvery turns ut t be an errr in the data(有時(shí)候，看似了不起的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)是數(shù)據(jù)上的錯(cuò)誤)”可知，許多人對洛里默的論文持懷疑態(tài)度，認(rèn)為是數(shù)據(jù)上的錯(cuò)誤。故劃線詞意思是“懷疑的”。故選D。
（2024年普陀區(qū)一模C篇）What is the pint f lking decades int space and struggling t explre the vastness f the universe? The develpment f the space industry has brught humans many benefits, the mst imprtant f which is the spread f infrmatin. The cell phne signal and TV signal peple use nw are all benefiting frm the develpment f the space industry. The ultimate gal f mankind is t g deeper int space, and t explre mre unknwn wrlds, that is, the Mn, Mars and beynd, and what humanity is eager t achieve is a cmmn hme f freedm and equality.
66. What des the underlined phrase in the last paragraph mean?
A. Studying space fr cuntless years.B. Living in space fr many years.
C. Explring space fr sme ten years.D. Observing space fr several ten years.
【答案】 66. A
【66題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“and struggling t explre the vastness f the universe”可知，此處指研究太空很多年，努力探索浩瀚的宇宙，故劃線詞意思是“研究太空很多年”。故選A。
2、細(xì)節(jié)題技巧
細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般采用尋讀法，即先看試題，再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對比，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率，節(jié)省了寶貴的時(shí)間。尋讀法還特別適用于對圖形表格類題材的理解。做此類型的題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。此類考題主要針對文章的細(xì)節(jié)，一般提問方式如下：
Which f the fllwing is NOT true accrding t the infrmatin in the passage?
Which f the fllwing statements is crrect accrding t the passage?
Which f the fllwing is nt mentined?
Chse the right rder f this passage.
Accrding t the passage, when (where, why, hw, wh, etc. ) ...
Frm this passage we knw that ________.
In the passage, the authr states that ______.
（2025年靜安一模C篇）
Abut 150 years after his death, questins appeared abut the authrship f William Shakespeare’s plays. Schlars and literary critics began t flat names like Christpher Marlwe, Edward de Vere and Francis Bacn - men f mre knwn backgrunds, literary recgnitin, r inspiratin - as the true authrs f the plays. Much f this
came frm the incmplete recrd f Shakespeare’s life and the lack f eye-witness surces. Official files frm the Hly Trinity Church and the Stratfrd gvernment recrd the existence f a William Shakespeare, but nne bears the statements like him being an actr r playwright (劇作家).
Tday, his plays are highly ppular and reinterpreted in perfrmances with diverse cultural backgrunds. The appeal f Shakespeare’s characters and plts is that they present real human beings in a wide range f emtins and cnflicts that g beynd their rigins in Elizabethan England.
43. Which f the reasns is NOT mentined t supprt skepticism abut Shakespeare’s authrship?
A. Official recrds didn’t mentin Shakespeare’s identity as a playwright.
B. Shakespeare’s educatin backgrund culdn’t supprt his literary achievements.
C. Shakespeare’s plays were inspired by big-name literary giants.
D. There was a lack f specific details f Shakespeare’s life.
45. The charm f Shakespeare’s plays tday lies in that ________.
A. his plts are full f cnflicts
B. his plays are translated int many languages
C. he succeeded frm a mdest backgrund
D. he pictures peple f real feelings which can exist tday
【答案】43. C 45. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于莎士比亞戲劇作者身份的爭議，懷疑者質(zhì)疑其行蹤、身份記錄和教育背景，但大多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為莎士比亞是其作品的真正作者，并通過歷史證據(jù)支持這一觀點(diǎn)。
【43題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Much f this came frm the incmplete recrd f Shakespeare’s life and the lack f eye-witness surces. Official files frm the Hly Trinity Church and the Stratfrd gvernment recrd the existence f a William Shakespeare, but nne bears the statements like him being an actr r playwright (劇作家). (這在很大程度上是由于對莎士比亞生平的記錄不完整，以及缺乏目擊者。來自圣三一基督教堂和斯特拉特福德政府的官方文件記錄了威廉·莎士比亞的存在，但沒有任何證據(jù)表明他是一名演員或劇作家。)”和第二段“Skeptics (懷疑者) als questined hw anyne f such humble educatin culd write with the intellectual perceptiveness and petic pwer that are displayed in Shakespeare’s wrks. (懷疑論者還質(zhì)疑，一個(gè)受教育程度如此低下的人，怎么能寫出莎士比亞作品中所展現(xiàn)的那種思想的洞察力和詩意的力量。)”可知，對莎士比亞的作者身份持懷疑態(tài)度的理由包括，缺乏關(guān)于他生活的具體細(xì)節(jié)，官方記錄沒有提到他作為劇作家的身份，以及他的教育背景無法支持他的文學(xué)成就，但未提及他的戲劇受到了大名鼎鼎的文學(xué)巨匠的啟發(fā)。故選C項(xiàng)。
【45題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“The appeal f Shakespeare’s characters and plts is that they present real human beings in a wide range f emtins and cnflicts that g beynd their rigins in Elizabethan England. (莎士比亞的人物和情節(jié)的魅力在于，他們呈現(xiàn)了真實(shí)的人類，其廣泛的情感和沖突超越了他們在伊麗莎白時(shí)代的英國的起源。)”可知，其戲劇仍有魅力的原因在于他描繪了真實(shí)情感的人，這種真實(shí)情感可以存在于今天。故選D項(xiàng)。
（2025年普陀區(qū)一模C篇）
Art has always ccupied a special place in sciety. Many peple cnsider artists t be the ultimate authrities n the nature and expressin f beauty. Fr much f histry, the practice f art was mysterius, and artists were viewed as being smewhat dd and ften mad. Even the wrd mst cmmnly assciated with artists —inspiratin —has its wn magical qualities. Literally, "inspiratin"is the breathing in f a spirit. Artists were thught f as peple wh were uniquely inspired t create.
Mre than a hundred years later, Jhn Keats, ne f the mst famus Rmantic pets, accused Newtn f reducing beauty by "unweaving the rainbw. "His clleague, Samuel Taylr Cleridge, famusly remarked that the suls f five hundred Newtns wuld be needed t make ne Shakespeare. And yet, frm anther perspective, Newtn did nt reduce the beauty f the rainbw;he enhanced it. In his search t uncver the secrets f the rainbw, Newtn demnstrated the wnder, creativity, and inspiratin f an artist. He als gave the wrld anther pprtunity t experience the sublime(絕妙). Newtn's discvery paved the way fr the develpment f the science f spectrscpy, a way f analyzing the chemical makeup f light. Nw scientists can lk at the stars and knw their cmpsitin. The sense f wnder this ability creates is nt much different frm the wnder the pet r artist feels when staring at thse same stars.
43. Accrding t the passage, what was the cmmn view f artists in histry?
A. Artists were cnsidered lgical and ratinal.
B. Artists were seen as inspired and smewhat strange.
C. Artists were primarily fcused n scientific discvery.
D. Artists were thught t be withut any supernatural beliefs.
44. Hw did the Rmantic pets react t Newtn's discvery abut light and clr?
A. They believed it added a new dimensin t the appreciatin f beauty.
B. They credited Newtn's insights t mystical influences.
C. They were inspired t integrate mre scientific themes in their petry.
D. They felt it faded the petic beauty f natural phenmena.
【答案】 43. B 44. D
【導(dǎo)讀】
本文探討了藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的關(guān)系。在歷史上，藝術(shù)家常被視為受靈感啟發(fā)且有些古怪的人，藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作被認(rèn)為具有神秘性，與邏輯分離。1704 年牛頓對光和顏色的發(fā)現(xiàn)震驚了藝術(shù)界，浪漫主義詩人認(rèn)為牛頓此舉破壞了自然現(xiàn)象的詩意美。但從另一角度看，牛頓的發(fā)現(xiàn)也展現(xiàn)了如藝術(shù)家般的創(chuàng)造力，且為科學(xué)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)，引發(fā)人們對藝術(shù)與科學(xué)相互作用的思考。
43. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：根據(jù)第一段 “Fr much f histry, the practice f art was mysterius, and artists were viewed as being smewhat dd and ften mad. Even the wrd mst cmmnly assciated with artists — inspiratin — has its wn magical qualities. Artists were thught f as peple wh were uniquely inspired t create.” 可知，在歷史上，藝術(shù)家被視為受靈感啟發(fā)且有些古怪的人，B 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng)，文中提到藝術(shù)與邏輯分離，藝術(shù)家并非被認(rèn)為是有邏輯和理性的；C 選項(xiàng)，藝術(shù)家主要關(guān)注的并非科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)；D 選項(xiàng)，許多藝術(shù)家將自己的才能歸功于超自然力量，并非沒有超自然信仰。所以答案是 B。
44. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：從最后一段 “Mre than a hundred years later, Jhn Keats, ne f the mst famus Rmantic pets, accused Newtn f reducing beauty by "unweaving the rainbw."” 可知，浪漫主義詩人認(rèn)為牛頓的發(fā)現(xiàn)減少了自然現(xiàn)象的詩意美，D 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng)與詩人觀點(diǎn)相悖；B 選項(xiàng)，詩人并未將牛頓的見解歸功于神秘影響；C 選項(xiàng)，文中未提及詩人因此在詩歌中融入更多科學(xué)主題。所以答案是 D。
（2024黃埔一模C篇）①A grup f 41 states and the District f Clumbia began a legal case against Meta, the parent cmpany f Facebk, Instagram, WhatsApp and Messenger, insisting that the cmpany knwingly used features n its platfrms t cause children t veruse them. The accusatins in the lawsuit raise a deeper questin abut behavir: Are yung peple becming addicted t scial media and the internet? Here’s what the research has fund.
63.What was Meta accused f?
A. It added prblematic features t its platfrm.
B. It started a discussin t mislead yung peple.
C. It tempted children t use scial media t much.
D. It cnducted illegal research n its parent cmpany.
【答案】63.C
【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段講到“A grup f 41 states and the District f Clumbia began a legal case against Meta, the parent cmpany f Facebk, Instagram, WhatsApp and Messenger, insisting that the cmpany knwingly used features n its platfrms t cause children t veruse them. (41個(gè)州和哥倫比亞特區(qū)開始對Facebk、Instagram、WhatsApp和Messenger的母公司Meta提起訴訟，堅(jiān)稱該公司故意使用其平臺上的功能，導(dǎo)致兒童過度使用這些功能。)”可知，Meta被指控使用平臺上的功能引起兒童過度使用它們，因此選擇C。
3、推斷題技巧
推理是在既有信息的基礎(chǔ)上得出合乎文章內(nèi)容的內(nèi)涵意義，即某一問題、某一觀點(diǎn)沒有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行間，要求通過文中信息分析推出某種符合作者思想、符合文章邏輯的內(nèi)涵意義。推斷則是指通過對文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷題推斷得正確與否，很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語氣及觀點(diǎn)。此類考題一般針對短文內(nèi)容和考生應(yīng)有的常識，文章中雖然沒有明確的答案，但考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上可以進(jìn)行推理和判斷其答案。一般提問方式如下：
1) The authr implied（suggested）that．．．
2) We can infer frm the text that _______.
3) It can be inferred frm the text that ______.
4) It may be cncluded frm the passage that．．．
5) Which f the fllwing statements des the passage supprt？
6) The paragraph fllwing the passage will mst prbably be ___.
（2025年楊浦一模C篇）
Neurdiversity is a term that refers t the natural range f differences in peple’s brains. The neurdiversity mvement says that the brains that wander frm the average within that range shuldn’t be dismissed as insufficient autmatically. The term dates back t the autism (自閉癥) cmmunity in the 1990s, thugh it’s nw applied t all srts f mental differences. In the past, “autism was widely seen as an individual medical tragedy,” says Rbert Chapman, a neurdivergent (腦功能異于常人的) philspher with autism, “The nly hpe fr autistic peple and ur families, it was thught, was that we wuld ne day be fixed thrugh behaviral r bimedical interventin.”
Crucially, the neurdiversity mvement allws neurdivergent peple t transfrm their thinking abut themselves. “The dminant medicalized narrative suggested that being autistic made me smehw tragic, brken, and in need f fixing” Chapman writes in his 2023 bk. “This was why I fund discvering neurdiversity mvement, which ffered a different analysis, s liberating.”
45. What can be inferred abut Rbert Chapman?
A. He believes being autistic is a life-lng tragedy.
B. He has been fixed thrugh bi-medical interventin.
C. He is bthered by the negative narrative surrunding autism.
D. He thinks autistic peple can be liberated frm the mvement.
46. The main purpse f the article is t ______.
A. intrduce the effective treatment methds fr autism
B. explain the histry and significance f the neurdiversity mvement
C. argue fr the necessity f prmting the neurdiversity mvement
D. criticize the wrng fcus f research in understanding autism
【答案】 45. C 46. B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了神經(jīng)多樣性這一概念及其對于自閉癥等神經(jīng)差異群體的意義和影響。
【45題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Crucially, the neurdiversity mvement allws neurdivergent peple t transfrm their thinking abut themselves. “The dminant medicalized narrative suggested that being autistic made me smehw tragic, brken, and in need f fixing” Chapman writes in his 2023 bk. “This was why I fund discvering neurdiversity mvement, which ffered a different analysis, s liberating.”(至關(guān)重要的是，神經(jīng)多樣性運(yùn)動(dòng)允許神經(jīng)發(fā)散的人改變他們對自己的看法。Chapman在他2023年出版的書中寫道：“主流的醫(yī)學(xué)敘事認(rèn)為，自閉癥讓我在某種程度上變得悲慘、破碎，需要修復(fù)?！薄斑@就是我發(fā)現(xiàn)神經(jīng)多樣性運(yùn)動(dòng)如此令人解放的原因，它提供了一種不同的分析視角。”)”可推知，Rbert Chapman被自閉癥周圍的負(fù)面敘述所困擾。故選C項(xiàng)。
【46題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Neurdiversity is a term that refers t the natural range f differences in peple’s brains. The neurdiversity mvement says that the brains that wander frm the average within that range shuldn’t be dismissed as insufficient autmatically.(神經(jīng)多樣性是一個(gè)術(shù)語，指的是人類大腦的自然差異范圍。神經(jīng)多樣性運(yùn)動(dòng)表示，在這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)偏離平均水平的大腦不應(yīng)該被自動(dòng)視為不充分)”可知，這句話引出神經(jīng)多樣性這一話題，接下來文章圍繞神經(jīng)多樣性運(yùn)動(dòng)展開，解釋了其歷史、意義和影響。由此推知，文章的主要目的是解釋神經(jīng)多樣性運(yùn)動(dòng)的歷史和意義。故選B項(xiàng)。
（2025年金山一模C篇）
Despite all these, since lads f influencers have cheered their slimming successes n these drugs, it seems everybdy wants t try them. The heavy demand has led t shrtages. Thrughut 2023, peple with type 2 diabetes struggled t access Ozempic. Peridic shrtages are expected t cntinue in 2024, while thse wh can access these drugs face a significant financial cst. The cst is much t high t the vast majrity f Americans-a mnthly supply will set ne back mre than $1000.
Jennifer Blackburn has lst 16 kilgrams (and kept it ff). “I feel happier, mre cnfident.” says Black burn, “It’s abut much mre than size-it’s like the weight is lifted ff my shulders.” With such supprtive vices, the future f Ozempic remains unpredictable s far.
45. What can we infer frm Jennifer Blackburn’s wrds?
A. Besides lsing weight, she has als taken ff a huge mental burden.
B. She strngly recmmends Ozempic t thers due t her wn experiences.
C. Althugh supprting Ozempic herself, she is nt sure f this medicine’s future.
D. She is amng the celebrities wh have successfully lst weight by taking Ozempic.
46. This passage is written t ______.
A. explain Ozempic’s functins, ptential dwnsides and current supply situatins
B. suggest hw serius and cmmn the issue f besity is and hw t deal with it
C. persuade peple withut diabetes nt t further purchase the expensive Ozempic
D. illustrate Ozempic’s effectiveness with examples f celebrities and cmmn users
【答案】 45. A 46. C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一種治療糖尿病的藥物Ozempic因?yàn)榭梢宰屓藴p肥，導(dǎo)致需求激增，人們無視其副作用進(jìn)行購買，導(dǎo)致真正的病人無力承擔(dān)這種藥物。
【45題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Jennifer Blackburn has lst 16 kilgrams (and kept it ff). “I feel happier, mre cnfident.” says Black burn, “It’s abut much mre than size-it’s like the weight is lifted ff my shulders.”(Jennifer Blackburn已經(jīng)減掉了16公斤（并一直保持著）?！拔腋械礁鞓罚孕?。” Blackburn說：“這不僅僅是體型的問題——它就像卸下了我肩上的重?fù)?dān)。”)”可知，除了減肥，Jennifer Blackburn還減輕了巨大的精神負(fù)擔(dān)。故選A。
【46題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The heavy demand has led t shrtages. Thrughut 2023, peple with type 2 diabetes struggled t access Ozempic. Peridic shrtages are expected t cntinue in 2024, while thse wh can access these drugs face a significant financial cst. The cst is much t high t the vast majrity f Americans-a mnthly supply will set ne back mre than $1000.(巨大的需求導(dǎo)致了短缺。整個(gè)2023年，2型糖尿病患者很難獲得Ozempic。預(yù)計(jì)周期性短缺將在2024年繼續(xù)，而能夠獲得這些藥物的人將面臨巨大的財(cái)務(wù)成本。對絕大多數(shù)美國人來說，成本太高了——一個(gè)月的供應(yīng)要花費(fèi)1000多美元)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了一種治療糖尿病的藥物Ozempic因?yàn)榭梢宰屓藴p肥，導(dǎo)致需求激增，人們無視其副作用進(jìn)行購買，導(dǎo)致真正的病人無力承擔(dān)這種藥物?？芍@篇文章是為了說服沒有糖尿病的人不要再購買昂貴的Ozempic。故選C。
（2024閔行一模C篇）Undeniably, peple may succeed in faking their way thrugh the prcess. And there may be mre rm fr interviewers’ prejudice t emerge. Finding smene annying may be a signal that smene lacks scial skills. But it may als mean that they are nervus r that interviewers are bad-tempered. Recruitment is set t change and is unlikely t becme less challenging.
66. What can be implied frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Integrating sft skills assessment int a hiring prcess wn’t intrduce side effects.
B. Emplyees in lwer psitins may prvide useless insights int applicants’ sft skills.
C. Interviewers’ prejudice may influence their fair assessments and perceptins f candidates.
D. There is n pssibility f individuals successfully deceiving thers during the interview.
【答案】66. C
【解析】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Undeniably, peple may succeed in faking their way thrugh the prcess. And there may be mre rm fr interviewers’ prejudice t emerge. Finding smene annying may be a signal that smene lacks scial skills. But it may als mean that they are nervus r that interviewers are bad-tempered. Recruitment is set t change and is unlikely t becme less challenging. (不可否認(rèn)的是，人們可能會通過欺騙的方式成功地通過這個(gè)過程。而且面試官的偏見可能會有更大的空間出現(xiàn)。發(fā)現(xiàn)某人令人討厭可能是一個(gè)缺乏社交技巧的信號。但這也可能意味著他們很緊張，或者面試官脾氣不好。招聘勢必會發(fā)生變化，而且不太可能變得不那么具有挑戰(zhàn)性。)”可知，面試官的偏見可能會影響他們對候選人的公正評價(jià)和看法。故選C。
4、作者態(tài)度題技巧
這一類考題大都要求考生就作者對論述對象持什么樣的態(tài)度做出推斷，如作者對所陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對，還是猶豫不定，對記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠，還是厭惡。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出來，而往往隱含在字里行間。因此，進(jìn)行這種推斷時(shí)，我們既要依靠短文的主題思想作為推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辭，尤其是形容詞一類的修飾語。此類題目的主要提問方式是一般提問方式如下：
What's the writer's/authr's attitude t/twards ... ?
The authr’s tne wuld be best described as _______ .
The attitude f ... t/twards ... is .
（2024奉賢一模C篇）Deep cean samples revealed significant climate change arund 66.3 millin years ag. But this als cincides with a large vlcanic eruptin in India called the Deccan vlcanism, which prduced sme f the lngest lava (熔巖) flws n Earth. “We’ve always wed that transitin t the carbn dixide released by the Deccan vlcanism and the increase f greenhuse gases,” says Jhnsn. “There are tw things happening: The magnetic field is changing, the Deccan vlcanism is happening, and there’s climate warming. S that wuld be an example f cincidental climate change.”
66. Which f the fllwing statements des Kirk Jhnsn mst prbably agree with?
A. A magnetic reversal desn’t necessarily cause climate change.
B. A magnetic reversal is accmpanied with significant climate change
C. The extinctin f the dinsaurs is due t the magnetic reversal.
D. Climate change is nt relevant t the carbn dixide emissin.
【答案】66. A
【解析】情感態(tài)度推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘We’ve always wed that transitin t the carbn dixide released by the Deccan vlcanism and the increase f greenhuse gases,’says Jhnsn. ‘There are tw things happening: The magnetic field is changing, the Deccan vlcanism is happening, and there’s climate warming. S that wuld be an example f cincidental climate change.’(‘我們一直把這種轉(zhuǎn)變歸功于德干火山活動(dòng)釋放的二氧化碳和溫室氣體的增加，’約翰遜說?！袃杉抡诎l(fā)生：磁場正在變化，德干火山活動(dòng)正在發(fā)生，氣候正在變暖。所以這將是巧合氣候變化的一個(gè)例子?！?”可知，柯克·約翰遜認(rèn)為磁場正在變化、德干火山活動(dòng)正在發(fā)生與氣候正在變暖只是巧合；由此可知，他最可能同意的觀點(diǎn)是磁倒轉(zhuǎn)并不一定會導(dǎo)致氣候變化。故選A。
附：閱讀理解中表示作者態(tài)度的高頻詞匯
5、主旨大意題技巧
這種題型要求考生能夠把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心；要求能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大，屬于高層次題。一般主旨大意題可以分為兩類：1．確定文章的標(biāo)題和主題(title r tpic)；2.主題句（tpic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括。
常見的標(biāo)題型題干：
1) The best title/ headline fr this passage might be________.
2) The text (passage) culd be entitled ______.
3) What is the best title fr the passage?
4) What’s the tpic f the article?
常見的主題句和主旨型題干：
1) What is the tpic sentence f the passage?
2) This article/text/passage mainly tells that _____________.
3) What is the main purpse f the passage?
4) Which f the fllwing is the main idea f the passage?
（2025年長寧一模C篇）
Unemplyment is a significant prblem in many develping cuntries. Withut steady wrk, individuals struggle t rise ut f pverty, and the cmmunity as a whle als misses ut. Many unemplyed peple culd have dne much gd thrugh their labur if they had been given the pprtunity t cntribute. Wrse, withut pprtunities fr prper emplyment, yung peple smetimes turn t crime and vilence in rder t prvide fr themselves. Thus, giving peple pprtunities t wrk is essential fr the cmmunity’s well-being.
43. What is paragraph 1 mainly abut?
A. The rle f the gvernment in creating jb pprtunities.
B. The imprtance f educatin fr reducing unemplyment rates.
C. The necessity f prviding wrk pprtunities t prevent crime.
D. The cnsequences f unemplyment n individuals and cmmunities.
【答案】43. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了在許多發(fā)展中國家，失業(yè)是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題，并通過盧旺達(dá)的一個(gè)創(chuàng)業(yè)案例說明支持年輕人創(chuàng)業(yè)是幫助減少失業(yè)、解決社區(qū)問題的有效途徑。
【43題詳解】
主旨大意題 。根據(jù)文章第一段“Unemplyment is a significant prblem in many develping cuntries. Withut steady wrk, individuals struggle t rise ut f pverty, and the cmmunity as a whle als misses ut.(失業(yè)是許多發(fā)展中國家的一個(gè)重要問題。沒有穩(wěn)定的工作，個(gè)人難以擺脫貧困，整個(gè)社區(qū)也無法受益)”和“Wrse, withut pprtunities fr prper emplyment, yung peple smetimes turn t crime and vilence in rder t prvide fr themselves.(更糟糕的是，沒有適當(dāng)就業(yè)的機(jī)會，年輕人有時(shí)會為了養(yǎng)活自己而訴諸犯罪和暴力。)”可知，本段主要討論失業(yè)對個(gè)人和社區(qū)的影響。故選D。
（2025年徐匯一模C篇）
Mst taxi drivers need a smartphne t get t their destinatins. But sharks, it seems, need nthing mre than their wn bdies — and Earth’s magnetic (磁的) field. A new study suggests sme sharks can read Earth’s field like a map and use it t travel lng distances with accuracy.
Keller’s research adds a significant piece t the still-incmplete puzzle f shark bilgy. Sharks have been declining at an alarming rate due t mstly verfishing and habitat change. Studying the life cycles and migratin patterns f sharks can help us understand what arcas t prtect when managing marine spaces.
46. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Sharks use Earth’s magnetic field t find their way n seas.
B. Researchers discvered a new way t study sharks in labs.
C. Shark ppulatins are declining due t habitat change.
D. Sharks have a learned behavir f returning t their hme.
【答案】46. A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鯊魚可以利用地球的磁場導(dǎo)航，這為我們增加了對鯊魚生物學(xué)的理解。
【46題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“A new study suggests sme sharks can read Earth’s field like a map and use it t travel lng distances with accuracy.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，一些鯊魚可以像地圖一樣讀懂地球的磁場，并準(zhǔn)確地用它來長距離旅行)”以及后文中對研究過程和發(fā)現(xiàn)的詳細(xì)描述可知，文章主要講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鯊魚利用地球磁場在海洋中尋路。故選A。
（2025年寶山一模C篇）
Wrld Hunger Day is abut celebrating slutins that keep peple frm suffering r dying due t lack f fd. Read abut sme causes and als sme f the effrts being made t stp this wrldwide prblem.
S what can yu d t help rt ut wrld hunger? Aside frm striving t reduce yur fd waste, keep educating yurself and thers abut the issue. Lk fr pprtunities t feed the hungry in yur wn cmmunities. There are sme fantastic rganizatins such as SALT Cllectiv, wh regularly rganize and crdinate events t help rphans and feed the hungry. Each step, each chice, each vice can help make hunger a thing f the past.
46.Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
The Cause f Starvatin
The March tward Zer Hunger
The Slutin t Starvatin
The Cnsequence f Hunger
【答案】 46. B
【導(dǎo)讀】
本文圍繞世界饑餓問題展開，首先指出在全球糧食產(chǎn)量理論上足夠的情況下，仍有大量人口面臨饑餓的矛盾現(xiàn)狀，接著分析了導(dǎo)致饑餓的原因，如武裝沖突、極端天氣和食物浪費(fèi)等。同時(shí)介紹了世界饑餓日及其所倡導(dǎo)的解決饑餓問題的措施，像非洲實(shí)施可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)方法、聯(lián)合國世界糧食計(jì)劃署提供援助等，最后呼吁人們行動(dòng)起來，共同對抗饑餓。
46. 主旨大意題：文章圍繞消除饑餓這一主題，既提到了饑餓問題及原因，也介紹了為實(shí)現(xiàn) “零饑餓” 目標(biāo)所做的努力和人們應(yīng)采取的行動(dòng)，“The March tward Zer Hunger”（邁向零饑餓）能很好地概括文章內(nèi)容，B 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng) “饑餓的原因” 和 C 選項(xiàng) “饑餓的解決辦法” 都只是文章部分內(nèi)容；D 選項(xiàng) “饑餓的后果” 文中未提及。所以答案是 B。
（2024年松江區(qū)一模C篇）Antibitics, which can destry r prevent the grwth f bacteria and cure infectins, are vital t mdern medicine. Their ability t kill bacteria withut harming the patient has saved billins f lives and made surgical prcedures much safer. But after decades f veruse, their pwers are fading. Sme bacteria have evlved resistance, creating a grwing army f superbugs, against which there is little effective treatment. Antimicrbial (抗菌的) resistance, expected t kill 10 millin peple a year by 2050 up frm arund 1 millin in 2019, has been seen as a crisis by many.
66. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Gvernments fail t stp the use f antibitics.
B. Phages culd help prevent an antibitics crisis.
C. Develpment f antibitics is limited by phages.
D. Antimicrbial resistance calls fr new antibitics.
【答案】66. B
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Antibitics, which can destry r prevent the grwth f bacteria and cure infectins, are vital t mdern medicine. Their ability t kill bacteria withut harming the patient has saved billins f lives and made surgical prcedures much safer. But after decades f veruse, their pwers are fading. Sme bacteria have evlved resistance, creating been seen as a crisis by many.(抗生素對現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)至關(guān)重要，它可以消滅或阻止細(xì)菌的生長，并治愈感染。它們在不傷害病人的情況下殺死細(xì)菌的能力挽救了數(shù)十億人的生命，并使外科手術(shù)更加安全。但經(jīng)過幾十年的過度使用，它們的力量正在減弱。一些細(xì)菌已經(jīng)進(jìn)化出了耐藥性，產(chǎn)生了越來越多的超級細(xì)菌，而目前幾乎沒有有效的治療方法。抗微生物藥物耐藥性被許多人視為一場危機(jī)。預(yù)計(jì)到2050年，每年將導(dǎo)致1000萬人死亡，而2019年約為100萬人)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要解釋了噬菌體可以替代問題多多的抗生素，有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，建議政府多方面采取措施推動(dòng)推廣，所以本文的主旨是噬菌體可以幫助預(yù)防抗生素危機(jī)。故選B。
（一）
（2025年浦東新區(qū)一模）
In scilgy, cnsumptin is abut s much mre than just taking in r using up resurces. Humans cnsume t survive, f curse, but in tday’s wrld, we als cnsume t entertain and amuse urselves, and as a way t share time and experiences with thers. We cnsume nt nly material gds but als services, experiences, infrmatin, and cultural prducts. Cnsumptin tday is a central rganizing principle f scial life.
Scilgists recgnize that many aspects f ur daily lives are structured by cnsumptin. In fact, Plish scilgist Zygmunt Bauman wrte in the bk Cnsuming Life that Western scieties are n lnger rganized arund the act f prductin, but instead, arund cnsumptin. This transitin began in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, after which mst prductin jbs were mved verseas, and ur ecnmy shifted t retail and the prvisin f services and infrmatin.
As a cnsequence, mst f us spend ur days cnsuming rather than prducing gds. On any given day, ne might travel t wrk by car; wrk in an ffice that requires electricity, gas, il, water, paper, and a hst f cnsumer electrnics and digital gds; purchase a tea, cffee, r sda; g ut t a restaurant; pick up dry cleaning; purchase health and hygiene prducts at a drug stre; use purchased grceries t prepare dinner, and then spend the evening watching televisin, enjying scial media, r reading a bk. Wh can break free frm it?
Cnsumptin has taken n great imprtance in the relatinships we develp with thers. We ften rganize visits with thers arund the act f cnsuming, whether that be sitting dwn t eat a hme-cked meal as a family, r meeting friends fr a shpping excursin at the mall. In additin, we ften use cnsumer gds t express ur feelings fr thers thrugh the practice f gift-giving.
Scilgists als see cnsumptin as an imprtant part f the prcess f frming and expressing bth individual and grup identities. In Subculture: The Meaning f Style, scilgist Dick Hebdige bserved that identity is ften expressed thrugh fashin chices. This happens because we chse cnsumer gds that we feel say smething abut wh we are. Our cnsumer chices are ften meant t reflect ur values and lifestyle, and in ding s, send visual signals t thers abut the kind f persn we are.
S, frm the scilgical perspective, there’s much mre t cnsumptin than meets the eye. In fact, there’s s much t study abut cnsumptin that there’s a whle subfield dedicated t it: the scilgy f cnsumptin.
43.What was the change in the United States in the mid-twentieth century?
A. A shift t lcal prductin.B. A grwth f verseas cnsumptin.
C. A fcus n retail and services.D. A decline in the value f cnsumptin.
44.The authr presents a persn’s daily life in paragraph 3 in rder t _____________.
A. encurage peple t spend mre time wrking than cnsuming
B. shw the variety f cnsumer prducts available n the market
C. suggest that prducing gds is n lnger part f mdern life
D. highlight the cnstant presence f cnsumptin in peple’s life
45.What can be inferred abut cnsumptin in paragraph 4 and 5?
A. It discurages gift-giving.B. It cnveys individuality.
C. It defines culture.D. It sets the fashin trends.
46.What is the main idea f the passage?
A. The divided pinins n cnsumptin.
B. The effects f cnsumerism n peple’s life.
C. The philsphy f cnsumptin in scial life.
D. The balance between cnsumptin and prductin.
【答案】43. C 44. D 45. B 46. C
【導(dǎo)讀】這篇文章從社會學(xué)的角度闡述了消費(fèi)的概念，介紹了消費(fèi)在社會生活中的轉(zhuǎn)變、在日常生活中的普遍存在、在人際關(guān)系中的重要性以及對個(gè)人和群體身份形成和表達(dá)的重要性，強(qiáng)調(diào)了消費(fèi)在社會生活中的多方面意義。
【解析】
【43 題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句 “This transitin began in the United States in the mid - twentieth century, after which mst prductin jbs were mved verseas, and ur ecnmy shifted t retail and the prvisin f services and infrmatin.” 可知，20 世紀(jì)中葉美國發(fā)生的變化是經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)向零售和服務(wù)及信息提供，故選 C。
【44 題詳解】
推理判斷題。第三段作者列舉了一個(gè)人一天的生活，包括開車上班、在辦公室使用各種消費(fèi)品、購買飲品、去餐館、取干洗的衣服、購買衛(wèi)生用品、用購買的食品做晚餐、看電視等各種消費(fèi)行為，目的是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)消費(fèi)在人們生活中無處不在，故選 D。
【45 題詳解】
推理判斷題：根據(jù)第四段 “we ften use cnsumer gds t express ur feelings fr thers” 以及第五段 “identity is ften expressed thrugh fashin chices. Our cnsumer chices are ften meant t reflect ur values and lifestyle” 可知，消費(fèi)能夠傳達(dá)個(gè)性，B 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng)與原文 “we ften use cnsumer gds t express ur feelings fr thers thrugh the practice f gift - giving” 不符，消費(fèi)并不阻礙送禮；C 選項(xiàng)文中未提及消費(fèi)定義文化；D 選項(xiàng)消費(fèi)選擇反映時(shí)尚，但不是設(shè)定時(shí)尚潮流。所以答案是 B。
46. 主旨大意題：文章開篇點(diǎn)明從社會學(xué)角度消費(fèi)不僅是使用資源，接著闡述消費(fèi)在社會生活中的核心地位，如經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)圍繞消費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)變、在人際交往和身份表達(dá)中的作用等，整體圍繞社會生活中消費(fèi)的理念展開，C 選項(xiàng) “社會生活中消費(fèi)的哲學(xué)” 正確。A 選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及對消費(fèi)的不同意見；B 選項(xiàng)消費(fèi)主義對人們生活的影響只是部分內(nèi)容；D 選項(xiàng)文章并非重點(diǎn)討論消費(fèi)與生產(chǎn)的平衡。所以答案是 C。
【重點(diǎn)詞塊】
scilgy 社會學(xué)
cnsumptin 消費(fèi)
rganizing principle 組織原則
scial life 社會生活
prductin 生產(chǎn)
retail 零售
prvisin 提供
cnsumer electrnics 消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品
health and hygiene prducts 健康和衛(wèi)生產(chǎn)品
gift - giving 送禮
individual identity 個(gè)人身份
grup identity 群體身份
subfield 子領(lǐng)域
【復(fù)雜句式】
1.“In scilgy, cnsumptin is abut s much mre than just taking in r using up resurces. Humans cnsume t survive, f curse, but in tday’s wrld, we als cnsume t entertain and amuse urselves, and as a way t share time and experiences with thers.”
分析：第一句中 “mre than just” 表示 “不僅僅是”，“taking in r using up resurces” 是動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語。第二句是由 “but” 連接的并列句，前半句 “Humans cnsume t survive”，“t survive” 是目的狀語；后半句 “we als cnsume t entertain and amuse urselves, and as a way t share time and experiences with thers”，“t entertain and amuse urselves” 和 “as a way t share time and experiences with thers” 都是目的狀語，說明消費(fèi)的不同目的。
翻譯：在社會學(xué)中，消費(fèi)遠(yuǎn)不止是獲取或消耗資源。當(dāng)然，人類為了生存而消費(fèi)，但在當(dāng)今世界，我們也為了娛樂自己以及作為與他人分享時(shí)間和經(jīng)歷的一種方式而消費(fèi)。
2. “In fact, Plish scilgist Zygmunt Bauman wrte in the bk Cnsuming Life that Western scieties are n lnger rganized arund the act f prductin, but instead, arund cnsumptin.”
分析：句子主干是 “Plish scilgist Zygmunt Bauman ”，“in the bk Cnsuming Life” 是地點(diǎn)狀語，表明寫作的出處；“that Western scieties are n lnger rganized arund the act f prductin, but instead, arund cnsumptin” 是賓語從句，作 “wrte” 的賓語，其中 “n instead...” 表示 “不再…… 而是……”，連接兩個(gè)圍繞的對象。
翻譯：事實(shí)上，波蘭社會學(xué)家齊格蒙特?鮑曼在《消費(fèi)生活》一書中寫道，西方社會不再圍繞生產(chǎn)行為組織，而是圍繞消費(fèi)組織。
3. “As a cnsequence, mst f us spend ur days cnsuming rather than prducing gds. On any given day, ne might travel t wrk by car; wrk in an ffice that requires electricity, gas, il, water, paper, and a hst f cnsumer electrnics and digital gds; purchase a tea, cffee, r sda; g ut t a restaurant; pick up dry cleaning; purchase health and hygiene prducts at a drug stre; use purchased grceries t prepare dinner, and then spend the evening watching televisin, enjying scial media, r reading a bk.”
分析：第一句中 “spend...(in) ding sth. rather than ding sth.” 是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，“cnsuming rather than prducing gds” 作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表明人們花費(fèi)時(shí)間的方式。第二句是由多個(gè)并列謂語組成的長句，“travel t wrk by car”“wrk in an ffice...”“purchase a tea...” 等一系列動(dòng)作描述了一個(gè)人一天的消費(fèi)行為，其中 “that requires electricity, gas, il, water, paper, and a hst f cnsumer electrnics and digital gds” 是定語從句，修飾 “ffice”。
翻譯：因此，我們大多數(shù)人每天都在消費(fèi)而不是生產(chǎn)商品。在任何一天，一個(gè)人可能會開車去上班；在一個(gè)需要電、氣、油、水、紙以及大量消費(fèi)電子產(chǎn)品和數(shù)字商品的辦公室工作；購買茶、咖啡或蘇打水；出去吃頓飯；取干洗的衣服；在藥店購買健康和衛(wèi)生產(chǎn)品；用購買的食品雜貨準(zhǔn)備晚餐，然后晚上看電視、享受社交媒體或讀書。
4. “In additin, we ften use cnsumer gds t express ur feelings fr thers thrugh the practice f gift - giving. Scilgists als see cnsumptin as an imprtant part f the prcess f frming and expressing bth individual and grup identities.”
分析：第一句中 “t express ur feelings fr thers” 是目的狀語，表明使用消費(fèi)品的目的，“thrugh the practice f gift - giving” 是方式狀語，說明表達(dá)感情的方式。第二句 “” 是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，“as an imprtant part f the prcess f frming and expressing bth individual and grup identities” 作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表明社會學(xué)家對消費(fèi)的看法。
翻譯：此外，我們經(jīng)常通過送禮的方式使用消費(fèi)品來表達(dá)我們對他人的感情。社會學(xué)家也將消費(fèi)視為形成和表達(dá)個(gè)人及群體身份過程的重要組成部分。
（二）
（2025年閔行一模）
The cnversatinal tne f an AI chatbt r vice-based assistant is a gd way t learn new cncepts, but it may actually make us mre willing t believe inaccuracies, cmpared with infrmatin presented in a static（靜態(tài)的） article.
T investigate this issue, Snja Utz frm Germany asked 1,200 participants t engage with ne f three frmats. The first invlved text appearing letter by letter in the style f a large mdel, similar t ChatGPT; the secnd prvided infrmatin thrugh a vice-based device; and the third was a static, text-based cpy f cntent.
Participants culdn't interact with the systems as they might with the real versins, in rder t keep the experience cnsistent acrss the study. In sme cases, participants were given accurate infrmatin, while in thers, they saw factual errrs. Sme f these errrs were plain wrng, such as naming Sfia as the capital f France, but thers invlved certain statements that were cntradicted elsewhere in the same respnse.
Participants were asked t rate the accuracy f the infrmatin n a seven-pint scale, where7 is entirely accurate. In the answers where errrs were intrduced, the infrmatin presented in a static frmat was rated as 4.24 n average. The ChatGPT-like system managed 4.76, while the vice assistant scred 5.29. Participants rated all f the systems higher fr answers where n errrs were intrduced, but the differences were smaller fr the vice assistant and chatbt.
“Peple find cnversatinal chat agents mre cnvincing because humans seem t be hardwired t assign credibility t things that seem lifelike,” says Mike Katell frm UK. “The way the chatbts and vice agents are prgrammed t use a friendly and helpful cnversatinal tne als cnfuses peple. Chatbt makers are trying t put users at ease, which is achieved thrugh believable cntent and inffensive delivery.”
Peple have learned that these mdels generate false infrmatin smetimes. “But peple dn't realize that this interactin mde makes us tend t believe whatever is written there.” Utz says. “That shuld be in media literacy training.”
43. What was the main fcus f Snja Utz's study?
A. Features f AI chatbts r vice-based assistants.
B. Peple's preference fr infrmatin surces.
C. Why static articles differ frm cnversatinal cntent.
D. Hw text frmats influence infrmatin trustwrthiness.
44. In paragraph 3, text errrs in the study can be summarized as________
A. inevitable and cnflictingB. minr and cmmn
C. bvius and internally incnsistentD. repetitive and randmly selected
45. Accrding t Mike Katell, which f the fllwing is NOT a reasn why peple find cnversatinal chat agents mre cnvincing?
A. Peple's inbrn trust in lifelike things.
B. Inffensive delivery f persnalized cntent.
C. The chatbt's use f a gentle cnversatinal tne.
D. The makers' intentin t make users feel relaxed.
46. Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Utz suggests peple imprve media awareness and cmpetence.
B. Peple's preference fr lifelike things may be verstated.
C. Hw infrmatin is presented desn't affect hw much we believe it.
D. The research results are uncertain due t the lack f man-system interactin.
【答案】43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A
【導(dǎo)讀】本文主要探討了人工智能聊天機(jī)器人或語音助手的對話式語氣與靜態(tài)文章呈現(xiàn)信息方式對人們相信信息準(zhǔn)確性的影響。Snja Utz 通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究不同文本格式如何影響信息可信度，結(jié)果表明人們更傾向于相信對話式呈現(xiàn)的信息，即使其中存在錯(cuò)誤。文章還分析了原因，并指出應(yīng)在媒體素養(yǎng)培訓(xùn)中關(guān)注這一現(xiàn)象。
【解析】
【43 題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段 “The cnversatinal tne f an AI chatbt r vice - based assistant is a gd way t learn new cncepts, but it may actually make us mre willing t believe inaccuracies, cmpared with infrmatin presented in a static（靜態(tài)的） article.” 以及第二段 “T investigate this issue, Snja Utz frm Germany asked 1,200 participants t engage with ne f three frmats.” 可知，Snja Utz 的研究主要關(guān)注文本格式如何影響人們對信息可信度的判斷，即文本格式如何影響信息的可信賴度，答案選 D。
【44 題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段 “Sme f these errrs were plain wrng, such as naming Sfia as the capital f France, but thers invlved certain statements that were cntradicted elsewhere in the same respnse.” 可知，研究中的文本錯(cuò)誤有些是明顯錯(cuò)誤的，比如將索非亞說成法國首都，還有些是在同一回復(fù)中內(nèi)部存在矛盾的，所以可以總結(jié)為明顯且內(nèi)部不一致，答案選 C。
【45 題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段 “Peple find cnversatinal chat agents mre cnvincing because humans seem t be hardwired t assign credibility t things that seem lifelike,”“The way the chatbts and vice agents are prgrammed t use a friendly and helpful cnversatinal tne als cnfuses peple. Chatbt makers are trying t put users at ease, which is achieved thrugh believable cntent and inffensive delivery.” 可知，人們天生信任栩栩如生的事物、聊天機(jī)器人使用溫和的對話語氣、制造商讓用戶放松的意圖，這些都是人們覺得對話式聊天代理更有說服力的原因，而文中未提及個(gè)性化內(nèi)容的無冒犯性傳遞，答案選 B。
【46 題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段 “‘But peple dn't realize that this interactin mde makes us tend t believe whatever is written there.’ Utz says. ‘That shuld be in media literacy training.’” 可知，Utz 認(rèn)為這種互動(dòng)模式使人們傾向于相信看到的內(nèi)容這一現(xiàn)象應(yīng)納入媒體素養(yǎng)培訓(xùn)，也就意味著 Utz 建議人們提高媒體意識和能力，答案選 A。
【重點(diǎn)詞塊】
cnversatinal tne 對話式語氣
vice - based assistant 基于語音的助手
static article 靜態(tài)文章
engage with 接觸；參與
factual errr 事實(shí)性錯(cuò)誤
seven - pint scale 七分制量表
hardwired 天生的；固有的
believable cntent 可信的內(nèi)容
inffensive delivery 無冒犯性的表達(dá)
media literacy training 媒體素養(yǎng)培訓(xùn)
【復(fù)雜句式】
1. “The cnversatinal tne f an AI chatbt r vice - based assistant is a gd way t learn new cncepts, but it may actually make us mre willing t believe inaccuracies, cmpared with infrmatin presented in a static article.”
分析：這是一個(gè)由 “but” 連接的并列句。前半句 “The cnversatinal tne f an AI chatbt r vice - based assistant is a gd way t learn new cncepts”，“f an AI chatbt r vice - based assistant” 作后置定語修飾 “The cnversatinal tne”，“t learn new cncepts” 是動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語修飾 “a gd way”。后半句 “it may actually make us mre willing t believe inaccuracies, cmpared with infrmatin presented in a static article”，“cmpared with infrmatin presented in a static article” 是過去分詞短語作狀語，表比較，“presented in a static article” 是過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾 “infrmatin”。
翻譯：人工智能聊天機(jī)器人或基于語音的助手的對話式語氣是學(xué)習(xí)新概念的好方法，但與靜態(tài)文章中呈現(xiàn)的信息相比，它實(shí)際上可能會讓我們更愿意相信不準(zhǔn)確的信息。
2. “T investigate this issue, Snja Utz frm Germany asked 1,200 participants t engage with ne f three frmats.”
分析：“T investigate this issue” 是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，表明 Snja Utz 進(jìn)行后續(xù)行為的目的。句子主干是 “Snja Utz frm Germany asked 1,200 participants t engage with ne f three frmats”，“frm Germany” 作后置定語修飾 “Snja Utz”，“ask sb. t d sth.” 是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，“t engage with ne f three frmats” 是賓語補(bǔ)足語。
翻譯：為了研究這個(gè)問題，來自德國的索尼婭?烏茨讓 1200 名參與者接觸三種格式中的一種。
3. “Participants culdn't interact with the systems as they might with the real versins, in rder t keep the experience cnsistent acrss the study.”
分析：“as they might with the real versins” 是方式狀語從句，表明參與者與系統(tǒng)互動(dòng)的方式和與真實(shí)版本互動(dòng)方式的對比?！癷n rder t keep the experience cnsistent acrss the study” 是目的狀語，說明參與者不能像與真實(shí)版本那樣互動(dòng)的目的。
翻譯：參與者不能像他們可能與真實(shí)版本那樣與系統(tǒng)互動(dòng)，以便在整個(gè)研究過程中保持體驗(yàn)的一致性。
4.“Chatbt makers are trying t put users at ease, which is achieved thrugh believable cntent and inffensive delivery.”
分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，“Chatbt makers are trying t put users at ease” 是主句，“which is achieved thrugh believable cntent and inffensive delivery” 是非限制性定語從句，修飾整個(gè)主句，說明聊天機(jī)器人制造商試圖讓用戶放松是通過可信的內(nèi)容和無冒犯性的表達(dá)來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
翻譯：聊天機(jī)器人制造商試圖讓用戶放松，這是通過可信的內(nèi)容和無冒犯性的表達(dá)來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
（三）
（2025年普陀區(qū)一模）
Art has always ccupied a special place in sciety. Many peple cnsider artists t be the ultimate authrities n the nature and expressin f beauty. Fr much f histry, the practice f art was mysterius, and artists were viewed as being smewhat dd and ften mad. Even the wrd mst cmmnly assciated with artists —inspiratin —has its wn magical qualities. Literally, "inspiratin"is the breathing in f a spirit. Artists were thught f as peple wh were uniquely inspired t create.
Of curse, artists cntributed t this mythlgy(神話). Many artists credited their talents t the presence f sme supernatural pwer. "Whle mvements f art have centered n the suppsedly therwrldly nature f art. Fr example, the Rmantic pets believed that art was a term thatmeant an ultimate expressin f beauty and truth. The search fr this ideal led them t explre bth natural and supernatural themes in their wrks.
Anther persistent view f art regarded its divrce frm lgic. Reasn and lgic were the prvince f scientists and philsphers, whereas creativity and insight were the area f the artists. The tw separate aspects f the mind were suppsed t remain distinct.
But in 1704, a majr breakthrugh ccurred. Sir Isaac Newtn, mathematician and physicist, published his study f light, Opticks. One f Newtn's majr discveries was n the nature f clr. Using a prism(棱鏡), Newtn fund that white light is actually cmpsed f all the clrs f the rainbw. He even prvided a scientific explanatin fr the presence f rainbws. The artistic cmmunity was shcked. A scientist had taken a beautiful and magical experience and reduced it t the simple refractin f beams f light thrugh the prism f a raindrp. A scientist had ventured int their sacred territry.
Mre than a hundred years later, Jhn Keats, ne f the mst famus Rmantic pets, accused Newtn f reducing beauty by "unweaving the rainbw. "His clleague, Samuel Taylr Cleridge, famusly remarked that the suls f five hundred Newtns wuld be needed t make ne Shakespeare. And yet, frm anther perspective, Newtn did nt reduce the beauty f the rainbw;he enhanced it. In his search t uncver the secrets f the rainbw, Newtn demnstrated the wnder, creativity, and inspiratin f an artist. He als gave the wrld anther pprtunity t experience the sublime(絕妙). Newtn's discvery paved the way fr the develpment f the science f spectrscpy, a way f analyzing the chemical makeup f light. Nw scientists can lk at the stars and knw their cmpsitin. The sense f wnder this ability creates is nt much different frm the wnder the pet r artist feels when staring at thse same stars.
43. Accrding t the passage, what was the cmmn view f artists in histry?
A. Artists were cnsidered lgical and ratinal.
B. Artists were seen as inspired and smewhat strange.
C. Artists were primarily fcused n scientific discvery.
D. Artists were thught t be withut any supernatural beliefs.
44. Hw did the Rmantic pets react t Newtn's discvery abut light and clr?
A. They believed it added a new dimensin t the appreciatin f beauty.
B. They credited Newtn's insights t mystical influences.
C. They were inspired t integrate mre scientific themes in their petry.
D. They felt it faded the petic beauty f natural phenmena.
45. Why des the authr mentin Jhn Keats'and Samuel Taylr Cleridge's views n Isaac Newtn?
A. T emphasize the superir creativity f pets ver scientists.
B. T highlight the impact f scientific discveries n artistic perceptin.
C. T state that Shakespeare's knwledge f beauty was unmatched.
D. T shw that Rmantic pets bjected t scientific prgress.
46. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A. The Artistic Interpretatin f Science B. The Cntrast between Art and Lgics
C. The Interplay f Art and Science D. Isaac Newtn's Influence n Arts
【答案】 43. B 44. D 45. B 46. C
【導(dǎo)讀】
本文探討了藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的關(guān)系。在歷史上，藝術(shù)家常被視為受靈感啟發(fā)且有些古怪的人，藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作被認(rèn)為具有神秘性，與邏輯分離。1704 年牛頓對光和顏色的發(fā)現(xiàn)震驚了藝術(shù)界，浪漫主義詩人認(rèn)為牛頓此舉破壞了自然現(xiàn)象的詩意美。但從另一角度看，牛頓的發(fā)現(xiàn)也展現(xiàn)了如藝術(shù)家般的創(chuàng)造力，且為科學(xué)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)，引發(fā)人們對藝術(shù)與科學(xué)相互作用的思考。
【解析】
43. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：根據(jù)第一段 “Fr much f histry, the practice f art was mysterius, and artists were viewed as being smewhat dd and ften mad. Even the wrd mst cmmnly assciated with artists — inspiratin — has its wn magical qualities. Artists were thught f as peple wh were uniquely inspired t create.” 可知，在歷史上，藝術(shù)家被視為受靈感啟發(fā)且有些古怪的人，B 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng)，文中提到藝術(shù)與邏輯分離，藝術(shù)家并非被認(rèn)為是有邏輯和理性的；C 選項(xiàng)，藝術(shù)家主要關(guān)注的并非科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)；D 選項(xiàng)，許多藝術(shù)家將自己的才能歸功于超自然力量，并非沒有超自然信仰。所以答案是 B。
44. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：從最后一段 “Mre than a hundred years later, Jhn Keats, ne f the mst famus Rmantic pets, accused Newtn f reducing beauty by "unweaving the rainbw."” 可知，浪漫主義詩人認(rèn)為牛頓的發(fā)現(xiàn)減少了自然現(xiàn)象的詩意美，D 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng)與詩人觀點(diǎn)相悖；B 選項(xiàng)，詩人并未將牛頓的見解歸功于神秘影響；C 選項(xiàng)，文中未提及詩人因此在詩歌中融入更多科學(xué)主題。所以答案是 D。
45. 推理判斷題：作者提及約翰?濟(jì)慈和塞繆爾?泰勒?柯勒律治對牛頓的看法，是為了突出科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)對藝術(shù)認(rèn)知的影響，B 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng)，并非強(qiáng)調(diào)詩人創(chuàng)造力優(yōu)于科學(xué)家；C 選項(xiàng)，提及莎士比亞不是重點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)是體現(xiàn)科學(xué)對藝術(shù)認(rèn)知的影響；D 選項(xiàng)，詩人并非反對科學(xué)進(jìn)步，而是認(rèn)為牛頓的發(fā)現(xiàn)影響了藝術(shù)對美的認(rèn)知。所以答案是 B。
46. 主旨大意題：文章圍繞藝術(shù)與科學(xué)展開，闡述了兩者在歷史認(rèn)知中的不同以及牛頓的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)對藝術(shù)認(rèn)知的影響，體現(xiàn)了藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的相互作用，C 選項(xiàng) “藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的相互作用” 為最佳標(biāo)題。A 選項(xiàng) “科學(xué)的藝術(shù)解讀” 片面；B 選項(xiàng) “藝術(shù)與邏輯的對比” 只是其中一部分內(nèi)容；D 選項(xiàng) “艾薩克?牛頓對藝術(shù)的影響” 也過于片面。所以答案是 C。
【重點(diǎn)詞快】
ultimate：adj. 最終的；根本的；最好的，最典型的
authrity：n. 權(quán)威；權(quán)力；當(dāng)局
inspiratin：n. 靈感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
mythlgy：n. 神話；神話學(xué)；虛構(gòu)的故事
supernatural：adj. 超自然的；神奇的；不可思議的
divrce：n. /v. 離婚；分離，脫離
prvince：n. 領(lǐng)域；省份；職權(quán)
prism：n. 棱鏡；棱柱體
refractin：n. 折射
venture：v. 冒險(xiǎn)；敢于；冒昧地說 n. 冒險(xiǎn)；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目
sacred：adj. 神圣的；宗教的；莊嚴(yán)的
enhance：v. 提高；增強(qiáng)；增進(jìn)
sublime：adj. 絕妙的；宏偉的；令人贊嘆的
spectrscpy：n. 光譜學(xué)；波譜學(xué)
【復(fù)雜句式】
1.“Literally, "inspiratin" is the breathing in f a spirit. Artists were thught f as peple wh were uniquely inspired t create.”
分析：第一個(gè)句子是簡單句，闡述 “inspiratin” 字面含義。第二個(gè)句子中 “wh were uniquely inspired t create” 是定語從句，修飾先行詞 “peple”，說明被認(rèn)為是藝術(shù)家的這類人的特點(diǎn)。
翻譯：從字面上看，“靈感” 就是一種精神的吸入。藝術(shù)家被認(rèn)為是那些受到獨(dú)特啟發(fā)去創(chuàng)作的人。
2. “Whle mvements f art have centered n the suppsedly therwrldly nature f art. Fr example, the Rmantic pets believed that art was a term that meant an ultimate expressin f beauty and truth.”
分析：第一個(gè)句子為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，“centered n” 為謂語短語。第二個(gè)句子中 “that art was a term that meant an ultimate expressin f beauty and truth” 為賓語從句，作 “believed” 的賓語，其中 “that meant an ultimate expressin f beauty and truth” 又是定語從句，修飾 “term”。
翻譯：整個(gè)藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)都圍繞著藝術(shù)所謂的超凡脫俗的本質(zhì)。例如，浪漫主義詩人認(rèn)為藝術(shù)是一個(gè)意味著美與真的終極表達(dá)的術(shù)語。
3. “Using a prism (棱鏡), Newtn fund that white light is actually cmpsed f all the clrs f the rainbw. He even prvided a scientific explanatin fr the presence f rainbws.”
分析：第一個(gè)句子中 “Using a prism” 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語，“that white light is actually cmpsed f all the clrs f the rainbw” 為賓語從句，作 “fund” 的賓語。第二個(gè)句子是簡單句。
翻譯：牛頓使用棱鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)，白光實(shí)際上是由彩虹的所有顏色組成的。他甚至為彩虹的出現(xiàn)提供了科學(xué)解釋。
4.“Mre than a hundred years later, Jhn Keats, ne f the mst famus Rmantic pets, accused Newtn f reducing beauty by "unweaving the rainbw."”
分析：“Mre than a hundred years later” 為時(shí)間狀語，“ne f the mst famus Rmantic pets” 為插入語，對 “Jhn Keats” 進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，“accused Newtn f reducing beauty by "unweaving the rainbw"” 為句子的主干部分，其中 “by "unweaving the rainbw"” 為方式狀語。
翻譯：一百多年后，最著名的浪漫主義詩人之一約翰?濟(jì)慈指責(zé)牛頓通過 “解開彩虹” 來減少美。
5. “In his search t uncver the secrets f the rainbw, Newtn demnstrated the wnder, creativity, and inspiratin f an artist. He als gave the wrld anther pprtunity t experience the sublime (絕妙).”
分析：第一個(gè)句子中 “In his search t uncver the secrets f the rainbw” 為介詞短語作狀語，表明牛頓在做某事的過程中，句子主干為 “Newtn demnstrated the wnder, creativity, and inspiratin f an artist”。第二個(gè)句子是簡單句。
翻譯：在探索彩虹秘密的過程中，牛頓展現(xiàn)了藝術(shù)家的驚奇感、創(chuàng)造力和靈感。他也給了世界另一個(gè)體驗(yàn)絕妙之處的機(jī)會。
（四）
（2025年青浦一模）
Human dctrs perfrm amputatins, surgical remvals f an arm, leg, r finger, after a serius injury. But new research shws that sme ants perfrm amputatins n injured ants t help them survive an injury. The behavir was dcumented in Flrida carpenter ants.
Tw carpenter ants are seen in a labratry at the University f Lausanne. Scientists said they either cleaned the wund using their muthparts r amputated the limb, r leg, by biting it ff. The chice f care depended n the injury’s lcatin. When it was further up the leg, they always amputated. When it was further dwn, they never amputated.
Erik Frank f the University f Würzburg in Germany is the lead writer f the research. Frank said the study describes “fr the first time hw a nn-human animal uses amputatins n anther individual t save their life.” He believes “that the ants’ ‘medical system’ t care fr the injured is the mst cmplicated in the animal kingdm,” and cmpares well t human medicine.
“Injuries further dwn the leg have an increased flw f hemlymph (血淋巴),” Frank said. S harmful bacteria can enter the bdy after nly five minutes. An amputatin wuld nt help infectin after that time. He cntinued, “Injuries further up the leg have a much slwer hemlymph flw, giving enugh time fr timely and effective amputatins.”
The study fund that after an upper leg injury, an ant that experiences amputatin has a survival rate f 90 t 95 percent. Fr lwer leg injuries in which just cleaning was perfrmed, the survival rate was abut 75 percent, cmpared t abut 15 percent fr injuries that received n care.
Ants can functin well withut ne f their six legs. And nly female ants perfrm the treatment f wunds by cleaning r amputatin. “All wrker ants are female. Males play nly a minr rle in ant cmmunity,” Frank said.
S why d ants d these amputatins? Frank said, “There is a very simple evlutinary reasn fr caring fr the injured. It saves resurces.” He nted that if an ant culd be saved with little effrt t remain prductive, “there is a very high value f ding s.” “At the same time, if an individual is t heavily injured, the ants will nt care fr her, but rather leave her behind t die,” Frank added.
43. The type f treatments applied t injured ants depends n ______.
A. hw the medical system f the ants is develped
B. whether the ant still remains prductive and valuable
C. which kind f ants perfrms the treatments f wunds
D. whether the ant suffers frm an upper leg injury r a lwer ne
44. What can we infer frm the survival rates mentined in the text?
A. The lcatin f the injury and the crrespnding treatment greatly affect the ant’s survival.
B. Cleaning the wund is mre effective than amputatin fr all leg injuries.
C. Injured ants with n care have a similar survival rate t thse with treatment in sme cases.
D. Amputatin is always the best way t ensure the survival f injured ants.
45. It can be cncluded frm Frank’s study that ______.
A. male ants prvide medical care fr the ant cmmunity
B. slightly-injured ants will receive n care t save resurces
C. the heavily injured ants will eventually die fr lack f medical care
D. the cleaning f an upper leg injury greatly increases the ants’ survival rate
46. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Hw ants perfrm amputatins.B. Hw injured ants are dealt with.
C. Hw ants evlve and reprduce.D. Hw amputatins affect ants.
【答案】 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. B
【導(dǎo)讀】
本文介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于佛羅里達(dá)木蟻的新研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，木蟻會對受傷的同伴進(jìn)行傷口處理，處理方式包括清潔傷口或截肢，具體選擇取決于傷口位置。若傷口在腿部較高位置，它們會截肢；若在較低位置，則只清潔傷口。研究還表明，經(jīng)過適當(dāng)處理的受傷螞蟻存活率更高，且只有雌性工蟻承擔(dān)照顧受傷螞蟻的工作，這一行為背后存在進(jìn)化原因，即節(jié)省資源。
【解析】
43. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：根據(jù)第二段 “The chice f care depended n the injury’s lcatin. When it was further up the leg, they always amputated. When it was further dwn, they never amputated.” 可知，對受傷螞蟻采用的治療方式取決于傷口是在腿部較高位置還是較低位置，所以答案是 D。
44. 推理判斷題：從第五段 “after an upper leg injury, an ant that experiences amputatin has a survival rate f 90 t 95 percent. Fr lwer leg injuries in which just cleaning was perfrmed, the survival rate was abut 75 percent, cmpared t abut 15 percent fr injuries that received n care.” 可知，傷口位置和相應(yīng)的治療方式對螞蟻的存活率影響很大，A 選項(xiàng)正確。B 選項(xiàng)，對于腿部較高位置的傷口，截肢的存活率更高，并非清潔傷口更有效；C 選項(xiàng)，有治療和無治療的受傷螞蟻存活率差異很大，并非相似；D 選項(xiàng)，對于腿部較低位置的傷口，清潔傷口而非截肢更合適，所以截肢并非總是確保受傷螞蟻存活的最佳方式。所以答案是 A。
45. 推理判斷題：根據(jù)最后一段 “if an individual is t heavily injured, the ants will nt care fr her, but rather leave her behind t die” 可知，重傷的螞蟻會因缺乏照料最終死亡，C 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng)，文中提到只有雌性工蟻承擔(dān)照顧受傷螞蟻的工作，雄性螞蟻在蟻群中作用較??；B 選項(xiàng)，輕微受傷的螞蟻會得到照料以節(jié)省資源；D 選項(xiàng)，文中提到對于腿部較高位置的傷口，截肢能大幅提高存活率，而非清潔傷口。所以答案是 C。
46. 主旨大意題：文章主要講述了螞蟻如何處理受傷的同伴，包括根據(jù)傷口位置選擇清潔傷口或截肢等處理方式，B 選項(xiàng) “受傷的螞蟻是如何被處理的” 符合主旨。A 選項(xiàng) “螞蟻如何進(jìn)行截肢” 只是其中一部分內(nèi)容；C 選項(xiàng) “螞蟻如何進(jìn)化和繁殖” 文中未提及；D 選項(xiàng) “截肢如何影響螞蟻” 并非文章重點(diǎn)。所以答案是 B。
【重點(diǎn)詞塊】
surgical remval 手術(shù)切除
labratry 實(shí)驗(yàn)室
muthparts 口器
lead writer 主要作者
evlutinary reasn 進(jìn)化原因
remain prductive 保持生產(chǎn)力
【復(fù)雜句式】
1. “Frank said the study describes ‘fr the first time hw a nn - human animal uses amputatins n anther individual t save their life.’”
分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，“Frank said” 是主句，后面省略了引導(dǎo)詞 “that”，“the study save their life” 是賓語從句，在這個(gè)賓語從句中，“hw a nn - human animal uses amputatins n anther individual t save their life” 是 “describes” 的賓語，作賓語從句中的賓語成分，其中 “t save their life” 是目的狀語。
翻譯：弗蘭克說，這項(xiàng)研究 “首次描述了一種非人類動(dòng)物如何通過對另一個(gè)個(gè)體進(jìn)行截肢來挽救其生命”。
2. “Injuries further dwn the leg have an increased flw f hemlymph (血淋巴), s harmful bacteria can enter the bdy after nly five minutes.”
分析：這是一個(gè)由 “s” 連接的并列句，前一句 “Injuries further dwn the leg have an increased flw f hemlymph” 是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，“further dwn the leg” 作后置定語修飾 “Injuries”；后一句 “harmful bacteria can enter the bdy after nly five minutes” 是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，“after nly five minutes” 是時(shí)間狀語。
翻譯：腿部較低位置的傷口血淋巴流量會增加，所以有害細(xì)菌只需五分鐘就能進(jìn)入體內(nèi)。
3. “At the same time, if an individual is t heavily injured, the ants will nt care fr her, but rather leave her behind t die.”
分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，“if an individual is t heavily injured” 是條件狀語從句，“the ants will nt care fr her, but rather leave her behind t die” 是主句，其中 “but rather” 連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語 “will nt care fr” 和 “l(fā)eave”。
翻譯：與此同時(shí)，如果一只螞蟻受傷過重，其他螞蟻不會照顧它，而是會把它丟在一邊任其死亡。
（五）
（2025年崇明一模）
A recent grundbreaking study by the Ptsdam Institute fr Climate Impact Research (PIK) frecasts massive financial damages due t climate change, prjecting annual damages f abut $38 trillin ($38 millin millin) by the year 2050. This figure highlights the severe ecnmic challenges that lie ahead n a glbal scale, with the greatest impacts expected t burden the cuntries least respnsible fr greenhuse emissins (排放).
The ecnmic damage, estimated between $19 trillin t $59 trillin by mid-century, primarily stems frm increased temperatures and their subsequent impact n agriculture, labr prductivity, and infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施). The study als ntes ptential increases in csts due t mre frequent and severe weather events, which are expected t becme mre cmmn as glbal temperatures rise.
The findings reveal a discncerting disparity: natins within the trpical (熱帶的) regins, which have cntributed least t histrical carbn emissins, are predicted t suffer incme lsses 60% greater than thse in higher-incme, higher-emissin cuntries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-develped natins pssess fewer resurces t adapt t increasing climate impacts.
Anders Levermann, head f cmplexity science at PIK and c-authr f the study, emphasized the inequity and urgency f the situatin. “Cuntries in the trpics will suffer the mst because they are already warmer. Further temperature increases will therefre be mst harmful there,” he explained. Levermann argues fr a rapid structural shift twards renewable energy t ease these impacts and stabilize glbal temperatures.
When placed alngside ther majr climate impact frecasts, the PIK study stands ut fr its cmprehensive data analysis and harsh prjectins. Previus studies have similarly highlighted the ecnmic damages f climate change but lacked the extensive reginal and specific insights this study prvides.
The study strngly advcates fr great and immediate reductins in greenhuse gas emissins t avid the wrst f these ecnmic damages. It suggests that slwing climate change is nt nly a mral and envirnmental must but als ecnmically advantageus, as the cst f inactin is far greater than the expenses assciated with reducing glbal warming t manageable levels.
The sciecnmic cnsequences f such extensive ecnmic lsses culd lead t heightened glbal inequality and ptentially, scial unrest. This prjectin stresses the imprtance f internatinal cperatin in climate actin plans and the develpment f fair plicies that recgnize and make up fr the inequities faced by the less develped natins mst affected by climate change.
43. Climate change will cause massive ecnmic damage wrldwide by 2050 mainly because _____.
A. the average wrld temperature will increase much faster than expected
B. rising temperatures will damage farming, infrastructure and prductivity
C. big cuntries will experience ecnmic crises due t mre severe weather events
D. trpical regins are unprepared t adapt t the damages caused by climate change
44. By “a discncerting disparity” in paragraph 4, the authr means _____.
A. pr cuntries least respnsible fr emissin will suffer mst in ecnmy
B. it is prjected that peple in trpical cuntries will earn 60% less by 2050
C. higher-incme cuntries are reluctant t invest in slwing glbal warming
D. higher-emissin cuntries are trying t justify their rle in climate impacts
45. The PIK study aruses the public attentin due t _____.
A. its rigid climate impact frecasts B. its verall statistics and the severity f its findings
C. its different apprach t analyzing data D. its similar reginal insights n ecnmic damages
46. What des the PIK study imply?
A. Fair plicies shuld be established t avid further rising f temperatures.
B. Reducing gas emissins will benefit the envirnment but harm the ecnmy.
C. Inequality shuld be reduced thrugh cperatin in fighting climate change.
D. Wealthy cuntries shuld bear the whle cst f cping with glbal warming.
【答案】 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. C
【導(dǎo)讀】
本文主要介紹了波茨坦氣候影響研究所（PIK）的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于氣候變化對經(jīng)濟(jì)影響的研究。該研究預(yù)測到 2050 年，氣候變化將造成約 38 萬億美元的年度損失，主要源于氣溫上升對農(nóng)業(yè)、勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的影響，以及極端天氣事件增多帶來的成本增加。研究還指出，熱帶地區(qū)國家雖對碳排放貢獻(xiàn)小，但將遭受比高收入、高排放國家更嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，凸顯了氣候正義問題。PIK 研究因其全面數(shù)據(jù)分析和嚴(yán)峻預(yù)測而受關(guān)注，它倡導(dǎo)立即大幅減少溫室氣體排放，強(qiáng)調(diào)國際合作制定公平政策以應(yīng)對氣候變化帶來的不平等。
【解析】
43. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：根據(jù)第二段 “The ecnmic stems frm increased temperatures and their subsequent impact n agriculture, labr prductivity, and infrastructure” 可知，到 2050 年氣候變化將在全球范圍內(nèi)造成巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，主要是因?yàn)闅鉁厣仙龝p害農(nóng)業(yè)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和生產(chǎn)力，B 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng)文中未提及平均世界溫度上升速度比預(yù)期快；C 選項(xiàng)不是因?yàn)榇髧驑O端天氣事件經(jīng)歷經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，而是全球范圍的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失；D 選項(xiàng)熱帶地區(qū)國家因氣候變化遭受損失是結(jié)果，不是造成全球經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的主要原因。所以答案是 B。
44. 詞義猜測題：根據(jù)第三段 “natins within the trpical regins, which have cntributed least t histrical carbn emissins, are predicted t suffer incme lsses 60% greater than thse in higher - incme, higher - emissin cuntries” 可知，“a discncerting disparity” 指的是對排放責(zé)任最小的貧窮國家在經(jīng)濟(jì)上遭受的損失最大，A 選項(xiàng)正確。B 選項(xiàng)理解錯(cuò)誤，不是熱帶國家人們收入減少 60%，而是遭受的收入損失比高收入、高排放國家大 60%；C 選項(xiàng)和 D 選項(xiàng)文中未提及相關(guān)內(nèi)容。所以答案是 A。
45. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：根據(jù)第五段 “When placed alngside ther majr climate impact frecasts, the PIK study stands ut fr its cmprehensive data analysis and harsh prjectins” 可知，PIK 研究因其全面的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和嚴(yán)峻的研究結(jié)果而引起公眾關(guān)注，B 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng) “rigid climate impact frecasts” 表述不準(zhǔn)確；C 選項(xiàng)不是其分析數(shù)據(jù)的方法不同，而是分析全面；D 選項(xiàng)不是類似的區(qū)域見解，而是提供了更廣泛的區(qū)域見解。所以答案是 B。
46. 推理判斷題：根據(jù)最后一段 “This prjectin stresses the imprtance f internatinal cperatin in climate actin plans and the develpment f fair plicies that recgnize and make up fr the inequities faced by the less develped natins mst affected by climate change” 可知，PIK 研究暗示應(yīng)通過合作應(yīng)對氣候變化來減少不平等，C 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng)避免溫度進(jìn)一步上升是要減少溫室氣體排放，而非建立公平政策；B 選項(xiàng)減少氣體排放不僅對環(huán)境有益，從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度也是有利的；D 選項(xiàng)文中未提及富裕國家應(yīng)承擔(dān)應(yīng)對全球變暖的全部成本。所以答案是 C。
【重點(diǎn)詞塊】
grundbreaking study 開創(chuàng)性研究
climate impact 氣候影響
greenhuse emissins 溫室氣體排放
labr prductivity 勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率
climate justice 氣候正義
renewable energy 可再生能源
sciecnmic cnsequences 社會經(jīng)濟(jì)后果
internatinal cperatin 國際合作
【復(fù)雜句式】
1. “A recent grundbreaking study by the Ptsdam Institute fr Climate Impact Research (PIK) frecasts massive financial damages due t climate change, prjecting annual damages f abut $38 trillin ($38 millin millin) by the year 2050.”
分析：句子主干是 “A recent grundbreaking massive financial damages”，“by the Ptsdam Institute fr Climate Impact Research (PIK)” 作后置定語修飾 “study”，“due t climate change” 是原因狀語，說明造成經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的原因；“prjecting annual damages f abut $38 trillin ($38 millin millin) by the year 2050” 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，進(jìn)一步說明研究預(yù)測的內(nèi)容。
翻譯：波茨坦氣候影響研究所（PIK）最近的一項(xiàng)開創(chuàng)性研究預(yù)測，由于氣候變化將造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，預(yù)計(jì)到 2050 年年度損失約為 38 萬億美元（3800 萬億）。
2. “The ecnmic damage, estimated between $19 trillin t $59 trillin by mid - century, primarily stems frm increased temperatures and their subsequent impact n agriculture, labr prductivity, and infrastructure.”
分析：句子主干是 “The ecnmic stems frm increased temperatures and their subsequent impact”，“estimated between $19 trillin t $59 trillin by mid - century” 是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “The ecnmic damage”，說明對經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的預(yù)估范圍；“n agriculture, labr prductivity, and infrastructure” 是介詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “impact”，表明影響的具體方面。
翻譯：到本世紀(jì)中葉，經(jīng)濟(jì)損失預(yù)計(jì)在 19 萬億美元到 59 萬億美元之間，主要源于氣溫上升及其對農(nóng)業(yè)、勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的后續(xù)影響。
3. “The findings reveal a discncerting disparity: natins within the trpical regins, which have cntributed least t histrical carbn emissins, are predicted t suffer incme lsses 60% greater than thse in higher - incme, higher - emissin cuntries.”
分析：冒號前是句子主干 “The findings reveal a discncerting disparity”，冒號后是對 “disparity” 的具體解釋。“natins within the trpical predicted t suffer incme lsses...” 是一個(gè)完整的句子，“within the trpical regins” 作后置定語修飾 “natins”，“which have cntributed least t histrical carbn emissins” 是定語從句，修飾 “natins within the trpical regins”；“60% greater than thse in higher - incme, higher - emissin cuntries” 是比較結(jié)構(gòu)，作后置定語修飾 “incme lsses”，將熱帶地區(qū)國家的收入損失與高收入、高排放國家進(jìn)行比較。
翻譯：研究結(jié)果揭示了一種令人不安的差距：熱帶地區(qū)國家對歷史碳排放的貢獻(xiàn)最小，但預(yù)計(jì)其遭受的收入損失比高收入、高排放國家大 60%。
4. “The study strngly advcates fr great and immediate reductins in greenhuse gas emissins t avid the wrst f these ecnmic damages. It suggests that slwing climate change is nt nly a mral and envirnmental must but als ecnmically advantageus, as the cst f inactin is far greater than the expenses assciated with reducing glbal warming t manageable levels.”
分析：第一句中 “t avid the wrst f these ecnmic damages” 是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，表明倡導(dǎo)減少溫室氣體排放的目的。第二句中 “that slwing climate change is nt nly a mral and envirnmental must but als ecnmically advantageus” 是賓語從句，作 “suggests” 的賓語；“as the cst f inactin is far greater than the expenses assciated with reducing glbal warming t manageable levels” 是原因狀語從句，說明減緩氣候變化在經(jīng)濟(jì)上有利的原因，其中 “assciated with reducing glbal warming t manageable levels” 是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “expenses”。
翻譯：該研究強(qiáng)烈倡導(dǎo)立即大幅減少溫室氣體排放，以避免這些最嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。它表明減緩氣候變化不僅是道德和環(huán)境上的必要之舉，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上也是有利的，因?yàn)椴蛔鳛榈某杀具h(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于將全球變暖控制在可管理水平所需的費(fèi)用。
psitive 肯定的,積極的
passive 被動(dòng)的，消極的
negative 消極的
supprtive 支持的
disapprving 不贊成的
critical 批評的
cnservative 保守的
suspicius 可疑的，懷疑的
puzzled/ cnfused 困惑的
subjective 主觀的
bjective 客觀的
neutral 中立的
cncerned 關(guān)心的，有關(guān)的
ptimistic 樂觀的
pessimistic 悲觀的
indifferent 漠不關(guān)心的
uncncerned 不關(guān)心的

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