\l "_Tc148898652" 解題攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 題型01 細(xì)節(jié)理解題3
\l "_Tc148898654" 題型02 詞句猜測(cè)題4
\l "_Tc148898655" 題型03 判斷推理題6
\l "_Tc148898656" 題型04 主旨大意題9
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考練場(chǎng) PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 11
題型簡(jiǎn)介
說明文是高考英語閱讀理解中的一個(gè)重要體裁，其目的是解釋和闡述事物，通常采用比較、解釋說明、引用、下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字等方法。說明文結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，語言客觀簡(jiǎn)潔，旨在介紹目標(biāo)對(duì)象，呈現(xiàn)事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)，作者立場(chǎng)不明顯。說明文的常見語篇模式包括“問題—（分析）—解決措施—（解釋）—（呼吁、評(píng)價(jià)或拓展）”、“引出主題—解釋主題—拓展主題”、“新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)—解釋新研究—（進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn)論證）—研究結(jié)論及其評(píng)價(jià)、研究啟示、未來研究方向”等。
命題類型
細(xì)節(jié)理解題：考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章中具體信息的理解，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件等。
推理判斷題：考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行邏輯推理和判斷的能力，包括推測(cè)隱含意思、文章出處、作者態(tài)度等。
主旨大意題：考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心意思的概括和歸納能力，包括段落大意、文章大意和標(biāo)題概括。
詞義猜測(cè)題：考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞或短語的含義，包括代詞指代、生僻詞以及短語短句的含義。
解題思路
快速把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)：說明文通常開門見山，作者會(huì)在文章開篇就把要介紹的事物或表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)直接陳述出來。因此，通過文章第一段可以迅速找出說明文介紹或闡述的事物。
關(guān)注段落首尾句：說明文的每個(gè)段落通常有主旨句、支撐細(xì)節(jié)和總結(jié)句。關(guān)注每一段的段首句和段尾句，可以幫助考生在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)把握段落的主旨大意。
理解語篇模式：了解說明文的常見語篇模式，有助于考生從宏觀層面理解語篇的框架和脈絡(luò)，通過“尋讀”迅速定位問題所在位置，提高閱讀理解的速度。
同義轉(zhuǎn)換能力：近幾年高考對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查難度有所增加，除了考查原文中直接出現(xiàn)的信息外，還考查學(xué)生對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換的能力。
推理和判斷：在解答推理判斷題時(shí)，考生需要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推測(cè)隱含意思，推斷作者的態(tài)度和意圖，以及對(duì)文章后續(xù)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)。
題型01 細(xì)節(jié)理解題

說明文中考查的細(xì)節(jié)理解題大致與記敘文相似。命題區(qū)域都有其共同點(diǎn)：⑴在列舉處命題，如用first(ly), secnd(ly), third(ly), finally, nt nly, but als, then, in additin等表示順承關(guān)系的詞語列舉出事實(shí)。試題要求考生從列舉出的內(nèi)容中選出符合題干要求的答案項(xiàng)。⑵在例證處命題，句中常用由as, such as, fr example, fr instance等引導(dǎo)的短語或句子作為例證，這些例句或比喻就成為命題者設(shè)問的焦點(diǎn)。⑶在轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比處命題，一般通過hwever, but, yet, in fact等詞語來引導(dǎo)。對(duì)比用unlike, until, nt s much…as等詞語引導(dǎo)，命題者常對(duì)用來對(duì)比的雙方屬性進(jìn)行考查。⑷在比較處命題，無端的比較、相反的比較、偷換對(duì)象的比較，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在干擾項(xiàng)中，考生要標(biāo)記并且關(guān)注到原文中的比較，才能順利地排除干擾。⑸在復(fù)雜句中命題，包括同位詞、插入語、定語、從句、不定式等，命題者主要考查考生對(duì)句子之間的指代關(guān)系和語法關(guān)系。
做這類題目時(shí)，一般都能在原文中找到出處，只要仔細(xì)就可以在文中找到答案。但正確的選擇項(xiàng)不可能與閱讀材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的語句成句型表達(dá)相同的意思。
Students and teachers, as well as sme parents, sit n tw wden benches running the length f the hallway f their schl. They take turns reading frm the Ohén: tn Karihwatéhkwen, which translates frm the Mhawk language t “Wrds befre all else.” These wrds, which express appreciatin fr all life frms, mark the day’s start at the Akwesasne Freedm Schl.
But the 60-dd students here wuldn’t understand these lessns if it weren’t fr this little schlhuse at the United States-Canada brder. “This makes us wh we are, and if we dn’t have this, wh are we ging t be?” asks teacher Kawehnkwiisthe, whse name in English means “She makes the island beautiful.”
Kawehnkwiisthe turns t her yung pupils and states that they are wise, r age 5, Mhawk is the medium f educatin fr students in every class frm kindergarten t 8th grade. When a child asks a questin in English, Kawehnkwiisthe respnds in Mhawk.
Mst parents pay fr their children with a handmade quilt sld in August. The schl is run as a cperative, where parents d the cleaning alng with the students and the maintenance wrk. Students cme frm American and Canadian sides f the brder, but the schl has never accepted funds frm either gvernment, says Alvera Sargent, wh heads the nnprfit Friends f the Akwesasne Freedm Schl and is ne f the last first-language speakers f Mhawk.
That makes her indispensable, says Wayln Ck, frmer teacher and nw prject manager f the schl’s nnprfit arm. “We treasure ur first-language speakers,” he says. “We treasure them because they are s imprtant fr us t cntinue n ur language.”
9．What is the Ohén: tn Karihwatéhkwen abut?
A．A way f greeting.B．A way t start and end a day.
C．Deep respect fr the natural wrld.D．Old-fashined business practices.
10．What can be learned abut the schl?
A．It is headed by Wayln Ck currently.
B．It is self-gverned by the lcal cmmunity.
C．It accepts kids frm kindergarten t high schl.
D．It emplys bth English and Mhawk fr teaching.
【答案】9．C 10．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一所學(xué)校為了保護(hù)莫霍克語所付出的努力。
9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“These wrds, which express appreciatin fr all life frms, mark the day’s start at the Akwesasne Freedm Schl. (這句表達(dá)對(duì)所有生命形式感激之情的話標(biāo)志著阿克韋森自由學(xué)校一天的開始)”可知，Ohén: tn Karihwatéhkwen是關(guān)于對(duì)自然世界的深切尊重。故選C。
10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The schl is run as a cperative, where parents d the cleaning alng with the students and the maintenance wrk. (學(xué)校是以合作社的形式經(jīng)營(yíng)的，家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)生一起做清潔和維護(hù)工作)”可知，這所學(xué)校由當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)自治。故選B。
題型02 語意猜測(cè)題

說明文為了把自然規(guī)律，事物的性質(zhì)等介紹清楚或把事理闡述明白，因此學(xué)術(shù)性強(qiáng)的生詞較多，所以常進(jìn)行生詞詞義判斷題的考查。命題方式多以the underlined part … in paragraph…refers t … 或what des the underlined wrd mean?或what is the meaning f the underlined wrd?為設(shè)問方式。說明文在闡述說明對(duì)象時(shí)易發(fā)生動(dòng)作變換、人稱轉(zhuǎn)變的現(xiàn)象，這類題目常以it，they，them 等代詞為命題點(diǎn)，因此考生要根據(jù)上下文語境，認(rèn)真閱讀原文，分析動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)換背景，弄清動(dòng)作不同執(zhí)行者，以便準(zhǔn)確判斷代詞的其實(shí)際指代對(duì)象。
解這類題型時(shí)，考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀原文，分析其對(duì)某些科學(xué)原理是如何定義、如何解釋的，并以此為突破口抽象概括出生詞詞義。也可以通過上下文來猜測(cè)某個(gè)陌生詞語的語意?；蛘哒页瞿硞€(gè)詞語在文章中的同義詞。要注意破折號(hào)、同位語從句、定語從句、插入語等具有解釋、說明作用的語言成分。
The ppularity f Durian Persnalities is als driven by the lnging fr depth and genuine emtin in mdern sciety. Psychlgical research shws that with increasing reliance n scial netwrks and instant messaging tls, shallw relatinships have made many lse patience and ability fr deep cmmunicatin. Hwever, Durian Persnalities ffer a cure: Its “unapprachability” becmes a filtering mechanism, aviding frivlus scial interactins and encuraging deeper engagement in valuable interpersnal cnnectins.
15．What des the underlined wrd “frivlus” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Regular.B．Unnecessary.C．Nnprfitable.D．Time-cnsuming.
【答案】 15．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了什么是“榴蓮人格”以及其性格特點(diǎn)。
15．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Durian Persnalities ffer a cure: Its “unapprachability” becmes a filtering mechanism, aviding(榴蓮人格提供了一種治療方法：它的“不可接近性”變成了一種過濾機(jī)制，避免……)”以及后文“scial interactins and encuraging deeper engagement in valuable interpersnal cnnectins.(……社交互動(dòng)，鼓勵(lì)更深入地參與有價(jià)值的人際關(guān)系)”可知，榴蓮人格的“不可接近性”變成了一種過濾機(jī)制，避免了不必要的社交互動(dòng)，鼓勵(lì)更深入地參與有價(jià)值的人際關(guān)系。故劃線詞意思是“不必要的”。故選B。
Dr Katy Tam at the University f Trnt Scarbrugh said bredm was clsely linked t attentin. “We feel bred when there’s a gap between hw engaged we are and hw engaged we want t be,” she said. “When peple keep switching thrugh vides, they becme less engaged with the vides and they are lking fr smething mre interesting. This can lead t increased feelings f bredm.”
The results appear t chime with ther studies: as the team ntes, previus research has suggested that while bredm relief is a driver fr peple t use scial media r smartphnes, the use f such technlgy appears t make the feeling wrse.
30．What des the underlined phrase “chime with” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．a(chǎn)gree withB．cmpare withC．cntrast withD．disagree with
【答案】 30．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了多倫多斯卡伯勒大學(xué)的研究人員關(guān)于人們?yōu)g覽視頻的研究，研究表明不斷切換視頻或在同一視頻中前后跳躍實(shí)際上會(huì)讓人們感到更無聊。
30．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“When peple keep switching thrugh vides, they becme less engaged with the vides and they are lking fr smething mre interesting. This can lead t increased feelings f bredm.(當(dāng)人們不停地切換視頻時(shí)，他們對(duì)視頻的參與度就會(huì)降低，他們會(huì)尋找更有趣的東西。這可能會(huì)增加無聊感)”以及后文“as the team ntes, previus research has suggested that while bredm relief is a driver fr peple t use scial media r smartphnes, the use f such technlgy appears t make the feeling wrse.(正如研究小組指出的那樣，之前的研究表明，盡管緩解無聊是人們使用社交媒體或智能手機(jī)的一個(gè)動(dòng)力，但使用這些技術(shù)似乎會(huì)讓感覺更糟)”可知，之前的研究和現(xiàn)在的研究結(jié)果一樣，推知chime with是“以……一致，同意”之意，和A項(xiàng)意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。
Yur wn experience f revising fr exams might tell yu that sessins f uninterrupted cncentratin can help yu t better remember key pieces f infrmatin. Indeed, many students will engage in intensive revisin just befre a test — in the belief that essential subject facts and figures will be memrized ready fr exam day.
Hwever, this cmmnly held wisdm has been cntradicted by an bservatin made in a psychlgical study. Nw knwn as the Zeigarnik effect, it was fund that interruptin during a task that requires fcus can in fact imprve a persn’s ability t remember it afterwards.
49．What des the underlined phrase “this cmmnly held wisdm” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Remembering essential subject facts guarantees success in exams.
B．Interruptin n memry prcessing generates unexpected results.
C．Uninterrupted cncentratin cntributes t effective revisin.
D．Revisin with full cncentratin bsts lng-term memry.
【答案】49．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了心理學(xué)家Bluma Zeigarnik在1927年觀察到的中斷對(duì)記憶處理的影響，并將其命名為Zeigarnik效應(yīng)。文章詳細(xì)解釋了這一效應(yīng)的發(fā)現(xiàn)過程、實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果以及在實(shí)際記憶中的應(yīng)用。
49．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Yur wn experience f revising fr exams might tell yu that sessins f uninterrupted cncentratin can help yu t better remember key pieces f infrmatin. (你自己復(fù)習(xí)考試的經(jīng)驗(yàn)可能會(huì)告訴你，不間斷的集中注意力可以幫助你更好地記住關(guān)鍵信息。)”以及第二段首句“Hwever, this cmmnly held wisdm has been cntradicted by an bservatin made in a psychlgical study.(然而，this cmmnly held wisdm卻被一項(xiàng)心理學(xué)研究的觀察結(jié)果所反駁)”中的“this cmmnly held wisdm”指的就是前文中提到的“不間斷的專注有助于有效復(fù)習(xí)”的觀點(diǎn)。因此，選項(xiàng)C“Uninterrupted cncentratin cntributes t effective revisin(不間斷的專注有助于有效復(fù)習(xí))”符合題意。故選C。
題型03 判斷推理題

推理判斷題是高考閱讀理解試題中的重要題型之一, 包括判斷和推理兩個(gè)方面，屬于主觀題, 是閱讀理解中層次較高的題目, 因此也是考生失分率較高的題型。需要在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對(duì)語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示, 做出一定的判斷和推理, 從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義。
推斷則是指通過對(duì)文章進(jìn)行符合邏輯的綜合分析，推出文章未直接陳述的言外之意。推斷正確與否，很大程度上取決于是否能正確把握作者潛隱在字里行間的語氣及觀點(diǎn)。推理判斷題主要有以下幾種形式：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題、文章的來源或讀者對(duì)象推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題等。
這類題目常見的設(shè)問方式有：
1. What was the authr’s attitude twards
2. The passage is intended t ...
3. The authr suggests that ...
4. The stry implies that…
5. Which pint f view may the authr agree t?
6. Frm the passage we can cnclude that...
7. The purpse f the passage is t...。
解決這類題型時(shí)，應(yīng)該根據(jù)不同的推理判斷方法解題。學(xué)生要在閱讀理解整體語篇的基礎(chǔ)上，把握文章的真正內(nèi)涵。答案不可能在文章中直接找到，而且推理時(shí)我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，準(zhǔn)確理解文中的已知部分，切忌過度推測(cè)或無理由推測(cè)，要結(jié)合語境和常識(shí)推論出未知部分，把握作者的言外之意。
Researchers frm Sun Yat-sen University shared their findings in Internatinal Envirnment that micrplastics (微塑料) can make hair lss wrse by hurting the skin’s prtective barriers thrugh a prcess called xidative stress (氧化應(yīng)激).
Micrplastics are very small pieces f plastic, smaller than 5 millimeters. They cme frm bigger plastic items breaking dwn, like shpping bags, take-ut cntainers, and drink bttles. These tiny bits can get int water, sil and air and they can mve up the fd chain and depsit in ur bdy.
The result f the first study shws when micrplastics are tested in living animals, they can create xidative stress and stp certain prteins frm wrking prperly. This can hurt the skin and the parts f the hair fllicles where hair grws, finally leading t hair falling ut.
In the secnd study, researchers explred hw new and aged micrplastics affect the skin and hair in mice. They gave mice water with these micrplastics fr tw mnths t see what wuld happen t their hair. After just ne day, researchers culd see that the micrplastics had mved thrugh the mice’s stmachs, gt int their bld and ended up in their hair. After tw mnths, the mice that drank water with aged micrplastics had mre damaged skin and falling hair than thse with new micrplastics. But further experiments are needed t decide whether aged micrplastics are mre harmful.
“Ntably, in daily life micrplastics can be fund in bttled water, clthes we wear, and even the air we breathe. It is estimated that a persn cnsumes apprximately 5 grams f micr-plastic particles per week n average,” said research leader Wang Xusheng.
17．Hw des the authr develp paragraph 2?
A．By qutatin.B．By listing numbers.
C．By cmparisn.D．By giving a definitin.
18．What can be inferred frm paragraph 3&4?
A．Micrplastics are absrbed thrugh many rgans.
B．Micrplastics finally depsit in the mice’s stmachs.
C．Researchers will carry ut further experiments n human beings.
D．New and aged micrplastics affect the mice t the same extent in the first study.
19．What is Wang Xusheng’s attitude twards micrplastics in daily life?
A．Indifferent.B．Objective.C．Cncerned.D．Skeptical.
20．Why des the authr write the passage?
A．T stress n the imprtance f hair prtectin.
B．T intrduce sme new findings f micrplastics.
C．T call fr urgent actin n plastic ban wrldwide.
D．T warn readers the danger f micrplastics in daily life.
【答案】17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了微塑料通過氧化應(yīng)激損害皮膚屏障，加重脫發(fā)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。
17．推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Micrplastics are very small pieces f plastic, smaller than 5 millimeters. They cme frm bigger plastic items breaking dwn, like shpping bags, take-ut cntainers, and drink bttles. These tiny bits can get int water, sil and air and they can mve up the fd chain and depsit in ur bdy. (微塑料是非常小的塑料片，小于5毫米。它們來自于大型塑料物品的分解，比如購(gòu)物袋、外賣容器和飲料瓶。這些微小的顆?？梢赃M(jìn)入水、土壤和空氣，它們可以沿著食物鏈向上移動(dòng)，并沉積在我們的體內(nèi))”可知，作者通過下定義的方式解釋了微塑料是什么。故選D。
18．推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“After just ne day, researchers culd see that the micrplastics had mved thrugh the mice’s stmachs, gt int their bld and ended up in their hair. After tw mnths, the mice that drank water with aged micrplastics had mre damaged skin and falling hair than thse with new micrplastics. (僅僅一天之后，研究人員就可以看到微塑料已經(jīng)穿過老鼠的胃，進(jìn)入它們的血液，最后進(jìn)入它們的頭發(fā))”可以推斷，微塑料通過多個(gè)器官被吸收。故選A。
19．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段““Ntably, in daily life micrplastics can be fund in bttled water, clthes we wear, and even the air we breathe. It is estimated that a persn cnsumes apprximately 5 grams f micr-plastic particles per week n average,” said research leader Wang Xusheng. (“值得注意的是，在日常生活中，瓶裝水、我們穿的衣服、甚至我們呼吸的空氣中都含有微塑料。據(jù)估計(jì)，一個(gè)人平均每周攝入約5克塑料微粒，”研究負(fù)責(zé)人王旭生說)”可知，王旭生提到日常生活中的微塑料問題時(shí)，表達(dá)了對(duì)微塑料廣泛存在及其潛在危害的關(guān)注和擔(dān)心。故選C。
20．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Researchers frm Sun Yat-sen University shared their findings in Internatinal Envirnment that micrplastics (微塑料) can make hair lss wrse by hurting the skin’s prtective barriers thrugh a prcess called xidative stress (氧化應(yīng)激). (中山大學(xué)的研究人員在《國(guó)際環(huán)境》雜志上分享了他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即微塑料可以通過一個(gè)稱為氧化應(yīng)激的過程損傷皮膚的保護(hù)屏障，從而加劇脫發(fā))”可知，文章主要介紹了中山大學(xué)研究人員的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即微塑料可以通過氧化應(yīng)激過程傷害皮膚的保護(hù)屏障，從而加劇脫發(fā)。因此推知，文章的主要目的是介紹微塑料的一些新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B。
題型04 主旨大意題

說明文常用文章大意判斷題考查考生對(duì)通篇文意的理解。即對(duì)文章的主題或中心意思的概括和歸納。主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體理解能力。命題形式常以This passage mainly talks abut ____. What is the main idea f the passage?為設(shè)問方式。這種試題多以This passage mainly talks abut …
答題時(shí)首先閱讀題干，掌握問題的類型，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對(duì)比，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。
The brain is prtected by shck-absrbing fluid and, utside that, the skull. In a cncussin (腦震蕩), the brain bunces arund in the skull, accelerating, decelerating r revlving. This creates a series f impacts. The neurns (神經(jīng)元) in the brain are disturbed, and between thse neurns, the axns - thin fibers that transmit electrical impulses–stretch r break. Inside the brain, it’s like an earthquake that has happened. Everything is still standing, but there are cracks in the rads and in building fundatins.
This extremely small damage has big cnsequences. But decades ag, the public had a “walk it ff” attitude twards cncussins. That’s changed, thanks in part t an increased awareness abut the lng-term effects. The 2015 film “Cncussin” tells the true stry f Dr Bennet Omalu, a frensic pathlgist studying chrnic traumatic encephalpathy (CTE), a brain disrder caused by repeated head injuries.
Until recently, the dark-rm treatment was the standard prescribed by mst dctrs, invlving patients resting in darkness and withut any mental stimulatin, until their symptms eased ff. This suggestin came ut f studies in the 1990s and early 2000s that fund when athletes with cncussins cntinued with high levels f activity, they recvered mre slwly than thse wh rested.
But peple wh spend mre time in a dark rm-smetimes called “ccning”-are als mre likely t experience anxiety, depressin and sleep prblems. Their bdies get weaker due t underuse, as well.
“Science and research have evlved ver the past decade, shwing that when yu stp ding activity altgether, that actually affects yur recvery prcess,” says Babul, a sprts-injury specialist. The active-rest apprach t cncussin recvery prmtes a slw increase in activity, starting with a day r tw f light daily mvement, and gradually adding activity, building t a full return t nrmal, unrestricted activity.
“Peple wh fllw the right guidance and management tend t recver uneventfully, and thse wh dn’t and cntinue t d their activities cntinue t tax their brain and are likely t have lng-term, persisting symptms,” Babul says. “The key is t recgnize it immediately and knw what t d.”
41．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．The wrkings f cncussin.B．The causes f cncussin.
C．The symptms f cncussin.D．The effects f cncussin.
44．What is the best title f the text?
A．Frm Inactin t Actin: Cncussin Shcks.B．Frm Darkness t Light: Cncussin Recvery.
C．Frm Outside t Inside: Cncussin Treatment.D．Frm Nthing t Smething: Cncussin Study.
【答案】41．A 44．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了腦震蕩的研究和治療方法的探討，即從傳統(tǒng)的黑暗治療方法轉(zhuǎn)向更積極的恢復(fù)策略。
41．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“The brain is prtected by shck-absrbing fluid and, utside that, the skull. In a cncussin (腦震蕩), the brain bunces arund in the skull, accelerating, decelerating r revlving. This creates a series f impacts. The neurns (神經(jīng)元) in the brain are disturbed, and between thse neurns, the axns - thin fibers that transmit electrical impulses–stretch r break. Inside the brain, it’s like an earthquake that has happened. Everything is still standing, but there are cracks in the rads and in building fundatins.(大腦是由吸震液保護(hù)的，在吸震液之外，還有頭骨。在腦震蕩中，大腦在頭骨中反彈，加速，減速或旋轉(zhuǎn)。這產(chǎn)生了一系列的影響。大腦中的神經(jīng)元受到干擾，在這些神經(jīng)元之間，軸突——傳輸電脈沖
的細(xì)纖維——伸展或斷裂。在大腦內(nèi)部，就像發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)地震。一切都還在，但道路和建筑地基上有裂縫。)”可知，第一段的主要講的是腦震蕩的機(jī)制，包括腦部在顱骨內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)及其對(duì)神經(jīng)元的影響。故選A項(xiàng)。
44．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及最后一段““Peple wh fllw the right guidance and management tend t recver uneventfully, and thse wh dn’t and cntinue t d their activities cntinue t tax their brain and are likely t have lng-term, persisting symptms,” Babul says. “The key is t recgnize it immediately and knw what t d.”(Babul說：“遵循正確指導(dǎo)和管理的人往往會(huì)平靜地康復(fù)，而那些不遵循正確指導(dǎo)和管理的人則會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行活動(dòng)，繼續(xù)給大腦帶來負(fù)擔(dān)，并可能出現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)的癥狀。”“關(guān)鍵是要立即意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，并知道該怎么做?！?”可知，文章主要講的是腦震蕩的研究和治療方法的探討，即從傳統(tǒng)的黑暗治療方法轉(zhuǎn)向更積極的恢復(fù)策略。故這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是“從黑暗到光明：腦震蕩的康復(fù)”。故選B項(xiàng)。
題型01 細(xì)節(jié)理解題
（2025年浦東新區(qū)一模）
In scilgy, cnsumptin is abut s much mre than just taking in r using up resurces. Humans cnsume t survive, f curse, but in tday’s wrld, we als cnsume t entertain and amuse urselves, and as a way t share time and experiences with thers. We cnsume nt nly material gds but als services, experiences, infrmatin, and cultural prducts. Cnsumptin tday is a central rganizing principle f scial life.
Scilgists recgnize that many aspects f ur daily lives are structured by cnsumptin. In fact, Plish scilgist Zygmunt Bauman wrte in the bk Cnsuming Life that Western scieties are n lnger rganized arund the act f prductin, but instead, arund cnsumptin. This transitin began in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, after which mst prductin jbs were mved verseas, and ur ecnmy shifted t retail and the prvisin f services and infrmatin.
43.What was the change in the United States in the mid-twentieth century?
A. A shift t lcal prductin.B. A grwth f verseas cnsumptin.
C. A fcus n retail and services.D. A decline in the value f cnsumptin.
【答案】43. C
【43 題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句 “This transitin began in the United States in the mid - twentieth century, after which mst prductin jbs were mved verseas, and ur ecnmy shifted t retail and the prvisin f services and infrmatin.” 可知，20 世紀(jì)中葉美國(guó)發(fā)生的變化是經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)向零售和服務(wù)及信息提供，故選 C。
（2025年浦東新區(qū)一模）
In scilgy, cnsumptin is abut s much mre than just taking in r using up resurces. Humans cnsume t survive, f curse, but in tday’s wrld, we als cnsume t entertain and amuse urselves, and as a way t share time and experiences with thers. We cnsume nt nly material gds but als services, experiences, infrmatin, and cultural prducts. Cnsumptin tday is a central rganizing principle f scial life.
Scilgists recgnize that many aspects f ur daily lives are structured by cnsumptin. In fact, Plish scilgist Zygmunt Bauman wrte in the bk Cnsuming Life that Western scieties are n lnger rganized arund the act f prductin, but instead, arund cnsumptin. This transitin began in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, after which mst prductin jbs were mved verseas, and ur ecnmy shifted t retail and the prvisin f services and infrmatin.
43.What was the change in the United States in the mid-twentieth century?
A. A shift t lcal prductin.B. A grwth f verseas cnsumptin.
C. A fcus n retail and services.D. A decline in the value f cnsumptin.
【答案】43. C
【43 題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句 “This transitin began in the United States in the mid - twentieth century, after which mst prductin jbs were mved verseas, and ur ecnmy shifted t retail and the prvisin f services and infrmatin.” 可知，20 世紀(jì)中葉美國(guó)發(fā)生的變化是經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)向零售和服務(wù)及信息提供，故選 C。
（2025年閔行一模）
The cnversatinal tne f an AI chatbt r vice-based assistant is a gd way t learn new cncepts, but it may actually make us mre willing t believe inaccuracies, cmpared with infrmatin presented in a static（靜態(tài)的） article.
T investigate this issue, Snja Utz frm Germany asked 1,200 participants t engage with ne f three frmats. The first invlved text appearing letter by letter in the style f a large mdel, similar t ChatGPT; the secnd prvided infrmatin thrugh a vice-based device; and the third was a static, text-based cpy f cntent.
43. What was the main fcus f Snja Utz's study?
A. Features f AI chatbts r vice-based assistants.
B. Peple's preference fr infrmatin surces.
C. Why static articles differ frm cnversatinal cntent.
D. Hw text frmats influence infrmatin trustwrthiness.
【答案】43. D
【43 題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段 “The cnversatinal tne f an AI chatbt r vice - based assistant is a gd way t learn new cncepts, but it may actually make us mre willing t believe inaccuracies, cmpared with infrmatin presented in a static（靜態(tài)的） article.” 以及第二段 “T investigate this issue, Snja Utz frm Germany asked 1,200 participants t engage with ne f three frmats.” 可知，Snja Utz 的研究主要關(guān)注文本格式如何影響人們對(duì)信息可信度的判斷，即文本格式如何影響信息的可信賴度，答案選 D。
題型02 語意猜測(cè)題
（2025年嘉定一模）
The simplicity f the fndant - a single-serving dessert with a mlten cre - belies its cmplexity. Achieving the perfect texture and ensuring the center flws at the exact mment f cutting are the challenges that nly a skilled chef can cnsistently cnquer. There's an element f anticipatin built int the experience: will the warm chclate flw r remain disappintingly slid?
44. What des the wrd “belies” (paragraph 4) mst prbably mean?
A. Reveals.B. Defines.C. Masks.D. Explains.
【答案】 44. C
【44題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Achieving the perfect texture and ensuring the center flws at the exact mment f cutting are the challenges that nly a skilled chef can cnsistently cnquer. (實(shí)現(xiàn)完美的質(zhì)地，并確保中心流動(dòng)在切割的確切時(shí)刻是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，只有一個(gè)熟練的廚師可以不斷克服。)”以及上文“The simplicity f the fndant - a single-serving dessert with a mlten cre (方旦糖的簡(jiǎn)單性——是一種單份的甜點(diǎn)，它的核心是熔化的)”可知，方旦糖的簡(jiǎn)單性掩蓋了其內(nèi)在的復(fù)雜性。故劃線詞意思是“掩蓋”。故選C。
（2025年虹口一模）
But trade-ffs exist. Given peple’s anxiety abut math and level f mathematical ability, there is an upper limit when cmmunicating these kinds f details. In past research, it was fund that peple find numbers helpful, s lng as there aren’t t many f them. N hard-and-fast rule suggests hw many is t many-it depends n the cmplexity f the tpic, peple’s familiarity with the subject and their verall numeracy. Cmmunicatrs therefre need t knw and attend t their audience: if a speaker sees smene lking bred, fr example, it’s a sign t back ff n the numbers.
44. Which f the fllwing best fits the descriptin f “trade-ffs” (paragraph 4)?
A. Numbers cause difficulties in understanding the matter.
B. Peple find the subject being talked abut unfamiliar.
C. It takes time t cnfirm the precisin f all numbers.
D. Peple tend t hld mre debates abut the tpic
【答案】44. A
【44題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“But trade-ffs exist. Given peple’s anxiety abut math and level f mathematical ability, there is an upper limit when cmmunicating these kinds f details.(但存在trade-ffs?？紤]到人們對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的焦慮和數(shù)學(xué)能力水平，在傳達(dá)這類細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)存在一個(gè)上限)”可知，由于人們的數(shù)學(xué)焦慮和數(shù)學(xué)能力水平，會(huì)導(dǎo)致存在理解上的困難或限制。trade-ffs指的就是在使用數(shù)字進(jìn)行傳播時(shí)，由于人們的數(shù)學(xué)焦慮和數(shù)學(xué)能力水平，數(shù)字會(huì)在理解問題上造成了困難。故選A項(xiàng)。
題型03 判斷推理題
（2025年徐匯一模）
Mst taxi drivers need a smartphne t get t their destinatins. But sharks, it seems, need nthing mre than their wn bdies — and Earth’s magnetic (磁的) field. A new study suggests sme sharks can read Earth’s field like a map and use it t travel lng distances with accuracy.
Since the 1970s, researchers have suspected that sme fish can detect magnetic fields. But n ne had shwn that sharks use the fields t find their lcatin r navigate (導(dǎo)航), partly because the animals aren’t s easy t wrk with. It’s ne thing if yu have a small fish, r a baby sea turtle, but when yu wrk with sharks, yu have t upscale everything.
【答案】43. C
【43題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“But n ne had shwn that sharks use the fields t find their lcatin r navigate (導(dǎo)航), partly because the animals aren’t s easy t wrk with. It’s ne thing if yu have a small fish, r a baby sea turtle, but when yu wrk with sharks, yu have t upscale everything.(但沒有人能證明鯊魚利用磁場(chǎng)來找到它們的位置或?qū)Ш剑糠衷蚴沁@些動(dòng)物不太容易研究。如果只是小魚或小海龜還好，但和鯊魚一起工作時(shí)，你必須放大一切)”可知，研究人員很難證明鯊魚可以讀取地球磁場(chǎng)是因?yàn)轷忯~太大，很難在實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境中研究。故選C。
（2025年楊浦一模）
Neurdiversity is a term that refers t the natural range f differences in peple’s brains. The neurdiversity mvement says that the brains that wander frm the average within that range shuldn’t be dismissed as insufficient autmatically. The term dates back t the autism (自閉癥) cmmunity in the 1990s, thugh it’s nw applied t all srts f mental differences. In the past, “autism was widely seen as an individual medical tragedy,” says Rbert Chapman, a neurdivergent (腦功能異于常人的) philspher with autism, “The nly hpe fr autistic peple and ur families, it was thught, was that we wuld ne day be fixed thrugh behaviral r bimedical interventin.”
Crucially, the neurdiversity mvement allws neurdivergent peple t transfrm their thinking abut themselves. “The dminant medicalized narrative suggested that being autistic made me smehw tragic, brken, and in need f fixing” Chapman writes in his 2023 bk. “This was why I fund discvering neurdiversity mvement, which ffered a different analysis, s liberating.”
45. What can be inferred abut Rbert Chapman?
A. He believes being autistic is a life-lng tragedy.
B. He has been fixed thrugh bi-medical interventin.
C. He is bthered by the negative narrative surrunding autism.
D. He thinks autistic peple can be liberated frm the mvement.
46. The main purpse f the article is t ______.
A. intrduce the effective treatment methds fr autism
B. explain the histry and significance f the neurdiversity mvement
C. argue fr the necessity f prmting the neurdiversity mvement
D. criticize the wrng fcus f research in understanding autism
【答案】 45. C 46. B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了神經(jīng)多樣性這一概念及其對(duì)于自閉癥等神經(jīng)差異群體的意義和影響。
【45題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Crucially, the neurdiversity mvement allws neurdivergent peple t transfrm their thinking abut themselves. “The dminant medicalized narrative suggested that being autistic made me smehw tragic, brken, and in need f fixing” Chapman writes in his 2023 bk. “This was why I fund discvering neurdiversity mvement, which ffered a different analysis, s liberating.”(至關(guān)重要的是，神經(jīng)多樣性運(yùn)動(dòng)允許神經(jīng)發(fā)散的人改變他們對(duì)自己的看法。Chapman在他2023年出版的書中寫道：“主流的醫(yī)學(xué)敘事認(rèn)為，自閉癥讓我在某種程度上變得悲慘、破碎，需要修復(fù)?！薄斑@就是我發(fā)現(xiàn)神經(jīng)多樣性運(yùn)動(dòng)如此令人解放的原因，它提供了一種不同的分析視角?！?”可推知，Rbert Chapman被自閉癥周圍的負(fù)面敘述所困擾。故選C項(xiàng)。
【46題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Neurdiversity is a term that refers t the natural range f differences in peple’s brains. The neurdiversity mvement says that the brains that wander frm the average within that range shuldn’t be dismissed as insufficient autmatically.(神經(jīng)多樣性是一個(gè)術(shù)語，指的是人類大腦的自然差異范圍。神經(jīng)多樣性運(yùn)動(dòng)表示，在這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)偏離平均水平的大腦不應(yīng)該被自動(dòng)視為不充分)”可知，這句話引出神經(jīng)多樣性這一話題，接下來文章圍繞神經(jīng)多樣性運(yùn)動(dòng)展開，解釋了其歷史、意義和影響。由此推知，文章的主要目的是解釋神經(jīng)多樣性運(yùn)動(dòng)的歷史和意義。故選B項(xiàng)。
題型04 主旨大意題
（2025年靜安一模）
Abut 150 years after his death, questins appeared abut the authrship f William Shakespeare’s plays. Schlars and literary critics began t flat names like Christpher Marlwe, Edward de Vere and Francis Bacn - men f mre knwn backgrunds, literary recgnitin, r inspiratin - as the true authrs f the plays. Much f this came frm the incmplete recrd f Shakespeare’s life and the lack f eye-witness surces. Official files frm the Hly Trinity Church and the Stratfrd gvernment recrd the existence f a William Shakespeare, but nne bears the statements like him being an actr r playwright (劇作家).
46. The passage is mainly abut ________.
A. ways t determine the real authr f classic literary wrks
B. the fights between Shakespeare’s supprters and his ppnents
C. dubts and prfs abut the authrship f Shakespeare’s plays
D. the criticism n Shakespeare’s plays and their values
【答案】 46. C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于莎士比亞戲劇作者身份的爭(zhēng)議，懷疑者質(zhì)疑其行蹤、身份記錄和教育背景，但大多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為莎士比亞是其作品的真正作者，并通過歷史證據(jù)支持這一觀點(diǎn)。
【46題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Abut 150 years after his death, questins appeared abut the authrship f William Shakespeare’s plays. (大約在他死后150年，關(guān)于威廉·莎士比亞戲劇的作者的問題出現(xiàn)了。)”和第四段中“Hwever, the vast majrity f Shakespearean schlars argue that William Shakespeare wrte all his wn plays. (然而，絕大多數(shù)研究莎士比亞的學(xué)者認(rèn)為威廉·莎士比亞所有的戲劇都是他自己寫的。)”可知，文章主要介紹了關(guān)于莎士比亞戲劇作者身份的爭(zhēng)議，懷疑者質(zhì)疑其行蹤、身份記錄和教育背景，但大多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為莎士比亞是其作品的真正作者，并通過歷史證據(jù)支持這一觀點(diǎn)。因此，文章主要是展現(xiàn)關(guān)于莎士比亞戲劇作者的懷疑和證據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)。
（2025年奉賢一模）
Fr the first time, scientists have bserved the brain thrughut the pregnancy (懷孕) timeline. Sex hrmnes, like estrgen and teststerne, are pwerful players in the brain, affecting md, memry, and mre. Sme f the mst dramatic hrmnal changes that humans experience happen during pregnancy, and yet thse nine mnths have been a black bx fr human neurscience until nw.
A new study published this week in Nature Neurscience prvides the mst extensive lk inside that black bx yet. Researchers scanned the brain f ne wman 26 times ver the entire curse f her pregnancy — befre, during and after. Brain scans shw that tracks f white matter get strnger during pregnancy. Previus brain imaging studies frm befre and after pregnancy have shwn that pregnancy shrinks (縮小) parts f the brain, specifically its gray matter. These uter layers f the brain are respnsible fr mst f sensatin, learning and ther great things the brain des.
43. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. hw pregnancy impacts wmen’s memryB. hw brain scans lead t a breakthrugh
C. hw puberty differs frm pregnancyD. hw brain changes during pregnancy
【答案】43. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了懷孕期間大腦的變化。
【43題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Fr the first time, scientists have bserved the brain thrughut the pregnancy (懷孕) timeline.(科學(xué)家們首次在整個(gè)懷孕時(shí)間線上觀察了大腦)”、第二段“Previus brain imaging studies frm befre and after pregnancy have shwn that pregnancy shrinks (縮小) parts f the brain, specifically its gray matter. These uter layers f the brain are respnsible fr mst f sensatin, learning and ther great things the brain des.(之前對(duì)懷孕前后的腦成像研究表明，懷孕會(huì)縮小大腦的某些部位，特別是灰質(zhì)。大腦的這些外層負(fù)責(zé)大腦的大部分感覺、學(xué)習(xí)和其他偉大的事情)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了懷孕期間大腦的變化。故選D。
A
（2025年崇明一模）
The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categries including nline jurnalism, newspaper reprting, fictin, histry, music, drama, petry, phtgraphy and mre. Recipients can be a news rganizatin, an individual r a grup f peple.
Each f the first 21 winners receives a $15,000 cash prize and a certificate. The twenty-secnd prize, hwever, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given t a news agency. Instead f cash, the news rganizatin receives the Pulitzer Gld Medal. The name f the year’s winner is n ne side f the cin and the year is n the ther. All winners are hnred and awarded their prizes at an annual lunch party. The event takes place at Clumbia University, which was riginally tasked with administering the award, and usually ccurs in May.
If it hadn’t been fr a Hungarian-American named Jseph Pulitzer, the awards wuld never have cme int existence. Pulitzer was brn int a wealthy family in Hungary in 1847. He made his way t America and built a career in jurnalism. He develped a reputatin as an ambitius and energetic yung jurnalist. By 1872 Pulitzer had becme a publisher, and six years later he wned a newspaper cmpany. In 1883 he purchased yet anther newspaper. He became knwn as smene wh was nt afraid t take a public stand against crruptin (腐敗).
After a successful career in jurnalism, seven years befre his death, Pulitzer wrte a will, leaving $2,000,000 t Clumbia University. The mney was t establish a schl f jurnalism at Clumbia and a set f awards. Pulitzer’s desire was t raise the standards f jurnalism. He hped the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future.
Faithfully fllwing Pulitzer’s instructins, Clumbia University awarded the very first Pulitzer Prizes in 1917. Tday these awards are cnsidered sme f the mst distinguished prizes in America.
36. What can be knwn abut the Pulitzers?
A.Their recipients all get cash prizes. B. There are 21 winners each year.
C. They are awarded wrldwide.D. They g beynd jurnalism.
37. It can be inferred frm the passage that Jseph Pulitzer _____.
A. was humrus and curageus B. was raised up in a jurnalist’s family
C. had a strng sense f justice D. sught a gal f prducing wealth
38. Pulitzer established the prizes mainly t _____.
A. facilitate better jurnalismB. diversify ways f access t jurnalism
C. supprt Clumbia University D. stimulate peple t becme jurnalists
39. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Pulitzer Prizes: Jseph Pulitzer’s Lifetime Ambitin
B. Pulitzer Prizes: Sme f America’s Greatest Hnrs
C. Pulitzer Prizes: Awards fr Distinguished Jurnalists
D. Pulitzer Prizes: Annual Events at Clumbia University
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B
【導(dǎo)讀】
本文介紹了普利策獎(jiǎng)，它是美國(guó)在新聞、書籍、戲劇和音樂等領(lǐng)域頒發(fā)的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，涵蓋 22 個(gè)類別。獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)甙ㄐ侣剻C(jī)構(gòu)、個(gè)人或團(tuán)體，除公共服務(wù)獎(jiǎng)外，其他 21 個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的獲得者可獲現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和證書。該獎(jiǎng)由匈牙利裔美國(guó)人約瑟夫?普利策設(shè)立，他在新聞?lì)I(lǐng)域取得成功后，留下 200 萬美元給哥倫比亞大學(xué)，用于建立新聞學(xué)院和設(shè)立獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，以提高新聞行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1917 年，哥倫比亞大學(xué)首次頒發(fā)普利策獎(jiǎng)，如今該獎(jiǎng)已成為美國(guó)最杰出的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)之一。
【解析】
36. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：
根據(jù)第一段 “The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categries including nline jurnalism, newspaper reprting, fictin, histry, music, drama, petry, phtgraphy and mre.” 可知，普利策獎(jiǎng)不僅涉及新聞?lì)I(lǐng)域，還包括書籍、戲劇、音樂等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域，D 選項(xiàng) “它們超越了新聞?lì)I(lǐng)域” 正確。
A 選項(xiàng)，公共服務(wù)獎(jiǎng)獲得者獲得的是普利策金牌而非現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，所以 A 選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B 選項(xiàng)，每年有 22 個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，而不是 21 個(gè)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，所?B 選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C 選項(xiàng)，普利策獎(jiǎng)是在美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)頒發(fā)，并非全球范圍，所以 C 選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。所以答案是 D。
37. 推理判斷題：
由第三段 “He became knwn as smene wh was nt afraid t take a public stand against crruptin (腐敗).” 可知，約瑟夫?普利策敢于公開反對(duì)腐敗，這表明他有強(qiáng)烈的正義感，C 選項(xiàng)正確。
A 選項(xiàng)，文中未提及他幽默；B 選項(xiàng)，他出生于匈牙利的富裕家庭，并非新聞工作者家庭；D 選項(xiàng)，他設(shè)立獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的目的是提高新聞行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而非追求財(cái)富，所以 A、B、D 選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。所以答案是 C。
38. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：
根據(jù)第四段 “Pulitzer’s desire was t raise the standards f jurnalism. He hped the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future.” 可知，普利策設(shè)立獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)主要是為了促進(jìn)更好的新聞工作，提高新聞行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，A 選項(xiàng)正確。
B 選項(xiàng) “使進(jìn)入新聞行業(yè)的方式多樣化”，文中未提及；C 選項(xiàng) “支持哥倫比亞大學(xué)”，設(shè)立獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的主要目的不是支持大學(xué)，而是提高新聞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；D 選項(xiàng) “激勵(lì)人們成為記者”，重點(diǎn)是激勵(lì)記者追求卓越，而非激勵(lì)人們成為記者，所以 B、C、D 選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。所以答案是 A。
39. 主旨大意題：
文章介紹了普利策獎(jiǎng)的設(shè)立背景、涵蓋領(lǐng)域、獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)設(shè)置以及其意義，如今普利策獎(jiǎng)被認(rèn)為是美國(guó)最杰出的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)之一，B 選項(xiàng) “普利策獎(jiǎng)：美國(guó)一些最偉大的榮譽(yù)” 能全面概括文章內(nèi)容，正確。
A 選項(xiàng) “普利策獎(jiǎng)：約瑟夫?普利策的畢生抱負(fù)”，文章不僅僅圍繞他的抱負(fù)展開；C 選項(xiàng) “普利策獎(jiǎng)：杰出記者的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)”，普利策獎(jiǎng)不僅針對(duì)記者，還涉及其他領(lǐng)域；D 選項(xiàng) “普利策獎(jiǎng)：哥倫比亞大學(xué)的年度活動(dòng)”，這只是普利策獎(jiǎng)?lì)C獎(jiǎng)的地點(diǎn)和形式，不能概括全文，所以 A、C、D 選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。所以答案是 B。
【重點(diǎn)詞塊】
utstanding achievement 杰出成就
recipient 接受者
news agency 新聞機(jī)構(gòu)
administer the award 管理獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)
take a public stand against 公開反對(duì)
write a will 立遺囑
raise the standards f 提高…… 的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
act as a stimulus 起到激勵(lì)作用
【復(fù)雜句式】
1. The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music.”
分析：句子主干是 “The Pulitzers are American awards”，“given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music” 是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “awards”，說明普利策獎(jiǎng)是在美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)為新聞、書籍、戲劇和音樂等領(lǐng)域杰出成就而設(shè)立的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。
翻譯：普利策獎(jiǎng)是在美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)頒發(fā)的美國(guó)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，旨在表彰新聞、書籍、戲劇和音樂等領(lǐng)域的杰出成就。
2. “The twenty - secnd prize, hwever, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given t a news agency. Instead f cash, the news rganizatin receives the Pulitzer Gld Medal.”
分析：第一句是主從復(fù)合句，“The twenty - secnd prize, hwever, is the Public Service Prize” 是主句，“which is always given t a news agency” 是非限制性定語從句，對(duì) “the Public Service Prize” 進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。第二句是簡(jiǎn)單句，“Instead f cash” 是狀語，表明不是獲得現(xiàn)金。
翻譯：然而，第 22 個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)是公共服務(wù)獎(jiǎng)，該獎(jiǎng)總是授予一家新聞機(jī)構(gòu)。新聞機(jī)構(gòu)獲得的不是現(xiàn)金，而是普利策金牌。
3. “If it hadn’t been fr a Hungarian - American named Jseph Pulitzer, the awards wuld never have cme int existence.”
分析：這是一個(gè)虛擬條件句，“If it hadn’t been fr...” 是對(duì)過去情況的虛擬，意思是 “如果不是……”，表示一種假設(shè)的情況，主句 “the awards wuld never have cme int existence” 使用了與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu) “wuld + have + 過去分詞”。
翻譯：如果不是因?yàn)橐晃幻屑s瑟夫?普利策的匈牙利裔美國(guó)人，這些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)存在。
4. “Pulitzer’s desire was t raise the standards f jurnalism. He hped the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future.”
分析：第一句是簡(jiǎn)單句，“t raise the standards f jurnalism” 是動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，說明普利策的愿望。第二句是主從復(fù)合句，“He hped” 是主句，“the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future” 是省略了引導(dǎo)詞 “that” 的賓語從句，作 “hped” 的賓語，“t wrk fr excellence” 是動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，表明獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)對(duì)記者起到激勵(lì)作用的目的。
翻譯：普利策的愿望是提高新聞行業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。他希望這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)能激勵(lì)記者們追求卓越 —— 無論是當(dāng)時(shí)還是未來。
B
（2025年寶山一模）
If yu lve beautiful scenery, then head fr the natinal parks and mnuments f Utah. Begin yur trip in Arches Natinal Park. Depicted (描繪) as a wnderland, Arches has mre than 2,000 natural stne arches, the wrld's largest cncentratin. If yu'd like a challenge, try the Fiery Furnace hike. Yu must g with a park guide as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宮), with narrw rcks abve drp-ffs alng with gaps t pull yurself up and thrugh.
Nt far frm Arches lies Canyn lands Natinal Park. The mst accessible area f the park is the Island in the Sky, a huge mesa (臺(tái)地). Take the drive arund the edge t get an amazing view f the surrunding area. Frm Grand View Pint, yu can take an easy tw-mile hike that fllws the edge f the mesa. It crsses a narrw pint f land arriving at ne f the mst beautiful viewpints in the wrld.
Farther t the nrth is Dinsaur Natinal Mnument. Yur first stp here shuld be the Quarry Exhibit Hall, where yu can see a natural stne wall cntaining abut 1,500 bnes frm dinsaurs that nce walked in this regin. After that, hike ne f the park's many trails. Alng sme f them, yu can see petrglyphs (巖畫).These are designs and images that were carved int the stne walls by the Freemnt peple, wh lived in this area frm arund 200 A.D. t 1300 A.D. If yu wish t camp, stay vernight in the Split Muntain campgrund. During the evening, attend ne f the night sky prgrams that are held after dark in the camping area. As yu gaze up at the heavens, an expert will pint ut and discuss fascinating bjects in the night sky.
36. What des the article imply abut the Fiery Furnace hike?
A. It leads t ne f Utah's highest summits.
B. It requires very little effrt t cmplete.
C. It's ften clsed t prtect animals.
D. It has cmplicated bends and turns.
37. What des the expert prbably discuss during the prgram in the camping area?
A. All kinds f insect lifeB. Planets, mn and stars
C. Native bushes and flwersD. Interesting species f birds
38. In which publicatin wuld yu mst likely find this article?
A. Ppular Crafts and HbbiesB. American Literary Magazine
C. Tday's Guide t InvestingD. Outdr Recreatin Digest
答案 36. D 37. B 38. D
文章大意
文章是一篇旅游指南，介紹了猶他州的幾個(gè)國(guó)家公園和紀(jì)念碑。首先推薦了拱門國(guó)家公園（Arches Natinal Park），其中有 2000 多個(gè)天然石拱，還提到了具有挑戰(zhàn)性的 Fiery Furnace 徒步路線。接著介紹了離拱門國(guó)家公園不遠(yuǎn)的峽谷地國(guó)家公園（Canynlands Natinal Park），重點(diǎn)講了其中比較容易到達(dá)的天空之島（Island in the Sky）以及在那里可以欣賞到的美景。最后介紹了更北邊的恐龍國(guó)家紀(jì)念碑（Dinsaur Natinal Mnument），包括其中的采石場(chǎng)展覽廳（Quarry Exhibit Hall）、徒步路線上的巖畫以及露營(yíng)活動(dòng)和夜間觀星項(xiàng)目。
答案解析
36 題 答案：D
解析：文章對(duì) Fiery Furnace 徒步路線的描述是 “a labyrinth (迷宮), with narrw rcks abve drp - ffs alng with gaps t pull yurself up and thrugh”，意思是這條路線像迷宮一樣，有狹窄的巖石、落差以及需要攀爬通過的縫隙。這些描述表明路線有復(fù)雜的彎道和轉(zhuǎn)折，所以答案是 D。A 選項(xiàng)文中沒有提到這條路線通向猶他州最高的山峰；B 選項(xiàng)從對(duì)路線像迷宮一樣的描述可以推斷出它并不容易完成，需要一定的努力；C 選項(xiàng)文中沒有提及為保護(hù)動(dòng)物而關(guān)閉該路線的內(nèi)容。
37 題 答案：B
解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容 “During the evening, attend ne f the night sky prgrams that are held after dark in the camping area. As yu gaze up at the heavens, an expert will pint ut and discuss fascinating bjects in the night sky.”，在露營(yíng)地天黑后會(huì)有夜間觀星項(xiàng)目，人們仰望天空時(shí)，專家會(huì)指出并討論夜空中迷人的物體。所以可以推斷專家討論的應(yīng)該是和天空有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，選項(xiàng)中只有 B 選項(xiàng) “行星、月亮和星星” 符合，A 選項(xiàng)昆蟲、C 選項(xiàng)本土灌木和花卉、D 選項(xiàng)有趣的鳥類都與夜空中的物體無關(guān)。
38 題 答案：D
解析：文章主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于猶他州的國(guó)家公園和紀(jì)念碑，包括公園內(nèi)的徒步路線、景點(diǎn)、露營(yíng)等戶外活動(dòng)相關(guān)信息。A 選項(xiàng)《流行工藝與愛好》主要涉及手工制作和興趣愛好方面的內(nèi)容，與文章主題不符；B 選項(xiàng)《美國(guó)文學(xué)雜志》主要是文學(xué)作品相關(guān)內(nèi)容；C 選項(xiàng)《今日投資指南》主要是關(guān)于投資的內(nèi)容。只有 D 選項(xiàng)《戶外休閑文摘》是關(guān)于戶外休閑活動(dòng)的刊物，所以答案是 D。
重點(diǎn)詞塊
natural stne arches：天然石拱
cncentratin：集中；聚集
labyrinth：迷宮
drp - ffs：落差；陡坡
accessible area：容易到達(dá)的區(qū)域
mesa：臺(tái)地
viewpint：觀點(diǎn)；視角；景點(diǎn)
petrglyphs：巖畫
campgrund：露營(yíng)地
night sky prgrams：夜空觀測(cè)項(xiàng)目
復(fù)雜句式
1. “Depicted (描繪) as a wnderland, Arches has mre than 2,000 natural stne arches, the wrld's largest cncentratin.”
分析：這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，“Depicted (描繪) as a wnderland” 是過去分詞短語作狀語，用來描述 Arches Natinal Park 的狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于 “As it is depicted as a wnderland”；句子的主干是 “Arches has mre than 2,000 natural stne arches”，“the wrld's largest cncentratin” 是同位語，對(duì) “mre than 2,000 natural stne arches” 進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。
翻譯：拱門國(guó)家公園被描繪成一個(gè)仙境，擁有 2000 多個(gè)天然石拱，是世界上石拱最集中的地方。
2. “Yu must g with a park guide as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宮), with narrw rcks abve drp - ffs alng with gaps t pull yurself up and thrugh.”
分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，“Yu must g with a park guide” 是主句；“as the hike is a labyrinth (迷宮)” 是原因狀語從句，說明需要和公園導(dǎo)游一起走的原因；“with narrw rcks abve drp - ffs alng with gaps t pull yurself up and thrugh” 是 “with + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語” 結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語，對(duì) “a labyrinth” 進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，其中 “t pull yurself up and thrugh” 是動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語，修飾 “gaps”。
翻譯：你必須和一個(gè)公園導(dǎo)游一起走，因?yàn)檫@條徒步路線是一個(gè)迷宮，有落差上方狹窄的巖石，還有供你攀爬通過的縫隙。
3. “These are designs and images that were carved int the stne walls by the Freemnt peple, wh lived in this area frm arund 200 A.D. t 1300 A.D.”
分析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，“These are designs and images” 是主句；“that were carved int the stne walls by the Freemnt peple” 是定語從句，修飾先行詞 “designs and images”，說明這些設(shè)計(jì)和圖像是由 Freemnt 人刻在石壁上的；“wh lived in this area frm arund 200 A.D. t 1300 A.D.” 是定語從句，修飾先行詞 “the Freemnt peple”，說明 Freemnt 人的居住時(shí)間。
翻譯：這些是設(shè)計(jì)和圖像，它們是由公元 200 年到 1300 年左右居住在這個(gè)地區(qū)的弗里蒙特人刻在石壁上的。
C
（2025年長(zhǎng)寧一模）
Unemplyment is a significant prblem in many develping cuntries. Withut steady wrk, individuals struggle t rise ut f pverty, and the cmmunity as a whle als misses ut. Many unemplyed peple culd have dne much gd thrugh their labur if they had been given the pprtunity t cntribute. Wrse, withut pprtunities fr prper emplyment, yung peple smetimes turn t crime and vilence in rder t prvide fr themselves. Thus, giving peple pprtunities t wrk is essential fr the cmmunity’s well-being.
Educatin plays a vital rle in equipping peple fr certain jbs, but many yung peple find that even if they are qualified, the jbs are just nt there. This was the situatin that Rwandan entrepreneur (企業(yè)家) Nel Nizeyimana faced. When he graduated frm university with a degree in sil and envirnmental science, he sent ut applicatin after applicatin but received n jb ffers, s he turned t creating his wn business. With three f his clleagues, he funded Greencare Rwanda Ltd., a cmpany that transfrms waste int prducts that can be used fr varius purpses. Fr example, ne f the cmpany’s prgrams prcesses waste and turns it int rganic fertilizer used by lcal farmers. The cmpany has als expanded int plastic recycling and prduces paving materials frm sand and plastic. Thus, Greencare Rwanda is prviding materials fr ther industries as well.
Greencare Rwanda Ltd. was able t get ff the grund largely due t funds it received frm the UN Yuth Jint Prgramme. This prgram is an attempt t reach the UN’s sustainable develpment gal f “decent wrk and ecnmic grwth.” The assistance definitely helped Greencare, which nw prduces 400 tns f fertilizer and 2,560 square meters f paving materials per year. It als emplys 25 peple, which shws that helping peple start businesses prvides wrk fr mre than just the persn wh receives the funds.
All this raises the questin f what mre can be dne t empwer yung peple t start their wn businesses. Prviding funds t cver the initial csts, as the UN Yuth Jint Prgramme did fr Nizeyimana, is certainly imprtant as the starting csts fr businesses can be extremely high. Gvernments are smetimes hesitant t prvide funds t startups because success is nt guaranteed. Starting a business is risky, and nbdy wants t waste mney, but experts warn that gvernments shuld nt enfrce t many requirements. Different regins will need different appraches, s trying t enfrce a set f ne size fits all requirements can run cunter t the desire.
While there are ther ways t address unemplyment, encuraging yung business wners is ne f the mst effective — especially when thse businesses prduce gds that genuinely help lcal cmmunities.
43. What is paragraph 1 mainly abut?
A. The rle f the gvernment in creating jb pprtunities.
B. The imprtance f educatin fr reducing unemplyment rates.
C. The necessity f prviding wrk pprtunities t prevent crime.
D. The cnsequences f unemplyment n individuals and cmmunities.
44. Greencare Rwanda Ltd. is mentined in the passage t shw ________.
A. why setting gals fr the yuths is necessary
B. hw the supprt frm the UN prgramme wrks
C. internatinal funding’s success acrss all industries
D. difficulties yung graduates encunter in jb hunting
45. The phrase “run cunter t the desire” (paragraph 4) mst prbably refers t ________.
A. ppsing the general gal f supprting entrepreneurship
B. cnflicting with the hpe f diverse and regin-specific slutins
C. ging against the intentin f prviding equal pprtunities fr all
D. supprting the idea f sustainable develpment and ecnmic grwth
46. It can be inferred frm the passage that ________.
A. internatinal funding helps build successful mutual trade
B. educatin shulders an ultimate respnsibility in ne’s career
C. entrepreneurship eases jblessness and bsts cmmunity welfare
D. unemplyment is the primary cause f crime in develping cuntries
【答案】43. D 44. B 45. B 46. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了在許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家，失業(yè)是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題，并通過盧旺達(dá)的一個(gè)創(chuàng)業(yè)案例說明支持年輕人創(chuàng)業(yè)是幫助減少失業(yè)、解決社區(qū)問題的有效途徑。
【43題詳解】
主旨大意題 。根據(jù)文章第一段“Unemplyment is a significant prblem in many develping cuntries. Withut steady wrk, individuals struggle t rise ut f pverty, and the cmmunity as a whle als misses ut.(失業(yè)是許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家的一個(gè)重要問題。沒有穩(wěn)定的工作，個(gè)人難以擺脫貧困，整個(gè)社區(qū)也無法受益)”和“Wrse, withut pprtunities fr prper emplyment, yung peple smetimes turn t crime and vilence in rder t prvide fr themselves.(更糟糕的是，沒有適當(dāng)就業(yè)的機(jī)會(huì)，年輕人有時(shí)會(huì)為了養(yǎng)活自己而訴諸犯罪和暴力。)”可知，本段主要討論失業(yè)對(duì)個(gè)人和社區(qū)的影響。故選D。
【44題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Greencare Rwanda Ltd. was able t get ff the grund largely due t funds it received frm the UN Yuth Jint Prgramme.(Greencare Rwanda Ltd. 能夠起步，很大程度上是由于從聯(lián)合國(guó)青年聯(lián)合計(jì)劃獲得了資金支持)”可知，提到Greencare Rwanda Ltd. 是為了展示聯(lián)合國(guó)項(xiàng)目的支持效果。故選B。
【45題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“Different regins will need different appraches, s trying t enfrce a set f ne size fits all requirements can run cunter t the desire.(不同地區(qū)需要不同的方法，因此試圖強(qiáng)加一套一刀切的要求可能run cunter t the desire)”可推知，強(qiáng)調(diào)不同地區(qū)需要不同的方法，此處“run cunter t the desire”指的是與希望采取多樣化和地區(qū)特定解決方案的目標(biāo)相矛盾。故選B。
【46題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“While there are ther ways t address unemplyment, encuraging yung business wners is ne f the mst effective — especially when thse businesses prduce gds that genuinely help lcal cmmunities.(雖然解決失業(yè)問題還有其他方法，但鼓勵(lì)年輕企業(yè)主是最有效的方法之一，尤其是當(dāng)這些企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品真正幫助了當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)時(shí))”可推測(cè)，創(chuàng)業(yè)可以緩解失業(yè)問題并促進(jìn)社區(qū)福利。故選C。
D
（2025年金山一模）
Jennifer Blackburn is a 49-year-ld wh has fllwed decades f trying different diets and medicatins and finding little success. In late 2022 she started taking Ozempic, the diabetes (糖尿病) drug that has becme synnymus with celebrity weight lss. The effect is life-changing.
It’s been reprted that in the US, healthcare prviders wrte mre than nine millin prescriptins (處方) fr Ozempic and similar drugs during the last few mnths f 2022. Widespread as it is, there’s still mass cnfusin arund wh shuld take them, whether the ptential side effects are wrth it, and whether peple truly needing them can access and affrd the limited supply.
Accrding t WHO, mre than 890 millin adults were living with diagnsed besity in 2022. Their metablic hrmnes can be dysregulated, which means even if they diet and exercise, their bdies wn’t respnd. That’s where medicatin has been a game-changer.
Ozempic was apprved by the US FDA in 2017 fr the treatment f type 2 diabetes. Once the manufacturer, Nv Nrdisk, tapped int the drug’s added benefit f triggering substantial weight lss, it sn prduced several similar drugs. Fr mst peple, the dses need t cntinue indefinitely. Once smene stps taking the drug, his hunger signals can return t their baseline and the weight cmes back. Apart frm this dwnside, ther side effects include a range f digestive issues and a pssible risk f thughts f self-harm r even suicide. Besides, n ne can tell hw this use may play ut ver decades, r what side effects f rapid weight lss will mean in the lng run.
Despite all these, since lads f influencers have cheered their slimming successes n these drugs, it seems everybdy wants t try them. The heavy demand has led t shrtages. Thrughut 2023, peple with type 2 diabetes struggled t access Ozempic. Peridic shrtages are expected t cntinue in 2024, while thse wh can access these drugs face a significant financial cst. The cst is much t high t the vast majrity f Americans-a mnthly supply will set ne back mre than $1000.
Jennifer Blackburn has lst 16 kilgrams (and kept it ff). “I feel happier, mre cnfident.” says Black burn, “It’s abut much mre than size-it’s like the weight is lifted ff my shulders.” With such supprtive vices, the future f Ozempic remains unpredictable s far.
43. Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t the underlined phrase in paragraph 1?
A. be keen nB. be equivalent tC. be suitable frD. be familiar with
44. Why d peple withut diabetes still take Ozempic after knwing all its dwnsides?
A. Because they want t take it as a preventive measure against diabetes.
B. Because they are nt afraid f these yet unclear and uncertain side effects.
C. Because they are desperate t lse weight r they will develp ther health prblems.
D. Because they are tempted by the celebrities’ achieving such gd results after the use.
45. What can we infer frm Jennifer Blackburn’s wrds?
A. Besides lsing weight, she has als taken ff a huge mental burden.
B. She strngly recmmends Ozempic t thers due t her wn experiences.
C. Althugh supprting Ozempic herself, she is nt sure f this medicine’s future.
D. She is amng the celebrities wh have successfully lst weight by taking Ozempic.
46. This passage is written t ______.
A. explain Ozempic’s functins, ptential dwnsides and current supply situatins
B. suggest hw serius and cmmn the issue f besity is and hw t deal with it
C. persuade peple withut diabetes nt t further purchase the expensive Ozempic
D. illustrate Ozempic’s effectiveness with examples f celebrities and cmmn users
【答案】43. B 44. D 45. A 46. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一種治療糖尿病的藥物Ozempic因?yàn)榭梢宰屓藴p肥，導(dǎo)致需求激增，人們無視其副作用進(jìn)行購(gòu)買，導(dǎo)致真正的病人無力承擔(dān)這種藥物。
【43題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“The effect is life-changing.(其效果是改變生活)”以及最后一段“Jennifer Blackburn has lst 16 kilgrams (and kept it ff). “I feel happier, mre cnfident.” says Black burn, “It’s abut much mre than size-it’s like the weight is lifted ff my shulders.”(Jennifer Blackburn已經(jīng)減掉了16公斤（并一直保持著）。“我感到更快樂，更自信?！?Blackburn說：“這不僅僅是體型的問題——它就像卸下了我肩上的重?fù)?dān)。”)”及倒數(shù)第二段“Despite all these, since lads f influencers have cheered their slimming successes n these drugs, it seems everybdy wants t try them.(盡管如此，由于許多網(wǎng)紅都為他們服用這些藥物減肥成功而歡呼，似乎每個(gè)人都想嘗試它們)”可知，Jennifer Blackburn因?yàn)榉肙zempic減掉了16公斤，且許多網(wǎng)紅都服用藥物成功，這種藥物如今已經(jīng)成為名人減肥的代名詞。故劃線詞意思是“等同于，相當(dāng)于”。故選B。
【44題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Despite all these, since lads f influencers have cheered their slimming successes n these drugs, it seems everybdy wants t try them.(盡管如此，由于許多網(wǎng)紅都為他們服用這些藥物減肥成功而歡呼，似乎每個(gè)人都想嘗試它們)”可知，沒有糖尿病的人在知道Ozempic的副作用后還在服用它，因?yàn)樗麄儽幻嗽谑褂煤笕〉萌绱撕玫男ЧT惑。故選D。
【45題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Jennifer Blackburn has lst 16 kilgrams (and kept it ff). “I feel happier, mre cnfident.” says Black burn, “It’s abut much mre than size-it’s like the weight is lifted ff my shulders.”(Jennifer Blackburn已經(jīng)減掉了16公斤（并一直保持著）?！拔腋械礁鞓?，更自信?！?Blackburn說：“這不僅僅是體型的問題——它就像卸下了我肩上的重?fù)?dān)?！?”可知，除了減肥，Jennifer Blackburn還減輕了巨大的精神負(fù)擔(dān)。故選A。
【46題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The heavy demand has led t shrtages. Thrughut 2023, peple with type 2 diabetes struggled t access Ozempic. Peridic shrtages are expected t cntinue in 2024, while thse wh can access these drugs face a significant financial cst. The cst is much t high t the vast majrity f Americans-a mnthly supply will set ne back mre than $1000.(巨大的需求導(dǎo)致了短缺。整個(gè)2023年，2型糖尿病患者很難獲得Ozempic。預(yù)計(jì)周期性短缺將在2024年繼續(xù)，而能夠獲得這些藥物的人將面臨巨大的財(cái)務(wù)成本。對(duì)絕大多數(shù)美國(guó)人來說，成本太高了——一個(gè)月的供應(yīng)要花費(fèi)1000多美元)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了一種治療糖尿病的藥物Ozempic因?yàn)榭梢宰屓藴p肥，導(dǎo)致需求激增，人們無視其副作用進(jìn)行購(gòu)買，導(dǎo)致真正的病人無力承擔(dān)這種藥物?？芍?，這篇文章是為了說服沒有糖尿病的人不要再購(gòu)買昂貴的Ozempic。故選C。

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這是一份專題12 閱讀理解應(yīng)用文 -高考英語二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練（上海專用），文件包含專題12閱讀理解應(yīng)用文解析版docx、專題12閱讀理解應(yīng)用文原題版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共49頁(yè)， 歡迎下載使用。

專題10 閱讀理解記敘文 -高考英語二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練（上海專用）：

這是一份專題10 閱讀理解記敘文 -高考英語二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練（上海專用），文件包含專題10閱讀理解記敘文解析版docx、專題10閱讀理解記敘文原題版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共39頁(yè)， 歡迎下載使用。

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專題08 閱讀理解主旨大意題 -高考英語二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練（上海專用）

專題08 閱讀理解主旨大意題 -高考英語二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練（上海專用）
專題07 閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題 -高考英語二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練（上海專用）

專題07 閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題 -高考英語二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練（上海專用）
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