?專題11 閱讀理解之主旨大意題——逆轉(zhuǎn)思維

層級二
拉分題目分分搶
相較于細(xì)節(jié)理解題來說，閱讀理解題型中的推理判斷題、詞句猜測題、主旨大意題，題目相對比較難。對于這類題目，在考前復(fù)習(xí)中要特別關(guān)注，要迎難而上，認(rèn)真分析，努力爭創(chuàng)高分。



近3年高考主旨大意題題量統(tǒng)計(jì)
考綱解讀
　　年份
卷別　　　
2022
2021
2020
1.主旨大意題考查的是考生對文章內(nèi)容的深層次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，對整篇文章的主旨大意有一個較為清晰的印象。
2．主旨大意題分為標(biāo)題類和主題類。
(1)標(biāo)題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標(biāo)題；
(2)主題類，考查文章或段落的主旨大意。
新高考卷Ⅰ
1
1

新高考卷II
1
1

全國卷Ⅰ(全國乙卷)
1
2
2
全國卷Ⅱ(全國甲卷)
3
1
2
全國卷Ⅲ


3



主旨大意題主要考查形式有三種：文章大意類、段落大意類及標(biāo)題歸納類。主旨大意題在近三年全國卷中每套題均有涉及，雖然比重不大， 但是難度較高， 是大部分學(xué)生容易失分的題目類型， 應(yīng)給予足夠的重視， 爭取閱讀得滿分。
命題方式
解題捷徑
選項(xiàng)特征
1.The best title of the passage is ________．
2．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
3．The passage is mainly about ________．
4．What is the text mainly about?
5．The main idea of the second paragraph probably is _____．
6．What is the first paragraph mainly about？
1.首先找出文章的主題句，然后根據(jù)文章主題句確定文章大意。
2．如果沒有主題句再尋找全文重復(fù)性強(qiáng)的關(guān)鍵詞或者概括全文。
3．解題時我們可以利用逆轉(zhuǎn)思維，即如果我們作為作者按這個大意或標(biāo)題寫這一篇文章或這一段文章該寫哪方面內(nèi)容，然后對比原文和選項(xiàng)，從而做出正確的判斷。
正確選項(xiàng)特征
1．涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段。
2．范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太小。
3．精確性強(qiáng)，不會改變語言表意的程度及色彩。
干擾選項(xiàng)特征
1．以偏概全　　
2.主題過大
3斷章取義
4.無中生有

微技能一 文章大意題——定位主旨知文意
文章大意題主要是測試考生對一篇文章的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維的方法，對文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)。

解答文章大意題，找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是關(guān)鍵。下面介紹兩種快速找出主題句的方法。
(1)根據(jù)文體和寫作手法來定位主題句

(2)根據(jù)行文標(biāo)志來定位主題句
轉(zhuǎn)折詞
句中如有but，however，in fact，actually等時，其后的內(nèi)容往往是作者真正想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)。
總結(jié)詞
如therefore，thus，in short，conclude 等，其后的內(nèi)容往往是文章的主題。
疑問句
若首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答可能是文章的主題。


全文中無明顯主題句時，我們可以利用文章中的高頻詞。任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，有的文章中最明顯的特點(diǎn)之一是有一個反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。

在兩個選項(xiàng)看上去都十分正確無法選擇時，試著從選項(xiàng)出發(fā)，想象一下如果自己以此選項(xiàng)來寫文章會有哪些內(nèi)容，然后把它與文章的內(nèi)容比較，接近的即為正確選項(xiàng)。21網(wǎng)版權(quán)
【典例1】　(2020·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀B)
Some parents will buy any high－tech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with math－related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(認(rèn)知)after controlling for differences in parents’ income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child－parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46
months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.21·世紀(jì)*教
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher－income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
27．What is the text mainly about?
A．A mathematical method. B．A scientific study.
C．A woman psychologist. D．A teaching program.
【分析】　
第一步　讀文章，概括文意：本文介紹了芝加哥大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究，該研究表明，對于2到4歲的孩子來說，玩拼圖游戲?qū)λ麄兘窈罂臻g技能的提高有益；高收入家庭的孩子接觸拼圖游戲的時間更長，而且男孩子比女孩子玩的拼圖更復(fù)雜。
第二步　利用關(guān)鍵詞法定主旨：文章多次出現(xiàn)了researchers，expert，study，findings等詞，主要介紹的是一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究。
第三步　排除錯誤選項(xiàng)：選項(xiàng)A、D無中生有曲解文意； 選項(xiàng)C以偏概全主次不分。故選B。
微技能二 段落大意題——首尾兼顧定段意
段落大意題主要考查段落的主要意思，是對一個段落的基本內(nèi)容的簡縮和概括。概括、總結(jié)、歸納段落大意就是用準(zhǔn)確的、簡練的語言把一個段落的主要意思明確而完整地表達(dá)出來。
做題時要特別注意“首尾兼顧”，即所問段落的首句和尾句。一是因?yàn)樗鼈兺w現(xiàn)主旨要義，二是因?yàn)槔眠@些信息可以迅速提煉段落結(jié)構(gòu)框架，在框架下的主旨判斷，其準(zhǔn)確性更高。

【典例2】　(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ閱讀D)
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (視角) from which to study how people manage their lives.Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
35．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A．Its appeal to the public.
B．Expectations for future studies.
C．Its practical application.
D．Scientists with new perspectives.
【分析】　
第一步　找出段落主旨句：分析可知，最后一段中第一句“Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.”為主旨句。
第二步　對比選項(xiàng)，確定答案：由文章主旨句可知，雖然情商的持續(xù)流行吸引力是可取的，但我們希望這種關(guān)注能引起人們對情感的科學(xué)和學(xué)術(shù)研究的更大的興趣。又根據(jù)下文的It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (視角) from which to study how people manage their lives.可知，我們希望在未來的數(shù)十年后，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步提供新的視角來研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾硭麄兊纳?。由此可知，這些是對未來研究的期望。故選B。
微技能三 標(biāo)題歸納題——文章主題定標(biāo)題
該類題目要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章的體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)，從所給選項(xiàng)中選出適合文章的標(biāo)題。注意最佳標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)：精準(zhǔn)性強(qiáng)(不改變原文的意義和感情色彩)；覆蓋性強(qiáng)(能概括全文并體現(xiàn)文章的主旨)；有吸引力(能吸引讀者眼球)。要首先找出文章的主題句，然后根據(jù)文章主題句確定文章標(biāo)題，如果沒有主題句再尋找全文重復(fù)性強(qiáng)的關(guān)鍵詞或者概括全文。
利用4大技巧解題
關(guān)鍵詞法
反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，多次重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)就是體現(xiàn)主旨的關(guān)鍵詞
主題句法
根據(jù)文章主題句，確定中心詞充當(dāng)標(biāo)題
穿珠
連串法
分析文章細(xì)節(jié)，確定共同點(diǎn)，如同穿珠般，串聯(lián)細(xì)節(jié)共同點(diǎn)，確定標(biāo)題
逆向法
根據(jù)四個選項(xiàng)，考慮其可能內(nèi)容，對照原文，最相似者為最佳選項(xiàng)

結(jié)合3大特點(diǎn)解題

排除3種錯誤選項(xiàng)


【典例3】　(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ閱讀C)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever－increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (棲息地)．
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act(Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (遷徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J．N.“Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological
Survey.Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
31．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【分析】　
本文主要講述的是美國鴨票的故事(The Federal Duck Stamp Story)，全文都是圍繞著這個主旨展開的。
·首段介紹了美國鴨票發(fā)行的背景；
·第二段介紹了美國鴨票發(fā)行的經(jīng)過；
·第三段講述了美國鴨票發(fā)行帶來的種種好處。
最后一句“Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.”更是點(diǎn)明了主題。故選 A。


精做高考真題
Passage 1、（2022·全國·高考乙卷）
Can a small group of drones (無人機(jī)) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A． What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。
【詳情解析】
【D】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Can a small group of drones(無人機(jī))guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群無人機(jī)能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時，幫助鐵路運(yùn)營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元？這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來，以確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運(yùn)行。)”以及后文第二段講到了使用無人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無人機(jī)大幅節(jié)省維護(hù)成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的價值，可知文章主要講述了無人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來，所以D項(xiàng)“無人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來?！狈衔恼轮行乃枷?，適合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。
Passage 2、（2022·全國新高考II卷）
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
What is a suitable title for the text?
A．To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B．Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C．New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D．The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
【語篇解讀】
本文一篇說明文。為解決司機(jī)在開車時使用手機(jī)造成“分神”，引發(fā)交通事故的問題，紐約的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術(shù)來監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時候是否使用了手機(jī)。
【詳情解析】
【B】主旨大意題。縱觀全文，第一段和第二段闡述的是“雖然大多數(shù)州已經(jīng)嘗試了各種各樣的方法來說服人們在開車時放下手機(jī)?？墒菃栴}卻越來越嚴(yán)重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are driving more.”（部分原因是開車的人越來越多）可知，解釋了該行為產(chǎn)生的部分原因。第四段至第五段講述的是為了解決該問題是紐約立法者提出了一個新的想法即利用Textalyzer技術(shù)，來監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時候是否使用了手機(jī)。最后一段講述的是：相關(guān)人士呼吁該項(xiàng)技術(shù)能夠成為真正的法案由此才能真正地改變?nèi)藗兊男袨椤９蔅選項(xiàng)Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer（發(fā)短信還是在開車？防范短信監(jiān)控器。）適合文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。
Passage 3、（2021·全國高考II卷）
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (變革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Bring Artists to Schools B．When Historians Meet Artists
C．Arts Education in Britain D．The World's Best Arts Teacher
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了英國一名女子在被評為世界最佳教師后獲得了100萬英鎊的獎金，她將用這筆獎金發(fā)起一個項(xiàng)目，讓藝術(shù)家進(jìn)入學(xué)校。
【詳情解析】
【A】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（倫敦北部中學(xué)教師安德里亞·扎菲拉庫(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一場課堂革命?！拔覀儗⒆龀龈淖?，”她說?！拔乙呀?jīng)啟動了一個項(xiàng)目，以促進(jìn)我們學(xué)校的藝術(shù)教學(xué)?！保笨芍?，文章講述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的獎金啟動了一個項(xiàng)目，將藝術(shù)家?guī)нM(jìn)學(xué)校，促進(jìn)藝術(shù)教學(xué)。故選A。
Passage 4、（2021·全國·高考甲卷）
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性別)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
What is the best title for the text?
A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms
C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇議論文。文章由問題“誰是天才?”引入，論述了世人對天才的狹隘定義，提出事實(shí)上“天才”有很多種形式，不要讓思維限制了我們的“天才”能力。
【詳情解析】
【B】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，結(jié)合文章第一段提出問題“Who is a genius?(誰是天才)”和最后一段的“And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.(我們看得越多，就越會發(fā)現(xiàn)，像性別、種族和階級這樣的社會因素并不能決定天才的外表。正如一位作家所說，未來的天才來自那些具有“智慧、創(chuàng)造力、毅力和那些能夠改變世界的簡單天才。)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大貢獻(xiàn)的人，他們也可以是某一方面比較突出的普通人。由此可知B項(xiàng)“天才有多種形式”可以作為本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。
Passage 5、（2020·全國·高考III卷）
When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (動作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (圖像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The cost of making “Apes.” B．The creation of digitalized apes.
C．The publicity about “Apes.” D．The performance of real apes.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了電影“猩球崛起”上個月首次與公眾見面。動物愛好者聚集在好萊塢前，感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時，沒有使用真的類人猿?，F(xiàn)在的動物拍攝使用的是數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造技術(shù)，而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐待動物的現(xiàn)象，這讓一個非盈利的組織密切關(guān)注此事。但有些拍攝也是不能夠被監(jiān)測到的。
【詳情解析】
【B】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (動作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (圖像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團(tuán)隊(duì)利用動作捕捉技術(shù)創(chuàng)造數(shù)字化的動物，在記錄演員表演的技術(shù)上，花費(fèi)數(shù)千萬美元，然后用電腦圖形處理，以產(chǎn)生最終的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是關(guān)于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造。故選B項(xiàng)。
　挑戰(zhàn)名?？碱}
Passage 1、（2022·江西·贛州市贛縣第三中學(xué)高三期中適應(yīng)性英語試卷）
Figure skater Yuzuru Hanyu, who won men’s singles Olympic gold medals in 2014 and 2018, said Tuesday he was retiring from competition.
He won the men’s singles gold at the Sochi Games in 2014 and again at the Pyeongchang Games in South Korea in 2018, becoming the first men’s skater to achieve consecutive (連續(xù)不斷的) golds in the category since Dick Button in 1948 and 1952. At this year’s Winter Games in Beijing, he attempted to become the first man to complete a quadruple axel-4 rotations (旋轉(zhuǎn)) in the air at the Olympics, a jump that he had previously come close to achieving in Japan. In Beijing, he came just short of completing the required rotations for the quadruple axel and fell on his rear, but he expressed satisfaction with his effort afterward and hinted he was ready to retire.
“In terms of how it feels for me, I don’t imagine it being all that different.” he said. “Of course, I feel strongly that I’d like to achieve success with the quadruple axel.”
Beyond his jumping ability, Hanyu’s gift for the dramatics and his gentle appearance made him popular among admirers. Some said he looked as if he had danced off the pages of a Japanese cartoon. They would throw Winnie the Pooh stuffed bears—reportedly his favorite cartoon character—on the ice after his performances. In China, crowds gathered outside the Beijing venue to express devotion to their favorite, and one Chinese follower on social media called Hanyu “the most beautiful icy fairy in my heart”.
In recent years, Hanyu has been suffering from injuries. He said he had constantly thought about retiring from competition since the 2018 Winter Games. “If we’re talking about when I considered turning professional. I was thinking about that at every single competition,” Hanyu said. He said he made the final decision after the Beijing Games as he was recovering from his ankle injury.
What would be the best title of this passage?
A．Ice Prince Yuzuru Hanyu Retires from Competition
B．Figure Skater Yuzuru Hanyu, Satisfied with Victory
C．Being Injured, the Ice Prince Sticks to His Dream
D．The Consecutive Golds Winner Has Made His Glory
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。本文報(bào)道了花樣滑冰選手羽生結(jié)弦宣布退役的新聞。
【詳情解析】
【A】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段內(nèi)容“Figure skater Yuzuru Hanyu, who won men’s singles Olympic gold medals in 2014 and 2018, said Tuesday he was retiring from competition.”（獲得2014年和2018年奧運(yùn)會男子單人滑冰金牌的花樣滑冰選手羽生結(jié)弦周二表示，他將退役。）可知，本文報(bào)道了花樣滑冰選手羽生結(jié)弦宣布退役的新聞，A項(xiàng)“Ice Prince Yuzuru Hanyu Retires from Competition”意為“冰雪王子羽生結(jié)弦退役”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。
Passage 2、（2022--2023學(xué)年度山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三第一次診斷性考試）
To fully appreciate Australian cuisine, you have to consider the unique nature of its wildlife and geography. For one thing, there are the wide plains in the interior of the country, which are home to millions of grazing animals. For another, there is Australia’s long coastline, which is next to all the riches of the sea. It is no wonder then that much of Australian cuisine centres around red meat and seafood.
One of the most popular red meats in Australia is also unique to the continent: kangaroo. This may seem strange as the kangaroo is a national symbol of Australia. However, in recent years, kangaroos have increased in number to around 45 million. These kangaroos wander onto the roads and into cities, making trouble. Their increased numbers have also harmed plants and other wildlife. As a consequence, the government is encouraging people to use these animals as food, and kangaroo has become one of the most popular items on the Australian dinner table.
As for seafood, many of the first Europeans who came to Australia loved the sea. Perhaps this is one reason why so many Australians live near the coast. Since the coastline is so long, each region has its own dishes that are related to the seafood found in its waters. The list of seafood available at the local fish market is like a tour of the coast: salmon, prawns, oysters, tuna, shark, crab, and many more. However, if you want to really take in the full experience, you should go to the fish market in Sydney early in the morning and see the fish being prepared for sale. Better yet, you can sign up to go deep-sea fishing.
But then, how is all this food cooked? Perhaps the favourite way of cooking food in Australia is the barbecue, or “barbie”. Given the fine weather, Australians love to eat outside. Casual friendliness is the key to such meals. It is a time for friends and relatives to get together and have fun. Even strangers passing through will be offered a seat, a cold drink, and something off the grill. Often these barbecues feature a “mixed grill”, which means cooking all kinds of meat, seafood, and vegetables. So, at an Australian barbecue, you don’t have to eat kangaroo—or even eat meat at all—if you don’t want to.
Beyond this, what is Australian cooking? As Australia is a diverse country with people from many nations, Australian cooking now has flavors and cuisines from around the globe. No matter who you are and no matter what cuisine interests you, you are always sure to find a warm welcome and a full plate waiting for you in Australia.
Which is the suitable topic of this passage?
A．What’s cooking in Australia?
B．Are kangaroos important to Australians?
C．Is nature of Australian wildlife and geography unique?
D．Why is barbecue the favourite way of cooking food in Australia?
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了澳大利亞的美食，和這些美食誕生的原因。
【詳情解析】
【A】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“To fully appreciate Australian cuisine, you have to consider the unique nature of its wildlife and geography.(要想充分欣賞澳大利亞的美食，你必須考慮到它獨(dú)特的野生動物和地理環(huán)境)”以及最后一段“Beyond this, what is Australian cooking? As Australia is a diverse country with people from many nations, Australian cooking now has flavors and cuisines from around the globe.(除此之外，什么是澳大利亞烹飪?由于澳大利亞是一個多元化的國家，有來自許多國家的人，澳大利亞的烹飪現(xiàn)在有來自世界各地的口味和菜系)”可知，本文主要講澳大利亞有什么美食。故選A項(xiàng)。
Passage 3、（2022-2023學(xué)年度河南安陽市Top二十名校高三聯(lián)考試卷）
Vertical farming is the method of growing plants and crops over each other, mostly in buildings with many storeys. They often look like skyscrapers with glass around them, similar to a giant greenhouse. Such farming methods can already be seen in cities. For agriculture experts, vertical farming will be in widespread use in the future because the world’s population is growing constantly and there is more need for farming land.
The idea comes from Dickson Despommier, a professor at Columbia University, who in 1999, developed a method of growing food in city skyscrapers that could be as tall as thirty storeys. Today, such projects are carried out in many countries, for example Korea, Japan, Abu Dhabi and Singapore.
Vertical farming offers many advantages. Crops can be grown on a smaller area of land, water can be recycled and used over and over again. Plants grow on minerals and do not need soil. Many farming products can be harvested more than once per year. With some fruits, like strawberries, up to 30 harvests would be possible.
This new form of farming can also help nature and the environment recover from mistakes humans make when farming. Many resources could be saved, forests could be preserved and desertification limited. Burning less fossil fuels would result in fewer emissions, a reduction of global warming and healthier environments. Especially tropical regions with their high risk of getting diseases like malaria would benefit.
Vertical farming can protect crops from bad weather or disasters like hurricanes, storms, droughts or floods. The same weather conditions all year round provide ideal conditions for perfect crops.
With traditional farming, 30% of all food does not find its way to the consumer, either because it becomes spoilt during transport or is infested with bacteria. Vertical farming produces food where it is needed.
What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about vertical farming?
A．Its high production and availability. B．Its strengths to the environment.
C．Its safety to some tropical regions. D．Its effectiveness to stop disease.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。文章說明了立體農(nóng)場的好處。
【詳情解析】
【B】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“This new form of farming can also help nature and the environment recover from mistakes humans make when farming. Many resources could be saved, forests could be preserved and desertification limited. Burning less fossil fuels would result in fewer emissions, a reduction of global warming and healthier environments. Especially tropical regions with their high risk of getting diseases like malaria would benefit.(這種新的農(nóng)業(yè)形式還可以幫助自然和環(huán)境從人類在農(nóng)業(yè)中犯下的錯誤中恢復(fù)過來。許多資源可以被節(jié)約，森林可以被保護(hù)，沙漠化可以被限制。燃燒更少的化石燃料將導(dǎo)致更少的排放，減少全球變暖和更健康的環(huán)境。特別是患瘧疾等疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高的熱帶地區(qū)將受益。)”可知，本段主要講述立體農(nóng)場多環(huán)境的好處。故選B。
Passage 4、（2022--2023學(xué)年度湖北·武漢市武鋼三中高三10月份月考試卷）
Vanilla (香草) is one of the world’s most popular spices and an important ingredient in products ranging from chocolate to perfume. However, the wholesale price of vanilla has reached up to $ 600 per kilogram, when just a few years ago it was sold at tenth of that. What is happening?
Madagascar supplies more than 80% of the world’s natural vanilla. Today, vanilla represents 20% of Madagascan exports, worth around $600 million at current prices. However, it is a difficult crop to grow. A vine takes three to four years to mature. The flowers open for just one day a year, so pollination (授粉) is done completely by hand. Nine months later, the green beans must be hand-picked when perfectly ripe to get their content. Months of processing and gradual drying in the sun are then necessary to produce the spice. Six hundred hand- pollinated blossoms yield six kilos of green beans, which can turn into one kilo of dried beans.
The price of Madagascan vanilla was once set by the government. But such were the high prices that in the 1980s buyers turned their attention to the cheaper, poorer-quality version available elsewhere, in particular Indonesia. Madagascar’s government was finally forced to end its price-fixing policy. Food giants such as Nestle and Unilever increased their use of man- made vanilla, adding to the pressure. For 30 years, Madagascar’s vanilla farmers earned just a small amount of money, and many ended up leaving the business. But even with fewer producers, the price of natural vanilla stayed low.
It was not until public tastes started shifting to all things natural that farmers’ fortunes revived. From around 2011, some producers began to focus once more on natural vanilla. In 2015, Nestle announced plans to use only natural ingredients in five years and Hershey’s followed suit. Its demand and prices have therefore rocketed in part because natural supplies are insufficient.
What does this passage mainly talk about?
A．The cost of making vanilla spice. B．The international vanilla business.
C．The truth behind the price of vanilla. D．The process of planting natural vanilla.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。香草是世界上最受歡迎的香料之一，也是巧克力和香水等產(chǎn)品的重要原料。然而，香草的批發(fā)價已經(jīng)達(dá)到了每公斤600美元，而就在幾年前，它的售價只有這一價格的十分之一。文章介紹了香草價格背后的真相。
【詳情解析】
【C】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However, the wholesale price of vanilla has reached up to $ 600 per kilogram, when just a few years ago it was sold at tenth of that. What is happening?(然而，香草的批發(fā)價已經(jīng)達(dá)到了每公斤600美元，而就在幾年前，它的售價只有這一價格的十分之一。發(fā)生了什么？)”及下文介紹可知，文章介紹了香草價格背后的真相。故選C。
Passage 5、（2022-2023學(xué)年度·湖南·長郡中學(xué)高三期中考試）
A 2020 study in the journal Science concluded that marine heat waves have increased more than 20-fold as a result of climate warming. The authors found that in the first decade after satellites began recording ocean temperatures (i.e., after 1981), there were 27 large marine heat waves, with an average duration of 32 days and an average peak temperature anomaly of 8.5°F; in the 2010s, there were 172, which lasted 48 days on average with an average peak temperature almost 10°F above normal.
Much remains unclear about marine heat waves. For example, explains Nicholas Bond, research scientist at the University of Washington and Washington’s state climatologist, there is the question of why so many persist for weeks or months. “There must be something else going on that helps maintain them,” he says. He notes that one explanation is that as the ocean surface warms, it radiates heat into the atmosphere that prevents cloud cover from forming, exposing the seawater to increased sunlight and further warming.
However, enough is known about marine heat waves for scientists to be gravely concerned about their potential impacts. Of special note is the fact that those impacts can last long after the heat waves have disappeared. After three years of the Blob, the waters of the northeastern Pacific began to cool in 2016; but years later, scientists are still determining the extent to which the region’s ecosystem is likely to return fully to its pre-Blob status. Similarly, notes Scannell, who is a data scientist with Jupiter Intelligence, Inc., following the 2010-11 Western Australia event, “l(fā)ots of kelp(巨藻) forests died, and it takes literally decades for those ecosystems to bounce back”.
Eric Oliver, a scientist from Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia, Canada, expressed his own opinion about the potential impact of the heat waves in tropical waters. “I think that’s really a tough issue,” he says. Life in the tropics, he notes, is adapted to “quite a narrow range of temperatures. So that’s where things can get really messy. We can have complete shifts in tropical systems.”
What does the 2nd paragraph mainly talk about?
A．Various factors that lead to marine heat waves.
B．The possible impacts of a warm ocean surface.
C．The possible reason why marine heat waves last long.
D．Scientists’ efforts in exploring the causes of heat waves.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。文章分析了海洋熱浪增加的原因以及其對生態(tài)的影響。
【詳情解析】
【C】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的主要內(nèi)容，特別是前兩句話“Much remains unclear about marine heat waves. For example, explains Nicholas Bond, research scientist at the University of Washington and Washington’s state climatologist, there is the question of why so many persist for weeks or months.‘There must be something else going on that helps maintain them’,” he says.（關(guān)于海洋熱浪還有很多不清楚的地方。 例如，華盛頓大學(xué)的研究科學(xué)家、華盛頓州氣候?qū)W家尼古拉斯·邦德解釋說，有一個問題是為什么這么多的現(xiàn)象持續(xù)了幾周或幾個月。他說:‘肯定還有其他東西在幫助維持它們’）”可知，第二段主要講的是海洋熱浪持續(xù)時間長可能的原因。故選C項(xiàng)。
Passage 6、（2022·廣東·深圳中學(xué)考前模擬演練）
Scientists have made great discoveries. But how have they influenced our personal lives? Do kids in your classroom even know when Einstein lived? You may be wondering: but why is it important to teach kids about modern-day scientists?
First, stories of scientists can encourage kids. Chris Hadfield is a Canadian who went to space, and he’s a real, guitar-playing person. He makes singing videos on YouTube! His story can make kids think scientists are also common people. Hearing scientists’ stories makes kids think “I can do that too!”
But not only that, the stories of famous scientists can encourage kids to never give up. Bill Nye was always refused when trying to be an astronaut. But today, he’s made a lot of successes in his role as a popular science educator and engineer. Besides, it’s no secret that scientific discoveries require trying, and trying again.
Another way some scientists can encourage kids is through their diversity. Neil deGrasse Tyson, for example, is an African-American, which is not common in his field. Such stories can make kids think anyone can be a scientist.
It’s important to know that scientists don’t need to be “gifted” or “good” at school. Often we consider a scientist as being an extremely smart kid at school. That doesn’t have to be true. They just need to have a great interest in science. Telling students stories of scientists can encourage them to show interest in science. As long as they’re interested, they are likely to become a scientist in the future.
Modern scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid. This is important — no one can do it alone. Scientists’ stories can encourage today’s young scientists to keep trying. They’ll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of making discoveries. Even if they haven’t made important discoveries, their research may help the following scientists.
What is the text mainly about?
A．Why scientists are important to us. B．Why students should be taught about scientists.
C．Why students love stories of scientists. D．Why scientists can encourage students.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了教授學(xué)生關(guān)于科學(xué)家們的知識的原因，列舉了一些著名的科學(xué)家的個人經(jīng)歷能夠給學(xué)生帶來的啟發(fā)。想要通過他們的故事告訴我們，科學(xué)家也可以像我們周圍的人一樣平凡，鼓勵孩子永不放棄和表現(xiàn)出對科學(xué)的興趣，還能教導(dǎo)孩子們，知識是建立在別人打下的基礎(chǔ)上的。
【詳情解析】
【D】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Modem scientists teach kids that knowledge builds upon the foundation others have laid. This is important — no one can do it alone. Scientists’ stories can encourage today’s young scientists to keep trying. They’ll be encouraged not to give up on the dream of making discoveries. Even if they haven’t made important discoveries, their research may help the following scientists. (現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家教導(dǎo)孩子們，知識是建立在別人打下的基礎(chǔ)上的。這一點(diǎn)很重要——沒有人能獨(dú)自完成。科學(xué)家的故事可以鼓勵今天的年輕科學(xué)家繼續(xù)努力。我們將鼓勵他們不要放棄探索發(fā)現(xiàn)的夢想。即使他們沒有重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們的研究也可以幫助之后的科學(xué)家)”可知，最后一段告訴我們，新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)可能是基于其他人的發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選D。
Passage 7、（2022--2023學(xué)年度柳州高級中學(xué)、廣西·南寧二中高三聯(lián)考試卷）
What did you eat for lunch today? Did you choose this dish because it was healthy, cheap or because it was just very delicious? Are you a selective eater or an adventurous foodie?
I love exploring trends in food. Fusion cuisine is not for everybody. My Italian grandmother would turn her nose up at the thought of pizzas with mangoes topping but this marriage of tastes is perfectly fine in the 21st century. Chef and food writer Ching-He Huang, who presented a series on Chinese Food for the BBC, is a fan of fusion cuisine. She says: “Fusion has been happening for centuries, for as long as people have travelled, but with the internet and global travel, the exchange of ideas makes the process much faster.”
Wolfgang Puck is seen by many as one of the chefs who made fusion cuisine elegant. He opened his own restaurant in Los Angeles in the 1970s. This European devoted himself to Asian cuisine and became one of the first in a long line of celebrity chefs, because he adjusts the Asian cuisine to western customers’ appetites by mixing different types of flavors. He said in an interview with the Wall Street Journal that initially he got negative responses from traditional American-Chinese restaurant owners but he is not bitter.“ Cooking is like painting or writing a song. Just as there are only so many notes or colors, there are only so many flavors-it’s how you combine them that distinguishes you.” he explains.
My granny’s cup of tea would be the Slow Food Movement. Founded by Carlo Petrini in the 1980s and still going strong, it seeks to preserve traditional cuisine and the use of ingredients that are grown locally. But Petrini thinks fusion cuisine is trendy.
All these trends give us food for thought. We might be wasting an exciting opportunity to wake up our taste buds (味蕾) when we scoff (狼吞虎咽) a sandwich at our desks. Tomorrow, why not find an exotic (異國風(fēng)味) restaurant and enjoy a feast?
Which of the following best summarized the passage?
A．Fusion cuisine is becoming more and more popular. Why not have a try?
B．People attach great significance to Slow Food Movement. Why not call for it?
C．Chefs are making fusion cuisine elegant. Why not preserve traditional cuisine?
D．Fusion cuisine is criticized by many people. Why not avoid it?
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹融合菜（Fusion cuisine）并號召大家嘗試。
【詳情解析】
【A】主旨大意題。由文章第一段“What did you eat for lunch today? Did you choose this dish because it was healthy, cheap or because it was just very delicious? Are you a selective eater or an adventurous foodie?(你今天午飯吃了什么？你選擇這道菜是因?yàn)樗】?、便宜還是因?yàn)樗浅Ｃ牢?？你是一個挑剔的食客還是一個愛冒險(xiǎn)的美食家？)”，第二段的“She says: “Fusion has been happening for centuries, for as long as people have travelled, but with the internet and global travel, the exchange of ideas makes the process much faster.”(她說：“融合菜已經(jīng)發(fā)生了幾個世紀(jì)，從人們旅行開始，但隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和全球旅行，思想交流使這個過程變得更快?！?”和文章最后一段“All these trends give us food for thought. We might be wasting an exciting opportunity to wake up our taste buds when we scoff a sandwich at our desks. Tomorrow, why not find an exotic restaurant and enjoy a feast?(所有這些趨勢都讓我們深思。當(dāng)我們在桌子上吃三明治時，我們可能會浪費(fèi)一個激動人心的機(jī)會來喚醒我們的味蕾。明天，為什么不找一家充滿異國情調(diào)的餐廳，享受一頓盛宴呢？)”以及結(jié)合全文可知，這篇文章主要講述融合菜正在變得越來越流行并號召讀者嘗試。故選A項(xiàng)。
Passage 8、（2022--2023學(xué)年度海南瓊海市嘉積中學(xué)高三第一次月考試卷）
It’s common that a Japanese-American bows on the phone—but only in Japanese. Behaviors and manners can become so routine that they appear even when there’s no need for them. Those who are bilingual (雙語的) and bicultural know first-hand that how we behave can depend on what language we are speaking. Scientists have shown that who you are in the moment can depend on the language you are using at that time.
This is because when you have an experience, the language you are using becomes associated with it. For bilingual people, this means certain memories are more closely associated with one language than the other—a phenomenon called “l(fā)anguage-dependent memory”. For example, a childhood memory is more likely to be remembered when the language spoken during that childhood event is spoken again.
How we think and feel can thus change depending on what language we are using. For example, people who are bilingual have an intensified stress response when listening to the words of scolding in a native language. This may be, in part, because our early memories associated with learning a “bad” word or being scolded by our parents happened in our native language.
Because emotions play a key role in how we make decisions, people are often more sensible when making choices in the less emotional foreign language. Language can even influence our decisions. When asked whether they would be willing to give one person’s life to save a group, people who speak more than one language are much more likely to say “yes” when answering in a foreign language. The unpleasant feelings that can prevent us from making difficult choices are reduced when we’re using a non-native language.
The language we speak has an influence on how we think, feel, and even behave. In a way, knowing different languages can provide people with a variety of views through which to see the world.
What is the best title for the text?
A．You are what you are speaking. B．Language determines your character.
C．A new language, a new self. D．More languages, better future.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個人使用的語言決定了他的身份。
【詳情解析】
【A】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“Scientists have shown that who you are in the moment can depend on the language you are using at that time.(科學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明，你當(dāng)時是什么樣的人，取決于你當(dāng)時使用的語言。)”和最后一段“The language we speak has an influence on how we think, feel, and even behave.(我們所說的語言會影響我們的想法、感覺甚至行為。)”可知，本文主要介紹的是你使用的語言決定了你的身份，所以這篇文章最好的題目是“You are what you are speaking.(你所說的決定你的身份)”。故選A。
Passage 9、（2022-2023學(xué)年度重慶南開中學(xué)高三11月份月考試題）
According to the American Chemistry Council, in 2018 in the United States, 27million tons of plastic ended up in landfills compared lo just 3.1 million tons that were recycled. Worldwide the numbers are similarly bad, with just 9% of plastic being recycled according to a recent OFCD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)report. The statistics are even worse for certain types of pastie. For example, out of 80,000 lens of polystyrene containers generated in the United States, a negligible amount(less than 5,000 tons) was recycled.
Now, researchers at the University of Queensland have found that a species of worm with an appetite for polystyrene could be the key to plastic recycling on a mass scale. They discovered that the Zophobas morio also called “super-worm” can eat through polystyrene, thanks to a bacterial enzyme (酶) in its “Stomach”. Dr. Chris Rilke and his team from UQ’s School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience fed super-worms different diets over a three-week period, with some given polystyrene, some outer skin of grain separated from the flour, and others pul on a fasling diet.
“We found the super-worms fed a dict of just polystyrene not only survived, but even had slight weight gains,” Dr. Rilke said. “This suggests the worms can get energy from the polypropylene,most likely with the help of their internal micro-organisms. They are like mini recycling plants, tearing up the polystyrene with their mouths and then feeding it to the bacteria in their ‘stomach’. ”
Co-author of the research, PhD candidate Jiarui Sun, said they aimed to grow the bacteria in the lab and further test their ability to break down polystyrene. “We can then look into how we can upgrade this process lo a level required for an entire recycling plant,” Ms. Sun said.
What is the text mainly about?
A．The severity of plastic pollution. B．The future of recycling industry.
C．Super-worm’s commercial success. D．Super-worm’s ability to digest plastic.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了目前全球的塑料回收率很低，全文圍繞科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種專門吃塑料的“超級蠕蟲”展開。
【詳情解析】
【D】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段前兩句“Now, researchers at the University of Queensland have found that a species of worm with an appetite for polystyrene could be the key to plastic recycling on a mass scale. They discovered that the Zophobas morio also called “super-worm” can eat through polystyrene, thanks to a bacterial enzyme (酶) in its “Stomach”.(現(xiàn)在，昆士蘭大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，一種喜歡聚苯乙烯的蠕蟲可能是大規(guī)?；厥账芰系年P(guān)鍵。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種被稱為“超級蠕蟲”的Zophobas morio可以通過聚苯乙烯吃東西，這要感謝它“胃”里的一種細(xì)菌酶)”可知，全文圍繞科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種專門吃塑料的“超級蠕蟲”展開。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“Super-worm’s ability to digest plastic.(超級蠕蟲消化塑料的能力)”符合題意。故選D。
Passage 10、（2022-2023學(xué)年度四川·廣安市第二中學(xué)高三期中測試）
Abandoned by a breeder (飼養(yǎng)動物的人) at only eight weeks old because she was deaf, Puppy had a tough start in life. But less than a month after being saved, the little dog is learning to recognize sign language commands with her new family.
Marie Williams, 41, and her partner Mark Morgan, 43, who are themselves both deaf, adopted the little dog from the animal charity The Blue Cross. The couple and their three sons Liam, 16, Lewis, 13, and Owen, 5, who have normal hearing, are teaching the loving dog sign language commands, including instructions for sit, come and roll over.
Marie Williams, from West Mersea, Essex, said, “We were thinking about getting a dog but when we saw Puppy was deaf we just could not believe it. She was so beautiful and the fact that she was deaf just made us fall in love with her even more—we knew that she would fit right into our family. ”
The distinctive dog, who has one blue eye, was dirty, sick and nervous when she was abandoned by a breeder who decided the deaf dog would not make him any money.
Miss Williams said, “I feel so angry that someone abandoned her because in his eyes she was not ‘perfect’. It goes to show with a little effort it is easy to cope with a deaf puppy—she has already learned the signs for several basic commands. I want everyone to see how well we have bonded with Puppy and how well she is getting on—she is so special to us. ”
Julie Stone, manager of The Blue Cross, said, “It was amazing to see how Marie, Mark and their children immediately bonded with Puppy and how they knew just how to get her attention. They are a brilliant match and Puppy has found the perfect home where I know that she will get the love she deserves. ”
The Blue Cross, which depends entirely on public donations, rehomes thousands of dogs, cats, horses, and small animals every year through its network of adoption centers.
What is the text mainly about?
A．A deaf dog’s new home. B．How to treat a deaf dog well.
C．The importance of the animal charity. D．Sign language commands.
【語篇解讀】
本文為一篇記敘文。一對失聰?shù)姆驄D通過“藍(lán)十字”慈善機(jī)構(gòu)收養(yǎng)了一只失聰小狗。這只小狗曾被主人遺棄。如今又重獲家的溫暖。
【詳情解析】
【A】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Abandoned by a breeder (飼養(yǎng)動物的人) at only eight weeks old because she was deaf, Puppy had a tough start in life. But less than a month after being saved, the little dog is learning to recognize sign language commands with her new family.(小狗在八周大的時候就被飼養(yǎng)員遺棄了，因?yàn)樗敲@子。但獲救后不到一個月，這只小狗就開始和她的新家人學(xué)習(xí)識別手語指令了)”并結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要講述了一對有愛心的失聰夫婦收養(yǎng)了一只被遺棄的失聰小狗Alice，并給了它一個溫暖的新家的故事。故選A。








相關(guān)試卷

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題26語法填空之如何巧取連詞題（含解析）：

這是一份高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題26語法填空之如何巧取連詞題（含解析），共32頁。

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題23語法填空之（含解析）：

這是一份高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題23語法填空之（含解析），共33頁。

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題15閱讀理解之議論文（含解析）：

這是一份高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題15閱讀理解之議論文（含解析），共36頁。試卷主要包含了命題趨勢，題型概述，選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

英語朗讀寶

相關(guān)試卷 更多

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題14閱讀理解之記敘文（含解析）

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題14閱讀理解之記敘文（含解析）
高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題12閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文（含解析）

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題12閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文（含解析）
高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題09閱讀理解之推理判斷題——由內(nèi)及外（含解析）

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題09閱讀理解之推理判斷題——由內(nèi)及外（含解析）
高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題08閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題——耐心比對（含解析）

高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題08閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解題——耐心比對（含解析）
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，請掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎勵，申請 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊

手機(jī)號注冊
手機(jī)號碼

手機(jī)號格式錯誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號

注冊即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊
手機(jī)號注冊
微信注冊

注冊成功

返回
頂部