[共兩節(jié)，滿分50分]
第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2. 5分，滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
A
（2020 ?遼寧本溪一模）NASA’s Jet Prpulsin（噴氣推進）Labratry （JPL） attracted Marlyse Reeves frm an early age. Grwing up in Pasadena, Califrnia, in JPL’s backyard, Reeves develped a lve fr everything related t uter space, and the lab was a regular destinatin fr schl field trips. Even as a child, Reeves, nw as an MIT senir, knew she wanted t wrk in the space industry. Her lve f space was cultivated at hme, t. At MIT, Reeves quickly fund her place in the Department f Aernautics and Astrnautics（航空航天系）.
As a junir, Reeves was selected t participate in the Grdn-MIT Engineering Leadership Prgram. The prgram fcuses n leadership fr engineers—peple wh may have high technical IQs but wh may nt be gd at expressing themselves. Reeves hlds the pint that in industry, peple have t cmmunicate with ther engineers—t explain their ideas and fit int the rganizatinal structure.
In the secnd year f the prgram, students becme caches fr the new students, which means a team cach bserves and instructs the yunger grup. S Reeves thinks it’s really the secnd-year students wh are guiding the first-year students int hw they can imprve as leaders.
Reeves has been with Wmen in Aerspace Engineering（WAE）since its beginning in her sphmre year. The grup builds a cmmunity fr wmen in all aspects f aernautics. Last mnth, Reeves helped rganize the first WAE Day, an event fr 18 high schl girls in the Bstn area t cme t MIT t learn abut aerspace engineering. Reeves says events like these are especially imprtant fr expsing yung wmen t the pssibilities f the field.
Just as she says, “Being a persn wh has gne int the aerspace industry and has seen the lack f wmen, there are ften times when I am the nly female in the rm. I think it’s imprtant fr yung wmen and girls t have rle mdels, and just see that there are wmen ding it. I have met a lt f strng female rle mdels fr myself in lt f ur events are pen t men as well. We want t build a cmmunity f peple wh supprt wmen in aerspace.”
1. What can we learn frm the first paragraph?
A. Reeves seldm visited JPL at an early age.
B. Reeves became interested in space frm childhd.
C. Reeves is nw a new student studying at MIT.
D. Reeves wuld like t study in the Department f Mathematics at MIT.
2. What is the aim f the Grdn-MIT Engineering Leadership Prgram?
A. It is aimed at develping engineers，leadership.
B. It fcuses n increasing students’ technical skills.
C. It tends t imprve students’ bservatin abilities.
D. It aims t train excellent engineers fr MIT in advance.
3. What is the attitude f Reeves twards wmen in the aerspace industry?
A. She thinks the industry is prejudiced against wmen.
B. She thinks wmen have a higher IQ than men in the field.
C. She believes having rle mdels has a psitive effect n wmen.
D. She feels it is difficult fr wmen t becme successful in the field.
B
（2020 ?天津武清區(qū)一模）While astrnauts in space get t d many exciting things, they miss ut n rdinary things that we all take fr granted—being able t walk n firm grund, hanging ut with the family and digging int a slice f ht steaming pizza. Thugh nt much can be dne abut the first tw things, there may sn be a slutin t the third ne, thanks t this cl 3D pizza printer!
Abut a year ag, NASA ffered $125, 000 t Anjan Cntractr, a 3D technlgy expert, t build a device （設備） that wuld allw astrnauts t make pizza n demand. The mechanical engineer prmised that his inventin wuld prduce pies in large quantities that lked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in cmmn vens.
Late last year, the engineer presented a vide f his first prttype（原型）that begins by creating a single slice f dugh（面團）that is cked and printed at the same time. Then cmes the tmat “sauce”—a mix f tmat pwder, il and water and finally, a prtein slice that resembles cheese. While the vide desn’t shw the baking prcess, the inventr says that nce the pizza is printed, it can be ready t be cnsumed in 7 secnds.
While the pie in the vide lks delicius enugh t attract any pizza lver, Anjan Cntractr is far frm ready fr astrnauts. That’s because he still has t find a slutin t make the fd cntainer in the printer last fr 30 years. Thugh that may sund unrealistic, actually it is nt.
Anjan Cntractr believes that the nly way t make it pssible is that the water is remved frm all the ingredients（配料）and then they are reduced t the pwder frm. This, as yu can imagine, will nt be s easy. But, while the printer may nt be ready fr space, it certainly lks ready enugh fr peple n earth. Hpefully, NASA and Cntractr will cnsider selling it t thse nt frtunate enugh t g t Mars!
4. Why des the authr mentin the things that astrnauts in space cannt d?
A. T ask us nt t take cmmn things fr granted.
B. T shw they live a difficult life there.
C. T shw their life is bring in space.
D. T intrduce the tpic f the text.
5. NASA ffered $125, 000 t Anjan Cntractr mainly t ________.
A. create sme new types f 3D printer
B. attract mre cmpanies t wrk fr NASA
C. help astrnauts in space enjy fresh pizza ne day
D. prduce pizza in large quantities t earn great prfits
6. The biggest challenge that Anjan Cntractr is faced with nw is prbably that ________.
A. he has n mney left t g n with his research
B. the pizza desn’t seem appetizing t pizza lvers
C. he has n way t make pizza that can last fr thirty years
D. he cannt make the fd cntainer last fr thirty years
7. What’s the best title f the passage?
A. NASA is trying its best t help astrnauts eat better
B. Astrnauts may sn be able t enjy steaming ht pizza
C. NASA is wrking n making pizza fr cmmn peple
D. A 3D pizza printer has been used t make pizza
C
（2020 ??？谝荒＃〢strnauts n shrter shuttle missins（使命）ften wrk very lng days. Tasks are scheduled s tightly that break times are ften used t finish the day’s wrk. This type f schedule is far t demanding fr lng missins n the Internatinal Space Statin（ISS）. ISS crew-members usually live in space fr at least a quarter f a year. They wrk five days n and tw days ff t mimic the nrmal way they d things n Earth as much as pssible. Weekends give the crew valuable time t rest and d a few hurs f husewrk. They can cmmunicate with the family and friends by email, Internet phne and thrugh private vide cnferences.
While astrnauts cannt g t a baseball game r a mvie in rbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjy. Befre a missin, the family and friends f each ISS crew-member put tgether a cllectin f family phts, messages, vides and reading material fr the astrnauts t lk at when they will be flating 370 kilmeters abve the Earth. During their missin, the crew als receive care packages with CDs, bks, magazines, phts and letters. And as frm early 2010, the Internet became available n the ISS, giving astrnauts the chance t d sme “web surfing（沖浪）” in their persnal time. Besides relaxing with these mre cmmn entertainments, astrnauts can simply enjy the experience f living in space.
Many astrnauts say that ne f the mst relaxing things t d in space is t lk ut f the windw and stare at the universe and the Earth’s vast land mass and ceans.
8. What des the wrd “mimic” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. find
B. cpy
C. change
D. lse
9. Which f the fllwing best describes the families f the astrnauts n the ISS?
A. They are caring and thughtful.
B. They are impatient and annyed.
C. They are impatient and thughtful.
D. They are excited and curius.
10. In the final paragraph, the authr shws that astrnauts ________.
A. get mre pleasure in space than n the Earth
B. find living in space a bit bring and tiring
C. regard space life as cmmn
D. lve t see the Earth frm space
11. The passage mainly discusses hw astrnauts ________.
A. wrk fr lnger missins in space
B. cnnect with peple n the Earth
C. bserve the Earth frm space
D. spend their free time in space
D
（2020 ?重慶西北狼教育聯(lián)盟高三一模）NASA’s Curisity vehicle recently recrded the largest level f methane（甲院）ever measured during its seven-year Mars missin. The discvery is exciting because the existence f methane gas culd supprt the case fr life n Mars.
Methane has n clr r smell. A special instrument n Curisity’s Mars Science Labratry recrded the increased gas level. The device, called a laser spectrmeter, measures levels f chemical elements and gases in the Martian atmsphere. In additin t methane, the instrument can recrd levels f water and C02. Nearly all the methane gas fund in Earth’s atmsphere is prduced by bilgical activity. It usually cmes frm animal and plant life. But it can als be frmed by gelgical （地質(zhì)的）prcesses, such as interactins between rcks and water. NASA said the increased methane was measured t be abut 21 parts per billin by vlume（ppbv）. One ppbv means that if yu take a vlume f air n Mars, ne billinth f the vlume f air is methane.
It was nt the first time Curisity had fund methane gas in the Martian atmsphere. Abut a year ag, NASA annunced that Curisity had discvered sharp seasnal increases in the gas. This time, NASA said the measured methane gas level was clearly larger than any thers bserved in the past. NASA fficials even temprarily stpped Curisity, s ther activities t investigate further.
“It’s exciting because micrbial（微生物的）life is an imprtant surce f methane n Earth, ” NASA said in a statement annuncing the discvery. Hwever, Curisity’s team carried ut a fllw-up methane experiment that shwed a sharp drp in levels f the gas. The secnd examinatin fund the level was less than ne part per billin by vlume. That number was clse t the backgrund levels Curisity sees all the time. The rise and fall f the methane gas levels left NASA scientists with mre questins than answers. The scientists are cntinuing t study pssible causes fr the sudden increase. The methane mystery cntinues.
Curisity des nt have instruments that can exactly identify whether the surce f the methane is bilgical r gelgical. One leading thery is that methane is being released frm undergrund areas created by pssible life frms that disappeared lng ag. Even thugh Mars has n active vlcanes, scientists believe it is als pssible that methane is being prduced by reactins invlving carbn materials and water.
A clearer understanding f methane levels ver time culd help scientists determine where they’re lcated n Mars. Scientists hpe this understanding will cme as Curisity cntinues t cllect methane data in its search fr pssible life.
12. Curisity discvered ________.
A. the largest methane gas level ever bserved n Mars
B. the existence f life n Mars
C. the reasn fr the increased methane
D. interactins between rcks and water
13. Why did NASA fficials nce stp Curisity’s ther activities?
T further examine the methane gas level n Mars.
T seek pssible life existing n Mars.
T check the quality f Curisity’s missin.
T find seasnal increases in the methane gas.
14. What can we learn frm the last three paragraphs?
A. Causes fr the change f methane have been prved by Curisity.
B. Curisity has prved the lcatin f methane by instruments.
C. Scientists think reactins invlving carbn materials and water may prduce methane.
D. Identifying the surce f methane has helped scientists search fr pssible life n Mars.
15. The passage is prbably taken frm ________.
A. a gegraphy textbk
B. a science newspaper
C. a health magazine
D. a travel brchure
第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2. 5分，滿分12. 5分）
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Gardening 380 Kilmeters abve Earth
（2020 ?遼寧鞍山一模）Astrnauts have t g thrugh physical, psychlgical, and technical training. They als g thrugh training in hw t care fr plants. These “astrnaut gardeners” share their wrk and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants alng n a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips becme lnger, it will be necessary t grw fd in space. 16 Because f this, it’s nt practical t send everything needed fr a lng jurney, nly t be used nce and thrwn away.
Plants can serve many uses n a space jurney. They can prvide mre fresh things. 17 Als, plants can help t make air quality better because they prduce xygen. They can imprve the quality f the air inside the spacecraft—the nly air the astrnauts can breathe.
18 Due t the lack f gravity in space, the xygen that the plants prduce stays arund the plants. This can actually kill them, s fans are needed t circulate the air. Withut gravity, rts dn't “knw” t grw dwn, leaves dn’t “knw” t grw up, and water desn’t easily travel up the rts t the leaves. 19 Besides, sil is t heavy t send t space, and special liquid gels（凝膠）are used t help plant grwth.
Scientists are als wrking n the plants themselves. They are trying t make plants grw mre rapidly and grw with less water and light in space, and they are lking fr ways t make plants mre resistant t disease. 20 Imagine that deserts may ne day prvide lts f fresh fd fr lcal peple, saving transprtatin csts. Similarly, plants that are resistant t disease culd prvide an imprtant fd supply. With the wrld’s ppulatin nw at seven billin（十億）peple, ur astrnaut gardeners may help discver ways t feed thse billins.
A. Every plant grwn in space must have several uses.
B. Hwever, there are challenges with grwing plants in space.
C. Such methds may result in imprvements back here n Earth.
D. The cst f taking anything int space is abut $22,000 per kilgram.
E. Specialized cntainers are being develped t help the plants grw crrectly.
F. Astrnauts will welcme the additin f fruits and vegetables t their diet f dry fds.
G. Currently all xygen is taken abard in tanks and then caught again s it can be reused.
第二部分 語言運用
[共兩節(jié)，滿分30分]
第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分） 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
（2020 ?山東泰安一模）An airplane pilt felt srry fr his hungry passengers, s he bught 21 all pizzas. The pilt, Gerhard Bradner, wrks fr Frntier Airlines. His 22 was frm Washingtn D. C. t Denver, but it had t be 23 because f bad weather. He felt hungry and thught he wuld rder a pizza frm Dmin’s Pizza restaurant near the airprt, when he thught his 157 passengers wuld als be 24 , s he rdered 50 family-sized pizzas. He paid ut f his wn pcket, 25 the wner f the airline said he culd give Mr. Bradner the mney fr the 26 . He annunced n bard, “Ladies and gentlemen, Frntier Airlines is knwn fr being ne f the 27 airlines in the US, but yur captain is nt cheap. I just 28 pizzas fr the whle plane.”
Mr. Bradner said his airline is like a big 29 and his passengers were part f that family. That was why he wanted t buy everyne a pizza. He als 30 reprters that he knew ther pilts wh had 31 fd fr passengers. Frntier Airlines said in a reprt, “Yes, the pilt did buy pizzas fr the 32 . It is imprtant t nte that this isn’t the first time ne f ur pilts has gne abve and beynd the call f duty t 33 care fr ur custmers.” Bradner even gt ff the plane and went t meet the pizza delivery kid at the security area and helped 34 the pizza back t the plane. The manager f the Dmin’s Pizza said he was 35 when he tk the rder and the caller tld him that he needed t feed his whle plane.
21. A. them B. us C. him D. her
22. A. car B. train C. plane D. ship
23. A. shwn up B. lked up C. put ff D. set up
24. A. thirsty B. angry C. hungryD. weak
25. A. and B. but C. r D. because
26. A. cakes B. burgers C. bread D. pizzas
27. A. cheapest B. richest C. prest D. dearest
28. A. ate B. rdered C. asked D. waited
29. A. huse B. plane C. cuntry D. family
30. A. tld B. said C. spke D. talked
31. A. sld B. made C. carried D. bught
32. A. pilts B. drivers C. passengers D. sellers
33. A. give B. prvide C. ffer D. pay
34. A. carry B. buy C. make D. sell
35. A. wrried B. surprised C. pleased D. bred
第二節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1. 5分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
（2020 ?天津和平區(qū)一模）The “space race” tk place between the United States and the frmer Sviet Unin. Bth cuntries cmpeted t see which wuld be the first 36 （land） a persn n the Mn.
In 1959, bth the United States and the Sviet Unin succeeded in achieving their gals f sending spacecraft 37 （call） prbes beynd Earth’s gravitatinal pull. The Sviet Luna 1, launched n January 2, passed the Mn and 38 （cntinue ） thrugh space. Tw mnths later, the United States launched Pineer 4, 39 fllwed the same path as Luna Ⅰ. 40 eventually entered the rbit arund the Sun.
The mst famus was American astrnaut Neil Armstrng, 41 , n July 20, 1969, became the first human t set ft n the Mn. The United States Apll prgram lasted 42 1972. It carried ut extensive research f the lunar surface and even brught back samples f mn rcks.
Als, in the histry f space explratin, men and wmen have been seen living n space statins. As fr the US, 43 （send） the first such statin int space in Sviet Unin in 1971 made it eager t have its wn. Then, the first US space statin, Sky lab, 44 （launch） in May 1973 and rbited fr six years. Since the 1960s, bth als have sent spacecraft t explre almst all the planets in the slar system. Hwever, 45 （nt set） ft n any ther planet befre, astrnauts as well as scientists are still devted t space prgrams.
第三部分 寫作
[共兩節(jié)，滿分40分]
第一節(jié)（滿分15分）
（2020 ?山東青島城陽區(qū)月考）根據(jù)表格提示，請以“Our Future Space Schl”為題，寫一篇80詞左右的文章，給公元2066年的太空定居者（settler）介紹一下未來的太空學校。
要求：語句連貫，覆蓋以下所有信息。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二節(jié)（滿分25分）
閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
（2020 ?山東日照二模）The dctrs sent my mther hme t die. As a fifteen-year survivr f breast cancer, she had suffered tw heart attacks when advanced cancer was fund in her lung. The dctr tld me sadly, “She has a few days, maybe a week. Her heart is weak and unstable.” Mm had struggled t raise three daughters while hlding a full-time jb, yet wrked hard t maintain a warm hme fr her family. My plan fr Mm’s final days was simple: she wuld live with lve, and die with grace.
I tk mther t my hme, small but cmfrtable, which was a heaven t fur cats and a dg. The animals had the run f my huse. We equipped the bedrm with an electric hspital bed and an xygen machine, which frightened the cats. I’d mved their furniture and the cats were annyed. The dg, n the ther hand, an immature dg with bad habits, was excited by all the changes in the huse. He jumped up, barking. He is Ott wh was nt afraid f the hspital bed, the xygen machine r the medical smells. Nr was he afraid f the weak wman wh had sclded him. Ott jumped nt the ft f Mm’s hspital bed, and stayed. With the exceptin f eating and using the litter bx, Ott never left Mm’s rm.
Days passed and Mm started t rally. “Nt unusual,” I was tld. “A rally is ften a sign f imminent death（回光返照）.” I was heart-brken. But Ott wuld nt give her up s easily. He used her imprved cnditin t repsitin himself frm the ft f her bed t her side. Her thin fingers fund his sft cat. He leaned int her bdy, as if hlding tight the strings f her will t live. Thugh weak, she petted the dg and wuld nt allw me t take him. Days turned int weeks and Mm cntinued t fight.
注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右。
Once, after the nurses had gne fr the day, I heard the sund f Mm’s vice cming frm her rm. __________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Three years later, Mm tgether with Ott is still here, medicines and nurses lng gne. ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
參考答案：
[語篇解讀]主題：人與自我（生活與學習）；話題：學習航空學。本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了自小就對航空學非常感興趣的Marlyse Reeves認為女性應該更多接觸航空學這一領域，了解更多與航空學有關的知識。
1. B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段前兩句“NASA’s Jet Prpulsin Labratry （ JPL ） attracted Marlyse Reeves frm an early age... Reeves develped a lve fr everything related t uter space, and the lab was a regular destinatin fr schl field trips.” 可知從很小的時候Reeves就對太空產(chǎn)生了興趣，故B項正確。
2. A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“The prgram fcuses n leadership fr engineers——peple wh may have high technical IQs but wh may nt be gd at expressing themselves.” 可知這一項目致力于培養(yǎng)工程師的領導力，故A項正確。
3. C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“I think it’s imprtant fr yung wmen and girls t have rle mdels，and just see that there are wmen ding it. ”可知Reeves認為對女性來說有榜樣很重要，榜樣可以對女性產(chǎn)生積極的影響。故C項正確。
[語篇解讀]主題：人與自然（宇宙探索）；話題：在太空自制比薩技術。 本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一種可以在太空自制比薩的3D打印 技術。
4. D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Thugh nt much can be dne abut the first tw things，there may sn be a slutin t the third ne, thanks t this cl 3D pizza printer!” 可知，使用 3D 打印技術可以解決宇航員吃比薩的問題。結(jié)合下文對為宇航員提供比薩的3D打印技術的介紹可推知，文章開篇描述的無法實現(xiàn)的愿望旨在引出本文的話題。故D項正確。
5. C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Abut a year ag, NASA ffered $125, 000 t Anjan Cntractr, a 3D technlgy expert, t build a device that wuld allw astrnauts t make pizza n demand.” 可知，美國航空航天局提供125 000美元是為了開發(fā)為宇航員們提供新鮮比薩的技術設備。故C項正確。
6. D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“That’s because he still has t find a slutin t make the fd cntainer in the printer last fr 30 years. ”可知，讓打印機中的食物容器能夠維持30年是目前的最大難題。故D項正確。
7. B標題概括題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一種可以在太空自制比薩的3D打印技術，因此將來宇航員們也許能吃上熱騰騰的比薩。故B項最適合作為本文標題。
[語篇解讀]主題：人與社會（宇宙探索）；話題：宇航員在太空如何 度過閑暇時間。本文是記敘文。文章介紹了宇航員在太空中是如何度過他們可自由利用的時間的。
8. B 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“They wrk five days n and tw days ff...”可知，他們的工作和在地球上的工作時間一致，所以這樣做的目的是盡可能地模仿地球上的正常生活，故選B。
9. A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Befre a missin, the family and friends f each ISS crew-member put tgether a cllectin f family phts，messages, vides and reading material fr the astrnauts t lk at when they will be flating...” 可知，宇航員的 家人是體貼的、考慮周到的。故選A。
10. D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段 “Many astrnauts say that ne f the mst relaxing things t d in space is t lk ut f the windw and stare at the universe and the Earth’s vast land mass and ceans.”可知，宇航員喜歡從太空中看地球。故選D。
11. D主旨大意題。本文主要向我們介紹了宇航員在休息時做的事，全文講述了國際空間站的宇航員是如何度過工作之余的閑暇時間的。B、C項有一定的干擾性。文章提到過宇航員與地面上的家人和朋友聯(lián)系，也提到了他們透過窗子看地球上的景觀，但是這些都是細節(jié)，而不是主題。故選D。
[語篇解讀]主題：人與社會（宇宙探索）；話題：火星探測。本文是 一篇科學類新聞報道。文中報道了 “好奇號”在火星上探測到有記錄以來大氣中最高的甲烷含量，并由此引發(fā)火星上是否存在或曾經(jīng)存在生命的一系列討論和進一步的科學探索。
12. A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“NASA’s Curisity vehicle recently recrded the largest level f methane ever measured during its seven-year Mars missin.” 及第三段第三句 “This time, NASA said the measured methane gas level was clearly larger than any thers bserved in the past.” 可知此次探測到的火星大氣甲烷含量是有觀測歷史以來最高的，故選A。
13. A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，大約一年前“好奇號”就曾探測到火星大氣甲烷含量的季節(jié)性劇烈升高，而這次則直接探測到有觀測歷史以來的最高含量，并結(jié)合該段最后一句 “NASA fficials even temprarily stpped Curisity’s ther activities t investigate further. ”可知，“好奇號”暫時停止其他工作，是為了集中精力更深人地檢查、探測、研究火星大氣中的甲烷含量。故選A。
14. C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Even thugh Mars has n active vlcanes，scientists believe it is als pssible that methane is being prduced by reactins invlving carbn materials and water. ”可知，即使火星上沒有活火山，甲烷也可能由碳材料與水反應產(chǎn)生，C項符合題意。
15. B推理判斷題。本文報道了“好奇號”在火星上探測到有觀測歷史以來大氣中最高的甲烷含量這一新聞，并進行了拓展討論。因此本文屬于科學類文章。故選B。
[語篇解讀]主題：人與自然（宇宙探索）；話題：高空園藝。本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是在地球380千米外的高空做園藝。宇航員必須經(jīng)過身體、心理和技術的訓練，還要接受如何照料植物的培訓。這些“宇航員園丁”與植物共享他們的工作和生活空間。
16. D關聯(lián)邏輯法解題。下文意為“正因為如此，把長途旅行所需要的只用一次就扔掉的東西都送出去是不現(xiàn)實的”。D項“The cst f taking anything int space is abut $22,000 per kilgram. （將物體送入太空的費用約為每千克22 000美元）”承接下文。下文中的this指代該項中的the cst,故選D。
17. F關聯(lián)邏輯法解題。根據(jù)上文提示“它們可以提供更多新鮮的東西”, 與下文提示“此外，植物可以幫助改善空氣質(zhì)量，因為它們可以產(chǎn)生氧氣”可知，F(xiàn)項“Astrnauts will welcme the additin f fruits and vegetables t their diet f dry fds.（宇航 員將歡迎在他們的干糧中加入水果和蔬菜）”承接上下文。 故選F。
18. B關聯(lián)邏輯法解題。根據(jù)下文“由于太空中缺乏重力，植物產(chǎn)生的氧氣停留在植物周圍”可知，B項“Hwever，there are challenges with grwing plants in space.（然而，在太空種植植物面臨著挑戰(zhàn)）”承接下文。故選B。
19. E關聯(lián)邏輯法解題。根據(jù)上文“沒有重力，根就不‘知道’該往下長，葉子就不‘知道’該往上長，水也不容易從根往上注入葉子”與下文提示“此外，土壤太重，不能送到太空，特殊的液體凝膠被用來幫助植物生長”可知，E項“Specialized cntainers are being develped t help the plants grw crrectly.（目前正在開發(fā)專門的容器來幫助植物正確生長）”承接上下文。故 選E0
20. C 詞匯鎖定法解題。根據(jù)上文“他們正試圖使植物生長得更快，在太空中以更少的水和光生長，他們正在尋找方法使植物更能抵抗疾病”可知，C項“Such methds may result in imprvements back here n Earth.（這些方法可能會導致地球 上的改善）”承接上文。該項中的methds與上文中的ways 相吻合。故選C。
[語篇解讀]主題：人與自我（做人與做事）；話題：為乘客買比薩。 本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了因為天氣的原因，飛機耽誤了飛行，當飛機的飛行員餓了的時候，他想到他的乘客也餓了，所以他給整個 飛機的乘客都買了比薩。
21. A上文語境題。這里用代詞代替前文出現(xiàn)的passengers （乘客），因為乘客是復數(shù)，所以用them，故選A。
22. C 上文語境題。根據(jù) An airplane pilt felt srry fr his hungry passengers可知Gerhard Bradner是飛行員，開的是飛機（plane ）， 故選C。
23. C 下文語境題。根據(jù)because f bad weather可知，是壞天氣延誤（put ff）飛機的飛行，故選C。
24. C 上文語境題。Gerhard Bradner餓了，想從機場旁的餐館訂比薩，他想他的157名乘客也會餓的（hungry）。
25. B上下文語境題。這里表示前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關系，所以應該用but，故選B。句意：他自掏腰包（買比薩），但是航空公司的老板說，他可以把他給所有乘客買比薩的錢給他。
26. D上文語境題。根據(jù)上文可知，這個飛行員給乘客買的是比薩（pizza），故選 D。
27. A 下文語境題。根據(jù)后面提到的but yur captain is nt cheap可知此處意為“最便宜的（cheapest） ”。故選A。
28. B上下文語境題。要買比薩，需要先預訂。故選B。句意：我剛剛給整個機艙的人都訂（rder）了比薩。
29. D 下文語境題。根據(jù)下文 his passengers were part f that family可知，這里提到的應當是家庭。故選D。句意:Bradner先生說，他的航班就像一個大家庭（family），乘客是他家人的一部分。
30. A下文語境題。后面是雙賓語，所以應該用tld,故選A。句意：他也告訴（tell）記者，他知道其他飛行員也給他們的乘客買過食物。
31. D上文語境題。根據(jù)前面提到的內(nèi)容可知是飛行員給乘客買食物。故選D。句意：他也告訴記者，他知道其他飛行員也給他們的乘客買（buy）過食物。
32. C 上文語境題。根據(jù)上文“ 157 passengers pizzas.”以及 “I just rdered pizzas fr the whle plane.” 可知，飛行員多次給乘客買東西，故選C。句意：……飛行員的確給乘客 （passenger ）買過比薩。
33. B 上下文語境題。prvide sth. fr sb.給某人提供某物。故選B。
34. A上下文語境題。句意：Bradner甚至下飛機去安全區(qū)迎接送比薩的小伙子，并幫著他把比薩帶回到（carry）飛機上。
35. B 下文語境題。根據(jù)下文he needed t feed his whle plane可知，打電話的人告訴他，他需要給一整個飛機的人買比薩。此處比薩店經(jīng)理應感到“吃驚（surprised）”。
[語篇解讀]主題：人與自然（宇宙探索）；話題：高空競賽。本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了蘇聯(lián)和美國在太空探索方面的競爭。
36. t land考查動詞不定式，位于序數(shù)詞后應使用動詞不定式充當后置定語，故答案為t land。
37. called 考查非謂語動詞。spacecraft與call是被動關系，called prbes是過去分詞短語作spacecraft的后置定語。
38. cntinued 考查謂語動詞。and連接兩個并列謂語，passed為過去式，故答案為cntinue的過去式cntinued。
39. which 考查非限制性定語從句。which指代前面的先行詞 Pineer 4。
40. Bth考查代詞。此處應使用表示兩者的bth指代前文提到的 Luna 1 和 Pineer 4。
41. wh考查定語從句引導詞。先行詞指人，因此引導非限制性定語從句應使用wh。
42. until考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知此處指的是“直到1972年”，因此使用介詞until。
43. sending考查動名詞。此空作主語，應使用動名詞sending。
44. was launched 考查謂語動詞。句子有表示過去的時間，因此使用一般過去時，launch與其主語構成被動關系，因此使用被動語態(tài)。
45. nt having set 考查非謂語動詞。set ft n any ther planet 動作發(fā)生在are still devted t space prgrams之前，因此使用完成式，其否定形式為nt having set。
第一節(jié) One pssible versin：
Our Future Space Schl Our future space schl Yuancheng High Schl, which is lcated between tw new planets, is set up fr the early space settlers in space in 2066.
It is very cnvenient and available fr us t receive free educatin in ur space schl, equipped with all kinds f hi-tech cmputers, space travel spt and research center. What’s mre, we can take curses like astrnmy, maths, gegraphy, art and s n. It’s pen 24 hurs a day.
Cme and jin me if yu want t knw mre abut it.
第二節(jié) One pssible versin：
Once, after the nurses had gne fr the day, I heard the sund f Mm’s vice cming frm her rm. I fund her with the head f the bed raised, reading frm the newspaper, with Ott in her arms, listening adringly. I will frever cherish the memry f Ott’s tuching her face. Eventually, using a walker, Mm began t take walks thrugh the huse, fllwed by Ott. Where she rested, Ott rested. Where she mved, Ott shadwed her. Smehw, Ott knew that during thse days he became her dg child, giving her life purpse.
Three years later, Mm tgether with Ott is still here, medicines and nurses lng gne. When we saw the dctr a while ag, “I can’t believe it, Lula,” he said. “I can’t find yur cancer and yur heart is strng. When yur daughter brught yu t me, I thught yu were a ship that had sailed.” Mm gave the credit t Ott, wh cntinued t share his gift f lve—a medicine mre pwerful than any drug a dctr culd prescribe.Its name
（as yu like）
Its lcatin
between tw new planets
Its curses
astrnmy, maths, gegraphy, art, etc.
Its equipment
cmputer
Its purpse
ffering free educatin
Other functins
space travel spt；research center

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