高中外研版 (2019)Unit 6 Disaster and hope同步達(dá)標(biāo)檢測題-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

But in Indnesia extremely dry frests are in flames. A multi-year drught(干旱) in suth-east Brazil is becming wrse. Thugh heavy rains brught abut by El Nin may relieve the drught in Califrnia, they are likely t cause surface flding and ther disasters.
The mst recent pwerful Nin, in 1997—98, killed arund 21, 000 peple and caused damage wrth $36 billin arund the glbe. But such Nins cme with mnths f warning, and s much is knwn abut hw they happen that gvernments can prepare. Accrding t the Overseas Develpment Institute (ODI), hwever, just 12% f disaster-relief funding in the past tw decades has gne n reducing risks in advance, rather than recvery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dllar spent n risk-reductin saves at least tw n recnstructin.
Simple imprvements t infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) can reduce the spread f disease. Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is fllwed by an utbreak f the disease f bad stmach. Strnger bridges mean villages are less likely t be left withut fd and medicine after flds. Accrding t a paper in 2011 by Mr. Hsiang and c-authrs, civil cnflict is related t El Nin’s harmful effects—and the prer the cuntry, the strnger the link. Thugh the relatinship may nt be causal, helping divided cmmunities t prepare fr disasters wuld at least reduce the risk that thse disasters are fllwed by killing and wunding peple. Since the prest are least likely t make up fr their lsses frm disasters linked t El Nin, reducing their lsses needs t be the pririty.
1. What can we learn abut El Nin in paragraph 1?
A. It is named after a Suth American fisherman.
B. It takes place almst every year all ver the wrld.
C. It frces fishermen t stp catching fish arund Christmas.
D. It sees the changes f water flw directin in the cean.
2. What may El Nins bring abut t the cuntries affected?
A. Agricultural harvests in rich cuntries fall.
B. Drughts becme mre harmful than flds.
C. Rich cuntries’ gains are greater than their lsses.
D. Pr cuntries suffer less frm drughts ecnmically.
3. The data prvided by ODl in paragraph 4 suggest that ________
A. mre investment shuld g t risk reductin
B. gvernments f pr cuntries need mre aid
C. victims f El Nin deserve mre cmpensatin
D. recvery and recnstructin shuld cme first
4. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the passage?
A. T intrduce El Nin and its rigin.
B. T explain the cnsequences f El Nin.
C. T shw ways f fighting against El Nin.
D. T urge peple t prepare fr El Nin.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文介紹了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象帶來的利弊，呼吁人們在厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象來臨之前采取一些防范措施，以降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
1. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句El Nin sees warm water ... flw back eastwards... r smetimesthe ther way rund. 可知，厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象發(fā)生時(shí)會看到水流方向的異常變化，故選D項(xiàng)。
2. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句 Rich cuntries gain mre frm pwerful Nins, n balance, than they lse.可知，受厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的影響，總體上富有國家的收獲大于損失，故選C項(xiàng)。
3. A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句... just 12% f disaster-relief funding in the past tw decades has gne n reducing risks in advance...以及最后一句... a dllar spent n risk-reductin saves at least tw n recnstructin.可知，ODI 認(rèn)為過去二十年里用于提前降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的資金只有12%，花一美元用于降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可以至少省去重建所需的兩美元，因而此處強(qiáng)調(diào)要投入更多的資金用于降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故選A項(xiàng)。
4. D推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象帶來的利弊，并呼吁人們采取措施提前防范，以降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故選D項(xiàng)。
【微技能】根據(jù)主旨推斷作者的寫作目的
解答這類題需用略讀法，即重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主題句，抓住文章主旨，然后根據(jù)主旨來推斷作者的寫作目的。議論文、應(yīng)用文、說明文等文體的主題句多在文首或文尾。
通過本文最后一句Since the prest are least likely t make up fr their lsses frm disasters linked t El Nin, reducing their lsses needs t be the pririty.(既然最貧窮的國家最不可能彌補(bǔ)與厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象有關(guān)的災(zāi)難造成的損失，就要把減少他們的損失放在首要位置)可以看出，本文正是敦促我們要提前防范可能發(fā)生的厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象。

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