2024屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)選擇性必修第二冊Unit1ScienceandScientists單元主題訓(xùn)練-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

UNIT 1 單元主題訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.閱讀理解AWith outbreaks of infectious(感染性的) diseases making headlines around the world, scientists are under pressure to understand the drivers that influence the transmission of pathogens (病菌的傳播) in order to better predict and control disease outbreaks.In the wilds of Botswana, a pathogen called M. mungi has a different way of infecting the banded mongoose (a small furry animal that kills snakes and rats). The pathogen spreads from animal to animal through scent(氣味) marks. “Scent marks are deposited into the environment and contain smell signals that convey information from one mongoose to another，” explained Kathleen Alexander, a wildlife biologist, who led the new study.To conduct their experiment, Alexander and Carole Anne Nichols monitored the movements and communication of about 500 banded mongooses in protected park landscapes, urban environments, and other places with varying characteristics in Botswana. In this way, researchers were able to gain insight into the manner in which land type and animal behaviour interact to influence the spread of the pathogen. The result was a comprehensive data set of mongoose behavioural interactions across a range of landscape types.In high-traffic, predator-rich (食肉動物多的) environments, such as urban centres or national parks, the mongooses stayed constantly alerted(警覺的), devoting their energy to scanning the surrounding environment and preparing themselves for escaping. This super awareness likely kept them safe from danger, but it also greatly curtailed their contact with others, reducing the possibility that M. mungi would spread. “If you're running from a predator, you're not stopping to leave a message for other animals，” Nichols says. “You're running for your life.”But the opposite was true at tourism cabins, where predators are scarce and food, which is often left by human hands, is easy to find. Here, the mongooses spent a good amount of time marking scent, creating a lot of opportunities for the pathogen to spread.Previous studies by Alexander have pulled back the mask on how animal behaviour shapes the spread of disease. These new findings, however, add another layer of difference to the spread of disease, stressing the role of environments.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關(guān)于縞獴(banded mongoose)的研究，揭示了環(huán)境會影響傳染病的傳播。1．What's the purpose of marking scent by banded mongooses?A．To track down snakes and rats.B．To better adapt to the environment.C．To share information with each other.D．To protect themselves from pathogens.解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Scent marks ...one mongoose to another”可知，縞獴之間利用氣味相互交流。2．What did Alexander and Nichols do during the experiment?A．Analyzed the spreading way of the pathogen.B．Marked the characteristics of different land types.C．Collected previous data about banded mongooses' behaviour.D．Observed banded mongooses across a range of environments.解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，Alexander和Nichols在不同環(huán)境下觀察縞獴的行為。3．What does the underlined word “curtailed” in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Decreased.　　　　　　　 B．Explained.C．Replaced. D．Repeated.解析：選A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段畫線單詞后的“... you're not stopping to leave a message for other animals”可知，這種狀況會“減少”縞獴之間的接觸。4．What's the finding of Alexander and Nichols's new research?A．Predators can speed up the spread of diseases.B．Environments can influence the spread of diseases.C．Animals can sense potential danger around them.D．The spread of diseases can shape animals' behaviour.解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容及最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，縞獴在捕食者少的地方感染病菌的概率會大很多，因此，Alexander和Nichols新的研究表明生存環(huán)境會影響疾病的傳播。BNew smart wheelchairs are designed to allow users more freedom of movement. Some even allow them to raise or lower the seats or to go up and down stairs. Now, Scewo, a Swiss company, has designed their futuristic motorized wheelchair Scewo Bro that is a complete solution with multitasking innovation. This smart wheelchair is so advanced and multifunctional that it won the Design Prize in 2018 and has been recognized as a pioneer in the medical technology industry.With clearly defined lines and a reduction to the essentials, the design team developed a clear design language. That way, Scewo Bro is seen as a new generation of wheelchairs at first glance. Scewo Bro users can control the wheelchair either by a touch interface (界面) or a smart phone. They can switch from one to the other and can also choose from three different modes: the park mode, the drive mode, and the track mode. This allows for any terrain (地形) and allows people with mobility disabilities to be independent.Built with safety in mind, the seat always balances itself so the user stays in a sitting position. This feature allows users to deal with different terrains without the risk of tipping over. Besides, the foot rests, the seat, and the arm rests are designed to be comfortable and adjustable.The smart wheelchair can go up to 35 kilometers on one charge and can go 10 kilometers per hour. If a break is needed, just put the chair into the relaxation position. The smart wheelchair comes with two secure storage areas for people on the go to store valuables. It can fit in the trunk of a car and can be charged in just five hours.Scewo Bro is available in Switzerland, Austria, and Germany. While the first batch (首批) has sold out, people can pre-order it at the end of the year. This futuristic wheelchair will allow increased movement and a better quality of life for people with mobility issues.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了瑞士公司Scewo研發(fā)的一款智能輪椅的設(shè)計理念、功能和市場情況。5．What do we know about the wheelchair?A．It targets medical workers.B．It features more functions.C．It is designed for household use.D．It is the first motorized wheelchair.解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a complete solution with multitasking innovation ... advanced and multifunctional”可知，該輪椅功能眾多。6．What is mainly discussed about the wheelchair in Paragraph 3?A．Its design philosophy.B．Its working principle.C．Its customer experience.D．Its fashionable elements.解析：選A　段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Built with safety in mind”及本段內(nèi)容可以判斷，本段主要講述了設(shè)計輪椅時的想法，即設(shè)計理念。7．How does the author introduce the wheelchair in Paragraph 4?A．By giving exact figures.B．By making comparisons.C．By offering examples.D．By listing reasons.解析：選A　寫作手法題。根據(jù)第四段中的“go up to 35 kilometers”“go 10 kilometers per hour”“in just five hours”可以判斷，作者通過羅列精確數(shù)據(jù)來介紹該輪椅。8．What can be inferred from the text?A．The wheelchair needs further improvement.B．The company Scewo is a non-profit organization.C．The wheelchair users can move around independently.D．The design team has been awarded many design prizes.解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“New smart wheelchairs ... to allow users more freedom of movement”和第二段中的“This ... allows people with mobility disabilities to be independent”可以推斷，輪椅使用者可以自由獨立地四處活動。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五The 21st century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better, changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. __9__Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe. __10__ Technology in the application of science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.The continuation of such activities will result in even greater advantages to human beings; in pure science — a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science — a more reasonable sharing of material benefits; and better protection of the environment.__11__ The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind. The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. __12__ Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (紗線), good and ill together.”__13__ But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?A．We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons.B．Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture.C．Fortunately, science has brought us with the greatest.D．It offers us less access to nature as well as social life.E．The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities — science seems to prove what Shakespeare said.F．Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.G．It has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在21 世紀(jì)，科學(xué)有了很大的進步。科學(xué)研究極大地開闊了我們的視野，給人類帶來了更大的好處，但另一方面科學(xué)的創(chuàng)造力也被用來損害人類。9．選F　第一段首句提到關(guān)于21世紀(jì)的種種變化；選項F意為：許多事情導(dǎo)致了變化，但在我看來，最重要的是科學(xué)的進步。選項F順承上文的話題，其中the changes與上文中多次出現(xiàn)的changes是詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選F。10．選G　選項G意為：它使我們對生命本質(zhì)及其不斷發(fā)展有了更好的理解。選項G中的“It has brought us a better understanding of ...”與上一句中的“It has given us a deeper knowledge of ...”是并列句式，其中It都是指代該段首句中的“Scientific research in physics and biology”。故選G。11．選B　第二段首句提到“科學(xué)研究使我們擴大視野”，第三段首句提到“科學(xué)研究活動將給人類帶來更大的好處”；第四段空后一句提到“科學(xué)的創(chuàng)新被用來損害人類”，該段話題與文章上兩段的話題出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折；選項B意為：然而，不幸的是，事情還有另一面。選項B中的however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，承上啟下。故選B。12．選A　第四段話題是科學(xué)創(chuàng)新被利用來損害人類。選項A意為：我們已經(jīng)在核武器的問題上看到了這種情況。空前一句提到“發(fā)展和生產(chǎn)大規(guī)模毀滅性武器對人類的繼續(xù)生存造成了危險”，選項A是順承上一句的話題，以核武器為例進一步說明上一句的內(nèi)容。故選A。13．選E　選項E意為：以上對人類活動——科學(xué)應(yīng)用的僅僅一部分的簡要回顧似乎證明了莎士比亞所說的。選項E中“what Shakespeare said”即是上一句中“William Shakespeare said”的復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選E。Ⅲ.完形填空The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to date as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to __14__ that we should learn science __15__ observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself __16__ many important truths.Galileo (1564－1642), __17__， who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many important __18__ could be discovered by observation by degrees. Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies __19__ more rapidly towards the earth than small ones, __20__ Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the __21__ of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two __22__ stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is Galileo's __23__ of going direct to nature, and proving our __24__ and theories by experiment, that has __25__ all the discoveries of modern science.What __26__ those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know clearly that __27__ scientists are those whose observations have __28__ better results.語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。一個科學(xué)家應(yīng)該是一個很好的觀察者，不能盲目相信他人，應(yīng)該通過觀察和實驗來獲得正確的觀點和理論。14．A.command　　　　　 B．suspectC．suggest D．conclude解析：選C　根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容可知，這里應(yīng)是Roger Bacon提出的建議。故C選項正確。15．A.in　　 B．with C．on　　　D．by解析：選D　根據(jù)空后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此處表示通過觀察我們周圍的事物并做實驗。故D選項正確。16．A.brought B．discoveredC．handled D．a(chǎn)nnounced解析：選B　結(jié)合上文和空后的“many important truths”可知，他本人發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多重要的真理。故B選項正確。17．A.however B．thereforeC．seldom D．never解析：選A　上文說Roger Bacon也許是中世紀(jì)第一個建議通過觀察和實驗的方式來學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，然而，伽利略是幾個偉大的人物中最偉大的一個。故A選項正確。18．A.truths B．problemsC．investigations D．subjects解析：選A　由空后的“could be discovered by observation”可知，很多真理可以通過觀察而被發(fā)現(xiàn)。上文中的“many important truths”也是提示。故A選項正確。19．A.threw B．fellC．ran D．rolled解析：選B　根據(jù)下文中的“l(fā)et fall”可知，空處應(yīng)選fell。故B選項正確。20．A.although B．becauseC．when D．if解析：選B　根據(jù)“Aristotle said so”可知，這里表示因為亞里士多德是這樣說的。故B選項正確。21．A.place B．footC．top D．ceiling解析：選C　結(jié)合空后的“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two ________ stones”可知，伽利略跑到了比薩斜塔的塔頂。故C選項正確。22．A.big B．smallC．similar D．unequal解析：選D　根據(jù)上文和空后面的“stones and proved Aristotle was wrong”可知，此處表示使用了兩塊不同重量的石頭。故D選項正確。23．A.spirit B．skillC．theory D．wish解析：選A　由空后面的“of going direct to nature”可知，此處表示科學(xué)精神(spirit)。故A選項正確。24．A.plans B．opinionsC．world D．a(chǎn)bility解析：選B　與空后面“and theories by experiment”中的theories呼應(yīng)，此處表示通過實驗證明我們的觀點和理論。故B選項正確。25．A.led to B．turned toC．set up D．put forward解析：選A　這里是說正是伽利略的這種精神使得現(xiàn)代科學(xué)能有所發(fā)現(xiàn)。故A選項正確。26．A.makes B．preventsC．considers D．promises解析：選A　結(jié)合下文中的“scientists are those ...”可知，此處是說“什么使這些人成為好的科學(xué)家”。故A選項正確。27．A.reasonable B．successfulC．expert D．sensitive解析：選B　結(jié)合上文中所舉的例子我們可以清楚地知道，成功的(successful)科學(xué)家是那些善于觀察、敢于實踐和挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威的人。故B選項正確。28．A.foreseen B．rejectedC．produced D．challenged解析：選C　根據(jù)語境，此處指那些科學(xué)家們的觀察產(chǎn)生了更好的結(jié)果。故C選項正確。Ⅳ.語法填空The idea of inviting the public to take part in scientific studies is known as “citizen science”. Anyone __1__ helps scientists do the job is called a “citizen scientist”. What can you get if you become a citizen scientist?A sense of purpose! Citizen science projects can help you make good use of __2__ (you) time.Fun times! You never know what might__3__ (find)．More education! Learn about some __4__ (attract) things while doing scientific jobs.When you're having fun in the park and seeing a bird, why not take a picture of it? With a simple click, you could be helping scientists! Shanghai Natural History Museum has __5__ app. People can upload sounds, __6__ (photo) and locations of animals if they see them around their city. Scientists can use these data __7__ (study) city animals and better protect them.In fact, people just like you can help out with many scientific studies. For example, scientists always spend many years __8__ (discover) every kind of ladybug (瓢蟲) in the world. But if we share our own pictures of ladybugs with scientists, they can find them much __9__ (fast). As one old saying goes, “Many hands make light work.”Of course, there is more to study than just animals. There are many other fun projects, such __10__ watching stars and clouds, counting penguins and even listening to laughs. You'll find that science is fun and is for everyone!語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了什么是公眾科學(xué)以及公眾科學(xué)不僅給市民帶來益處，也能為科學(xué)家提供幫助。1．who/that　考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞Anyone，所以填who/that。2．your　考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作定語，修飾名詞time，所以填形容詞性物主代詞your。3．be found　考查語態(tài)。find和從句主語what是被動關(guān)系，所以填be found。4．a(chǎn)ttractive　考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞things，所以填attractive。5．a(chǎn)n　考查冠詞。app是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，且 app的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，所以填an。6．photos　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。photo是可數(shù)名詞，且空前無限定詞，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以填photos。7．to study　考查非謂語動詞。此處不定式作目的狀語。8．discovering　考查非謂語動詞。spend time (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配，所以填discovering。9．faster　考查副詞的比較級。much, far, even, still等副詞常修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級，所以填faster。10．a(chǎn)s　考查介詞。such as “例如”，是固定搭配。Ⅴ.應(yīng)用文寫作假定你是李華，你想邀請你的英國朋友Peter下周六參觀你校舉辦的“科技小發(fā)明(technological gadgets)”展覽。請給他寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1．具體時間和地點；2．展覽目的和內(nèi)容。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考范文：Dear Peter，I'm glad to invite you to an exhibition of technological gadgets to be held in our school next Saturday.The exhibition is scheduled to take place in the football field from 8：00 am to 11：00 am, lasting 3 hours. It's aimed at encouraging students' creative thinking as well as sharing their works with others. In this exhibition, you can enjoy various gadgets which are of great use in our daily life. Additionally, some excellent student inventors will introduce the functions of their technological gadgets and perform them on the spot. It would be nice if you could join in the coming exhibition.Looking forward to your reply and expecting your coming.Yours，Li Hua

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