
Principles and Methds
概要是將原文“濃縮”后產(chǎn)生的新語篇,通過刪除原文中的細節(jié),減少例證,簡化描述內(nèi)容來實現(xiàn)語言的簡潔性。評分標準要求: 40<標準詞數(shù)<80
涵蓋全部要點是概要寫作基本要求。
對原文準確理解是概要寫作的前提。
概要是用自己的語言對原文內(nèi)容要點的概括和轉(zhuǎn)述,不是再創(chuàng)作,要忠于原文,絕對不能出現(xiàn)來自于原作者以外的其他觀點。
01 速讀全文,弄清文體結(jié)構
速讀全文,了解文章體裁,弄清語篇結(jié)構。理解段意和文意(各種文體的大致結(jié)構,見下一張PPT)
完全使用自己的語言表達全部的內(nèi)容要點,準確使用相應的語法結(jié)構和詞匯,有效使用語句間的連接成分,使完成的概要結(jié)構緊湊。
根據(jù)文體結(jié)構,在文中找到并劃出主題句,以及能體現(xiàn)內(nèi)容要點的關鍵詞。
認真檢查、修改、潤色,然后規(guī)范謄寫到答題卡上,做到字跡工整,卷面整潔。
03 根據(jù)要點,轉(zhuǎn)換表達
02 根據(jù)結(jié)構,劃出全部要點
04 仔細檢查,規(guī)范謄寫
體裁不同,結(jié)構不同,找要點的方法也不同
找出記敘文的6要素:何人(wh)在何時(when)何地(where)因何原因(why)做了何事(what),結(jié)果如何(hw)。其中,最重要的要點是某人做了某事。
1.事物描述類:對象+結(jié)構/性質(zhì)+功用2.問題解決類:問題+(解決的)方法或措施3.社會現(xiàn)象類:現(xiàn)象+原因+后果(+措施或建議)
論點+論據(jù):其關鍵在于找出主題句或結(jié)論句。若文中有一分為二的觀點,不可漏掉其中任何一方。
Writing Practice
閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
In the past, mst peple exercised every day. They didn’t exercise n purpse. Instead, they exercised by wrking n the land and by walking everywhere. Nw, hwever, peple d nt take as much exercise. Many peple wrk in ffices r factries where they d nt have t mve arund very much. Nw that cities are s big, few peple walk t wrk. They drive r travel by bus r train. With mdern telecmmunicatins technlgy, they dn’t have t mve arund t get messages delivered.
What they have t d is just t press a few buttns n their phnes r ther devices (設備). Because f this unhealthy mdern lifestyle, many peple try t exercise in ther ways. Jgging and running are very ppular. Ging t the gym is als a ppular way f getting exercise. Many wmen prefer t g t aerbic(有氧的) classes at the gym. In these classes, music is played ludly and an instructr shuts ut instructins fr the exercises.
The peple in the class run, stretch and jump arund fr an hur r mre. Men and wmen als d weight training at the gym. They lift heavy weights t build up their muscles. Althugh thusands f peple d these srts f exercises every day, sme experts believe that they are actually bad fr the bdy.
Running n hard surfaces like rads can damage yur feet and knees, and aerbics and weight training can be dangerus if the instructr is nt prperly trained. It is easy t hurt yurself if yu lift heavy weights r exercise hard fr a lng perid f time.
These experts believe that mre gentle frms f exercise are better. They advise peple t walk mre as it is ne f the best ways t exercise, and des nt damage the bdy at all. They als suggest traditinal Chinese exercises such as Tai Chi because these activities are better fr the bdy than hard, fast activities like running. Tai Chi trains yur flexibility and imprves yur sense f balance. Meanwhile, it has the least harmful effect n yur jints and knees.
Writing Prcess
Step1. 速讀全文,弄清文體結(jié)構
快速瀏覽全文,了解文章體裁,弄清語篇結(jié)構,理解段意和文意。
“現(xiàn)象+原因+結(jié)果或措施”型說明文
現(xiàn)象:Nw, hwever, peple d nt take as much exercise.
原因:With mdern telecmmunicatins technlgy, they dn’t have t mve arund ...
結(jié)果或措施: peple try t exercise in ther ways.
段落大意:Paragragh 1:隨著科技發(fā)展,人們的運動量比以前大幅減少。Paragragh 2:為了保持健康,人們轉(zhuǎn)而采用其他的運動方式。Paragragh 3:一些專家認為那些流行的運動對身體有害,甚至是危險的。長期依此鍛煉會傷身。Paragragh 4:專家建議采用對人體幾乎沒有損害的,更溫和及更傳統(tǒng)的運動。
文章大意: 本文主要介紹了為了保持健康,現(xiàn)代人采用了一些流行的運動方式。但一些專家對此存疑,有所建議。
要點1. 現(xiàn)象:In the past, mst peple exercised every day. Nw, hwever, peple d nt take as much exercise. 原因:With mdern telecmmunicatins technlgy, they dn’t have t mve arund ...
Step2. 根據(jù)結(jié)構,劃出全部要點
根據(jù)文本結(jié)構,在文中找到并劃出主題句,以及所有能體現(xiàn)內(nèi)容要點的關鍵詞:說明文跟議論文一樣,主題句一般出現(xiàn)在段首或段尾,或轉(zhuǎn)折處(如hwever, but, in fact等)。
要點2. 結(jié)果或措施:Because f this unhealthy mdern lifestyle, many peple try t exercise in ther ways.
要點3. 一些專家對此類鍛煉方法存疑: (1) experts believe that they are actually bad fr the bdy. (2) be dangerus...要點4. 專家建議更溫和無害的鍛煉方式: (1) These experts believe that mre gentle frms f exercise are better. (2) Meanwhile, it has the least harmful effect n yur jints and knees.
要點1. In the past, mst peple exercised every day.Nw, hwever, peple d nt take as much exercise.With mdern telecmmunicatins technlgy, they dn’t have t mve arund t get messages delivered. 轉(zhuǎn)換:With the develpment f technlgy, peple d nt exercise as much as they did.
Step3. 根據(jù)要點,轉(zhuǎn)換表達
用自己的語言將所有要點一個不漏地表達出來。
要點2.Because f this unhealthy mdern lifestyle, many peple try t exercise in ther ways.轉(zhuǎn)換:As a result, in rder t keep fit, they turn t ther ways f exercise.
要點3. Althugh thusands f peple d these srts f exercises every day, sme experts believe that they are actually bad fr the bdy.
be dangerus...
It is easy t hurt yurself if yu lift heavy weights r exercise hard fr a lng perid f time.
轉(zhuǎn)換:Sme experts think that sme srts f exercises turn ut t be bad, even dangerus, fr the bdy.
要點4. These experts believe that mre gentle frms f exercise are better. Meanwhile, it has the least harmful effect n yur jints and knees. 轉(zhuǎn)換:Therefre, mre gentle and traditinal exercises are recmmended, fr they d little damage t the human bdy.
寫好初稿后,請檢查是否包括了所有內(nèi)容要點,是否準確使用了相應的語法結(jié)構和詞匯,是否使用了語句間的連接成分,結(jié)構是否緊湊,是否是使用自己的語言,在語言表達中是否有語法錯誤和單詞拼寫錯誤,等等。 要檢查無誤后,就要認真規(guī)范地謄寫,做到字跡工整,卷面整潔。也要注意計算詞數(shù),看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。
Step4. 仔細檢查,規(guī)范謄寫
One pssible versin: With the develpment f technlgy, peple d nt exercise as much as they did. (要點 1) As a result, in rder t keep fit, they turn t ther ways f exercise. (要點 2) Sme experts think that sme srts f exercises turn ut t be bad, even dangerus, fr the bdy. (要點 3) Therefre, mre gentle and traditinal exercises are recmmended, fr they d little damage t the human bdy. (要點 4)
Sample Cmmentary
2. 使用了自己的語言來表達。
3. 使用了相應的語法結(jié)構和詞匯。如首句如原文用“With”+“ the develpment f technlgy”表示隨著科技的發(fā)展。
4. 邏輯嚴密,結(jié)構緊湊。也運用了“As a result”和“ Therefre” 等連接詞,起到了承上啟下的過渡作用,讓文章更流暢通順。
5. 詞數(shù)為64詞,符合詞數(shù)標準。
1. 涵蓋了所有內(nèi)容要點。
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