動詞不定式作定語和結(jié)果狀語
知識精講
概 念
一、動詞不定式作定語
動詞不定式作定語一般不止一個詞，通常都是動詞不定式短語。因此，作定語的動詞不定式放在名詞或代詞的后面，起修飾和限制作用。如：
Huse prices are t high, s I have n rm t live in. I have t hire a rm.
He shwed me the way t d the jb.
Tday is Sunday. I have nthing t d.
放在名詞或代詞后面作定語的不定式和名詞或代詞常構(gòu)成以下關(guān)系：
1．名詞為不定式的邏輯主語。
His father was the right persn t find the missing by.
他父親就是那個找到失蹤男孩的人。
注意：當(dāng)中心詞為序數(shù)詞，最高級，the last，the nly等或中心詞被這類詞修飾時，常用不定式作定語。
She is hard-wrking and is always the first ne t cme every day.
她很勤奮，每天總是第一個來的。
He is the nly persn t knw the truth.
他是唯一了解真相的人。
2．名詞為不定式的邏輯賓語。
Attentin，please.I have smething imprtant t say.
請注意，我有重要的事情要說。
Every day he made ne f the smaller animals bring him smething t eat.
他每天叫一個小動物給他帶來一些吃的東西。
注意：如果不定式是不及物動詞，需加介詞才能與名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系。
Give me a piece f paper t write n.
給我一張紙寫字。
She has a child t take care f.
她有一個孩子要照顧。
3．名詞與不定式是同位語關(guān)系。
Wh has the ability t d the wrk?
誰有能力做這個工作？
He is nt the kind f man t d such things.
他不是可能做這種事的人。
4．動詞不定式作定語，有被動形式。
The huse t be built next year will be fr the hmeless.
明年要建造的這所房子是給那些無家可歸的人的。
The subject t be discussed tmrrw is abut eductin.
明天要討論的主題是關(guān)于教育的。
二、動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語
動詞不定式作狀語表示結(jié)果時常用如下結(jié)構(gòu)：
1．s＋形容詞/副詞＋as t d如此……以至于……
He studied s hard as t pass the last exam.
他如此努力學(xué)習(xí)以致于通過了上次的考試。
2．such＋形容詞＋名詞＋as t d如此……以至于……
He is nt such a fl as t d that.
他還沒有蠢到做那種事。
3．enugh t d...足夠……
The by was experienced enugh t deal with such a persn.
對付那樣一個人，那個男孩很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
He walked fast enugh t keep up with his cach.
他走得很快，趕上了他的教練。
4．t＋形容詞/副詞＋t d太……而不能……
The ld wman was t weak t carry the heavy bx.
這個老太太太虛弱而搬不動這個沉重的箱子。
The Califrnian ship arrived t late t save mre peple.
加利福尼亞號來得太晚，沒能挽救更多的人。
5．在never t...結(jié)構(gòu)中
His sn left hme n a cld mrning，never t return.
他兒子在一個寒冷的早上離開了家，再也沒有回來。
注意：
(1)不定式短語表示結(jié)果時，常與nly連用，暗示一種意外的結(jié)果。
He hurried t the statin，nly t find the train had left.
他匆忙趕到車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車開走了。
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞短語也可以作結(jié)果狀語，表示由前面的事情引起的一種自然而然的結(jié)果。
His parents died early，leaving him an rphan.
他父母早亡，因此他成了孤兒。
分層提分
題組A 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1．Gerge returned after the war, nly _____ that his wife had left him.
A．findingB．t findC．being fundD．t have fund
2．He hurried t the statin, ________ the 9:30 train had already left.
A．nly t findB．fundC．t findD．finding
3．Mike and his friend went t the stadium in a hurry, nly ______ the news that the match had already been put ff.
A．being infrmedB．infrmed fC．t be infrmedD．t be infrmed f
4．He hurried t the airprt, _________ the plane _________.
A．t find; had taken nB．nly t find; had taken ff
C．nly finding; had leftD．fund; had taken up
5．I hurried t the statin, _______the train had left.
A．findingB．nly t findC．fundD．having fund
6．I picked up my phne and was abut t call yu, ________the battery was dead.
A．findingB．nly t findC．fundD．having fund
7．I’ve never been s pr ________ able t affrd a meal.
A．a(chǎn)s t be ntB．nt as t beC．a(chǎn)s nt t beD．a(chǎn)s t nt be
8．I went t see him, nly ________him ut.
A．t findB．fundC．findingD．funded
9．He hurried t the railway statin, nly ________ the train had left.
A．findB．fundC．findingD．t find
10．The man hurried t the airprt, nly ________ the plane had already taken ff.
A．t findB．t be fundC．findingD．fund
11．She hurried t her ffice by taxi,nly_____that the key had been left at hme.
A．findingB．fundC．findD．t find
12．I hurried t the meeting hall, nly______ that the meeting had been put ff.
A．t tellB．t be tldC．tellingD．tld
13．Yesterday I went t see him, ______ that he had gne fr Beijing.
A．nly t learnB．t learn nlyC．nly learnedD．learning nly
14．Afterschl we went t the reading rm t d sme reading, nly ________ that it ________.
A．being tld; was decratedB．telling, had decrated
C．t be tld; was being decratedD．tld; had been decrating
15．Have yu ever waited fr yur bus fr a very lng time, _____ by tw r mre buses arriving tgether?
A．nly t greetB．nly greetedC．nly t be greetedD．nly greeting
16．He left hme early nly______he was late as he went a wrng way.
A．fundB．t findC．findingD．being fund
17．Have yu ever rushed t get a phne cell, dripping frm the bath r chewing frm the table,_________ yu are a wrng number?
A．a(chǎn)nd being tldB．but tldC．nly t be tldD．just t tell
18．Mary rushed hme______ she heard the news, nly ______ that her husband was gne.
A．a(chǎn)s sn as; findingB．immediately; t find
C．the mment; findD．when; fund
19．He always has gd ways ________ his classes ________.
A．in making; interestingB．t make ; interested
C．t make ; interestingD．f making; interested
20．It’s getting late, s we must stp driving t lk fr a place ________.
A．t liveB．t live inC．livingD．t live n
21．What is the best way Tm can think f ______ Lucy with her study?
A．t helpB．helpingC．helpD．helped
22．In 1931, Addams became the first American wman___________ the Nbel Prize.
A．winningB．wnC．t winD．has wn
23．The huse___________ next mnth is intended fr my uncle.
A．buildingB．builtC．t be builtD．t build
24．Jhn waited fr a lng time because he was the last persn ____________t speak.
A．t askB．t be askedC．being askedD．t asked
25．Prcrastinatin can ften pse________t peple’s ability________their gals successfully, which is evident, fr example, in the fact that it is assciated with receiving wrse grades at schl.
A．a(chǎn) questin … f pursuingB．a(chǎn)n bstacle … t pursue
C．a(chǎn) dilemma … t pursueD．a(chǎn) hindrance … t pursuing
26．Vasc da Gama was a Prtuguese explrer and the first Eurpean _______ India by sea.
A．t reachB．reachingC．reachedD．reach
27．He was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as he had a train________.
A．catchingB．caughtC．t be caughtD．t catch
28．Every generatin has the duty t _____ heritage f knwledge frm the past.
A．let dwnB．pass dwnC．fall dwnD．cut dwn
29．But I learned frm Mrs Caffiere that my teachers had s much mre knwledge________.
A．t be sharedB．sharedC．t shareD．t have been shared
30．—Dn't be late! We all agree the last ne ________ pays the bill.
—N prblem! I will cme ahead f time.
A．a(chǎn)rrivedB．a(chǎn)rrivesC．a(chǎn)rrivingD．t arrive
31．This is the best way ________ yu________ the prblem.
A．fr, t slvingB．f, t slve
C．f, f slvingD．fr, t slve
32．With victries in wmen's 10m air rifle and the air rifle mixed team cmpetitin, Yang Qian became the first Chinese shter________ tw gld medals in a rw in ne Olympic Games.
A．winningB．t winC．wnD．having wn
33．The cnference ________ next mnth is bund t be a great success.
A．will take placeB．taking placeC．taken placeD．t take place
34．The teacher gave me a piece f paper ________.
A．t write nB．t be written nC．t write inD．t be written
35．Mst imprtantly, the elderly are usually the first ________ the fd because they are well ________ in China.
A．t taste; t respectB．t taste; respectedC．tasting; t respectD．tasting; respected
36．Due t the frequent schl shtings, the nly way the president culd imagine ________ such tragedies was t encurage teachers t carry guns.
A．preventingB．t prevent
C．preventedD．having prevented
37．The way he thught f ________ the prblem failed in the end.
A．t wrk utB．wrking utC．wrk utD．being wrked ut
38．The airprt ________ next year will help prmte turism in this area.
A．being cmpletedB．cmpletedC．having been cmpletedD．t be cmpleted
39．All the cuntries have the respnsibility t make the earth a better place ________.
A．live inB．living inC．t live inD．lived in
40．I have n mre letters ________，thank yu.
A．t typeB．typingC．t be typedD．typed
題組B 能力提升練
二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子
41．—The last persn ________(arrive) pays the meal.
—I agree！
42．Wang Shu, a 49-year-ld Chinese architect, is the first Chinese citizen ________(win) this award.
43．I dn’t have time ________ (sit) arund feeling srry fr myself.
44．The huse ________ there will be a library.（build）
45．Magellan was the first persn ________(sail) arund the wrld.
46．Tm wrks hard and he is always the last ne ________(leave) the classrm every day.
47．He is always the first ________ (arrive) at the schl.
48．The living cnditins there severely restricted the children’s freedm ________ (play).
49．His ability ________(get) n well with peple is his chief advantage.
50．He's always the first ne ___________(cme) t the classrm.
51．They didn’t give him a chance _____(defend) himself.
52．On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld ________(g) int space.
53．These activities seemed t satisfy my desire_____ (be) useful and t feel a meaningful cnnectin t the lives f thers.
54．There’s nthing________(indicate) that it wasn’t a straightfrward accident.
55．Keeping a diary in English is ne f the effective ways________(imprve)ur English writing ability. ________(cmpare)with ther frms f writing, it is shrter and takes less time.
56．They were the first peple_________(reach) the tp f the muntain.
57．In the early 1600s, Galile was the first _________ (use) his telescpe t explre the sky and since then, telescpes have cntinually imprved.
58．We’re having a meeting in half an hur. The decisin ________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future f ur cmpany.
59．(2019·全國II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene declared she had n plans __________(retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
60．This is the nly way we can think f ________(reduce) the veruse f water in students’ bathrms.
61．Mst f their time is spent sleeping in the trees, which is the best place ________(see) a kala.
62．China was the first cuntry ________（drink）green tea mre than 4,000 years ag and it still enjys ppularity tday.
63．Unless yu can sleep well, yu will lse the ability ________（fcus）, plan and stay mtivated after ne r tw nights.
64．His first bk ________(publish) next mnth is based n a true stry.
65．He had a lt f things ________(buy), s he arse early in the mrning and went t twn.
66．It is reprted that Armstrng is the first man _____ (step) n the mn.
67．Sme time after 10,000BC, peple made the first real attempt________（cntrl）the wrld they lived in, thrugh agriculture.
68．We must have the curage________（say）that we are ignrant.
69．He hurried t the huse nly ________ (find) that it was empty.
70．Every team is free ________(chse) its wn rute frm cntrl pint t check pint.
71．She hurried t the statin nly______ (tell) the train had gne.
72．The yung man hurried hme, nly________（find）his huse brken int.
73．The ld lady was determined, even at her age, ________（climb）the muntain t find the herb（草藥）that culd save her sick sn.
74．The infinite distances f space are t great fr the human mind________(cmprehend).
75．Students brave enugh_________(take) this adventure curse will certainly learn a lt f useful skills.
76．During rush hurs, the subway is always t crwded fr peple ________ (get) n.
77．I was t yung ________ (knw) hw t slve the prblem.
78．I hate it when she calls me at wrk — I’m always t busy t carry________a cnversatin with her.
79．Because f the tight timetable, he was nce t tired ___________(wrk).
80．Smetimes I was t weak ________ (g) t schl s my educatin suffered. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
81．I ran t fast ________ (ntice) where I was ging. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
82．Tm lifted a rck nly ________（drp）it t his wn feet. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
83．The news reprters hurried t the airprt, nly ______(tell) the film stars had left.
84．They rushed t the cinema nly ________ (tell) the tickets had been sld ut. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
85．First f all, yu must be intelligent enugh ________ (get) a related cllege degree.
86．The speech hall in ur schl is big enugh __________ ( hld) 2,000 peple.
87．When ________(ask), the man said he went hme at 2:00 am ________(tire) and nly ________(find) his huse brken int.
88．T supprt her children, she gt a jb as a babysitter fr children with mthers t busy ________(lk) after their wn children. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
89．The questin was very difficult ________(answer).
90．A tw-mnth ld baby frm Afghanistan gets a helping hand _________ (catch) sme sleep in an ld building near the twn f Mytilene n Greece's Lesbs Island n Tuesday.
題組C 培優(yōu)拔尖練
三、完成句子
91．Yesterday I went t see her_________ that she had gne abrad a week befre. (nly t d sth)
昨天我去看她,卻得知她一周前出國了。
92．他太驕傲, 不肯承認(rèn)失敗。
He is t prud________________________.
93．He went t schl withut breakfast, ________________.
他沒吃早飯就去了學(xué)校，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)大門鎖著。
94．Jane hurried t buy the ticket fr the cncert, ________that the tickets had been sld ut.
簡匆忙趕去買演唱會的門票，卻被告知票已經(jīng)賣光了。
95．He lifted a rck nly ______________________________.
他搬起石頭結(jié)果砸到了自己的腳。
96．他是第一個獲得該獎項(xiàng)的中國公民。
He is the first Chinese citizen ________.
97．明天會議上要討論的問題非常棘手。
The prblem ________ at tmrrw’s meeting is a very difficult ne.
98．I have sme clthes ________.
我有一些衣服要洗。
99．我們必須趁早找到解決這些問題的方法。
We must find a way ________these prblems befre it's t late.
100．Frankly speaking, we ________befre the Cllege Entrance Examinatin. (waste)
坦率地說,在高考之前我們沒有時間可以浪費(fèi)。

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