高中英語牛津譯林版 (2020)必修第三冊(cè)Grammar and usage學(xué)案設(shè)計(jì)-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語
知識(shí)精講
概念
動(dòng)詞-ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語等。
動(dòng)詞的-ing形式保留著動(dòng)詞的若干特征，同時(shí)又具有形容詞、副詞、名詞等特征，有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化形式。其時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)形式如下表所示。
一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語，有以下幾種情況：
1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語的位置
(1)單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語，常置于被修飾的名詞之前。有些-ing形式已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，表示“令人……”。
He brught us surprising news.
他給我們帶來了驚人的消息。
(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作定語，常置于被修飾的名詞之后。
The students running alng the street are frm N.3 Middle Schl.
沿著街跑步的學(xué)生來自第三中學(xué)。
Tell the bys playing ver there nt t make any nise.
告訴那些在那兒玩的男孩別制造噪聲。
2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語的用法
動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作定語，但有所區(qū)別。
(1)動(dòng)名詞作定語表示被修飾詞的某種性能或用途，相當(dāng)于fr引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。
N ne is allwed t speak alud in the reading rm.
閱覽室里不準(zhǔn)大聲說話。
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，它和被修飾詞之間有邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示所修飾詞進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。
The by playing ftball n the playgrund is my yunger brther.
＝The by that/wh is playing ftball n the playgrund is my yunger brther.
在操場(chǎng)上踢足球的那個(gè)男孩是我的弟弟。
(3)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語，也有被動(dòng)形式。
The tpic being discussed at the mment is abut music.
現(xiàn)在正在討論的話題是關(guān)于音樂的。
注意：現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和不定式作定語的一般區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成意義；不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。
Yu shuld adapt t the changing situatin.
你應(yīng)該適應(yīng)不斷變化的形勢(shì)。
The grund is cvered with fallen leaves.
地上滿是落葉。
I’m lking fr a rm t live in.
我正在找房子住。
二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語
1．現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語的情況
現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)在句中作狀語來修飾謂語動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式或伴隨狀況。
(1)作時(shí)間狀語
When walking dwn(＝When I was walking dwn) the street, I came acrss Tm.
沿街散步時(shí)，我偶然遇到了湯姆。
When chatting with her(＝When I was chatting with her), I fund she had a gift fr art.
聊天時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)她很有藝術(shù)天賦。
(2)作原因狀語
Respecting his father(＝Because he respected his father), he didn’t want t argue with him.
因?yàn)樽鹬厮母赣H，所以他不想和他爭論。
Nt knwing her address(＝As I dn’t knw her address), I had better telephne her t cme ver.
由于不知道她的地址，我還是打電話讓她過來為好。
(3)作條件狀語
Wrking hard(＝If yu wrk hard), yu’ll surely succeed.
如果努力工作，你就一定會(huì)成功。
Ging straight dwn the rad(＝If yu g straight dwn the rad), yu will find the canteen.
沿著這條路一直走，你就會(huì)找到食堂。
(4)作結(jié)果狀語
He cmes hme very late every evening, making his wife very angry(＝and it makes his wife very angry)．
他每天晚上回家都很晚，這使他妻子很生氣。
(5)作讓步狀語
Knwing where I live(＝Thugh he knws where I live), he never cmes t see me.
盡管知道我住哪兒，但他從不來看我。
(6)現(xiàn)在分詞作方式或伴隨狀語
Mrris lay n the grass, staring at the sky fr a lng time(＝and stared at the sky fr a lng time)．
莫里斯躺在草地上，長時(shí)間地望著天空。
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于與之對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語從句。當(dāng)作伴隨狀語及結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，可轉(zhuǎn)化為并列謂語。
三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語
動(dòng)詞-ing形式可在感官動(dòng)詞和表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如see,bserve,ntice,watch,hear,smell,feel,find等后作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示一個(gè)正在發(fā)生的或與主語(幾乎)同時(shí)發(fā)生的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作的邏輯是句子的賓語。
I nticed Tm wan playing vlleyball with his classmates.
I fund a bag lying n the grund.
動(dòng)詞-ing形式可在have ,keep,leave,set,get等表示“使”“讓”等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
The bss kept the wrkers wrking the whle night.
I can’t get the clck ging again.
分層提分
題組A 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1．—Why are yu s upset?
—There is always smene ________ my kindness.
A．takes advantage fB．taking advantage fC．t take the advantage fD．tk the advantage f
2．The children here are different in age, ________ frm 3 t 10.
A．rangingB．rangedC．in a rangeD．having a range
3．Philsphers ________back t Plat and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much thught and emphasis, and there is little dubt _________their wrk has helped shape the practice f educatin ver the millennia.
A．dated, thatB．dating, whetherC．dating, thatD．dated, whether
4．The brave yung man ______ the badly injured waiter came ut f the burning restaurant, calling cntinuusly fr help.
A．having supprtedB．supprtingC．t supprtD．supprted
5．New Zealand is a cuntry lcated n the Australia cntinent, ______ tw big islands and many smaller nes.
A．cnsisted fB．cnsisting fC．making upD．made up
6．The flwers _________ sweet attract the visitrs t the beauty f nature, which _________ in the btanic garden last year.
A．t smell; grewB．smell; were grwn
C．smelling; were grwnD．smelt; were grwing
7．I had expected________ a lt f peple________ t buy new bks at the bk fair, but nly a few shwed interest in bks f tday which are usually full f emptiness.
A．there t be; waitingB．t have; waited
C．there being; t be waitingD．were there; waiting
8．Fr an individual ______ as having gaming disrder, the WHO suggests an individual shuld have shwn significant impairment due t cmputer games fr at least 12 mnths.
A．diagnsedB．having been diagnsed
C．t be diagnsedD．being diagnsed
9．The flwers ________sweet in the garden attract the visitrs t the beauty f nature.
A．t smellB．smellingC．smeltD．t be smelt
10．________ frm errrs and what went wrng in the previus research studies will g a lng way t________fr excellence.
A．Learning … smene strivingB．T learn … being striven
C．T learn … smene being strivenD．Learning … strive
11．The Christmas tree is made frm ver 340 baskets and is the latest versin f an Ullapl traditin ________ back t 2016.
A．dateB．datedC．t dateD．dating
12．The Rainbw Bkstre, ______ 50 years ag, was clsing, ______ made me heartbrken.
A．dated back t; whichB．dating back t; which
C．dating frm; whenD．dates frm; when
13．Scientists bserved that an unexplained burst f light ________600,000 suns in brightness ccurred frm a star in the universe.
A．equaling tB．was equalC．equaledD．equaling
14．With everyne ________ him, he decided t make great cntributins t the cuntry.
A．respectingB．t respectC．respectedD．t be respected
15．And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds ________ the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
A．t surrundB．being surrundedC．surrundedD．surrunding
16．With diligent wrk ______ her a high reputatin acrss China, Yangqian’s influence has expanded beynd shting.
A．t earnB．has earnedC．earnedD．earning
17．They use cmputers t keep the traffic ______ smthly.
A．runningB．t runC．wrkingD．t wrk
18．He was surprised t find a lt f peple________ at the back f the rm ________ masks.
A．seating; wearingB．sat; wre
C．sitting; wrnD．seated; wearing
19．They saw her ______ alne n the beach with a ______ lk n her face.
A．walked; cnfusedB．walked; cnfusing
C．walking; cnfusedD．walking; cnfusing
20．He fell ver n the grund, with his teeth _________ and hands _________.
A．being set; t trembleB．setting; trembling
C．t set; trembledD．set; trembling
21．With us lng ______ that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed that plants can cmmunicate after all.
A．believeB．believingC．believedD．t believe
22．With the majrity f attempts t climb Qmlangma _______ either in ttal success r failure, is there als a scientific reasn behind this risk-taking?
A．t resultB．resultsC．resultingD．resulted
23．He's a gd watch repairer and can get the clck ________ again.
A．gingB．t gC．t be gingD．gne
24．King Jhn managed t lse his French lands in abut AD 1200， thus ________ England's tie with France.
A．brkeB．brkenC．t breakD．breaking
25．______ frm what yu say, he ught t succeed.
A．JudgedB．JudgingC．When yu judgedD．Because yu judge
26．________in the street, I came acrss an ld friend f mine.
A．T walkB．WalkedC．WalkingD．Having walked
27．________the fd, the freign guests did enjy the dinner fr the Spring Festival.
A．Eat upB．Having eaten upC．T eat upD．Eaten up
28．All the ftball players n the playgrund cheered ludly, ________ that I had a talent fr ftball.
A．sayB．saidC．t sayD．saying
29．Maybe he was carried miles int space, ________ the wrld’s first astrnaut.
A．becmesB．becameC．becmingD．t becme
30．All f a sudden, the thief walking behind a yung and beautiful wman ________ her handbag, ________ int the crwd.
A．seizing；rushingB．seizing；rushed
C．seized；rushingD．seized；rushed
題組B 能力提升練
二、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子
31．—Haven't yu seen the sign, ________ (read) “NO PHOTOS”?
—I'm really srry I didn't.
32．The participant is then given a chart ________(shw) their scre fr each type f wrk persnality.
33．The ld building ________ (date) back t the 5th century is ging t be rebuilt.
34．The cmpany,________ (cnsist) f three small factries, declared bankruptcy.
35．A persn ______________(aim) at nthing is sure t fail.
36．During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather t admire the ________(shine) mn and enjy delicius mncakes.
37．By 2025 the number f the wrld's ppulatin________ (live) in cuntries f significant water shrtage will almst duble, t 6 billin peple.
38．Mark lives in a pleasant big rm________（measure）apprximately 5 meters by 6 meters.
39．Lk ver there—there’s a very lng, winding path________(lead) t the huse.
40．His brther has a wide range f interest, ________(range) frm playing chess ________ swimming. (用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)
41．At the age f fur, she fell int an icy river and was frtunately rescued by sme lcal villagers ________（live）in Baxing Cunty in Sichuan Prvince.
42．He came acrss a precius jar ________（cntain）many gld cins.
43．Mammals ________(weigh) sixty kilgrams have an average brain size f 200 cm3.
44．This stre, _______(feature) rund-the-clck service, enjys supreme ppularity in ur cmmunity.
45．The sandstrm ________ (take) place in Mnglia nw has affected ver ten prvinces in China.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）
46．There is a library in ur twn ________ (huse) tens f thusands f bks.
47．He sent her a telegram________ (annunce) his immediate return t Lndn.
48．What impressed me in Greece was that the cean ________ (surrund) the islands was deep blue.
49．All the students ______________(belng) t the schl shall bey the rules.
50．The by ___________(lie) n the grass lied t his mther that he had finished his hmewrk.
51．During the tur, first yu shuld drive alng the new highway________(cnnect) Cusc t Lake Titicaca.
52．The next thing he saw was smke ______ (rise)frm the huse.
53．Details f the cmpetitin are available at all ________ (participate) stres.
54．There were many children ________(play) in the shade when I passed by.
55．I can’t wrk with all that nise _______(g) n.
56．The missing by was last seen ________(play) near the East Lake.
57．I heard her ________(shut) frm the bathrm and went t see what was the matter.
58．One day, when David returned hme frm wrk, he saw Jane ________(sit) in the living rm.
59．Later, I nticed a can __________(stand) upside dwn n the grill ver the fire.
60．As the stne was t heavy t mve, I left it ________ (lie) n the grund.
61．Did yu hear smene dwnstairs ________ (knck) at the dr?
62．Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign ________ (praise) the filmmakers.
63．When I went int her rm, I fund her ________ (read) a bk.
64．We can hear the children_____ (laugh) in the rm at present.
65．China’s image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries________ (recgnise) its rle in internatinal affairs.
66．With Christmas__________(apprach), a Christmas party will be held in the schl.
67．I lve my schl with students __________(wrk) hard t realize their dreams and teachers __________(help) us like ur parents．
68．When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself ________（wander）dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there.
69．He was fund________(cheat) in the final examinatin.
70．He returned t the airprt nly t find his car alarm ________ （g）ff.
71．Being alne at hme, she felt s frightened that she had the lights________ (burn) all the night.
72．Linda acts as if she were the bss, _______(rder) peple arund.
73．The students went ut f the classrm, laughing and ________ (talk).
74．Last week, gvernment-run Xinhua News Agency said the cuntry deserved credit fr the discveries, ________ (cmpare) them t the innvatins f ancient China: cmpass, gunpwder, paper, and printing.
75．Music has n bvius adaptive functin, ________ (make) scientists wh study music wnder what frces riginally gave rise t it.
76．When he was three, his parents died, _______(leave) him an rphan.
77．After the crash, 80 percent f the passengers recvered frm shck, ________ (stare) at each ther.
78．The fires burned fr three days, ________ (destry) a ttal f 25, 000 buildings.
79．________ (lack) enthusiasm fr sprts, she rejected the invitatin t a ftball game.
80．______ (cmbine) exercise with a healthy diet, yu will lse weight sner r later.
81．______ (date) back t the 18th century, Peking Opera has ver tw hundred years f histry.
82．_________(cmpare) her wrk with his, yu’ll find hers much better.
83．Red-crwned crane is a psitive symbl in Chinese culture,__________(indicate)a lng life.
84．David held his tngue, ________ (prefer) nt t speak ut n a plitically sensitive tpic.
85．_______ (judge) frm the way he talks, I’m sure he is a schlar.
86．______ (hear) the bad news, he culdn’t help crying.
87．During his travels, Li Bai visited famus muntains and great rivers,________ (encunter) different custms and practices.
88．He saw the stne, ____________(say) t himself: “The night will be very dark.”
89．Weather ________( permit), we will g camping this weekend.
90．Yu are mst likely t end up _______________ (take) ver the cmpany if yu play yur cards right.
題組C 培優(yōu)拔尖練
三、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Nvember 11, knwn as “Singles Day”, has grwn int China’s and pssibly the wrld’s __91__(busy) nline shpping day. Singles Day ___92___(create) by Chinese cllege students in the 1990s as ___93___ versin f Valentine’s Day fr peple withut rmantic partners. On that day, unattached yung peple wuld treat each ther t dinner r give gifts t chase that special smene ___94___(end) their single status. That gift-giving helped t turn ___95___ int a majr shpping event as sellers saw a marketing pprtunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is China’s ___96___(respnd) t Cyber Mnday in the US, the day after Thanksgiving weekend, ___97___ nline shpping fr Christmas begins.
Last year, ___98______99___(make) Singles Day the biggest e-cmmerce sales day n recrd. China has the biggest ppulatin f nline users in the wrld, ___100___ abut 538 millin peple nline. Nw, it fllws the U.S. and Japan in nline spending and is frecasted t rise t first place as early as this year.
主動(dòng)形式
被動(dòng)形式
時(shí)態(tài)意義
語態(tài)意義
一般式
ding
being dne
與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作(幾乎)同時(shí)發(fā)生
主動(dòng)形式：與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系
被動(dòng)形式：與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系
完成式
having dne
having been dne
明確表示先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生

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