
1. 情態(tài)動詞的定義:
情態(tài)動詞主要用以表明說話者對某一行為的態(tài)度和觀點。用在行為動詞前,表示說話者對這一動作或狀態(tài)的看法或主觀設(shè)想。表達說話者的情態(tài)主要包括能力、可能、命令、要求、許諾、威脅等。雖然數(shù)量不多,但是用途廣泛。情態(tài)動詞是表示語氣的單詞,本身雖然有一定的詞義,但不能獨立的作謂語,也沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,只能和動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。
2. 情態(tài)動詞的種類:
3. 常見情態(tài)動詞的用法
1.情態(tài)動詞近幾年??键c
總結(jié)近幾年高考語法填空對情態(tài)動詞的考查可知,主要涉及以下3點:
(1)情態(tài)動詞后要加動詞原形/系動詞be構(gòu)成謂語。
(2)含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。
(3)該用過去式時沒用,有過去式的情態(tài)動詞有:can→culd、may→might、shall→shuld、will→wuld、have t→had t、dare→dared。
2.情態(tài)動詞的基本用法
1. can
1) 表示能力,一般譯為“能、會”,尤其指生來具備的能力。
例句:Can yu speak Spanish ?
你會講西班牙語嗎?
2) 表示許可,常在口語中。
例句:Yu can phne me after six this afternn.
今天下午六點后你可以給我打電話。
3) 表示推測,意為“可能”,常用于否定句和疑問句中,此時can’t譯為“不可能”。
It can’t be ur teacher. He is n a visit t the Great Wall. 不可能是我們老師。他正在參觀長城呢。
4)表示“有時會”
此時表示不經(jīng)常發(fā)生、偶爾發(fā)生的情況。
例句:It can be quite cld here at night.
這里的夜晚有時可能很冷。
2. culd
1) can的過去式,意為“能、會”,表示過去的能力。
例句:When I was yung,I culd climb any tree in the frest.
小時候森林里的樹我都能爬上去。
2) culd在疑問句中,表示委婉請求的語氣,此時culd沒有過去式的意思。
例句:Culd yu pay this check int the bank fr me tmrrw ?
明天你能替我把支票存入銀行嗎?
3) culd have dne, 表示 “本能夠做某事”。
I culd have been t a better schl. 我本來是能夠去一個更好的學校的。(實際上并沒有)
4)表示虛擬語氣
例句:I wish I culd fly.
如果我能飛多好呀!
3. may
1) 表示請求、許可,比can正式。
May (Might) I ask fr a pht f yur baby?
我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎?
2) 表示推測,談論可能性,意為“可能,或許”,一般用于肯定句中。
It may rain tmrrw. 明天可能會下雨。
3) may的過去式為 might, might也可以表示可能性低于may(此時might沒有過去式的意思)。
He is away frm schl. He might be sick. 他離開學校了。也許是病了。
4) 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,??勺g為“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V.
例句:May bth the bride and grm have lng and happy lives.
祝新郎新娘幸福長壽。
May yu be happy! 祝你快樂!
May yu succeed! 祝你成功!
4. must
1) must 表示主觀看法,意為“必須”。
例句:Cars mustn't park in frnt f entrance.
汽車一定不要停在入口處。
Yu must stay here until I cme back. 你必須待在這里,直到我回來。
2) 對must引導的疑問句,肯定回答為must,否定回答為needn’t 或dn’t have t。
—Must I finish my hmewrk? 我必須完成作業(yè)嗎?
—N, yu needn’t. 不,你不必。
3) must也可以表示有把握的推測,意為“ 一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。
The light is n, s he must be at hme nw. 燈開著,所以他現(xiàn)在一定在家。
4) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止,不許”。
Yu mustn’t play with fire. 你不許玩火。
Yu mustn’t be late. 你不許遲到。
5. need
1) need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑問句中,其否定形式為needn’t,意為“不必”。
例句:We needn't hurry,fr there's plenty f time.
我們不必著急,因為時間很充裕。
例句:I dn't believe yu need wrry.
我認為你沒必要擔心。
2) need還可以作實義動詞,此時有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化,如果是人作主語后邊多接動詞不定式。
例句:T d whatever needs t be dne t preserve this last and greatest bastin f freedm.
為了保住這最后的、最偉大的自由堡壘,我們必須盡我們所能。
例句:Lve understands lve,it needs n talk.
愛理解愛,不需開口。
注意:如果是物作主語,一般用need ding與need t be dne,這種情況下應注意兩點:
① 主動形式的動名詞ding具有被動的含義;
② 該動名詞可以改為其動詞不定式的被動形式而句子的意義不變。
The dr needs painting. = The dr needs t be painted. 門需要被油漆。
6. dare
dare意為“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need,有兩種詞性:
1) dare作為情態(tài)動詞,多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中,無第三人稱單數(shù)形式,只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。
例句:I never dare d a parachute jump.
我從不敢跳傘。
2) dare作為實義動詞,此時有人稱、數(shù)及時態(tài)的變化。
He desn’t dare t break his prmise. 他不敢違背承諾。
7. shall
shall表示征求對方意見(多用于第一、三人稱)
1)表征詢意見,用于第一、第三人稱疑問句。
Shall I get yu sme tea?
我給你點茶好嗎?
2)表說話人的意愿,有“命令、允諾、警告、決心”等意思,用于第二、第三人稱陳述句。
Yu shall have my answer tmrrw.
你明天可以得到我的答復。(允諾)
8. shuld
1) shuld 意為“應該”,可表示勸告、建議、義務、責任等。
Yu shuldn′t waste any time. 你不應該浪費時間。
2) 意為“竟然”,表示一種意料之外語氣。
I culdn’t believe he shuld say that. 我簡直不敢相信他竟然說出那種話。
3) shuld have dne 意為”本應該做某事而沒做“,表示對過去動作的責備、批評。
Yu shuld have finished yur hmewrk. 你本應該完成作業(yè)的。(實際上沒有)
9. will
1)表意愿,用于各種人稱陳述句。
I will d anything fr yu.
我愿為你做任何事。
2)表請求,用于疑問句。
Will yu clse the windw? It′s a bit cld.
請你把窗戶關(guān)上好嗎?有點冷。
10. had better
had better 意為“最好”,沒有人稱的變化,后面接不帶t的不定式,其否定形式為:had better nt。
We had better g nw. 你最好現(xiàn)在去。
10.ught t
1)表示應該
表示說話者認為“應該做”。
例句:Yu ught nt t let ut the secret.
你不該泄露這個秘密。
2)表示推測
表示說話者根據(jù)一定的依據(jù)進行推測,常譯為“按道理說應該”。
例句:They ught t win,they've trained hard enugh.
他們應該能贏,他們訓練夠刻苦的。
分層提分
題組A 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)練
一、單項選擇
1.I can’t find my purse. I ________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m nt sure.
A.shuld have leftB.must have leftC.might have leftD.can have left
2.The sign ver there reads, “N persn _____ smke r carry a lighted cigarette in this area.”
A.shallB.mayC.willD.shuld
3.It’s quite early. We ______ wrry abut the time.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.may ntD.can’t
4.________ yu help me mve the table upstairs?
A.MustB.ShuldC.CuldD.Need
5.---______ yu pssibly take me t the railway statin n yur way t wrk tmrrw?
---N prblem.
A.MayB.MightC.ShuldD.Culd
6.—He is a very gd tennis player; yu ______ see him in actin.
—That’s exactly what I want!
A.ught tB.a(chǎn)re able tC.mustn’tD.might nt
7.He is a shy persn and he ________ nt deliver a speech in frnt f the classmates.
A.mustB.dareC.needD.may
8.— Why dn’t yu enter the ffice? They are waiting fr yu.
— The dr ________ pen, n matter hw hard I pushed.
A.wn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
9.I ________ thank yu enugh fr all yur help t my sn while we were away frm hme.
A.wn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t
10.Yu ________ wrry abut their safety. They are ld enugh t take care f themselves.
A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.wuldn’t
11.I didn’t mean t hurt yu. What I meant was that yu ________ have spken t him like that.
A.shuldn’tB.mustn’tC.wuldn’tD.culdn’t
12.Watch ut! That tree ________ fall dwn.
A.will beB.shallC.wuldD.is ging t
13.—What is an ideal team leader like?
—He ________ be respnsible, determined and creative.
A.canB.mayC.wuldD.shuld
14.I________ there s early because she didn't cme until 10.
A.didn't need t getB.culdn't have gt
C.needn't have gtD.mustn't have gt
15.Yu ________ wrry abut him. He will get well sn.
A.needn'tB.can'tC.mustn'tD.may nt
16.He is extremely tired these days, and he has ________ his task in time.
A.finishedB.finishingC.t finishingD.t finish
17.The grund is wet. It ________ have rained last night.
A.willB.mustC.shuldD.may
18.—Mum, must I cme back befre five 'clck?
—N, yu ________. Just get hme befre dinner.
A.mustn’tB.needn'tC.shuldn'tD.culdn't
19.This cmputer isn’t wrking as it _______.
A.shuldB.willC.mustD.can
20.— Is Lang Lang ging t perfrm at Art Center this Friday?
— Yes. It ________ be him. He has been here fr three days.
A.mightB.mustC.mustn’tD.may
21.—________ yu mind my pening the windw?"
—Nt at all.
A.ShallB.ShuldC.WillD.Wuld
22.Ought yu ________ hands befre yu have meals?
A.t washB.washC.washingD.nt wash
23.I ________ like t make a suggestin.
A.culdB.wuldC.mustD.might
24.—Wh’s that persn in the street? Is it Mr. Liu?
—It ________ be him. Because Mr. Liu is ill in hspital already.
A.mustn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.maybe
25.I ________ t make my plan fr the final exam in advance, but I ________.
A.wuld decide; didB.culd have decided; can't
C.might decide; didn'tD.shuld have decided; didn't
26.—Wuld yu like t g swimming with me this afternn?
—I’d lve t. But I’ m afraid I________. I have t much wrk t d.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.may nt
27.— I can’t understand why he _________ s angry. I meant n ffence.
— It’s typical f him t be s sensitive.
A.must have beenB.shuld have been
C.might have beenD.can have been
28.—Whse bike is this?
—It________belng t Adam. Lk! His bag is n it.
A.mustB.mayC.willD.can
29.―Lk at the wman standing under the big tree. Is she yur aunt Mrs. Brwn?
―N, it ________ be her. She’s gne t Shanghai fr a meeting.
A.may ntB.needn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t
30.—Lk, the by is crying sadly.
—Yes. Frm my pint f view, his mther ________ nt have punished him s severely.
A.canB.mustC.shuldD.may
題組B 能力提升練
二、用單詞的適當形式完成句子
31.Whenever she had time, she________ (help) them in the wrk.
32.Vice manipulatin technlgies may ________(weak) that gradually.
33.It is illegal and culd________(danger)ther peple’s lives.
34.He ften travels with his sn in the hpe that it can________(brad)his hrizns.
35.It ________ be really cld in Nvember in Hefei thugh we usually have warm and sunny days.
36.Rather than getting caught up in hw yu culd ________(d)better, why nt ffer yurself a cmpassinate respnse?
37.Paul did a great jb in the speech cntest. He must ________(practise)many times last week.
38.He ________ (will) read in the sun.
39.Yu shuld ________ (reliable) n yur wn judgement.
40.Mr. White has just bught a new car. His bss must ___________(increase) his salary.
41.Fd webs may________ (dminate) by many weak links because that arrangement is mre stable ver the lng term.
42.We had better nt ________ (pay) t much attentin t the kid’s mistakes.
43.I’m afraid that yur parents wn’t ________ (apprval) f yur wrking in the remte village.
44.The mther can nt ________(tlerance) his child's rude behavir.
45.She ught ________ (stp) wrk; she has a headache because she has been reading all day lng.
46.The children must ______ (get)lst in the wds; therwise, they wuld have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
47.Yu’d better ________ what the teacher said befre yu frget it.
48.1 must leave nw because I have t ________ (attend) sme urgent things.
49.The atmsphere in the rm was s stuffy that I culd hardly ________ (呼吸).
50.—Ought he ________ get dwn t his wrk at nce?
—Yes, he ught t.
三、完成句子
51.任何人,無論是誰,都要通過身份檢查。
Any persn, _______ _______wh they are, must_______ _______the identity check.
52.不管什么背景,人人都可以創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)。
Everyne ________ ________ ________ ________ their backgrund.
53.我不知道應該寫信還是應該打電話。
I wndered________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
54.——在人群中你是怎么輕易認出我的妹妹的?
——因為她穿著鮮紅的裙子,十分顯眼。
—Hw culd yu________ ________my sister s easily in the crwd?
—Because she std ut in her bright red dress.
55.如果你需要,你可以查閱你的筆記。
Yu may__________ __________ __________ __________if yu want.
56.外部世界通過所有這些窗口來了解中國。
All these windws ________ ________ the utside wrld can ________ ________ China.
57.他們的寫作課或許還有一個空余的名額。
They might just ________ ________ ________ ________ n the writing curse.
58.There cmes a time when _______________________.
新舊更替的時代已經(jīng)到來。
59.現(xiàn)在進入就業(yè)市場的人必須(比過去)適應性更強。
Peple entering the jb market tday must ________ ________ ________.
60.我們應該尊敬他,把他看作忠于職守的典范。
We shuld________ ________ ________ him viewing him as an example f devtin t duty.情態(tài)動詞
詞義
否定形式
詞義
can
能夠,會
can’t
不能,不會
culd
能夠,會
culdn’t
不能,不會
may
可以
/
/
must
必須
mustn’t
不允許,不能
shall
將,要
shan’t
將不要
shuld
應該
shuldn’t
不應該
need
需要
needn’t
不必
wuld
將會,愿
wuldn’t
不會,不愿
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