Explring the rules
Typhn, hurricane, trnad …
What shuld peple d during a strng strm?
Stay inside and clse and lck all the windws and drs. Listen t the radi t keep infrmed f what is ging n ...
Read the dialgue n Page 20 .
Anna is interviewing her teacher, Mr Li, abut his experiences during a hurricane.
After reading, please answer the fllwing questins.
1. Hw did Mr Li knw that the hurricane was cming? Frm the lcal news n TV.
2. What made Mr Li scared during the hurricane?The pwer failure.
3. A hurricane is destructive. In what details can we knw it is destructive in this text? Please find them ut.The rad was blcked.There may be the pwer failure.Many huge trees lay acrss the street and water was seen everywhere.There was a lt f damage and suffering.
4. What shuld we d when a hurricane hits?
First, we shuld stay inside, because ging utside during a hurricane is much t dangerus.Secnd, we shuld prepare enugh fd and water t last a whle week.
Read the passage abut an interview and cmplete the tasks (P20)
Find the sentences with t-infinitives
I lked ut f the windw, nly t see huge trees lying acrss the street and water everywhere.
There was nthing fr me t d.
I had enugh fd and water t last a whle week.
Wrking ut the rules
When the t-infintive is used as an attributive, it is ften put (befre/after) the nun r prnun it mdifies.When the t-infintive is used as an adverbial f result, it can refer t an __________ (expected/unexpected) result. In this case, we ften use nly befre the t-infinitive.
What’s the functin f the t-infinitives in the fllwing sentences?
During a strng strm, we shuld stay at hme and listen t the radi t keep infrmed f what is ging n. Besides a radi, we can have a cmputer r a smart phne t update the infrmatin.
Adverbial f purpse
After the strng strm, we were very amazed t see that ur huse was in gd cnditin and ur grandparents were very delighted t knw that we were safe and sund.
Adverbial f result
She signalled her students t exit the classrm in an rderly line cvering their heads with their hands. And the headmaster asked them t stay utside until the strm was ver.
Object cmplement
1. Alice Brwn, head teacher, was teaching when the flr began t shake.2. It was very dangerus t stay inside during the hurricane.3. My jb tday was t keep the student calm utside.
Predicative
T have a healthy diet keeps us fit.T finish yur hmewrk n time every day is yur duty.
It keeps us fit t have a healthy diet.It is yur duty t finish yur hmewrk n time every day.
熟記以下句型：It is + adj. + t d sth.It is + a/an + n (pleasure ,pity, crime, hnr…) + t d sthIt is +adj.+ fr sb. +t d sth.It is +adj(表人品的)+ f sb.+ t d sth.It tk(sb) sme time / curage/ wisdm… +t d sth.It is n use/gd /useful/ useless / a waste f time + ding sth.
Practice makes perfect
每天閱讀是很有用的。對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)獲得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)是一個(gè)巨大的榮譽(yù)。從超市買(mǎi)菜比從菜農(nóng)那里買(mǎi)要貴。
It's mre expensive t buy vegetables frm supermarkets than frm farmers.
It is useful t read every day.
It's a great hnr fr her t win this award
1. __________ is my dream _____________(travel) t the mn by is an hnr _________(get) the gld medal in the Olympics3.It is necessary fr us _______(be) cnstantly reminded f ur shrtcmings.4. It is n gd_____________(pretend) t knw what yu dn’t knw. 5.It tk them five years ___________(build) the bridge.
They are cnsidering what t d next.Sme wh were famus in their wn times wuld find it difficult t achieve success tday.
熟記以下單詞：decide，determine，wish，plan，want，manage，try，affrd，prmise，arrange，desire，pretend，refuse，expect，hpe，learn，ffer，fail，agree，frget，prefer，...
用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
記憶口訣三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)（hpe，wish，want，agree，prmise） 兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕（demand, ask, refuse） 設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定（manage，learn, decide） 不要假裝在選擇（pretend，chse） 打算提出兩計(jì)劃（intend, ffer,plan, mean) 申請(qǐng)失敗負(fù)擔(dān)起 (apply,fail, affrd) 準(zhǔn)備渴望又碰巧 (prepare,desire, happen)
1.We agreed __________(meet) here but s far she hasn’t turned up Smith determined ________(g) t the his father came in , he pretended ________________(study).4. I find it interesting ___________(learn) cnsidered it his duty _________(care) abut the hmeless think it necessary ____________(increase) the salary.
t be studying
注意：不定式作某些特殊動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ), 而把真賓語(yǔ)不定式和動(dòng)名詞放在句末。think/cnsider/ find / feel / make /beilieve + it + adj / n + t d sth
What she wants t d mst nw is (t) travel abrad. The mst imprtant thing is t take measures t prevent the pllutin.
My wish is t be a dctr.Fr him, the first step is t find an ffice jb.The main purpse f the meeting was t elect a new manager.
我的愿望是成為一名醫(yī)生。
對(duì)于他來(lái)說(shuō)，第一步就是找一個(gè)辦公室的工作。
這次會(huì)議的主要目的是選一名新經(jīng)理。
The meeting t be held tmrrw is imprtant.I am s busy I have n time t write a letter.
I need a pen t write with.
不定式作定語(yǔ)通常放在其修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間是主謂關(guān)系、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系或修飾關(guān)系。
1.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，一般置于被修飾的名詞或代詞后面
Is this the best way t help him? 這是幫他的最佳方法嗎？Yur wish t be a teacher is quite understandable. 你想成為一個(gè)教師的愿望是可以理解的。?
① 名詞或代詞為動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)(主謂關(guān)系)。如：
Wendy was the first student t arrive at schl.
②名詞或代詞為不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)。如：
I have a meeting t attend.
Tip:如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，需要加介詞才能與名詞之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：
This is a gd tpic t talk abut.
2.不定式作定語(yǔ)與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間常有一定的邏輯關(guān)系。
③ 名詞與不定式是同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系(動(dòng)詞不定式與所修飾的名詞指代的內(nèi)容一致)。如：
I have a wish t g t cllege.We shuld have the curage t face any difficulty.They have fund ut a way t help the villages get rid f pverty.
常接不定式作定語(yǔ)的抽象名詞有：ability, ambitin, chance, wish, attempt, decisin, mment, need, plan, prmise, reasn, time, way, curage, pprtunity 等。
3. 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，有被動(dòng)形式。如：
The huse t be built there will be a library.She made a list f the peple t be invited.
4. 當(dāng)中心詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)及the next, the nly, the last等限定時(shí)，常用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。
She was the first wman t win the gld medal in the Olympic Games.She is the nly persn t be admitted t the cmmittee.
在那兒要建的房子將是一個(gè)圖書(shū)館。
她列了一張要邀請(qǐng)的人的名單。
她是第一個(gè)在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得金牌的女子。
她是唯一獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入委員會(huì)的人。
1. D yu knw wh is the first Chinese ________ (walk) n the mn? 2. D yu have anything ________(say)? If nt, we will put an end t the meeting.3. He has n friend _______________(depend).4. Are yu ging t the meeting ____________(hld) next week?5. The new building ________________ ( cmplete) next year will be a city museum.6. There may be an pprtunity fr yu _______ (see) the famus star.
t depend n
t be cmpleted
5. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
My teacher asked me t g there n time.She was cnsidered t have stlen the mney.常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的詞有：ask, encurage, frce, permit, urge, direct, enable, invite, rder, want, wish等(1)My?mm?encuraged?me ____________________ (imprve)my?writing?skills.(2)He ften?makes?his?little?sister?________(cry).
作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不用t的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：一感(feel), 二聽(tīng)(listen t, hear), 三讓(make, let, have), 四看(see, lk at, watch, ntice)。
I ften hear the girl sing in English
我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到這個(gè)女孩唱英語(yǔ)歌
I see him enter the classrm.
考點(diǎn)歸納： 1.感官動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)
see,watch ,bserve, lk at,ntice hearlisten tfeel
sb d sthsb ding sthsth dne
I saw her ________ (read) an English pem yesterday.She was seen __________ (read) an English pem yesterday.He ________(see) t crss the rad. I ________(see) him crss the rad. I heard her ________ (sing) a sng when I passed by her rm.I heard a sng _________ (sing) by a little girl yesterday.
2.使役動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ): have let make
⑴ have sb d sth: have sb /sth ding sth: have sth dne:
使某人/某物一直做某事
⑵ make sb d sth: make neself dne:
I had my car ______ (wash) last week.I’m very busy. I have a lt f files ________ (type).Jim ften makes his sister ________ (cry), but this mrning he was made __________ (cry) by his sister.The place is nisy s he shuted t make himself ________ (hear).Yu’d better nt have the light ________ (burn) all day lng.I have had my bike___________(repair), and I'm ging t have smebdy ______(repair)my radi tmrrw.
總結(jié): 動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)(sb.) + t d sth
adviseallwaskbeg cause encurageexpectfrbidget intendinvitelikelve rderpersuadepreferpermitrequireteach tellwantwarnwish
6. 不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)
Tim sat near the fire t get warm.The athletes practised hard t win the match.
相當(dāng)于用in rder (nt) t，s as (nt) t引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ).I gt up early s as t get t schl n time.He was s careless as t leave his car unlcked.
常用enugh t，sufficient t，nly t，never t，s + 形容詞/副詞 + as t, such + 名詞… as t d引導(dǎo)。Wuld yu be s kind as t clse the dr, please?I tried the dr, nly t find it lcked inside.He is brave enugh t g ut alne at nightI’m nt such a fl as t believe that.
動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
1. 在 t…t… (太……而不能)結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示反面結(jié)果，如：
It’s never t late t learn.The case was t heavy t be carried by a child.
2. 在 …enugh t… (足夠……以至于……)結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：
I was frtunate enugh t get the ticket.The hall is large enugh t hld 3,000 peple.
這箱子太重了，小孩搬不動(dòng)
我很幸運(yùn)地得到了那張票。
這個(gè)大廳足夠大，可以容納3000人。
3. 在 never t… (不再)結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以接后續(xù)的結(jié)果。如：
He left hme, never t return.She left, never t be seen again.
4. 在 nly t… (卻，不料)結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式常表示沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的結(jié)果。如：
I hurried t the statin, nly t find the train gne.He returned after the war, nly t be tld that his wife had left him.
他離開(kāi)了家，再也沒(méi)有回來(lái)。
她走了，再也沒(méi)人見(jiàn)過(guò)她。
我匆忙趕到車(chē)站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后他回來(lái)，卻被告知妻子已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了他。
5. 在 s… as t…（如此...以至于） 結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：
She was s angry as t be unable t speak.
We are nt such fls as t believe him. She wn’t be such a careless persn as t frget t lck the dr.
6. 在 such + 名詞 +as t… (如此...以至于)結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：
她氣得連話都說(shuō)不出來(lái)了。
我們沒(méi)有愚蠢到相信他的地步。
她不會(huì)粗心到忘記鎖門(mén)的地步。
1. The gds are t heavy ________(carry).2. I hurried t his huse, nly ________(find) that he was nt at hme.3. I ran t the schl, nly _____________ (infrm) that I wasn’t admitted by Peking University. 4. This man was strng enugh _______(lift)the heavy stne.5. Dinsaurs have died ut n the earth, never __________(see) again.6. He is such a fl ____________ able t answer the questin.
t be infrmed
8. 不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)
After the strng strm, we were very amazed t see that ur huse was in gd cnditin and ur grandparents were very delighted t knw that we were safe and sund.I am happy t see yu.She was sad t hear the bad news.
目的狀語(yǔ)還可以用__________或_______來(lái)表示，但________不能置于句首。
The crnavirus requires the gvernment and the public t react even mre quickly t any signs r symptms f infectin, in rder t halt the spread f the virus and prevent the medical system frm being verwhelmed and the death tll(毀壞或傷亡人數(shù)) frm rising.
I'm s excited t be here.All f us are surprised t see his rapid prgress.
不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)常用于表_____________之后。
表示不定式中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。The nvel was said t have been published.I regret t have been with yu fr s many years.seem、appear、be said、be suppsed、be believed、be thught、be knwn、be reprted等動(dòng)詞常用于上面句型。
10. 不定式的省略現(xiàn)象，即用動(dòng)詞原形的情況
不定式在感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, watch, ntice, lk at , listen t, verhear, bserve 和使役動(dòng)詞 have, make, let 后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)。 I watched him disappear in the distance. 介詞but ,except, besides 后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞d,不定式要省去t。 We did nthing but/except wait. ???不定式符號(hào)t作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的省略。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有行為動(dòng)詞d, 作表語(yǔ)的不定式t可省略。 What I want t d nw is find sme bks t read. ?
11. 不定式后動(dòng)詞的省略
1. 動(dòng)詞lve, mean, want, hate, like,? wish, expect, hpe，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) t 等后面接不定式時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動(dòng)詞，只保留t不定式符號(hào)。
2. 句式 wuld have dne…, shuld have dne…, ught t have dne…, needn’t have dne …, used t be …等省略形式要保留不定式后的be或have。 ---Are yu a sailr ? --- N, but I used t be (a sailr ). ??? ---Have yu finished yur hmewrk yet? --- N, but I shuld have (finished). ?
不定式口訣 本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主表賓補(bǔ)定和狀。 樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語(yǔ)它不敢。 用時(shí)千萬(wàn)要當(dāng)心，有時(shí)它把句型改， 作主賓時(shí)用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。 七個(gè)感官三使役， 賓補(bǔ)要把t甩開(kāi)； 疑問(wèn)詞后接上它，賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)； 邏輯主語(yǔ)不定式，不定式前fr sb. ; t前nt表否定， 各種用法區(qū)別開(kāi)。
1.Gerge returned after the war, nly_________(tell) that his wife had left him.2. — Is Bb still perfrming? — I'm afraid nt. He is said___________ (leave) the stage already as he has becme an fficial.3. I dn't want ________(sund)like I' m speaking ill f anybdy, but the manager' s plan is unfair. 4. ________(ensure) the safety f gas, the gvernment has checked the city's gas supply system thrughly.5. We were astnished _______ (find) the temple still in its riginal cnditin.6. Tm asked the candy makers if they culd make the chclate easier _________(break) int small pieces.
t have left
Applying the rules
a. bjectb. bject cmplementc. attributived. adverbial f purpsee. adverbial f result
______ 1 I’m srry that I cannt cme t yur birthday party tmrrw as I have an imprtant meeting t attend.______ 2 She hurried t the cinema, nly t find all the tickets had been sld ut.______ 3 I ask yu t cmplete the task n yur wn.______ 4 T reach the summit, we need a lcal guide.______ 5 We must learn t walk befre we can run.______ 6 I’m afraid they will have a difficult decisin t make.______ 7 T avid lsing a gd friend, yu need t aplgize as sn as pssible.______ 8 He left his hmetwn, never t be heard frm again.______ 9 We agreed t change ur plan at the meeting.______ 10 She invited me t watch a film.
______1 I’m srry that I cannt cme t yur birthday party tmrrw as i have an imprtant meeting t attend.______2 She hurried t the cinema, nly t find all the tickets had been sld ut.______ 3 I ask yu t cmplete the task n yur wn.______ 4 T reach the summit, we need a lcal guide.______ 5 We must learn t walk befre we can run.
______ 6 I’m afraid they will have a difficult decisin t make.______ 7 T avid lsing a gd friend, yu need t aplgize as sn as pssible.______ 8 He left his hmetwn, never t be heard frm again.______ 9 We agreed t change ur plan at the meeting.______ 10 She invited me t watch a film.
Please cmplete the exercises n Page 21
t find bks abut hurricanes in the schl library
t find he wasn’t in
t make PPT slides fr my prject
was actually the first t leave
t keep us warm
wanted t return hme as sn as pssible
nly t find it cmpletely destryed
advised us t take an active part in the rebuilding
單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Researchers frm Brigham Yung University discvered that fathers are in a unique psitin ____________ (help) their adlescent children learn persistence.2．Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as large brains and the ability ____________ (walk) upright n tw legs.3．It seems a little crazy nce senir year hits t find the time_______ (visit) cllege campuses, and it can als be pricey if the schls yu are applying t happen t be mre than a car ride away.
4．D yu want a rm that's full f life? Prfessinal? Or are yu just lking fr a place ____________ (relax) after a lng day?5．Milwaukee, Wiscnsin, is rad testing a new way __________ (keep) winter rads ice-free—by spreading n them cheese brine, the salty liquid used t make sft cheeses, like mzzarella.6．A cmmittee f teachers will evaluate materials and give pinins. Students then have an pprtunity ____________ (imprve) their prducts.7．I tk ntes during the meeting, but I haven't had a chance ____________ (write) them int a reprt s far.8．After that, feeling the need ____________ (explre) further, I decided t drp in n ne f ASL club's meetings.9．I fund the pre-hlidays a gd time ____________ (encurage) yung children t dnate less-used things, and it wrked.
10．The plum trees are the first ____________ (flwer) even as the snw is melting.11．Cyclists jump n and ff pavements (which are meant fr pedestrians), ride at speed alng the pavements, and think they have a special right ____________ (g) thrugh traffic lights when they are n red.12．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, prud Irene declared she had n plans____________ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.13．What is the best way yu can imagine ____________ (reduce) the veruse f water in ur schl?14．In many hmes in the UK, the first persn____________ (wake) up has t make tea fr the family.
15．We had better put ff interviewing the athlete, fr he is busy preparing fr an internatinal cntest ____________(hld) in Shanghai next mnth.16．In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man__________ (win) an Olympic gld medal in swimming.17．In the “mn garden” nbard the Chang'e 4, the shts f cttn marked the first live matter ever ____________ (grw) n the mn.18．N ffence, but I want t say that the driver is nt the ne ____________ (blame) fr the accident.19．It was fficially reprted that the first mammal __________ (clne) successfully frm an adult cell was Dlly the Sheep.20．The lecture____________ (fllw) will include the radical changes brught abut by the French Revlutin.

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這是一份牛津譯林版 (2019)選擇性必修 第三冊(cè)Grammar and usage背景圖ppt課件，共40頁(yè)。PPT課件主要包含了 that， whether，陳述句， 主語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序， That， Whether， If，連接代詞，Who，What等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

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高中英語(yǔ)牛津譯林版 (2020)必修 第三冊(cè)電子課本

Grammar and usage

版本： 牛津譯林版 (2020)

年級(jí)： 必修 第三冊(cè)

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