知識精講
知識點01 目標詞匯
1.injure vt. 傷害；使受傷； 損害
原文：Only 5 students suffered slight injuries, despite the current figures 200 injured in the disaster area at large.
【詞塊積累】
(1)injured adj. 受傷的
the injured 傷員
(2)injury n. 傷；傷口；傷害
d sb. an injury/d an injury t sb. 傷害某人
【鏈接高考】
(2020·全國Ⅰ卷) As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers.
因此, 她說, 一些與跑步有關的損傷, 比如跑步者的膝傷, 在競走者中并不常見。
（2018北京卷）A mnth befre my first marathn, ne f my ankles was injured and this meant nt running fr tw weeks, leaving me nly tw weeks t train.在 我第一次參加馬拉松比賽的一個月前，我的一個腳踝受傷了，這意味著我兩周不能跑步，只剩下兩周的訓練時間。
（2017全國卷II）These chemicals cme frm the injured parts f the plant and seem t be an alarm. 這些化學物質(zhì)來自植物受傷的部分，似乎是一個警報。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
1.Tw peple ________ (嚴重受傷) in the rad accident last night.
2. ________ (受傷者) were taken t the nearest hspital.
3.What yu said just nw _________ (傷她的自尊).S she was very upset.
【詞義辨析】injure, harm, wund, hurt
2.reactin n.反應，回應；抗拒；化學反應
原文：Her students' reactin was quick and crrect--they mved under their desks, head first, and held n t the legs f the desks.
【詞塊積累】
(1)reactin t...對……的反應
(2)react v.作出反應；回應
react t對……作出反應；回應……
react with... 與……起反應
react against 反抗
【鏈接高考】
（2020浙江卷）In the past, there was ften an autmatic reactin t increased traffic: just widen the rads, says Mark Pch, the Bellevue Transprtatin Department’s traffic engineering manager.
貝爾維尤運輸部(Bellevue Transprtatin Department)交通工程經(jīng)理馬克·波奇(Mark Pch)說，過去，人們對交通流量增加往往會有一種自動反應：只要拓寬道路就行了。
（2017全國卷III）But we all have t accept that as we get lder ur reactins slw dwn and this ften results in peple aviding any ptentially challenging driving cnditins and lsing cnfidence in their driving skills.
但我們都必須承認，隨著年齡的增長，我們的反應會變慢，這往往會導致人們避免任何可能具有挑戰(zhàn)性的駕駛條件，并對自己的駕駛技術失去信心。
（2013四川卷）The study tested 20 healthy vlunteers n their reactins t fear as they were shwn pictures f fearful faces. 這項研究測試了20名健康的志愿者，當他們看到恐懼面孔的圖片時，他們對恐懼的反應。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
1.It shws us hw irn reacts ______ air.
2.The residents ften react _________ the fficials.
這些居民經(jīng)常與這些官員對抗。
3.你認為他會對這個壞消息作何反應？
①Hw d yu think ______________________________________？(react)
②What d yu think ______________________________________？(reactin)
3.cnfirm vt.證實，確認；使確信；批準
原文：After a rll call cnfirmed that all were safe and sund，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each ther.
點名確認所有人都安然無恙后，他們才放松下來，笑啊，哭啊，互相擁抱著。
【詞塊積累】
(1) cnfirm ne’s pinin 證明某人的觀點
It has been cnfirmed that 已確認
cnfirm ne's belief/ determinatin堅定某人的信念/決心
cnfirm sb. in sth.使某人堅信某事
cnfirmatin n.證實；確認
【鏈接高考】
(2020·全國Ⅱ卷) The fficial cnfirmed that the paintings were riginals and wrth as much as $50 millin.
官員證實了這兩幅畫是真跡, 價值五千萬美元。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
1.______________________________ the meeting will take place next week.
已經(jīng)確定會議將于下個星期召開。
2.The latest evidence cnfirmed me ______ his hnesty.
3.I'm still waiting fr _______________(cnfirm) f the test results.
4.(2020.江蘇閱讀理解改編) The daily number f newly cured and discharged patients exceeded that f the newly ____________ cases.
4. signal vi.& vt.發(fā)信號，示意；標志n.信號，暗號；信號燈；標志
原文：She signalled t her students t exit the classrm in an rderly line cvering their heads with their hands.她示意學生們抱著頭，排好隊，有序離開教室。
【詞塊積累】
(1)a danger/warning signal 危險/警告信號
traffic signals 交通信號燈
(2)signal (t)sb.t d sth. 示意某人做某事
signal t sb. 向某人示意
signal (sb.)that... 示意(某人)……
【鏈接高考】
（2021浙江卷1月）In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signaling " Climb n me. “
在一個案例中，一位母親把腳伸給哭鬧的嬰兒，示意“爬到我身上來?！?
（2020浙江卷）Bellevue, a fast-grwing city just east f Seattle, uses a system that is gaining ppularity arund the US: intersectin(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time t traffic cnditins. These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.
位于西雅圖東部的貝爾維尤是一個快速發(fā)展的城市，該市使用的一種系統(tǒng)在美國越來越受歡迎:可以根據(jù)交通狀況實時調(diào)整的十字路口信號。 這些燈被稱為自適應信號，已經(jīng)顯著降低了往返于工作和家庭之間的麻煩和成本。
【詞義辨析】signal，sign，symbl，mark
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
①The guard seems t be signalling us with his arm.
②The pliceman signalled us (crss)the rad.
③Tm turned left at the traffic (signal).
④The gentleman signalled me with a smile.
5.ccur vi 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在于
原文：Sabrina had just learnt abut tsunamis in a Gegraphy lessn. It immediately ccurred t her that these were signs f an appraching tsunami.
【詞塊積累】
(1)sth. ccurs/ccurred t sb. 某人突然想起某事；某人發(fā)生某事
It ccurs t sb. d... 某人突然想到……
(2)ccurrence n.出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生，事件
【鏈接高考】
(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag.
我們是進化的產(chǎn)物, 而不僅僅是數(shù)十億年前發(fā)生的進化。
（2019北京卷）In a wrld that warms up by 3℃，it fund that multiple changes t the clur f the ceans wuld ccur. 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一個升溫3℃的世界里，海洋的顏色會發(fā)生多種變化。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
① A brilliant idea ccurred ______ me this mrning when I was brushing my teeth.
② I suppse it didn't ccur t yu _______ (phne) the plice.
③An idea f develping turism in this regin ____________（我想到）.
④It ccurred t me _________________________(和他交流意見）.
⑤___________________(他忽然想到）he had nt turned the cmputer ff.
6.relief n. 寬慰，輕松；減輕，消除；救濟
原文：T her great relief, the fficer immediately realized the cming danger.
使她大為寬慰的是，這名安全員立即意識到了即將到來的危險。
【詞塊積累】
(1)t ne’s relief令某人欣慰的是
with relief欣慰地；如釋重負地
It’s a relief t d sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的。
(2)relieve vt.減輕；解除；救援
relieve sb. f... 減輕某人的……；將某人從……中解脫出來
(3)relieved adj.感到寬慰的
【鏈接高考】
(2020·浙江高考) Thugh still trembling with fear, we felt relieved and safe.
雖然依然因恐懼而顫抖, 我們感到寬慰了、安全了。
（2019全國卷II）Still, mst f us vlunteers breathe a sigh f relief when the seasn cmes t a clse. 盡管如此，當這個季節(jié)結(jié)束時，我們大多數(shù)志愿者都松了一口氣。
（2016江蘇卷）Accrding t the Overseas Develpment Institute (ODI), hwever, just 12% f disaster-relief funding in the past tw decades has gne n reducing risks in advance, rather than recvery and rebuilding afterwards. 然而，根據(jù)海外發(fā)展研究所(ODI)的數(shù)據(jù)，在過去20年里，只有12%的救災資金用于提前降低風險，而不是在事后進行恢復和重建。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
① She smiled ___ relief after she heard her sn had been admitted t Tsinghua University.
② -Dn't wrry, Mum. The dctr said it was nly the flu.
-What ______ relief! I'll tell Dad there's nthing serius.
③ In a way it was a relief ______ (knw) exactly what was happening.
④ A dctr is t wrk fr the _______ (relieve) f patients' suffering.
⑤ _______ ur relief, the ld temples in this regin were nly slightly damaged in the disaster.
7.infrm vt. 通知；了解，熟悉
原文：Remember t infrm yurself f what is ging n.
【詞塊積累】
(1) infrm sb. f sth. 通知某人某事
infrm sb. that...通知某人……
keep sb. infrmed f sth. 隨時告知某人某事
(2)infrmatin n.信息
【鏈接高考】
（2021全國乙卷）In arund 80 A.D., the Rmans built the Clsseum, which remains the wrld’s best knwn stadium and cntinues t infrm cntemprary design. 大約在公元80年，羅馬人建造了圓形大劇場，至今仍是世界上最著名的體育場，并繼續(xù)為當代設計提供靈感。
（2020天津卷）Once the bk yu’ve requested is delivered t the nearest branch, they will infrm yu by e-mail, s yu can pick it up.
你要的書一旦送到最近的分行，他們會通過電子郵件通知你，你就可以去取書了。
（2014新課標卷I）The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased t infrm yu f the sixth annual Curisity Challenge. 劍橋科學節(jié)(CSF)很高興地通知您第六屆年度好奇挑戰(zhàn)。
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
1.We shuld infrm the persn _____ the lng prcess as sn as pssible.
我們應該盡快通知那個人這個漫長的過程。
2.Dn’t share persnal ______________(infrm) r stries.(2019·全國Ⅲ)
3.有任何進展我們都會隨時通知你。
①We will ____________________________________________.
②We will ____________________________________________.
知識點02 重點句型
1.Alice Brwn，head teacher at Falmnt Primary Schl，was teaching when the flr began t shake.
【句式分析】
本句中含有be 句型，意為：正在做……，這時……
※when用作并列連詞，表示“這時”之意，還用于以下三種句型：
(1)be abut t 正要做……，這時……
(2)be n the pint f 正要做……，這時……
(3)had just 剛做完……這時……
【跟蹤典例】完成句子
(1)The wman was abut t signal ________ the telephne rang.
(2)The man ______________________________________________________ smene rushed in.
這個人正打算離開，這時有人沖了進來。
(3)She _________________________________________ her mther asked her t play the pian.
她剛剛做完作業(yè)，媽媽就讓她彈琴。
(4)The by was walking in the street and at that time he was attracted by a bird.
→The by was walking in the street __________________________________.
能力拓展
分層提分
題組A 基礎過關練
一、根據(jù)漢語意思填寫單詞
1．Peple began t wnder hw lng the________（災難；災害）wuld last.
2．It ________ (突然想到) t me that I had tns f wrk t finish. I culdn’t affrd t waste ne secnd.
3．Her mther ______ (示意) her t g back hme when it was time fr supper.
4．It has been ______（確認）that the Wrld Internet Cnference will take place next week.
5．This prduced a chain ________(反應), which made it pssible fr life t develp.
6．She said his friends culd sleep ver in the big rm______(在樓下).
7．Making a cmplaint is quite a simple_________（程序）.
8．The plane ________ (撞擊) int a muntain and nbdy n bard survived.
9．Still, mst f us vlunteers breathe a sigh f ________ (寬慰) when the seasn cmes t a clse.
10．He expressed his gratitude t the ________ (員工) fr what they had dne fr the cmpany.
二、用單詞的適當形式完成句子
11．When she packed her suitcase befre heading t Wuhan, her daughter was ________(scare) t tears.
12．There has been a very different ________ (react) t the decisin.
13．He gt up early and hurried t the bus statin, nly ________ (find) the early train had gne.
14．Yu shuld keep us ________(infrm) whenever yu are in truble.
15．T ur ________(relieve), everyne tried their best and everything wrked ut well.
16．The accident left Sang Lan seriusly ________ (injure), but she never lses heart.
17．The wildfires, melting icebergs and rising sea level are all warnings abut the ________ (destry) impact f human activities n the fragile ecsystem.
18．It had never ________(ccur) t Cinderella she wuld becme a princess smeday.
19．It’s just a _________(distant) f 50 miles frm here t the restaurant.
20．I am t nervus _________ (answer) the questin crrectly.
21．The by made a sudden actin t_________(scary)the dg away.
22．It suddenly ___________(ccur) t me that I culd use a cmputer t d the jb.
23．They're neither medical wrkers in clse cntact with the nvel crnavirus nr gvernment fficials wh receive the latest updates f the situatin—yet they're keeping us ________ (infrm)f the develpment f the epidemic.
24．We have a lt f things________（d）, but packing is at the tp f the list.
25．As fewer peple chse t make sugar paintings, the traditinal Chinese flk craft(手藝) might have becme a ________ (distance) memry in sme ways.
26．We will keep yu ________ (infrm) as the prject prgresses.
27．Thank yu fr infrming us ________ the change in the schedule s that we can make sme necessary adjustments.
28．These chemicals cme frm the ________ (injury) parts f the plant and seem t be an alarm.
29．Tday, the scars(創(chuàng)痕)f ________ (destructive) are still seen in Rckaway, but hpe is in the air.
30．In the past, there was ften an autmatic ________ (react) t increased traffic: just widen the rads, says Mark Pch.
題組B 能力提升練
三、完形填空
The earthquake（地震） was ver and the city was in ruins.
I had n chice but t walk hme when all the ____31____ had stpped as a result f the quake. On my way hme I ____32____ an ld lady at a bakery shp giving ut free bread, which made my heart ____33____. A man was hlding a sign saying, "Please use ur ____34____." He was____35____ his huse fr peple t g t the bathrm.
My friend, wh wanted t be f help t thers, std in the cld with a sign "If yu dn't ____36____ a car, I'll be glad t drive yu hme." And then I saw him pick up an ld man and drive him all the way t a faraway place!
Then next day I drve t have my car filled up. There was nt enugh ____37____ nw and many gas statins were either clsed r have very ____38____ lines. I gt wrried, since I was behind fifteen cars. Finally, when my turn came, the man smiled and said, " ____39____ this terrible earthquake, we are nly giving $ 30 wrth gas per persn. Is that alright?" " _____40_____. It's nice that we are all able t share," I said. His smile gave me s much cmfrt.
At the escape centre I saw a man _____41_____ when peple brught fd t him. It was the first time in three days that fd had been brught t their centre. Hwever, after he cleaned up the tears, his next _____42_____ surprised me. "I am very _____43_____ that we are prvided with fd. But peple in the city next t us haven't _____44_____ any fd at all. Please g t that centre as well."
Hearing that, I believed there was a bright future n the ther side f this _____45_____.
31．A．lifeB．businessC．rescueD．traffic
32．A．nticedB．missedC．ignredD．tld
33．A．kindB．brkenC．warmD．empty
34．A．htelB．tiletC．hspitalD．car
35．A．peningB．sellingC．repairingD．building
36．A．buyB．careC．matterD．have
37．A．gasB．infrmatinC．fdD．water
38．A．directB．fineC．lngD．thin
39．A．Except frB．Tgether withC．Instead fD．Because f
40．A．Nt at allB．Of curseC．N wayD．Never mind
41．A．cryingB．eatingC．smilingD．singing
42．A．waysB．rlesC．wrdsD．prmises
43．A．sureB．gratefulC．surprisedD．prud
44．A．bughtB．wastedC．preparedD．received
45．A．disasterB．chanceC．cityD．centre
題組C 培優(yōu)拔尖練
四、用單詞的適當形式完成短文
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
This stry tk place abut seven years ag.But images f that week are still clear in my mind.During that week, we had t face up t a ____46____ (pwer) hurricane (颶風).The fact that I was still little seemed t increase____47____(it) frce. And I culd hear the nise f the wind blwing n the windws, ____48____ were shaking. Outside, everything was flying r mving.
In fact, the hurricane did nt crss the island nly nce, but three times, ____49____(cause) mre and mre damage at each crssing.During the entire week fllwing that event, we were nt able ____50____(g) ut f the huse. All able____51____(rad)were cut ff, and we did nt have running water.
Under thse cnditins, ____52____ hardest part was having n cntact____53____ the rest f my family living arund the island. The fear f lsing my clse friends and relatives was____54____(certain) hard t stand. We stayed like that fr ne unpleasant week befre everything_____55_____(fix). Fr me, thse seven days were a real nightmare (噩夢).
目標詞匯
1. __________n.災難，災害；徹底失敗
2. __________n.碰撞聲，破裂聲；碰撞；崩潰
vi.& vt.碰撞，撞擊；崩潰
3. __________vi.& vt.發(fā)信號，示意；標志
n.信號，暗號；標志；信號燈
4. __________vi.& vt.出去，離去，退場；退出
n.出口，通道；離開
5. __________vt.證實，確認；使確信；批準
6. __________vt.擁抱，摟抱；抱緊
7. __________n.程序，步驟，手續(xù)
8. __________adj.奇怪的，怪異的；偶爾的；不成對的
9. __________vi.發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)；存在于
10．________ vt.傷害，使受傷；損害→_______ n．傷害→_______ adj.受傷的
11．______ n．反應，回應；抗拒；化學反應→_______vi.反應
12．______ adj.守秩序的；有條理的，整齊的→______ n．順序
13．_____n．寬慰，輕松；減輕，消除；救濟→_______ vt.減輕
14．______ adj.引起破壞(或毀滅)的， 破壞(或毀滅性)的→_______ v．破壞→_______ n．破壞
15．______ vt.通知；了解，熟悉→______ n．信息
目標短語
1. __________整個，全部
2. __________安然無恙的
3. __________被想到，浮現(xiàn)在腦中
4. __________(在困境中)保持冷靜
5. __________緊緊抓住
6. __________同時
7. __________讓某人寬慰的是
8. __________吹走
9. __________通知某人……
10. __________面臨……
11.__________以防，以防萬一
12.__________一系列(L1P17)
13.__________提醒某人注意某事，是某人警醒(L13)
14.__________有作用，有影響(P19)
15.__________綁住，拴住
16.__________不斷給某人提供消息
句型
1. be 句型
injure
指人在意外事故中受到的傷害，可用于無生命物體的損壞，更多用于對人的某個部位的損傷。
wund
指利器或子彈對肉體造成的傷害，是出血的、嚴重的傷，特指戰(zhàn)場上的受傷。
hurt
指一般的肉體傷害，尤指精神上或感情上的傷害。此外hurt也可用作不及物動詞，意為“受傷”。
harm
特指傷及一個人或其心情、健康、權利、事業(yè)等，并使之產(chǎn)生痛苦、損害或某種不幸遭遇。
signal
指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出的信號。
sign
表示“告示，標記”時，側(cè)重指用圖形、文字等所表達的內(nèi)容，另外還可指“征兆，跡象”。
symbl
指象征或表達某種深邃意蘊的特殊事物。
mark
普通用詞，含義廣泛。既可指為便于辨認而有意做的標記，又可指自然形成的標記或有別于其他事物的特征，還可以指污點、污漬、分數(shù)、成績等。

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