【語法知識(shí)】一、“with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations. (P5)節(jié)日正變得越來越商業(yè)化,商家會(huì)利用這些慶?;顒?dòng)(進(jìn)行促銷)。【句式剖析】畫線部分屬于“with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu),此結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語。【考點(diǎn)提煉】“with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的一種形式,其中賓語可由名詞或代詞充當(dāng),現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中通常作狀語,表示伴隨、方式、原因或條件等。The English class ended with all singing an English song.英語課以全體合唱一首英語歌結(jié)束。(all和sing之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)【歸納拓展】with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的其他形式:(1)with+賓語+形容詞/副詞The nurse had difficulty walking fast with so heavy protective clothing on.穿著這么重的防護(hù)服,這個(gè)護(hù)士很難走快。In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open.夏天,她通常開著窗戶睡覺。(2)with+賓語+介詞短語Don’t stand with your hands in your pockets.站著的時(shí)候別把雙手插在口袋里。(3)with+賓語+過去分詞(表示被動(dòng)或動(dòng)作已完成,賓語與構(gòu)成過去分詞的動(dòng)詞之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)With his hair cut, he looked much younger.由于理了發(fā),他看起來年輕多了。(4)with+賓語+動(dòng)詞不定式(通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生)She knew that with him to help her, she could and would succeed.她知道,有他幫助她,她能夠而且一定會(huì)成功。二、-ing形式作表語和作定語-ing形式作表語(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語有時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞,用于說明主語的內(nèi)容,即主語等同于表語,兩者可互換。My full-time job is teaching English, which means I make a living by teaching.我的全職工作是教英語,這意味著我以教書為生。(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語有時(shí)相當(dāng)于形容詞,用于說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài),意為“令人……的”。動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語有時(shí)相當(dāng)于形容詞,表示主語所處的狀態(tài),意為“感到……的”。The news was so exciting that we were excited at the news.這個(gè)消息太令人興奮了,我們聽到這個(gè)消息都很興奮。-ing形式作定語(1)位置:單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語,常放在被修飾詞前作前置定語;動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作定語,常放在被修飾詞后作后置定語。(2)形式:動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(以do為例)有doing、形容詞化的doing和being done三種形式。具體用法如下:1)主動(dòng)形式doing:①do與被修飾詞之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系;表示正在進(jìn)行的或與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。如:a flying bird一只飛鳥boiling water沸水Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨晚,數(shù)百萬人在電視上觀看了開幕式的現(xiàn)場直播。②表示被修飾詞的用途或?qū)傩?。如?/span>a reading room ( = a room for reading)閱覽室a living room ( =a room for living)起居室,客廳2)形容詞化的doing:表示被修飾詞的特征、性質(zhì),意為“令人……的”。形容詞化的動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語,常意為“感到……的”。如:an exciting story今人興奮的故事an excited voice興奮的聲音a puzzling question令人困惑的問題a puzzled expression困惑的表情3)被動(dòng)形式being done:do與被修飾詞之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。The house being built here belongs to John.這里正在建的那所房子是約翰的。(3)擴(kuò)展成從句:動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作后置定語時(shí)可以擴(kuò)展成定語從句。The man talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father. = The man who is talking with our headmaster is Tom’s father.正和我們校長談話的那個(gè)人是湯姆的父親。