高考二輪語法回顧與訓練---形容詞、副詞1.高考對形容詞和副詞的考查主要以形容詞和副詞的辨析為熱點，同時對形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級以及與形容詞和副詞有關(guān)的習語結(jié)構(gòu)進行考查。2.考點歸納形容詞和副詞一、形容詞和副詞的基本用法1. 形容詞和副詞的作用與位置形容詞修飾名詞，常被放在名詞前作定語，或放在系動詞后面作表語。副詞修飾形容詞、動詞、其他副詞或者句子，一般位于形容詞之前，動詞之后或句子之首。以下幾種特殊情況，須牢記：（1）形容詞短語作定語時，定語后置。This is a task difficult to address.（2）形容詞在句中也可作狀語，用來表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。He was lying in bed, awake.（3）alone / afraid / asleep / awake / alive / ashamed / ill / well (身體好) 等常作表語而不作定語。The man is ill.（4）形容詞作定語，修飾不定代詞anything / something / nothing / someone等時，通常后置。I have something important to tell you. Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.（5）else常作疑問代詞和不定代詞的后置定語。No one else can answer the question.  Who else can answer the question?（6）two-year-old; 200-metre-long; one-thousand-word等復合形容詞中的名詞要用單數(shù)，一般只作前置定語。We are looking forward to participating in the two-week festival. （7）多個副詞并列作狀語時，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式→地點→時間。We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.（8）頻度副詞如often, always, usually, seldom, hardly, never等在be動詞后，行為動詞前。He is always helping others.（9）后面跟形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：→ 感官：taste, sound, smell, look, feel → 保持：keep, remain, stay → 變得：become, get, turn, grow, go → 結(jié)果是、證明是：prove, turn out → 似乎：appear, seem2. 形容詞變副詞的一般規(guī)律。（1）一般情況下直接加“l(fā)y”。quick - quickly; polite - politely; immediate - immediately, wide - widely（注意：true - truly）（2）以y結(jié)尾的，一般將y改成i，再加ly：happy - happily; heavy - heavily; angry - angrily; busy - busily（注意：shy - shyly）（3）以ic 結(jié)尾的詞，加ally：basic - basically; scientific - scientifically; automatic - automatically（注意：public - publicly） （4）以輔音字母+le結(jié)尾的，去e加y。 comfortable - comfortably  flexible - flexibly   gentle - gentlyhorrible - horribly    possible - possibly   probable - probablysimple - simply    terrible - terribly   unbelievable - unbelievably unforgettable – unforgettably3. 以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞詞性辨析（1）有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而非副詞。brotherly adj. 兄弟般的；costly adj. 昂貴的；deadly adj. 致命的；adv. 非常；friendly；likely adj. 可能的 adv. 可能；lively；lonely；lovely；ugly；silly；timely adj. 及時的；weekly adj. 每周的 adv. 每周 。 （2）表原意（無-ly）和引申意（有-ly）的副詞：deep（深）- deeply（深入地）  wide（寬廣）- widely（廣泛地）high（高）- highly（高度地） The ship sank deep into the sea. (實際意義的“深”)I was deeply moved by what he said. (抽象意義“深深地”)   （3）有無-ly意義大不相同的副詞：pretty相當（be pretty certain that..）     prettily漂亮地（be prettily dressed）close近（Don’t stand close to the wire.） closely密切地；仔細地（Watch closely!）late晚；遲（arrive late）             lately最近（I haven’t seen him lately.）hard 努力地；大量地；認真地（work hard / rain hard / think hard）  hardly 幾乎不二、形容詞、副詞的比較級及最高級1. 一般規(guī)律 比較級和最高級的用法在英語中通常用下列方式表示的詞:在形容詞或副詞前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后綴 -er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容詞或副詞所表示的質(zhì)、量或關(guān)系的增加。英語句子中，將比較兩個主體的方法叫做“比較句型”。其中，像“A比B更……”的表達方式稱為比較級;而“A最……”的表達方式則稱為最高級。組成句子的方式是將形容詞或副詞變化成比較級或最高級的形態(tài)。 一、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則1.一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，比較級在后面加-er，最高級在后面加-est;(1)單音節(jié)詞如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortesttall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest(2)雙音節(jié)詞如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，比較在原級后加-r，最高級在原級后加-st;如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest3.在重讀閉音節(jié)(即：輔音+元音+輔音)中，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比較級加-er，最高級加-est;如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞， 把y改為i，比較級加-er，最高級加-est;如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviestbusy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest5.其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞(一個元音為一個音節(jié))比較級在前面加more，最高級在前面加most;如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautifuldifferent→more different→most differenteasily→more easily→most easily注意：(1)形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級前可不用。例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.(2) 形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示"非常"。It is a most important problem.=It is avery important problem.2.有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。如：good→better→best well→better→bestbad→worse→worst ill→worse→worstold→older/elder→oldest/eldestmany/much→more→most little→less→leastfar →further/farther→ furthest/farthest3. 修飾比較級的詞有much、a lot、a great deal、far、even、a bit、a little、any （否定句、疑問句中）；修飾最高級常用by far、the second、the third等。The population of China is by far the largest in the world.Africa is the second largest continent.4. 特殊句式。（1）as + 形容詞 / 副詞的原級 + as （像…一樣）    Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is). （2）not as / so + 形容詞 / 副詞的原級+ as... （不如…那樣）The earphone is not as/so good as you advertised.（3）as + adj. + a / an + 名詞 + as （像…一樣的）Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).（4）the + 比較級...，the + 比較級... （越…，越…）The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.（5）the + 比較級+ of + 名詞，表示“兩個中較…的”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.（6）no + 比較級 + than表示“和…一樣…；實際等于…”。The patient is no better than he was yesterday. 病人的情況和昨天一樣(不好)。（7）在比較從句中為了避免重復，我們通常用that (those)，one (ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物，one既可指人又可指物。that既可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，又可替代不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The book on the table is more interesting than that (或the one) on the desk.The rice production this year is twice that of last year.Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters.I guess I need to do some research about how my college classes will differ from my high school ones.（8）表示“最高程度”的形容詞沒有級別，如：favorite、perfect、top、unique、excellent、extreme等。5. 比較級表達最高級含義（1）否定詞 + 比較級Your story is perfect. I've never heard a better one before.From my perspective, we can’t benefit from those activities more. 在我看來，我們從這些活動中受益匪淺。I can’t attach more importance to working out regularly to keep fit. 我非常重視定期鍛煉身體來保持健康。（2）比較級 + than + any other + 單數(shù)名詞比較級 + than + anyone else比較級 + than + the rest of + 復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.= Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.= Julia is the tallest girl in her class.三、注意下列副詞的用法1. though用作副詞時，常用在句末，意為“然而；可是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折。    Many teenagers don’t think so, though.2. therefore / thus“因此；所以”，表結(jié)果。3. meanwhile“與此同時；在此期間”，表示前后分句的動作同時發(fā)生。4. moreover / furthermore / additionally“另外”，表示承接關(guān)系。5. however“然而”，表示讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折，常用逗號與句子的其他成分隔開。6. besides“另外；還有”，表示遞進關(guān)系。7. instead“相反”，表示前后分句意義相反。8. anyhow / anyway“無論如何；不管怎樣”。9. somehow“不知怎么地；以某種方式”。10. otherwise“否則；另外；以其他方式”。四、倍數(shù)表達法1. A is + 倍數(shù) + 比較級 + than + B2. A is + 倍數(shù) + as +原級+ as + B3. A is + 倍數(shù) + the +名詞(size, length, width, height, amount) + of + B4. A is + 倍數(shù) + that + of + B5. A is + 倍數(shù) + what引導的名詞性從句如：長江是珠江的三倍長。The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.又如：The price of apple is twice what it was last year. 強化訓練一、填空：在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1. If you feel ________ (stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of ________ (great) and less importance.2. Recent studies show that we are far ________ (productive) at work if we take short breaks ________(regular)．3. Chinese scientists ________ (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very ________ (care) mother.4. That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. In short, he’s ________ (rely).5. I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________ (many) in the coming years.6. It was ________ (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got ________ (worry).7. The ________ (hard) you try to beat him, the ________ (likely) you will get hit.8. I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time - there are ________ (meaningful) things to do.9. - How was your job interview?-Oh, I couldn’t feel ________(bad). I hardly found proper answers to most of the questions they asked.10. Due to the hard training they had done before, their performances were very ________ (impress).11. Poor student behavior seems to be an ________ (increase) widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are ________ (probable) responsible for this.12. I advise you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make someone’s day a little ________ (bright). Together, we can really make our society come much ________(close) as a whole. 13. - Must I do some reading in English every day to improve comprehension?- Well, you can never read ________ much while learning a foreign language.14. It’s too late to set out to see a film now. ________ , we have a lot homework to do.15. People who smoke are 13 times ________ (likely) to develop lung cancer than those who don’t.二、改錯：每句錯誤最多有兩處。錯誤涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除和修改。1. Firms that provide relative high wages and good working conditions do not seem to have problems attract employees.2. The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the more difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years. 3. The dishes that I cooked was Mom’s favoritest.4. Of the two sisters, Betty is the young one, and she is also the one who loves to be quietly.5. He sit down and started gentle talking to the dog. 6. Similar, people prefer movies that reflects their moods.7. It is enjoyable and relaxed to sit by the river with some music go on.8. A person’s weight is private, and make comments on it is definitely considered impolitely.9. Could you be kinder enough to recommend some books to me for reference?10. This is one of the effective steps we take to make our country an even clean place.三、翻譯1. 如果你給我一些實用的建議，那再好不過了。2. 這是我收到的最珍貴的禮物。3. 你越細心，你犯的錯就會越少。4. 聽說你前幾天和父母爭吵，我深表遺憾。5. 我是一個隨和的女孩，我相信我能勝任這個職位。6. 此外，美味佳肴和先進設(shè)備讓我們印象深刻。7. 如果我是你的話，我就會保持冷靜，和他們耐心溝通。8. 常言道，“羅馬并非一天建成”。你應該確定一個現(xiàn)實的目標，并努力將它實現(xiàn)。9. 不僅我能讓我的隊友知曉美國文化，我也能在必要時給他們提供幫助。10. 說實話，這個為期三天的活動對我們學生來說無疑是一次寶貴的經(jīng)歷，我們從中收獲頗豐。    參考答案：一、填空1. stressed; greater  2. more productive; regularly  3. recently; caring體貼的；關(guān)心他人的 / careful細心的  4. reliable  5. more  6. considerate; worried  7. harder; more likely  8. more meaningful  9. worse  10. impressive  11. increasingly; probably  12. brighter, closer  13. too14. Besides  15. more likely二、改錯1. relative - relatively; attract - attracting  2. more - most; worse - worst3. was - were; favoritest - favorite4. young - younger; quietly - quiet5. sit - sat; gentle - gently6. similar - similarly; reflects - reflect7. relaxed - relaxing; go - going8. make - making; impolitely - impolite9. kinder - kind 10. clean - cleaner三、翻譯1. Nothing could be better if you offered me some practical advice.2. This is the most precious present that I have received.3. The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.4. I’m terribly sorry to hear that you quarreled with your parents the other day. Hearing that you quarreled with your parents the other day, I’m terribly sorry.5. Such an outgoing girl am I that I am convinced that I will be qualified for / equal to / up to the post.6. In addition / Additionally, it was delicious cuisines and advanced facilities / equipment that impressed me a lot / left a deep / lasting / favorable impression on us. 7. If I were you, I would stay calm and communicate with them patiently / with patience. 8. As a saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.” You are supposed to set a realistic goal and try hard / make every effort to make it achieved.9. Not only can I keep my partners informed of the American culture, but I am also able to help / capable of helping them when necessary. 10. Honestly speaking, this 3-day activity is undoubtedly a valuable experience for us students, from which we have harvested / gained / reaped much. 

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