高考二輪語法回顧與訓(xùn)練---句子的種類1.英語語句按句子用途可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句四類；按句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句三類。2.考點(diǎn)歸納一、陳述句：敘述一項(xiàng)事實(shí)的句子稱為陳述句，可分為肯定句和否定句。 Playing with chopsticks at table is thought to be impolite.（肯定句）The teenager didn’t have a cell phone at hand then, otherwise he wouldn’t have been stuck in the lift for so long.（否定句）二、疑問句：用于提出問題的句子叫疑問句，按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。1、一般疑問句：用yes或no來回答的疑問句叫一般疑問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：助動詞 + 主語 + 謂語 + 其它成分。Would you be so kind as to attend the English speech competition as a judge? 請您參加英語演講比賽并擔(dān)任評委好嗎？Could you please help me polish the language and format of the application, as well as the  resume attached to the letter? 你能幫我修改申請信以及所附簡歷的文字和格式嗎？一般疑問句的否定式通常把be、have或情態(tài)動詞和not的簡略式n’t一起放在句首。- Haven't you had your breakfast yet？- No, I woke up late this morning and I didn’t have time. 2、特殊疑問句：用疑問詞提問的句子叫特殊疑問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問詞 + 一般疑問句。When were chopsticks invented? 筷子是什么時(shí)候發(fā)明的？How can I choose words properly so as to inform him of my disappointment? 我如何能合適的選擇詞匯，以告知他我的失望？By the way, how can we get to your city from the airport and which hotel shall we reserve? 3、選擇疑問句：用連詞or連接詢問的兩部分的疑問句，以供選擇。Do you feel like dining out for a change or would you rather we two had supper at home? 你想外出換個(gè)口味，還是你愿意我倆在家里吃晚飯嗎? 4、反意疑問句：反意疑問句也叫附加疑問句，指的是在陳述句后面附加一個(gè)簡短的一般疑問疑問，用于對陳述句所說的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問或表示證實(shí)。陳述部分與附加部分的動詞時(shí)態(tài)和動詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)保持一致，但是肯定和否定形式卻彼此相反，即陳述部分為肯定式時(shí)，疑問句部分用否定式；陳述部分為否定式時(shí)，附加部分用肯定式。Jim likes English very much, doesn’t he? 吉姆很喜歡英語，對嗎？The woman had a good time at the party last night, didn’t she?He doesn’t have any money with him, does he? 他沒帶錢，是嗎?三、祈使句：用于表示命令、請求或建議的句子。其主語經(jīng)常省略。Always have courage like that and you will make your mark.Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今天能做的事絕不要拖到明天。Turn down the radio. The baby is asleep in the next room. 把收音機(jī)聲音調(diào)小，孩子在隔壁房間睡著了。重點(diǎn)句型：祈使句 / 名詞詞組 + and / then / or / or else / otherwise + 簡單句。Work hard and you will succeed.= If you work hard, you will succeed.Five minutes earlier, and we could have caught the early bus. = If we had been five minutes earlier, we could have caught the early bus.A bit more efforts, I think, and the problems could be settled. 我認(rèn)為，再努力些，問題就能解決。四、感嘆句：用以表達(dá)快樂、痛苦、驚訝、哀嘆、遺憾等強(qiáng)烈情感。感嘆句常用how或what 引導(dǎo)。1. how修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞構(gòu)成感嘆句。（1）How + 形容詞或副詞 + 主語（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)）+ 謂語！How beautiful the flower is / the flowers are!How fluently she speaks English! 她講英語多么流利啊!（2）How + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + 主語 + be！How careless a driver he is!How lovely an oil painting it is! 它是多么可愛的一副油畫??！（3）How + 主語 + 行為動詞（謂語）！How the wind blows! 風(fēng)吹得多猛！2. What修飾名詞構(gòu)成感嘆句。（1）What a / an + 形容詞修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + 主語 + be！What a beautiful picture it is!What an interesting film it is! 那是多么有趣的一部電影！（2）What + 形容詞修飾的不可數(shù)名詞 + 主語 + be！What good news this is!What fine weather we are having these days! 這些日子我們遇到的天氣多么晴朗！（3）What + 形容詞修飾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 主語 + be！What strange ideas you have!What beautiful pictures they are! 它們是多么美麗的照片啊!五、簡單句（五種基本句型 + there be 結(jié)構(gòu)）句型一：主語 + 謂語（vi.）Hearing the news, the pupils jumped and cheered with joy. 聽到這個(gè)消息，學(xué)生們高興得歡呼雀躍。In order to keep fit, we should exercise regularly. 為了身體健康，我們應(yīng)該定期鍛煉。句型二：主語 + 系動詞 + 表語常見系動詞有：be動詞（am, is, are, was, were）；感覺（feel, look, smell, taste, sound）；仍然（remain, continue, stay, keep）；變成（become, come, go, get, grow, turn）；似乎（seem, appear）；證明是（prove）。The car at the gate is mine. 門口那輛小車是我的。Most importantly, I have become more confident. 更重要的是，我變得更加自信了。句型三：主語 + 謂語（vt.）+ 賓語While visiting the art exhibition, we discussed the great artists’ works. 參觀藝術(shù)展覽時(shí)，我們討論了偉大藝術(shù)家的作品。Before arriving in Canada, we had made careful preparations for the camp. 來加拿大之前，我們對這次訓(xùn)練營做了充分準(zhǔn)備。句型四：主語 + 謂語（vt.）+ 間接賓語（人）+ 直接賓語（物）常見接雙賓語的動詞有：answer, bring, buy, choose, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take等。一般間接賓語位于直接賓語的前面，有時(shí)它們也可交換位置，這是需要在間接賓語的前面加上介詞to 或for。Please show me your picture. = Please show your picture to me.   My father bought me a new bicycle as a birthday present. = My father bought a new bicycle for me as a birthday present. 父親給我買了輛新自行車作為生日禮物。句型五：主語 + 謂語（vt.）+ 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語常見的謂語動詞有：（1）感官動詞：see, notice, observe, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find(發(fā)現(xiàn)), smell…（2）使役動詞：用于have sb do sth結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有let，make…用于get sb (not) to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有advise / allow / ask / beg / cause / command / drive / enable / expect / encourage / forbid / force / inform / instruct / invite / order / permit / persuade / recommend / remind / request / require / teach / urge / want / warn / wish…（3）表示心里狀態(tài)的動詞：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine…（4）表示情感狀態(tài)的動詞：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect…（5）“使 / 讓…保持某種狀態(tài)”的動詞：keep, leave…I find many courses in your program interesting.These activities will make them happy. 這些活動會使他們很開心。句型六：there be 結(jié)構(gòu) There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be可用含有“存在”意義的其它動詞代替，如lie, stand, live, come, exist, flow, rise, appear, enter, seem, be likely to be（可能有）, used to be（過去有）,   remain（還有）等。還要注意there be 結(jié)構(gòu)用在不同時(shí)態(tài)中的形式。There are more than 300 shops along this 800-metre street.There stands a temple on the top of Mount Mingfeng. 鳴鳳山上聳立著一座寺廟。There seemed to be more difficulties than we had expected. 困難似乎比我們預(yù)料的多。There have been great changes in China in the past several decades. （現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）   六、并列句兩個(gè)簡單句之間加上一個(gè)并列連詞，如and, but等。My uncle is tall and he is wearing glasses.I’m a Chinese student, and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during this vacation. 我是一位中國學(xué)生，計(jì)劃今年假期去英國上暑假學(xué)校。     七、復(fù)合句（詳見專題“定語從句”“狀語從句” “名詞性從句”）強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練一、填空：在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（ 1個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1. With winter________ (draw) near, the broken house with its door wants ________ (repair).2. Worse still, the headphones ________ (not perform) well and I ________ (annoy) with the sound. 3. Give blood if you can ________many lives will be saved. 4. Get up early tomorrow, ________you’ll miss the first bus. 5. A few quality problems ________ (arise) when I began to use the phone. 6. ________ (use) the phone for several days, I find that there ________ (exist) a problem that I can’t approach on my own.7. Can you keep us ________(inform) of your arrangements about our stay in your city? 8. The cover of the novel is ________(break) and there are some ________(dirt) spots on it due to the poor packaging.9. I’d like you ________ (take) a photo of the________(break) cup and send it to me in no time.10. iSpeak is a website which________ (focus) on online ________ (speak) Chinese teaching.二、改錯(cuò)：每句錯(cuò)誤最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除和修改。1. A smile do not always mean that we are truly happy.（陳述句的否定句）2. If you are true interested in chopsticks, paying a visit to the Shanghai Chopsticks Museum.3. How a pleasant surprise you gave us!4. Trying some of this juice - perhaps you’ll like them.5. It is believed that if a book is interested, it will surely interest in the reader. 6. I urged them change a new one for me, only to be told that the same model have been sold out.7. Do you want to have the dictionary deliver to your house and would you prefer to come to the shop for it? 8. You seldom send him an e-mail, don’t you? 9. Please check the book and careful with the packaging in advance this time.10. I’m terrible sorry to know that one of the china tea-cups is broken, but to take it easy.三、翻譯。1. 時(shí)間過得真快啊！2. 這對我來說真是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。3. 在你方便的時(shí)候能帶我參觀本市足球俱樂部嗎？4. 更重要的是，我比以前更加自信了。5. “英語詞匯量很大，是嗎？”    ”是的。知道更多的單詞和習(xí)慣用語，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀和交流更容易。”6. 我訂購的圖書應(yīng)該三天前收到，但是現(xiàn)在還沒到。7. 那些日子，我們一起學(xué)習(xí)和玩耍，非?？鞓贰?/span>8. 所有這些詞典都對我?guī)椭艽蟆?/span>9. 請您抽出幾分鐘時(shí)間檢查書信中所附的草稿！10. 有中餐和西餐供你選擇。 參考答案一、填空1. drawing; repairing / to be repaired（陳述句） 2. don’t perform; am annoyed  3. and  4. or   5. arose  6. Having used; exist  7. informed  8. broken; dirty  9. to take; broken  10. focuses; spoken二、改錯(cuò)1. do - does 2. true - truly；paying - pay（祈使句）3. How - What（感嘆句）4. Trying - Try（祈使句）；them - it5. interested - interesting；刪除in6. change前加to；have 改為had7. deliver - delivered；and - or8. don’t - do9. careful前加上be10. terrible - terribly；刪除to 三、翻譯1. How time flies!（感嘆句）2. This is really an unforgettable experience for me.（陳述句）3. Would you show me around the football club in your city if it is convenient for / to you?（疑問句）4. Most importantly, I’ve become more confident than before.（陳述句）5. - English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?（反意疑問句）    - Yes. Know more words and expressions and you’ll find it easier to read and communicate.（祈使句 + and + 簡單句）6. The books I ordered should have reached me three days ago, but they haven’t arrived up to now.7. Those days, we studied and played together, having a lot of fun. 8. All these dictionaries are of great help to me.9. Would you please spare a few minutes to check the draft attached to the letter? 10. There are Chinese food and western food for you to choose from.

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