高考英語二輪語法回顧與訓(xùn)練學(xué)案：名詞性從句（含答案）-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

高考二輪語法回顧與訓(xùn)練---名詞性從句在英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞來充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z、表語、賓語和同位語，由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)，這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句分為四類：1. 主語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的句子就叫主語從句。注意：在含有主語從句的復(fù)合句里，主句謂語使用單三形式。When she will be back depends on the weather.It’s a pity that he made such a stupid mistake. （句首it為形式主語）2. 表語從句：位于系動(dòng)詞之后充當(dāng)表語的句子叫做表語從句。What he wants to know is whether he should start now.3. 賓語從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句。注意：賓語從句一般跟在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后。Mary wrote an article on why the team had failed to win the game.Can you tell me when he will come back? （?？键c(diǎn)：tell后接雙賓語。此句中me為間接賓語，賓語從句為直接賓語。）The report didn’t make it clear how the conclusion was arrived at. （句中it為形式賓語）4. 同位語從句：對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋，說明其內(nèi)容的句子叫做同位語從句。同位語從句常用于某些抽象名詞（idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, message, truth, information等）后面。The news that our team has won the match is true.注意：that可以引導(dǎo)上述四種名詞性從句。共同特點(diǎn)是不能省略that，但一種情況例外：當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞后只接一個(gè)賓語從句時(shí)可省略that或接多個(gè)賓語從句時(shí)第一個(gè)從句前that可省略。I wrote a letter telling her (that) the students appreciated what she did and that（that不能省略）her contribution to our school made a difference in all of our lives.考點(diǎn)歸納一、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞1. that只起引導(dǎo)作用，本身無意義，且在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。I know you aren’t a doctor and that you want your son to become a doctor.2. what, who, which和when, where, why, how, whoever, whichever, wherever等，在從句中充當(dāng)成分，且有意義。Who will come to help with my English hasn’t been settled.Whoever wants to join in the activity should apply on our website in advance.3. if和whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句都表“是否”。whether可引導(dǎo)所有名詞性從句，而if只能引導(dǎo)及物動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。Up to now, whether we will attend the meeting hasn’t been decided. 二、名詞性從句的語序1. 名詞性從句中，一律要用陳述句語序。2. 當(dāng)how表“多么…，多少（錢等）”引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，其后要先跟其所修飾的形容詞，即把how + adj.視作一個(gè)整體，充當(dāng)連接詞，故兩者不能分開，再加上主語和謂語。He didn’t know how much time he should spend on it. The photos will show you what our village looks like.You can hardly imagine how excited he was when he heard the news that he was admitted to Wu Han University. 三、引導(dǎo)詞that 與 what 的用法名詞性從句中區(qū)分that與what的關(guān)鍵是：1、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，看從句是否缺少某成分。如果不缺成分，就用that；如果缺少某成分(主語、賓語、表語等)，所缺部分可理解為“所……的東西/事情/地方等”就用what。2. 觀察從句語意是否完整。如果語意完整，就用that；若語意不完整，就用what。What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.After five hours’ drive, they reached what they’d been dreaming of.That the earth is round is known to us all.Father made a promise that if I passed the examination he would buy an i-phone 7 for me.The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what was a dangerous speed. It has been thirty years since we last met, but I still remembered the story, believe it or not, that we went lost on a rainy day. 四、引導(dǎo)詞if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句的用法1. whether和if跟在謂語動(dòng)詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可互換。 I want to know whether/ if he passed the exam. 2. 以下幾種情況只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，請(qǐng)牢記：（1）介詞后只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句。（2）與or not連用時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句，即：whether…or not。（3）whether + to do。He has to decide whether to look for a job immediately he graduates.It’s easy to check online whether the products are available or not. 五、同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別1. 同位語從句：（1）同位語從句多用that 引導(dǎo)。（2）在have no idea (of )之后常用wh- 引導(dǎo)同位語從句。I have no idea (of) what he is doing now.I have no idea (of) where he comes from.（3）一般跟在抽象名詞（fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion等）后面，用以說明或解釋前面的名詞的內(nèi)容。（4）如果使用了連詞that，它在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，無任何實(shí)際意義。2. 定語從句：對(duì)先行詞（名詞或代詞）起修飾限制作用。如果使用了關(guān)系代詞that，它在從句中常作主語和賓語，且有實(shí)際意義。The news (that) we know from her excited all of us.（定語從句）The news that she passed the exam excited her parents.（同位語從句）六、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣1. 表命令、建議、要求或請(qǐng)求等動(dòng)詞所接的賓語從句和主語從句，要用虛擬語氣，即“(should) + do”。常見動(dòng)詞如下，請(qǐng)加強(qiáng)記憶：demand, require, request, desire, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, order, command, insist, urge…2. 當(dāng)表示建議、命令、請(qǐng)求等主觀意向的名詞做主語時(shí)，其后的表語從句或同位語從句常用虛擬語氣，即“(should) + do”。常見名詞如下，請(qǐng)加強(qiáng)記憶：advice, demand, desire, order, proposal, request, requirement, recommendation, suggestion,…3. 常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that + sb. (should) do …. It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that+ sb. (should) do ….It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that+ sb. (should) do …. 4. wish和would rather后所接的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。動(dòng)詞wish后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句謂語要用虛擬語氣。若要表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；若表示與過去相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)或would / could+have +過去分詞；若表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用would (could)＋動(dòng)詞原形。would rather后句子用虛擬語氣▲ 一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?/span>I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我寧愿你明天(現(xiàn)在)去。▲ 用過去完成時(shí)表過去的愿望I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你沒有這樣說過。強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練一、填空：在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式。1. By paying children for chores with an allowance, you’ll also be sending the message __________ work isn’t worth doing _________ they are getting paid for it.2. It remains to be seen _________ people really want to carry both a smart phone _________ a smart watch.3. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing _________ you’re afraid to do.4. The suggestion _________ the students should learn something useful is worth _________ (consider). 學(xué)生們要學(xué)點(diǎn)有用的東西的建議是值得考慮的。5. Whether we can live in harmony with nature depends on _________ effective measures will _________ (take) to reduce pollution.6. _________ is strongly advised that the contracts _________ (read) through thoroughly.7. We take it for granted _________ with memory we can remember most of things _________ (happen) in our life.8. _________ puzzles scientists how these creatures can survive in such severe conditions _________ described here.9. _________ amazed us was _________ he managed to work out such a hard maths problem in _________ a short time.10. He became interested in two _________ (theory) that possibly explained _________ cholera killed people.11. _________ (prevent) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _________ (examine).12. Exactly _________ the potato _________ (introduce) into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.二、改錯(cuò)：每句錯(cuò)誤最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除和修改。1. What is known to us all that it’s great importance to improve working conditions for factory workers.2. The notice came around two o’clock in this afternoon the meeting would be put off.3. Some people have the idea you can cross Canada in little than five days.4. What’s even more importance is as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.5. Being Senior 3 student, I often quarrel with my mother over if I can watch TV after school.6. I am very glad to have read the notice what you posted the other day for several places of interests to visit during your stay in China.7. Helen, a author and expert in Japanese cartoons, explained that the character is so popular.8. The reason why Tom didn’t attend to school is because he got ill.9. How we understand things have a lot of to do with what we feel.10. We must find out how Karl is coming, so we can book room for him in advance.三、翻譯。1. 最重要的是，作為一名交換生我已經(jīng)接觸了美國(guó)文化。2. 真誠(chéng)地希望我能被給予這次機(jī)會(huì)。3. 人們普遍認(rèn)為教育不應(yīng)該僅僅通過考試結(jié)果來衡量。4. 相反，其他人認(rèn)為經(jīng)常做運(yùn)動(dòng)與健康息息相關(guān)。5. 我想要知道，除了合理的價(jià)格，是否還有其他的好處。6. 我堅(jiān)信：如果你考慮我的建議，你將取得巨大進(jìn)步。7. 我不知道成為一名好老師需要什么。8. 我們必須記住浪費(fèi)時(shí)間等于浪費(fèi)生命。參考答案：一、填空1. that; unless 2. whether; and 3. what 4. that; considering 5. whether; be taken 6. It; (should) be read 7. that; happening 8. It; as 9. What; how; such 10. theories; why 11. To prevent; (should) be examined 12. when; was introduced二、改錯(cuò)1. What - It或all后面加is; great前加of 2. 去掉in; afternoon后加that 3. idea后加that; little-less 4. importance - important; as前加that5. Being后加a; if - whether 6. what - that; interests - interest7. a - an; that - why 8. 去掉to; because - that9. have - has; 去掉of 10. how - when; room前加a三、翻譯1. What matters most is that I have been exposed to the American culture as an exchange student.2. I sincerely hope that I can be given this opportunity.3. It’s universally / generally / commonly / acknowledged / believed that education shouldn’t be measured only by exam results.4. On the contrary, the rest hold the view that taking regular exercise is closely related to health.5. I’d like to know if/whether there are any other benefits besides reasonable fees.6. I firmly believed that /am greatly convinced that you will make big/great progress if you take my suggestions into consideration/account.7. I have no idea what it takes to become a good teacher.8. We must keep in mind that wasting time is equal to wasting our life.

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