2025年高考英語(yǔ)二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練(新高考通用)專題04閱讀理解主旨大意題(學(xué)生版+解析)-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

目錄
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 題型綜述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解題攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 題型01 文章大意題3
\l "_Tc148898654" 題型02 段落大意題5
\l "_Tc148898655" 題型03 標(biāo)題歸納題7
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考練場(chǎng)9
題型簡(jiǎn)介
主旨大意題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中心思想或段落大意的歸納、概括和總結(jié)能力。它要求考生能夠理解文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和主要內(nèi)容，把握作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。
這種題型在高考英語(yǔ)閱讀中占有重要地位，因?yàn)樗荏w現(xiàn)考生對(duì)文章全局的把握，是一種高層次的閱讀理解能力考查。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，每篇閱讀理解文章都會(huì)涉及至少一道主旨大意題，或者與主旨相關(guān)的題目，如最佳標(biāo)題題等。主旨大意題的設(shè)問(wèn)方式多樣，位置通常在文章后的題目開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾部分，但也可能出現(xiàn)在中間位置。
命題類型
文章主旨題：這類題目要求概括整篇文章的中心思想。例如，“What's the main idea f the passage?” 或者 “The passage is mainly abut...”。答案選項(xiàng)通常是對(duì)文章核心內(nèi)容的綜合表述，涵蓋了文章多個(gè)段落的要點(diǎn)信息。
段落主旨題：主要針對(duì)文章中的某一個(gè)段落，考查考生對(duì)該段落中心內(nèi)容的理解。如 “What's the main pint f the third paragraph?”。答案往往是該段落主題句的同義替換或者對(duì)段落細(xì)節(jié)信息的概括。
最佳標(biāo)題題：要求考生從選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)最適合文章的標(biāo)題。像 “Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?”。標(biāo)題要能夠準(zhǔn)確地反映文章的主題，并且具有吸引力，同時(shí)還要簡(jiǎn)潔明了，避免范圍過(guò)大或過(guò)小。
解題思路
尋找主題句法
位置判斷：主題句在文章中的位置通常有一定規(guī)律。大部分情況下，主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的開(kāi)頭部分，開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山地闡述文章主旨；有些文章主題句在結(jié)尾，起到總結(jié)全文的作用；還有少數(shù)文章主題句在中間，需要結(jié)合上下文來(lái)判斷。
特點(diǎn)把握：主題句一般具有概括性強(qiáng)、涵蓋范圍廣的特點(diǎn)，能夠準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)文章或者段落的核心內(nèi)容。例如，在一篇講述環(huán)境保護(hù)措施的文章中，開(kāi)頭的主題句可能是 “Varius effective measures have been taken t prtect the envirnment in recent years.”。
歸納法
細(xì)節(jié)整合：如果文章沒(méi)有明顯的主題句，就需要對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。把各個(gè)段落的主要內(nèi)容提煉出來(lái)，尋找它們的共同點(diǎn)或者關(guān)聯(lián)點(diǎn)，從而概括出文章的主旨。
注意事項(xiàng)：在歸納過(guò)程中，要避免遺漏重要信息，同時(shí)也要排除那些只涉及部分內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。比如，一篇文章分別介紹了科技對(duì)教育、醫(yī)療和交通的積極影響，歸納主旨時(shí)就要涵蓋這三個(gè)方面，不能只強(qiáng)調(diào)其中一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。
關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞法
高頻詞識(shí)別：注意文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞。這些關(guān)鍵詞往往與文章的主題密切相關(guān)。例如，一篇文章多次出現(xiàn) “AI（人工智能）”“machine learning（機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)）”“big data（大數(shù)據(jù)）” 等詞匯，那么文章主旨很可能是關(guān)于人工智能技術(shù)及其相關(guān)應(yīng)用的。
同義替換詞注意：同時(shí)還要留意與這些關(guān)鍵詞意思相近的表達(dá)，它們也有助于確定文章主旨。比如，除了 “AI” 之外，還出現(xiàn)了 “artificial intelligence technlgy” 等表達(dá)。
命題方式
【常見(jiàn)考法】主旨大意題經(jīng)常使用的提問(wèn)方式有：
1) What is the text mainly abut?
2) What is the best title fr the text?
3) What can be a suitable title fr the text?
4) What's the mainly abut?
5) What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/third/.. paragraph?
題型01 段落大意題

一、常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式
? What des the authr tell us in Paragraph
? The main idea f the secnd paragraph prbably is ________.
? The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.
? Which f the fllwing can best summarize Para.1?
? What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
二、首尾兼顧法尋找主題句：
1.段首段尾：段首--主題句多為段首一兩句(觀點(diǎn)或?qū)ο?；段尾--主題句也常為段尾句(結(jié)論或總結(jié))。
2.段中：主題句有時(shí)在段中(前面的話是為引出主題）。
3.無(wú)主題句：有時(shí)沒(méi)有主題句，需根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容自己概括。
歸納段落大意的2種方法：
方法一、概括段落大意：(1)總分——主題句就在段首；(2)分總——主題句就在段尾；(3)分總分——主題句在段中；(4)總分總——主題句在段首/段尾；(5)并列式行文，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的段落一般會(huì)在一段中討論兩個(gè)平行的內(nèi)容，整個(gè)段落可以從中間處分開(kāi)，前后是平行關(guān)系，段落大意涉及兩個(gè)平行的內(nèi)容；(6)對(duì)比各事物的文章，段落大意是兩個(gè)事物的共同點(diǎn)或不同點(diǎn)。
方法二、揣摩段落大意：作者可能不直接寫(xiě)出主題句，而是通過(guò)各種方法暗示給讀者。
(山東師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2024~2025學(xué)年高三12月月考英語(yǔ)試題)
Peple usually wash their prduce befre eating t remve residue (殘留物) frm pesticides. But are yur fruits and vegetables really clean enugh t eat? Nw14-year-ld Sirish Subash frm Gergia has wn the 2024 3M Yung Screentest Challenge fr inventing an AI-based handheld pesticide detectr that is very accurate in detecting pesticide residue.
Nw in its 17th year, the cmpetitin supprts middle schl students t think creatively and apply STEM principles t discver real wrld-slutins. When the finalists are chsen, they are paired with a 3M scientist wh mentrs them ver the summer t help take their ideas frm just cncepts t mdels.
Sirish’s jurney t winning the award came frm watching his mther washing vegetables and fruits and cautining him always d s. He wndered whether washing actually made a difference. Since pesticide residues are linked t illnesses like cancer and Alzheimers’s, it’s very imprtant t knw if the fruits and vegetables are safe. That’s hw PestiSCAND is designed.
The device wrks by shining light n the surface f the prduce and measuring the. wavelengths that bunce back. PestiSCAND uses a sensr and AI-based prcessr t achieve an accuracy f ver 85 percent. Sirish tested the device n mre than12,000 fd samples including strawberries, apples, and tmates.
Sirish aims n making this technlgy widely accessible s that cnsumers will be able t make safe fd chices. But he still believes yu shuld wash yur prduce anyway. He plans t use the $25,000 prize frm the cmpetitin t help fund his educatinal gal f attending. MIT.
“This year’s Yung Scientist Challenge finalists have demnstrated an incredible ability t develp creative slutins t sme f the wrld’s mst pressing challenges,” Trie Clarke, EVP and chief public affairs fficer at 3M, said in the press release. “I am beynd impressed and inspired by their intelligence and their scientific minds.”
6. What des paragraph 4 mainly fcus n?
A. The design prcess.B. The wide applicatin.
C. The wrking principle.D. The theretical fundatin.
【答案】6. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要說(shuō)明了來(lái)自喬治亞州的14歲的Sirish Subash發(fā)明了一種基于人工智能的手持式農(nóng)藥檢測(cè)器，在檢測(cè)農(nóng)藥殘留方面非常準(zhǔn)確，贏得了2024年3M青年篩檢挑戰(zhàn)賽。
【6題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“The device wrks by shining light n the surface f the prduce and measuring the. wavelengths that bunce back. PestiSCAND uses a sensr and AI-based prcessr t achieve an accuracy f ver 85 percent. Sirish tested the device n mre than12,000 fd samples including strawberries, apples, and tmates.(該裝置的工作原理是將光照射在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品表面并測(cè)量其質(zhì)量。反射回來(lái)的波長(zhǎng)。PestiSCAND使用傳感器和基于人工智能的處理器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)超過(guò)85%的精度。Sirish對(duì)包括草莓、蘋(píng)果和西紅柿在內(nèi)的12000多種食物樣本進(jìn)行了測(cè)試)”可知，第4段的重點(diǎn)是工作原理。故選C。
題型02 文章大意題

一、提問(wèn)方式
? What’s the main idea/pint f the passage?
? The passage is mainly abut ________.
? The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.
? Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?
? Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea/theme f the passage?
? In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.
? The subject discussed in this text is ________.
? The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
二、主旨大意歸納法：
1.略讀法：讀文章標(biāo)題；讀首尾段落；讀段落首尾句；留意表句段關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞之后的內(nèi)容。
2.文體法：新聞報(bào)道、議論文和說(shuō)明文--主題句在首段；記敘文、議論文--主題句一般在尾段。
3.詞語(yǔ)法：在文中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的主題詞。
4.概括法：無(wú)主題句的文章，需讀者自己概括大意。
?找主題句的技巧：
1. 段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)(如hwever, but, in fact, actually等)時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。
2. 首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，對(duì)該問(wèn)句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3. 作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。
4. 表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefre, thus, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin等詞，通常是主旨。
各段落的主旨→整篇文章的主旨：
情況一：找出每小段的主題句，各段的主題句常在該段的首句或尾句，各段主題句的整體歸納便是文章的中心思想。
情況二：有的文章無(wú)明顯主題句，主題句隱含在段意之中，需要進(jìn)一步加工概括。
(安徽省卓越聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中考試英語(yǔ)試題)
Ggle is cnsidering charging fr artificial intelligence (AI)-pwered search in what wuld be the biggest change f its business mdel since it was funded. The large search cmpany, which is wned by Alphabet, has never befre put any f its key prducts behind a paywall. Hwever, bsses are cnsidering charging fr new advanced search features pwered by AI.
The cmpany is dealing with hw t make use f the AI technlgy withut threatening its advertising-funded business mdel. There are fears that the inventin f AI chatbts (聊天機(jī)器人) will weaken search engines such as Ggle by allwing peple t ask fr the infrmatin they require rather than searching fr it. This wuld rb (掠奪) Ggle f the valuable data it cllects frm users.
Its leaders are nw reprtedly weighing up whether t put AI-pwered search features behind a paywall in a way that wuld allw it t take advantage f the new technlgy withut cmpeting with its cre search engine. Alphabet is lking at putting AI-pwered search int its advanced subscriptin services.
Engineers are reprtedly develping the functinality needed fr the changes but the leaders have nt made a decisin n whether r when t begin the plan. Under the plans being cnsidered, Ggle’s search engine wuld remain free. A spkesman f Alphabet said: “We’re nt wrking n r cnsidering an ad-free search experience. We’ll g n building new capabilities and services t enhance ur subscriptin fferings acrss Ggle.” The spkesman added: “Fr years, we’ve been reinventing Search t help peple access infrmatin in the way that’s mst natural t them. With ur generative AI experiments in Search, we’ve already served billins f queries (詢問(wèn)). We will keep rapidly imprving the prduct t serve new user needs.”
Last year, Ggle’s incme frm search and advertising made up mre than half f its ttal sales. The cmpany was caught flat-fted by the huge success f ChatGPT, which has been backed by its cmpetitr Micrsft. Ggle launched its wn AI chatbt, Gemini, in respnse but the technlgy received a lt f cmplaints fr placing stress n diversity and harmless answers instead f accuracy. Later Ggle stpped the tl’s ability t draw pictures and aplgized.
11. What is mainly talked abut in the text?
A. The cmpetitin amng technlgy cmpanies.
B. Ggle’s new search engine.
C. The imprtance f AI technlgy.
D. A change in Ggle’s business mdel.
【答案】 11. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了谷歌考慮對(duì)其AI搜索功能收費(fèi)以適應(yīng)AI發(fā)展的商業(yè)策略變化。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ggle is cnsidering charging fr artificial intelligence (AI)-pwered search in what wuld be the biggest change f its business mdel since it was funded. (谷歌正在考慮對(duì)人工智能（AI）搜索收費(fèi)，這將是該公司成立以來(lái)對(duì)其商業(yè)模式的最大改變)”并結(jié)合文章主要介紹了谷歌考慮對(duì)人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的搜索收費(fèi)，以及這一變化可能對(duì)其商業(yè)模式的影響，故本文主要是關(guān)于谷歌商業(yè)模式的改變，D選項(xiàng)“谷歌商業(yè)模式的改變”符合題意。故選D。
題型03 標(biāo)題歸納題

一、提問(wèn)方式
? The best title f the passage is ________.
? Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
? What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
? The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ______.
二、文章標(biāo)題四大特性：
1.概括性：概括全文，體現(xiàn)主旨；
2.針對(duì)性：內(nèi)涵相符，范圍一致；
3.新穎性：新穎奇特，吸引眼球；
4.簡(jiǎn)短性：名詞短語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或祈使句。
文章標(biāo)題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：斷章取義(僅為文中一細(xì)節(jié))；以偏概全；離題太遠(yuǎn)。
(一)理解標(biāo)題的三大特點(diǎn)：1. 概括性——準(zhǔn)確而又簡(jiǎn)短；2. 針對(duì)性——標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符；3. 醒目性——能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。
(二)確定文章標(biāo)題：1. 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨；2. 反面否定法：撇開(kāi)原文，拿各個(gè)備選項(xiàng)去設(shè)想用它們寫(xiě)出來(lái)的“文章”將是什么內(nèi)容，然后和原文章對(duì)照，一一排除不符選項(xiàng)；3. 研讀、比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)：研讀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、概括性等。
(2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期湖北省市級(jí)示范高中智學(xué)聯(lián)盟12月月考英語(yǔ)試題)
Cutting back n animal prtein in ur diets can save n resurces and greenhuse gas emissins. But cnvincing meat-lving cnsumers t switch up their menu is a challenge. Lking at this prblem frm a mechanical engineering angle, Stanfrd engineers are pineering a new apprach t fd texture (n.質(zhì)地，紋理) testing that culd pave the way fr artificial steaks that fl even cmmitted meat lvers.
In a new paper in Science f Fd, the team demnstrated that a cmbinatin f mechanical testing and machine learning can describe fd texture with striking similarity t human taste testers. Such a methd culd speed up the develpment f better plant-based meats. The team als fund that sme plant-based prducts are already presenting the texture f the meats they’re imitating.
“We were’ surprised t find that tday’s plant-based prducts can reprduce the whle texture f animal meats,” said Ellen Kuhl, prfessr f mechanical engineering and senir authr f the study. Meat substitutes have cme a lng way frm when tfu was the nly ptin, she added.
Industrial animal agriculture cntributes t climate change, pllutin, habitat lss, and s n. That burden n the planet can be eased by exchanging animal prteins fr plant prteins in diets. One study estimated that plant-based meats, n average, have half the envirnmental impact as animal meat. But many meat eaters are reluctant t change; nly abut a third f Americans in ne survey indicated they were “very likely” t buy plant-based alternatives.
“Peple lve meat,” said Skyler St. Pierre, a PhD student in mechanical engineering and lead authr f the paper. “If we want t cnvince the meat eaters that alternatives are wrth trying, the clser we can imitate animal meat with plant-based prducts, the mre likely peple might be pen t trying smething new.”
T successfully imitate animal meat, fd scientists analyze the texture f plant-based meat prducts. Unfrtunately, traditinal fd testing methds are nt standardized and the results are rarely made available t science and t the public, said St. Pierre. This makes it harder fr scientists t create new recipes fr alternatives.
35. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the article?
A. Fd Testing: A Key t Meat Revlutin.
B. Plant r Meat? That’ s a questin.
C. New Tech in Our Daily Fd.
D. Plant-based meat: The New Fashin n the Table.
【答案】35. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)工程師從機(jī)械工程角度出發(fā)，采用機(jī)械測(cè)試與機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)相結(jié)合的新方法進(jìn)行食品質(zhì)地測(cè)試，旨在開(kāi)發(fā)出能媲美真肉質(zhì)地的人造牛排，以推動(dòng)植物基肉類的發(fā)展，緩解因畜牧業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境造成的壓力，同時(shí)提及該研究的背景、新方法的優(yōu)勢(shì)、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及意義等內(nèi)容。
【35題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“In a new paper in Science f Fd, the team demnstrated that a cmbinatin f mechanical testing and machine learning can describe fd texture with striking similarity t human taste testers. Such a methd culd speed up the develpment f better plant-based meats. The team als fund that sme plant-based prducts are already presenting the texture f the meats they’re imitating.(在《食品科學(xué)》的一篇新論文中，該團(tuán)隊(duì)證明，機(jī)械測(cè)試和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)合可以描述與人類味覺(jué)測(cè)試儀驚人相似的食物質(zhì)地。這種方法可以加快更好的植物性肉類的開(kāi)發(fā)。該團(tuán)隊(duì)還發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些植物性產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)出他們模仿的肉類的質(zhì)地)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，文章核心圍繞斯坦福大學(xué)開(kāi)發(fā)的新食品質(zhì)地測(cè)試方法展開(kāi)，該方法對(duì)植物基肉類發(fā)展意義重大，可能引發(fā)肉類領(lǐng)域的變革，所以“食品檢測(cè)：肉類革命的關(guān)鍵”適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。
題型01 段落大意題
(2024年新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)I卷B篇)
B
“I am nt crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shrtly after perfrming acupuncture (針灸) n a rabbit. “I am ahead f my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians (獸醫(yī)) nw practicing “hlistic” medicine – cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture, chirpractic (按摩療法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate f Clrad State University, started ut as a mre cnventinal veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ag when he suffered frm terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but fund little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says. “I will d anything t help an animal. That’s my jb.”
26. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. Steps f a chirpractic treatment.
B. The cmplexity f veterinarians’ wrk.
C. Examples f rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
【答案】26. D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章講述獸醫(yī)威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在從針灸中受益后，將綜合醫(yī)療應(yīng)用
于動(dòng)物，并取得了初步成效。
26. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.(利·廷代爾的狗查理患有嚴(yán)重的心臟病。廷代爾說(shuō)，查理心臟病發(fā)作后，她準(zhǔn)備讓他進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)，但法伯的治療大大減輕了她的狗的痛苦，她能夠讓它多活五個(gè)月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)報(bào)告說(shuō)，她的馬納皮(Nappy)經(jīng)過(guò)脊椎按摩調(diào)整后，“行動(dòng)更容易，乘車(chē)更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要講述了兩個(gè)例子，一個(gè)是Farber通過(guò)整體醫(yī)學(xué)方法幫助了患有嚴(yán)重心臟病的狗Charlie，另一個(gè)是馬Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治療后移動(dòng)和騎行更為舒適。這些例子都是為了說(shuō)明整體醫(yī)學(xué)的有效性。故選D。
題型02 文章大意題
(2024年新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)II卷C篇)
We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】 11. A
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (雖然農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)是減少旅程的可靠選擇，但巴比倫微型農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）甚至縮短了旅程)”、第三段“By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. (通過(guò)云連接，對(duì)BMF進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控。此外，還有一個(gè)方便的應(yīng)用程序可以實(shí)時(shí)提供不斷增長(zhǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)。由于該系統(tǒng)是自動(dòng)化的，因此大大減少了種植植物所需的水量。該系統(tǒng)不是給一排排土壤澆水，而是為每株植物提供合適的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF員工在日常生活中追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展。大約一半的人步行或騎自行車(chē)上班。在辦公室里，他們通過(guò)限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料來(lái)鼓勵(lì)回收和減少浪費(fèi)。BMF的一名員工表示：“我們熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢物、碳和化學(xué)品?！?”可知，文章主要介紹了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)（BMF）的一些主要優(yōu)勢(shì)，包括減少食物運(yùn)輸距離、通過(guò)云技術(shù)遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控、自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)節(jié)約水資源、減少化學(xué)污染、以及員工的環(huán)保生活方式等。故選A。
題型03 標(biāo)題歸納題
(2024年全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)甲卷B篇)
Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (聲音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉動(dòng)物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
7. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
【答案】 7. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了貓通過(guò)叫聲、嗅覺(jué)和帶回禮物來(lái)表達(dá)需求、評(píng)估環(huán)境和展示愛(ài)意。
【7題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways.( 動(dòng)物可以用很多方式來(lái)表達(dá)他們的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介紹和解釋貓的各種行為方式，包括叫聲、嗅覺(jué)和帶回禮物的習(xí)慣，以及這些行為背后的原因和意義。所以“Understanding Yur Cat’s Behavir(了解你的貓的行為)”作文文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選B。
A
（24-25高三上·安徽合肥·階段練習(xí)）I first saw the earth — the whle earth frm the shuttle Challenger in 1984. The view takes yur breath away and fills yu with childlike wnder. That’s why every shuttle crew has t clean nse prints ff their space raft’s windws several times a day.
An incredibly beautiful tapestry (織錦) f blue and white, tan, black and green seems t glide beneath yu at an elegant, stately pace. But yu are actually ging s fast that the entire map f the wrld spins befre yur eyes with each 90-minute rbit. After just ne r tw laps, yu feel, maybe fr the first time like a citizen f a planet. All the clrs and patterns yu see — the visible evidence f the cmplex wrking f the natural systems that make ur planet habitable — seem bth vast and precise, pwerful and yet smehw fragile.
Yu see vlcanes spewing smke, hurricanes riling the ceans and even fine tendrils’ f Saharan dust reaching acrss the Atlantic.
Yu als see the big, gray smudges f fields, paddies and pastures, and at night yu marvel at the lights, like brilliant diamnds, that reveal a msaic f cities, rads and castlines — impressive signs f the hand f humanity. Scientists tell us that ur hand is heavy, that we are wiping ut f ther species at an unprecedented rate and prbably transfrming ur climate.
Will the immense pwer f glbal systems withstand the impact f humanity? Or is it pssible that ur cllective actins will change the nature f ur planet enugh t cripple its ability t supprt life?
I n lnger believe that we can wait fr all the scientific data needed t answer these questins cnclusively. We must recgnize immediately what it means t be citizens f this planet.
It means accepting the bligatin t be the stewards f the earth’s life-giving capacities. As hmewners, we wuldn’t neglect r damage ur huses until they weren’t fit t live in. Why wuld we d that with ur planet?
1．What des the writer want t express in Paragraph 1?
A．They are awed by the view f the earth.B．They are hmesick in the space shuttle.
C．They feel scared flying in the uter-space.D．They feel excited t explre the universe.
2．What’s the main functin f Paragraph 3?
A．Prviding data fr the writer’s argument.B．Summarizing the main idea f the text.
C．Setting the stage fr further discussin.D．Intrducing different ideas n human impact.
3．Accrding t the last paragraph, which f the fllwing statement des the writer agree with?
A．It’s nt clear what humans can d t nature
B．We must act nw t take care f nature befre it’s t late
C．Human beings are nt the nly creature f the earth
D．The earth is strng enugh t supprt mre lives.
4．What is the best title f the text?
A．A Glimpse f HmeB．Ging Green with Our Earth
C．Flying t the FutureD．My Experience as an Astrnaut
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要介紹了作者從太空中看到地球的美景和對(duì)地球的思考。
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“I first saw the earth — the whle earth frm the shuttle Challenger in 1984. The view takes yur breath away and fills yu with childlike wnder. That’s why every shuttle crew has t clean nse prints ff their space raft’s windws several times a day.(我第一次看到地球——整個(gè)地球，是從1984年的挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)航天飛機(jī)上。這景色會(huì)讓你屏住呼吸，讓你充滿孩子般的驚奇。這就是為什么每個(gè)航天飛機(jī)機(jī)組人員每天都要清理幾次他們的飛船窗戶上的鼻印。)”可知，作者第一次從航天飛機(jī)上看到地球的全貌時(shí)，被地球的美景震撼，充滿了童真的驚奇。故選A。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Yu see vlcanes spewing smke, hurricanes riling the ceans and even fine tendrils’ f Saharan dust reaching acrss the Atlantic.(你會(huì)看到火山噴出煙霧，颶風(fēng)在海洋中肆虐，甚至撒哈拉沙漠的塵埃細(xì)沙也橫跨大西洋。)”可知，第三段描述了地球上發(fā)生的災(zāi)難，為后續(xù)討論人類應(yīng)如何保護(hù)地球做鋪墊。故選C。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“It means accepting the bligatin t be the stewards f the earth’s life-giving capacities. As hmewners, we wuldn’t neglect r damage ur huses until they weren’t fit t live in. Why wuld we d that with ur planet?(它意味著接受成為地球賦予生命的能力的管理者的義務(wù)。作為房主，我們不會(huì)忽視或損壞我們的房子，直到它們不適合居住。我們?yōu)槭裁匆@樣對(duì)待我們的星球呢？)”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們要立即認(rèn)識(shí)到作為地球公民的責(zé)任，在為時(shí)已晚之前保護(hù)好我們的星球并保護(hù)好自然。故選B。
4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“I first saw the earth — the whle earth frm the shuttle Challenger in 1984. The view takes yur breath away and fills yu with childlike wnder. That’s why every shuttle crew has t clean nse prints ff their space raft’s windws several times a day. (我第一次看到地球——整個(gè)地球，是從1984年的挑戰(zhàn)者號(hào)航天飛機(jī)上。這景色會(huì)讓你屏住呼吸，讓你充滿孩子般的驚奇。這就是為什么每個(gè)航天飛機(jī)機(jī)組人員每天都要清理幾次他們的飛船窗戶上的鼻印。)”可知，文章主要描述了作者從太空中看到地球的美景和對(duì)地球的思考，最好的標(biāo)題是選項(xiàng)A“A Glimpse f Hme (家園一瞥)”。故選A。
B
（24-25高三上·廣東東莞·階段練習(xí)）If a stranger ffered yu a free ckie, yu might well eat it. But what if they ffered t als give yu $2? Yu might plitely decline and walk away thinking, “Smething smells fishy.” In a study published in Persnality and Scial Psychlgy Bulletin, researchers fund that peple tend t turn dwn ffers f “free mney” (as well as unusually high salaries r suspiciusly cheap services) because they seem “t gd t be true”. The research bridges ecnmics and psychlgy t explain why financial attractin can backfire.
In the initial experiment, nearly 40 percent f participants ate a ckie ffered freely, cmpared with abut 20 percent f thse ffered $2 as well. “Peple typically imagine things like that smene did smething disgusting t the ckie,” says study lead authr Andrew J. Vnasch, a psychlgical scientist at University f Canterbury in New Zealand. Nine further experiments, invlving mre than 4,000 participants, used nline questinnaires t present ther cases. These included being ffered mney t accept a ride hme, incredibly high cnstructin-jb wages and surprisingly cheap flights. In each case, past a certain threshld (門(mén)檻), higher financial prfit reduced participants’ ptential f accepting the ffer.
If smene seems t g against accepted nrms such as self-interest withut explanatin, we assume they have hidden mtives and infer there will be “phantm csts”: imagined cnsequences that reduce what Vnasch calls an ffer’s “psychlgical value”.
Factrs beynd the present mment may cme int play. “Understanding that thers’ perceived ver genersity may put us in their debt culd als help explain peple’s reluctance,” says Rachel McCly, a psychlgist studying decisin-making at England’s University f Reading. “The ld saying ‘there’s n such thing as a free lunch’ is clearly alive and well.”
Anther experiment fund that high scrers n measures f distrust inferred mre phantm csts. The researchers als shwed hw t alleviate the effect: simply prvide a reasn fr the deal. The “cheap flights” experiment included a cnditin where the seats were revealed t be very uncmfrtable. “Uncmfrtable seats aren’t typically a selling pint,” Vnasch says. “But telling peple the seats were uncmfrtable made them mre willing t take them because it was sufficient explanatin.”
5．What des the underlined wrd “backfire” in Para. 1 mean?
A．Result in an ppsite effect.
B．Bst the success f an ffer.
C．Increase the appeal f a prpsal.
D．Cause a psitive utcme unexpectedly.
6．Why is the qute “there’s n such thing as a free lunch” mentined by the authr?
A．T prve the phantm csts.
B．T prmte genersity in sciety.
C．T dubt hidden csts f generus ffers.
D．T remind peple t be cautius f free items.
7．What helps make the “cheap flights” mre acceptable accrding t the experiment?
A．Offering mre flight credits.
B．Discunting the price further.
C．Prviding additinal unrelated gifts.
D．Giving a seemingly reasnable explanatin.
8．Which culd be the best title fr the text?
A．Why Peple Embrace High-Value Offers
B．Why Peple Reject Free Mney and Offers
C．Why Sme Deals Seem T Gd t Be True
D．Hw Offers f Mney Increase Acceptance Rates
【答案】5．A 6．A 7．D 8．C
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要探討了人們?yōu)楹蝺A向于拒絕看似“好得令人難以置信”的免費(fèi)或高價(jià)值提議，一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)合心理學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，解釋了這種心理現(xiàn)象，表明原因在于人們認(rèn)為這些提議可能隱藏著未知的成本或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
5．詞句猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線詞的上文“In a study published in Persnality and Scial Psychlgy Bulletin, researchers fund that peple tend t turn dwn ffers f “free mney” (as well as unusually high salaries r suspiciusly cheap services) because they seem “t gd t be true”. (在《人格與社會(huì)心理學(xué)公報(bào)》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們傾向于拒絕“免費(fèi)的錢(qián)”（以及異常高的薪水或可疑的廉價(jià)服務(wù)），因?yàn)樗鼈兛雌饋?lái)“好得令人難以置信”)”提到超出預(yù)期的絕好提議往往會(huì)被拒絕，這與人們通常趨利的傾向相反。由此可知，該研究解釋的是為什么經(jīng)濟(jì)吸引力可能適得其反，畫(huà)線詞意思應(yīng)該是“Result in an ppsite effect (導(dǎo)致相反的效果)”。故選A項(xiàng)。
6．推理判斷題。第三段“If smene seems t g against accepted nrms such as self-interest withut explanatin, we assume they have hidden mtives and infer there will be “phantm csts”: imagined cnsequences that reduce what Vnasch calls an ffer’s “psychlgical value”. (如果某人似乎毫無(wú)緣由地違背了自我利益等公認(rèn)的準(zhǔn)則，我們就會(huì)認(rèn)為他們有隱藏的動(dòng)機(jī)，并推斷出會(huì)有“幽靈成本”：一些想象出來(lái)的后果，可能會(huì)減少Vnasch稱一項(xiàng)提議的“心理價(jià)值”)”用“幽靈成本”的概念解釋了為什么人們往往會(huì)拒絕看似過(guò)度慷慨的東西，再結(jié)合第四段中“The ld saying ‘there’s n such thing as a free lunch’ is clearly alive and well. (“天下沒(méi)有免費(fèi)的午餐”這句老話顯然很有道理)”可知，作者肯定了這句諺語(yǔ)的意義，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)看似免費(fèi)的東西實(shí)際上可能存在隱藏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，證明了“幽靈成本”的存在。故選A項(xiàng)。
7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Uncmfrtable seats aren’t typically a selling pint,” Vnasch says. “But telling peple the seats were uncmfrtable made them mre willing t take them because it was sufficient explanatin.” (“不舒服的座位通常不是賣(mài)點(diǎn)，”Vnasch說(shuō)?！暗嬖V人們座位不舒服會(huì)讓他們更愿意坐，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)充分的解釋?！?”可知，給出一個(gè)看似合理的解釋有助于讓人們更容易接受“廉價(jià)航班”。故選D項(xiàng)。
8．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“If a stranger ffered yu a free ckie, yu might well eat it. But what if they ffered t als give yu $2? Yu might plitely decline and walk away thinking, “Smething smells fishy.” (如果一個(gè)陌生人給你一塊免費(fèi)的餅干，你很可能會(huì)吃掉它。但如果他們還愿意給你2美元呢？你可能會(huì)禮貌地拒絕，然后走開(kāi)，心想：“有東西聞起來(lái)很可疑?！?”可知，文章圍繞人們傾向于拒絕看似“好得令人難以置信”的免費(fèi)或高價(jià)值提議這一現(xiàn)象展開(kāi)，介紹了一項(xiàng)結(jié)合心理學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究，該研究解釋了這種心理現(xiàn)象，表明原因在于人們認(rèn)為這些提議可能隱藏著未知的成本或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此，C項(xiàng)“為什么有些交易看起來(lái)好得令人難以置信”最契合文章主旨，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。
C
（24-25高三上·重慶·階段練習(xí)）Have yu ever jyusly stepped ut t yur backyard garden nly t find yur well-cared-fr plants withered and dying? Was the sil t dry? Did pests find their way in? During times like these, sme frustrated gardeners may wish their plants wuld just tell them what they need. A new Micrsft-partnered prject in the UK is trying t see if that cncept can be demnstrated in the real wrld.
Next year, at the Chelsea Flwer Shw, the Ryal Hrticultural Sciety in England will shw ff an “intelligent garden” that uses an AI mdel t mnitr the garden’s envirnment and infrm gardeners when it needs care. Visitrs can ask the AI-pwered garden questins. The mdel culd then respnd with phrases like “I need a bit mre water,” r “I culd use a haircut” depending n data captured in the sil. Aside frm the pleasant nvelty f chatting with plants, the garden will prvide visitrs with a physical representatin f the many ways AI technlgies culd be used t enhance sustainability effrts.
The Intelligent garden will rely n a netwrk f sensrs nestled thrughut the garden measuring envirnmental factrs like sil misture and nutrient levels as well as wind and rainfall. All f that data is then sent t a specially designed AI mdel. The mdel, pwered by Micrsft’s Azure Open AI Service, can then analyze thse factrs and infrm gardeners n feeding, watering, r trimming.
Onsite plant caretakers aren’t the nly nes wh can interact with the garden. Visitrs t the shw can als walk up t virtual platfrms and ask the intelligent garden questins abut its current envirnmental state. The AI language mdule will then interpret the data and respnd t the visitrs in a cnversatinal dialgue.
In thery, insights prvided by mdels like this culd help gardeners allcate resurces efficiently and avid ver-watering plants befre rainfall, bth f which can aid in sustainability effrts. Thse tls culd bring cnvenience t casual grwers r businesses lking t reduce csts. It’s unclear, hwever, whether even the best mdels can prvide the same level f care as experienced gardeners.
9．What’s the pssible effect f the intelligent garden prject?
A．It’ ll increase the prfits fr gardening industry.
B．It’ ll replace human gardeners with AI technlgy.
C．It’ ll prmte sustainable develpment f gardening.
D．It’ ll create an attractin at the Chelsea Flwer Shw.
10．Hw des the intelligent garden knw what plants need?
A．Via dialgues with gardeners.
B．Thrugh cmputers in the garden.
C．By analyzing data frm the sensrs.
D．By examining plants fr signs f pests.
11．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The AI mdel will be widely used.
B．The AI mdel helps save resurces.
C．The AI mdel can frecast the weather.
D．The AI mdel makes gardeners unnecessary.
12．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Future gardens will be cntrlled by AI.
B．The Chelsea Flwer Shw amazes audience.
C．The intelligent garden is embraced by gardeners.
D．AI technlgy helps t make gardens sustainable.
【答案】9．C 10．C 11．B 12．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了微軟在英國(guó)的一個(gè)合作項(xiàng)目將AI技術(shù)運(yùn)用于園藝，文章介紹了智能花園及其應(yīng)用潛力，通過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)，智能花園可以幫助促進(jìn)園藝的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Aside frm the pleasant nvelty f chatting with plants, the garden will prvide visitrs with a physical representatin f the many ways AI technlgies culd be used t enhance sustainability effrts.(除了與植物聊天這一令人愉快的新事物之外，這個(gè)花園還將為游客提供一個(gè)實(shí)體展示，展示人工智能技術(shù)可以以多種方式促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展工作)”可知，智能花園項(xiàng)目可能產(chǎn)生的效果是促進(jìn)園藝的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。故選C。
10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The Intelligent garden will rely n a netwrk f sensrs nestled thrughut the garden measuring envirnmental factrs like sil misture and nutrient levels as well as wind and rainfall. All f that data is then sent t a specially designed AI mdel. The mdel, pwered by Micrsft’s Azure Open AI Service, can then analyze thse factrs and infrm gardeners n feeding, watering, r trimming.(智能花園將依靠遍布花園的傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)測(cè)量環(huán)境因素，如土壤濕度和營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平以及風(fēng)和降雨量。所有這些數(shù)據(jù)然后被發(fā)送到一個(gè)專門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)的AI模型。該模型由微軟的Azure Open AI服務(wù)提供支持，然后可以分析這些因素，并告知園丁施肥、澆水或修剪)”可知，智能花園是通過(guò) AI 模型分析來(lái)自傳感器采集的數(shù)據(jù)從而了解植物的需求。故選C。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“In thery, insights prvided by mdels like this culd help gardeners allcate resurces efficiently and avid ver-watering plants befre rainfall, bth f which can aid in sustainability effrts. Thse tls culd bring cnvenience t casual grwers r businesses lking t reduce csts.(從理論上講，像這樣的模型所提供的見(jiàn)解可以幫助園丁有效地分配資源，并避免在降雨前過(guò)度澆水，這兩點(diǎn)都有助于可持續(xù)發(fā)展工作。這些工具可以為偶爾種植者或?qū)で蠼档统杀镜钠髽I(yè)帶來(lái)便利)”可推斷，人工智能模型有助于節(jié)約資源。故選B。
12．主旨大意題。短文第一段介紹了有時(shí)植物會(huì)枯萎，但園丁們并不知道原因，并提到英國(guó)一個(gè)與微軟合作的項(xiàng)目試圖將這個(gè)概念在現(xiàn)實(shí)中展現(xiàn)出來(lái)。第二段提到皇家園藝學(xué)會(huì)將在切爾西花展上展示一個(gè)使用AI模型來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)花園環(huán)境并告知園丁何時(shí)需要照顧的“智能花園”，并提到這個(gè)花園將為游客提供一個(gè)實(shí)體展示，展示人工智能技術(shù)可以以多種方式促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展工作。第三段詳細(xì)說(shuō)明了智能花園是如何知道植物需要什么的。第四段提到游客也可以與智能花園互動(dòng)。最后一段提到這種模型所提供的見(jiàn)解可以幫助園丁有效地分配資源，并避免在降雨前過(guò)度澆水，這兩點(diǎn)都有助于可持續(xù)發(fā)展工作。綜合各段內(nèi)容可知，短文主要講述了AI技術(shù)有助于使花園可持續(xù)，選項(xiàng)D“人工智能技術(shù)有助于使花園可持續(xù)發(fā)展”是本文最佳主旨大意，故選D。
D
（24-25高三上·重慶沙坪壩·期中）Rare is the chief executive wh praises the virtues f a lie-in. Tim Ck, bss f Apple, maker f the iPhne, wakes between 4 am and 5 am. Tw-thirds f the chief executives f large American cmpanies are up by 6 ’ clck; fr average Americans the share is less than ne in three. Fr thse desiring crprate greatness, the message seems clear: yu snze (打盹), yu lse.
Plenty f research finds benefits in early rising. In a study cnducted in 2012 at the University f Trnt, “early birds”, larks, reprted feeling happier and healthier. “Night wls” (貓頭鷹), tend t have less sleep, which can weigh n their md and health - as well as their prductivity. “Early birds” are certainly held in higher regard. Rlling int the ffice late cntinues t be frwned upn in mst wrk-places. Mrever, “night wls” were perceived as being lazy, undisciplined and immature.
Rising early is nt, thugh, all upside. Urgent tasks ften cme up during the day, meaning that thse wh cme in early may end up wrking just as late as their dawn-averse clleagues. Waking befre sunrise als risks turning yu int a bre. Sme “l(fā)arks” g hme early rather than scialize after hurs. “Night wls”, by cntrast, bast abundant time t enjy themselves.
Effrts t alter yur sleep pattern, which is largely a prduct f yur genes, are likely t end in sleepy frustratin. Dimming yur lights at night and buying a special alarm clck will nt magically transfrm yu int a mrning persn. Thse early hurs will be f little use if they are spent staring blankly at a screen thrugh sleepy eyes.
Perhaps the best advice, then, is t stp wrrying abut yur bdy clck. Mst peple are neither“early birds” nr “night wls”, but in between. They d nt perfrm well first thing in the mrning r late in the evening. Many, get sleepy in the afternn, t. That is why mst ffices perate between 9 and 5 - and why they ught t have nap rms.
13．Why is “Tim Ck” mentined in paragraph 1?
A．T apprve f his gd habit.B．T praise the virtues f a lie-in.
C．T shw bsses favr getting up early.D．T illustrate the success f his business.
14．What’s an advantage f being a “night wl”?
A．Being mre prductive.B．Finishing mre tasks.
C．Having mre time t scialize.D．Feeling mre psitive.
15．What’s the authr’s attitude twards changing yur sleep pattern?
A．Supprtive.B．Disapprving.
C．Indifferent.D．Cnservative.
16．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．The Benefits f Being Early BirdsB．Hw t Alter Yur Bilgical Clck?
C．The Harmful Effects f Staying up LateD．Is It Better t Be Early Birds r Night Owls?
【答案】13．C 14．C 15．B 16．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了早起的人和夜貓子兩種生活方式的利弊，建議大家不要輕易改變自己的作息習(xí)慣。
13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Rare is the chief executive wh praises the virtues f a lie-in. Tim Ck, bss f Apple, maker f the iPhne, wakes between 4 am and 5 am. Tw-thirds f the chief executives f large American cmpanies are up by 6 ’ clck; fr average Americans the share is less than ne in three. (很少有首席執(zhí)行官會(huì)稱贊睡懶覺(jué)的好處。蒂姆·庫(kù)克，蘋(píng)果公司的老板，iPhne的制造商，每天早上4點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)起床。三分之二的美國(guó)大公司首席執(zhí)行官6點(diǎn)就起床了；對(duì)于普通美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，這一比例不到三分之一。)”可知幾乎沒(méi)有老板喜歡賴床，反之老板喜歡早起的生活方式。所以提到Tim Ck，蘋(píng)果公司的老板，是為了說(shuō)明老板都喜歡早起。故選C。
14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Sme “l(fā)arks” g hme early rather than scialize after hurs. “Night wls”, by cntrast, bast abundant time t enjy themselves. (有些“百靈鳥(niǎo)”寧愿早早回家，也不愿下班后參加社交活動(dòng)。相比之下，“夜貓子”自詡有充足的時(shí)間享受生活。)”可知早起的百靈鳥(niǎo)回家早而不出去社交，而夜貓子卻有很多時(shí)間享受自己，也就是夜貓子有更多的時(shí)間進(jìn)行社交。故選C。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Effrts t alter yur sleep pattern, which is largely a prduct f yur genes, are likely t end in sleepy frustratin. Dimming yur lights at night and buying a special alarm clck will nt magically transfrm yu int a mrning persn. Thse early hurs will be f little use if they are spent staring blankly at a screen thrugh sleepy eyes.(你的睡眠模式很大程度上是由你的基因決定的，改變這種模式的努力很可能以困倦的挫敗告終。晚上調(diào)暗燈光，買(mǎi)一個(gè)特殊的鬧鐘不會(huì)神奇地把你變成一個(gè)早起的人。如果用睡眼惺忪的眼神茫然地盯著屏幕，那么早起的時(shí)間就沒(méi)什么用了。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為睡眠模式很大程度上是由基因決定的，所以不建議更改這種模式，即反對(duì)改變生物鐘。故選B。
16．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其最后一段“Perhaps the best advice, then, is t stp wrrying abut yur bdy clck. Mst peple are neither “early birds” nr “night wls”, but in between. They d nt perfrm well first thing in the mrning r late in the evening. Many, get sleepy in the afternn, t. That is why mst ffices perate between 9 and 5 - and why they ught t have nap rms. (也許最好的建議就是不要再擔(dān)心你的生物鐘了。大多數(shù)人既不是“早起鳥(niǎo)”也不是“夜貓子”，而是介于兩者之間。他們?cè)谠缟匣蛲砩系牡谝患戮捅憩F(xiàn)不佳。許多人在下午也會(huì)犯困。這就是為什么大多數(shù)辦公室的工作時(shí)間是9點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)，也是為什么他們應(yīng)該有午休室的原因。)”可知文章討論了早起的人和夜貓子兩種生活方式的利弊，作者建議大家不要輕易改變自己的作息習(xí)慣，因?yàn)榇蟛糠秩硕际瞧胀ㄈ耍訢選項(xiàng)“早起的鳥(niǎo)好還是夜貓子好？”適合做文章的標(biāo)題，故選D。

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