高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題09閱讀理解之推理判斷題——由內(nèi)及外（含解析）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?專題09 閱讀理解之推理判斷題——由內(nèi)及外

層級二
拉分題目分分搶
相較于細(xì)節(jié)理解題來說，閱讀理解題型中的推理判斷題、詞句猜測題、主旨大意題，題目相對比較難。對于這類題目，在考前復(fù)習(xí)中要特別關(guān)注，要迎難而上，認(rèn)真分析，努力爭創(chuàng)高分。

近3年高考推理判斷題題量統(tǒng)計(jì)
考綱解讀
　　年份
卷別　　　
2022
2021
2020
(1)推理判斷題主要考查考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，由里及外，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時(shí)借助一定的常識進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷的能力。
(2)高考對推理判斷題的考查形式包括以下幾種：推斷隱含意義、推斷目的意圖、推斷文章出處或讀者對象、推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。
新高考卷Ⅰ
7
5

新高考卷II
5
5

全國卷Ⅰ(全國乙卷)
5
6
5
全國卷Ⅱ(全國甲卷)
3
8
3
全國卷Ⅲ

4

推理判斷題相對于細(xì)節(jié)理解題，難度較高，特別是新高考閱讀理解加大了對文章深層理解題的考查，不僅要求理解作者言外之意，還要求對文章的寫作意圖和寫作手法作出評判，這些題目往往成為考生得高分的攔路虎。這就要求考生具有較高的閱讀理解能力，掌握一定閱讀技巧，仔細(xì)閱讀，認(rèn)真分析，確保突破難點(diǎn)得高分。2m

命題方式
解題捷徑
選項(xiàng)特征
1.We can infer from the (first .../last) paragraph that ________．
2．The passage/author implies/suggests that __________．
3．It can be concluded from the passage that ________．
4．The main purpose of the passage is __________．
5．Where does this passage probably come from?
6．What’s the author’s attitude towards...？
　　解答推理判斷題目時(shí)一定要透過字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”，在進(jìn)行推斷時(shí)，要據(jù)文推理、合情推理，不可脫離原文主觀臆斷。
1．定位原文，字斟句酌，“一步推導(dǎo)”定隱含推斷題
2．依照首段、尾段、文體特征及文章來源判斷
3．利用褒貶詞匯，判斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度
4．圍繞主題，恰當(dāng)判斷寫作意圖
正確選項(xiàng)特征
1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推得。
2．選項(xiàng)中一般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對概念。如only, never, all, absolutely等，正確答案常用一些相對能夠留有一些余地的詞匯，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, probably等。
干擾選項(xiàng)特征
1．張冠李戴　　　
2.無中生有
3．曲解文意　　　
4.擴(kuò)縮范圍

微技能一隱含推斷題——“一步推導(dǎo)”知隱含
近幾年高考隱含推斷題一般考查5題左右，高考越來越傾向考查學(xué)生對文章深層的理解能力，隱含推斷題主要考查以下幾個(gè)方面：
1．細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，即根據(jù)文章特定細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷；
2．綜合推斷題，即根據(jù)全段、甚至全篇，結(jié)合多處信息推斷文章寓意或深層意義；
3．邏輯推斷題，即嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。
細(xì)節(jié)推斷題——關(guān)鍵信息顯神功
細(xì)節(jié)推斷題：要求考生根據(jù)語篇關(guān)系，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件、具體信息等?？忌獜奈恼卤旧硭峁┑男畔⒊霭l(fā)，抓住關(guān)鍵的信息詞，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，并借助一定的常識進(jìn)行分析、推理和判斷。
【典例1】　(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ閱讀A)
Hotel__and__Hostel__Des__Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10－minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions.The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi－Fi.
23．What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?版權(quán)所有
A．It gets noisy at night. B．Its staff is too talkative.
C．It charges for Wi－Fi. D．It’s inconveniently located.
【分析】　
第一步　找關(guān)鍵詞：Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
第二步　定位到原文：從題干Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes 可將考查內(nèi)容定位到第四個(gè)廣告下的信息中。“However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi－Fi.”
第三步　仔細(xì)比對選項(xiàng)：從該信息可知，該旅社離中心城市車站很近、靠近很多的景點(diǎn)、員工友好樂于助人、提供城市地圖、盡可能提供建議。但每天需要支付無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)費(fèi)2歐元。故選C?！境鎏帲骸?br /> 綜合推斷題——多處信息推隱含
綜合推斷題：有些推理判斷題，很難從某一句話或某幾句話推斷出其含義，這時(shí)就需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，從而確定最佳結(jié)論。
【典例2】　(2021·八省市聯(lián)考閱讀C)
Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible.The magician is a specially trained actor.He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.
Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done.The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical devices(機(jī)械裝置)．Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of psychology is important.The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment.He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions.The magician’s success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.
Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear.A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects.For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups.The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change colour.What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball.While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand.The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.
Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again.What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something else.Then he “magically” makes it appear whole again by displaying(展示)another object that has not been cut or burned.
11．What can we infer from the text?
A．Mechanical devices are expensive.
B．Most magicians employ assistants.
C．It takes practice to perform magic.
D．Small objects are magicians’ favourite.
【分析】
第一步　通讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：infer from the text
第二步　定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：通過文章第一段中The magician is a specially trained actor.和第二段中The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands..., 第三段中．..employing quick hand movements...和第四段中．..by quickly hiding it...可知，魔術(shù)師的操作都是微妙和迅速的，還需要熟悉心理學(xué)去轉(zhuǎn)移觀眾的注意力。
第三步　仔細(xì)比對選項(xiàng)：由以上信息可知，變魔術(shù)需要下功夫練習(xí)。故選C。
邏輯推斷題——邏輯關(guān)系細(xì)推敲
邏輯推斷題：邏輯推斷是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論。解答這類題的前提是獲得短文的主題思想或列舉的具體事實(shí)，然后按題目的要求進(jìn)行推斷。
【典例3】　(2021·全國甲卷閱讀B)
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽)．When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈養(yǎng))．
24．Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A．Costly. B．Controversial.
C．Ambitious. D．Successful.
【分析】　
第一步　通讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：describes
第二步　定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：根據(jù)本段第二句“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve”，該動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)已經(jīng)成功繁育出40頭稀有黑犀；最后一句“especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈養(yǎng))”，可知黑犀的繁育難度很高。
第三步　仔細(xì)比對選項(xiàng)：綜合前面兩句話提供的信息，可以推出，黑犀繁育效果很好，結(jié)合上下文語境可以推出，該項(xiàng)目非常成功。故選D。
微技能二觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題——忠于措辭定態(tài)度
觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題是高考英語閱讀?？嫉囊环N題型，也是考生很容易失分的一種題型。文章作者或文中人物對某事物所持的情感、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中。常見的設(shè)問方式有：
·How does the author feel about...？　　　　　　　
·What does the author think of...?
·What is the author’s attitude towards/to...?
·The author’s attitude towards...can be described as ________．
4關(guān)注1不要
(1)關(guān)注首段首尾句，確定文章主題，判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。
(2)關(guān)注but后表示觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的語句來判斷作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)。
(3)關(guān)注作者所舉的例子或者所引用的話語，來判斷文章作者或文中人物的態(tài)度傾向。
(4)關(guān)注文章語言的褒貶來判斷作者的態(tài)度。
(5)不要將個(gè)人的好惡態(tài)度揉進(jìn)題中，要學(xué)會(huì)分清作者本人的態(tài)度和作者引用觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度。
牢記4類選項(xiàng)常用詞匯
肯定
positive積極樂觀的；optimistic樂觀的；supportive支持的；hopeful有希望的；promising有前途的；favourable贊許的
否定
negative否定的，消極的；disapproving 不贊成的；critical 批評的；unfavourable不贊同的
懷疑
suspicious可疑的，懷疑的；doubtful可疑的
主/客觀
subjective主觀的；objective客觀的
中立
neutral中立的；indifferent不關(guān)心的；uninterested不感興趣的；unconcerned不關(guān)心的
【典例4】　(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ閱讀D)
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重視) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well－being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re－evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
34．What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A．Favorable. B．Intolerant.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
【分析】
第一步　通讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
第二步　定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：根據(jù)第三段的首句Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far...more beneficial than harmful.可知，作者認(rèn)為情商普及利大于弊。
第三步　仔細(xì)比對選項(xiàng)：又根據(jù)The most positive aspect of this popularization...和The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped...可知，作者對于情商普及是贊成的。故選A。
微技能三寫作意圖/手法題——文章主旨推意圖
考查判斷作者寫作意圖/手法的試題是閱讀理解題中較高層次的題目。寫作意圖與文章主題不同，但與它關(guān)系密切，所以可以算作主旨大意題的一種變體。二者的異同可以從下面的對比中看出：文章主旨是中心思想、文章大意，而寫作意圖則闡述文章為何表達(dá)這個(gè)中心思想。在高考中既可能考查全文的寫作意圖，又可能考查某處細(xì)節(jié)或某一段落的寫作意圖。近幾年高考寫作意圖/手法題主要考查以下幾個(gè)方面：1.考查整篇文章的寫作意圖；2.考查某處細(xì)節(jié)的寫作意圖；3.考查作者的寫作手法。
從寫作文體推斷寫作意圖

記敘文
一般會(huì)在首段或尾段出現(xiàn)高度概括的總結(jié)性的語言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的敘述都是圍繞該哲理展開的。
新聞報(bào)道
新聞報(bào)道通常由導(dǎo)語和主體組成。把握導(dǎo)語就是找到了整篇文章的主旨，進(jìn)而了解寫作意圖。
應(yīng)用文
文章中有對某種物品或服務(wù)的詳盡介紹，使用具有明顯支持傾向的語言。寫作意圖主要為告知、推銷或者吸引讀者參觀等。
說明文
寫作意圖有賴于對文章主旨的把握，閱讀時(shí)需要找準(zhǔn)主題句。
議論文
提出論點(diǎn)——進(jìn)行論證——得出結(jié)論，作者的意圖往往隱含于最后一部分中。

從寫作手法推斷寫作意圖

從字里行間推斷寫作意圖
在閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把寫作意圖說出來，需要讀者在理解整體語篇的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)字面意思，通過全篇邏輯關(guān)系，推敲作者的寫作意圖。
【典例5】　(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ閱讀D)
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.21教育名創(chuàng)33．Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A．To explain a role. B．To clarify a concept.
C．To present a fact. D．To make a prediction.
【分析】
第一步　審讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：paragraph 2
第二步　從字里行間推斷寫作意圖：由第二段首句We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.可知本段主要介紹情商的概念。
第三步　仔細(xì)比對選項(xiàng)：比對選項(xiàng)可知，提到的“醫(yī)生”和“騙子”是對這一概念的解釋。故選B。
微技能四文章出處、類別/讀者對象題—文體特征推出處
幾乎所有的文章都可能涉及文章出處、文章類別或讀者對象題。推斷文章出處或類別要從文章內(nèi)容、語言特色和標(biāo)志信息著手；確定讀者對象要從文章主題和文章措辭來判斷。
熟知8類文體判文章出處

3步確定讀者對象

【典例6】　(2021·八省市聯(lián)考閱讀A)
The Pre－College Program offers non－credit courses.Students will experience college－level courses given by some of our college’s leading experts and will receive written feedback (反饋) on their work at the end of the course.Pre－College students will also receive a grade of Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory and a certificate of completion at the conclusion of the program.21·育1．Who is the text intended for?
A．The general public. B．College freshmen.
C．Educational experts. D．High school students.
【分析】
第一步　確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息：the text intended for
第二步　定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“The Pre－College Program offers non－credit courses.”和第一段中的“ Pre－college students will also receive a grade of Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory and a certificate of completion at the conclusion of the program.”可推知，這篇文章是寫給大學(xué)預(yù)科生即高中生的。
第三步　本題的關(guān)鍵是理解Pre－College的意思，前綴pre－的意思是“在……前；先于”，由此可以推出答案。故選D。

精做高考真題
Passage 1、（2022·浙江·高考真題）
Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(適度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情緒) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
1．What does Ellen Langer’s study show?
A．It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist B．Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C．Simpler jobs require greater caution. D．Moderate effort produces the best result.
2．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B．Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C．A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D．Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
3．What does the text seem to advocate?
A．Middle-of-the-road work habits. B．Balance between work and family.
C．Long-standing cultural traditions. D．Harmony in the work environment.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了許多人認(rèn)為工作到最大限度是成功的秘訣，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會(huì)帶來成果。所以要適度工作，工作時(shí)要有積極的情緒，這會(huì)讓自己在工作中更有效率。
【詳情解析】
1．【D】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(適度) also gets results on the job.(許多人認(rèn)為工作到最大限度是成功的秘訣，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會(huì)帶來成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.(在哈佛大學(xué)Ellen Langer領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員要求人們將句子翻譯成一種新的虛構(gòu)的語言。那些事先適度練習(xí)這門語言的受試者比那些全力練習(xí)或根本不練習(xí)的受試者犯的錯(cuò)誤要少。)”可知，第一段提出主題，即適度的工作也會(huì)帶來成果，接著第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究來證明這一點(diǎn)，由此可推知，Ellen Langer的研究表明適度的努力會(huì)產(chǎn)生最好的結(jié)果。故選D。
2．【C】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity.(此外，許多研究表明，積極的情緒能夠提高生產(chǎn)力和創(chuàng)造力。 )”可知，積極的情緒能夠提高生產(chǎn)力和創(chuàng)造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于創(chuàng)造性思維。故選C。
3．【A】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“but research has found that moderation(適度) also gets results on the job.(但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會(huì)帶來成果)”和第二段中“High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.(高盡責(zé)性與低工作表現(xiàn)有關(guān)，尤其是在簡單的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介紹研究表明適度的工作也會(huì)帶來成果，所以文章提倡適度工作，即中庸的工作習(xí)慣。故選A。
Passage 2、（2022·北京·高考真題）
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障礙 ) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
What can we learn from this passage?
A．Practice makes perfect. B．Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C．Action is worry’s worst enemy. D．Everything comes to those who wait.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者通過參加保護(hù)自然活動(dòng)治愈好了自己的焦慮。
【詳情解析】
【C】推理判斷題。由第一段“ Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.”（去年年初，我被一種焦慮困擾，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我決定完成申請，很快我就成為了一個(gè)不斷壯大的全球年輕人保護(hù)自然團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員。每一步都讓我更加自信。)可知，文章主要講述作者通過參加保護(hù)自然活動(dòng)治愈好了自己的焦慮。所以從文章中我們能學(xué)到行動(dòng)是憂慮最大的敵人。故選C項(xiàng)。
Passage3、（2021·北京·高考真題）
I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（學(xué)期） project of volunteering at a non-profit organization．When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．
Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me．After doing some research， I believed that we could really do something for those kids．When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（絕望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation．We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——one kit，one child．
The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together．When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child．Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed．While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it．I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on．When the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget．
In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．
What can we conclude from this passage？
A．One's potential cannot always be underrated．
B．First impression cannot always be trusted．
C．Actions speak louder than words．
D．He who hesitates is lost．
【語篇解讀】
本文是記敘文。講述了作者一開始認(rèn)為加入伊拉克兒童行動(dòng)項(xiàng)目不會(huì)達(dá)到他的期望，但是最后通過努力對自己和他人帶來影響，說明第一印象不總是可信的。
【詳情解析】
【B】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（我對這個(gè)組織的第一印象是，它不會(huì)對我心中的計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生足夠的影響。）和最后一段“In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life????????????of another person．Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．”（一開始，我鼓勵(lì)自己去改變另一個(gè)人的生活?，F(xiàn)在我們的項(xiàng)目結(jié)束了，我意識到我不僅影響了一個(gè)人的生活，而且影響了十個(gè)人的生活。在我們的努力下，十名男孩和女孩現(xiàn)在將能夠繼續(xù)接受教育。）可知，一開始作者認(rèn)為加入伊拉克兒童行動(dòng)不會(huì)達(dá)到他的期望，但是最后通過努力對自己和他人帶來影響，說明第一印象不總是可信的。故選B。
Passage 4、（2021·浙江高考真題）
Leslie Nielsen’s childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life — his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (職業(yè)) in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.
But even then, what he had wasn’t quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn’t until 1980 — 32 years into his career — that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the comer. He never stopped working, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen’s devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.
What does Nielsen’s career story tell us?
A．Art is long, life is short. B．He who laughs last laughs longest.
C．It’s never too late to learn. D．Where there’s a will there’s a way.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Leslie Nielsen的演藝生涯。
【詳情解析】
【D】推理判斷題。通讀全文，再結(jié)合文章最后一段第二、三句話“He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life. (他憑借平凡的努力和決心建立了一個(gè)非常成功的事業(yè)。他告訴我們，即使是只有一個(gè)愿望，永不放棄，也能成就非凡的人生)”可推知，Nielsen的職業(yè)經(jīng)歷告訴我們：有志者事竟成。故選D。
Passage 5、（2020·江蘇·高考真題）
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陳代謝的) rates and took samples (樣品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白質(zhì)) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰島素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
What could be learned from the research?
A．A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B．Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C．Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D．Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
【語篇解讀】
本文是說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，結(jié)果表明對于那些能忍受的人來說，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對健康更有益。
【詳情解析】
【D】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.可知，這些結(jié)果的暗示，為了從運(yùn)動(dòng)中獲得最大的健康益處，先不吃東西可能更明智。因此推斷早飯前的體育鍛煉對健康更有益。故選D。
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Passage 1、（2022·北京四中高三期中質(zhì)量檢測）
Virtual reality is quickly becoming the new technological frontier. Tech companies everywhere seem to be racing to get their foot in the VR door. However, Virtual reality has a set of challenges and hurdles that it must overcome in order to work well. Michael Abrash, a writer and programmer, listed a number of these in a speech from 2014; they include things like low latency, high refresh rate, high resolution, a wide field of view and rock solid tracking, among others. Even if you don’t quite understand the technical aspects of those terms, it should be noted that VR is heavily dependent on being very fast, very accurate and very good-looking. If it isn’t, the viewer will feel motion sick or disconnected from the world that VR is trying to create.
Now that we can actually build VR headsets that begin to meet these requirements, we are seeing a rising interest in VR. As it rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using virtual reality. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists should always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?
Some journalists and publications are already utilizing VR. Vice creative director Spike Jonze, in a collaboration with director and visual artist Chris Milk, put viewers at the scene of the Millions March protest in New York in December, 2014. The University of Southern California created “Project Syria,” which allows viewers to experience the bombing of a crowded neighborhood and visit a refugee camp in the titular, war-torn country. These are just a few examples of a growing number of projects that are out there.
Virtual reality is a powerful tool for journalists. The consumer isn’t just reading or watching something play out; they’re experiencing it. The immersive nature of VR allows for people to connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our instinct than our intellect. The possibilities for storytelling here are legion, and any storyteller wanting to do something more interesting than their peers should surely be considering the sheer power of VR.
The question of virtual reality, though, is not how powerful it is. That is immediately apparent. The question of VR is one of viability and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces. If the tools to tell a story with VR aren’t easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If VR technology isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail.
Accessibility was one concern for Thomas Hallaq, assistant professor of journalism and mass communications, who said that current VR technology is pretty exclusive right now. Despite that, he said he doesn’t think the exclusivity of this technology will be a problem in the long run.
“I think it’s very promising,” Hallaq said. “We’re seeing more technology become accessible, and more people having access to that technology. Just look at smartphones.” If the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent hurdles, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, virtual reality will change the way we tell stories.
What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of VR technology?
A．optimistic B．neutral C．pessimistic D．concerned
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)（VR）技術(shù)在新聞?lì)I(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)是記者的強(qiáng)大工具，但也存在一定的問題。
【詳情解析】
【A】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“If the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent hurdles, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, virtual reality will change the way we tell stories.(如果這項(xiàng)技術(shù)得到廣泛應(yīng)用，Oculus、三星、HTC和Valve等公司能夠克服固有的障礙，VR將成功成為一種令人滿意的講故事的手段。就像之前的廣播、電視和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)一樣，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)將改變我們講故事的方式)”可推知，作者對VR技術(shù)的未來持積極態(tài)度。故選A。
Passage 2、（2022·山西省長治市第二中學(xué)校高三診斷測試）
17-year-old Dasia Taylor was named one of 40 finalists in the Regeneron Science Talent Search (STS), the nation’s most famous Science and math competition for high school seniors.
Dasia’s sutures (縫合線) work by changing color if the patients’ pH level changes, indicating an infection. pH is one of the most common parts of wound healing, Dasia said. It changes very quickly, so it’s one of the fastest ways to recognize infection.
So, she started experimenting with root vegetables. “I found that beet changed color at the perfect pH point,” says Taylor. “That’s perfect for an infected wound. And so, I was like, ‘Oh, okay. So beet is where it’s at’.” Beet provided the perfect dye for her invention, changing from bright red to dark purple when a surgical wound becomes infected. After more than a year of research, Taylor is working on getting her sutures patented.
She imagines these sutures being used in developing countries where they can save lives and money. “The goal of my project is to reduce the number of deadly surgical site infections in developing countries because developing countries suffer from the most number of deaths due to surgical site infections,” she said. “I was like there is no way that that should be happening. The equity part of my brain and all the work that I do around equity was like ‘That shouldn’t be happening. They should have the resources to save their citizens in their country.’ So, my goal is to work on that and make sure that it can actually discover those types of infections and stuff.” After graduation, Dasia hopes to attend Howard University, study political science and finally become a lawyer.
1．What did Dasia discover in her experiment?
A．Beet has the same pH level. B．Beet can change color at different times.
C．Beet therapy is good for wound healing. D．Beet can be used to help her with the invention.
2．What can we learn about Dasia?
A．She has won the invention patent.
B．She became the winner of the Regeneron STS.
C．She made contributions to surgical infection recognition.
D．She helped save lots of lives and money in developing countries.
3．What will Dasia’s future career probably involve?
A．Medical and health work. B．Medical device development.
C．Something about the legal aid. D．Medical and science research.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了17歲的高中生泰勒Dasia發(fā)現(xiàn)通過觀察縫線顏色的變化，很快就可以知道病人傷口是否感染，為外科感染識別做出了貢獻(xiàn)。
【詳情解析】
1．【D】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ Beet provided the perfect dye for her invention, changing from bright red to dark purple when a surgical wound becomes infected. ”(甜菜為她的發(fā)明提供了完美的染料，當(dāng)手術(shù)傷口感染時(shí)，甜菜會(huì)從亮紅色變成深紫色)可知達(dá)西婭在實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)甜菜可以幫助她完成這項(xiàng)發(fā)明。故選D。
2．【C】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The goal of my project is to reduce the number of deadly surgical site infections in developing countries because developing countries suffer from the most number of deaths due to surgical site infections.”（我這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是減少發(fā)展中國家致命手術(shù)部位感染的數(shù)量，因?yàn)榘l(fā)展中國家因手術(shù)部位感染而死亡的人數(shù)最多）以及“They should have the resources to save their citizens in their country.’ So, my goal is to work on that and make sure that it can actually discover those types of infections and stuff.”（他們應(yīng)該有資源來拯救自己國家的公民。所以，我的目標(biāo)是研究它，確保它可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些類型的感染和東西）可知達(dá)西婭為外科感染識別做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選C。
3．【C】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“After graduation, Dasia hopes to attend Howard University, study political science and finally become a lawyer.”（畢業(yè)后，Dasia希望進(jìn)入霍華德大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)政治學(xué)，最終成為一名律師）可知達(dá)西婭未來的職業(yè)生涯可能會(huì)涉及法律援助。故選C。
Passage 3、（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·赤峰二中高三月考檢測）
Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. I’d watch as he put his personal items away: his watch, wallet, comb and car keys. They would always occupy the same spot on the table every time.
Dad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum. Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?”
I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, and then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me, and place the comb on top of his wallet.
About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. He didn’t come home as much as he used to. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble? Over the years, I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.
Now 28, I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has also started to get back on track. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me went on.
Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. On that evening, I helped him carry his bags into his study as usual. When I turned to leave, he asked me to clean his comb. I looked at him for a while, then took the comb and headed to the sink.
It was a new comb. This one was brown. I hadn’t noticed that he’d changed it. After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before.
1．From the first three paragraphs, we can learn ________.
A．the precious green comb of Dad was made of jade
B．the earliest memories with Dad were full of joy
C．the author wasn’t willing to clean the comb for Dad
D．the author would study together with Dad every evening
2．What probably made Dad decide to resign from his original job to start his own business?
A．That he was fired and had to make a living.
B．That he was eager to get everything on track.
C．That he hoped to earn a better life for the family.
D．That he wanted to keep the life for his family stable.
3．What emotional changes did the author experience when staying with Dad these years?
A．mad → satisfied → warm B．satisfied → worried → angry
C．warm → concerned → uncomfortable D．cheerful → mad→ warm
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者小時(shí)候很喜歡等父親下班，與爸爸共度夜晚，幫父親清理他的梳子。但是后來父親自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，初期艱難，便不那么經(jīng)常回家了，和作者之間的夜間親子互動(dòng)也少了很多。作者對此心懷怨念。在作者28歲生日的那天晚上，父親和作者進(jìn)行了很久以前的夜間親子互動(dòng)活動(dòng)“給爸爸洗梳子”，解開了心結(jié)。
【詳情解析】
1．【B】推理判斷題。由第一段中的“Some of my earliest memories involve sitting with my dad in his study every night when he came home from the office. (我最早的記憶包括每天晚上爸爸從辦公室回家時(shí)，和他坐在書房里)”，第二段中的“Every night, he would smile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?”(每天晚上，他都會(huì)笑著把梳子遞給我，說：“做個(gè)好女孩，幫爸爸清洗它，好嗎？”)”和第三段中的“I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. (我非常樂意做這件事。在我五歲的時(shí)候，這種任務(wù)給我?guī)砹藰O大的快樂)”可得出，作者與爸爸最早的回憶充滿了喜悅。故選B項(xiàng)。
2．【C】推理判斷題。由第四段中的“About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. (大約兩年后，爸爸離開了他的銷售工作，開始了自己的批發(fā)事業(yè))”，“Dad’s business wasn’t doing so well, and our stable life started getting shaky. (爸爸的生意做得不太好，我們的穩(wěn)定生活開始動(dòng)搖)”和“Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble? (為什么他不聽媽媽的話，只做他以前的工作？為什么要冒這個(gè)險(xiǎn)，讓全家陷入困境？)”可知，爸爸放棄穩(wěn)定生活，承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)去創(chuàng)業(yè)，應(yīng)該是希望為這個(gè)家庭創(chuàng)造更好的生活。故選C項(xiàng)。
3．【D】推理判斷題。由第三段中的“I was more than happy to do it. At age five, this kind of task brought me such joy. (我非常樂意做這件事。在我五歲的時(shí)候，這種任務(wù)給我?guī)砹藰O大的快樂)”可得出，作者與爸爸最早的回憶充滿了喜悅；由第四段中的“I started to get mad. Why didn’t he listen to Mum and just stick to his old job? Why take the risk and place the whole family in trouble? (我開始生氣了。為什么他不聽媽媽的話，只做他以前的工作？為什么要冒這個(gè)險(xiǎn)，讓全家陷入困境？)”和第五段中的“Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me went on. (然而，爸爸和我之間令人不安的沉默還在繼續(xù))”可得出，作者對爸爸的行為感到生氣，二人關(guān)系很僵；由最后一段中的“After cleaning it, I passed it back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before. (洗完后，我把它遞給了爸爸。他看著它，笑了。但這一次，我注意到了一些不同的東西。我爸爸已經(jīng)老了。當(dāng)他微笑時(shí)，眼睛旁邊有皺紋，但他的笑容仍然像以前一樣溫暖人心)”可得出，作者和爸爸解開心結(jié)，作者感到溫暖；這些年來，作者與父親在一起時(shí)經(jīng)歷了“快樂的→生氣的→溫暖的”的情感變化。故選D項(xiàng)。
Passage 4、（2022·遼寧實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三期中考試）
At 81 years old, Jeanne Daprano is still pushing her body to the limit. She’s still running competitive races, breaking world records and taking on new challenges. “The thing I’m learning about aging is that it’s inevitable,” Daprano said. “I’m not going to escape it. There are two ways to go: You can either press on or give up.”
Daprano grew up in Iowa. Then, she moved to California. As a primary school teacher, she began running in order to keep up with her student. “I was known as a running teacher,” she said. “I had my students do fitness before we studied in the morning and then throughout the day.” Then she began running competitively with 5K and 10K road races before moving to the track. She is now the world record holder in the women’s 75-year-old age group 400 meters and 800 meters. “When I get to the final finish line, I want this body to be worn out. I’m not doing this to live to be 100. I’m doing this to be the best I can be today.”
After moving to Atlanta about a decade ago, Daprano met fitness trainer David Buer. Ever since, she’s been coming to his gym, where he tailors workouts for Daprano’s specifc needs. “When she came to me, she was pushing 70 years old,” Buer said. “I’ve worked with other individuals Jeanne’s age, but she came to me with different goals. She had a unique drive and passion — not just a passion for fitness or athletics but for life in general.”
Last February, Daprano took on a new challenge: her first indoor rowing competition. In classic fashion, she broke the world record in the 80-to-84 age group, rowing 2,000 meters in 9:23:7. For those hoping to either start getting in shape or stay in shape for a long time, she offers this advice: Listen to your body. What are you passionate about? How are you going to keep physically fit and mentally fit? Start where you are. Don’t look ahead or compare yourself to somebody else.
What might be Buer’s first impression of Daprano?
A．She was a qualified teacher. B．She was an unusual woman.
C．She was too old to run a race. D．She was hard to get along with.
【語篇解讀】
本文為一篇記敘文。81歲的Jeanne Daprano仍然在突破身體的極限，她參加競技比賽，打破世界紀(jì)錄，接受新的挑戰(zhàn)。文章介紹了她如何開始跑步并描述了她對運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱愛。
【詳情解析】
【B】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段““When she came to me, she was pushing 70 years old,” Buer said. “I’ve worked with other individuals Jeanne’s age, but she came to me with different goals. She had a unique drive and passion — not just a passion for fitness or athletics but for life in general.””（布爾說:“她來找我的時(shí)候已經(jīng)快70歲了?！薄拔液推渌驼淠萃g的人一起工作過，但她帶著不同的目標(biāo)來找我。她有一種獨(dú)特的動(dòng)力和激情——不僅僅是對健身或運(yùn)動(dòng)的激情，而是對生活的激情。”）可知，當(dāng)Buer第一次見到Daprano時(shí)，他認(rèn)為她是與眾不同的。故選B項(xiàng)。
Passage 5、（2022·吉林·長春市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）
People who seek comfort by pouring their hearts out in Courtney’s office don’t get rewarded with an Xanax or Prozac prescription (處方). Instead, they walk away with a reading list of some fictions.
Such fictions as To Kill a Mockingbird and The Color Purple teach you complicated topics like racism, poverty, bullying and other issues. They could also help you know your own heart and others’. Keith Oatley, a psychology professor at Toronto University, recommends novels that help us understand the characters from the inside rather than plot—driven novels. We can learn from a literary masterpiece, such as Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, or from popular fictions such as Harry Potter. Spending quality time with these characters as you relax on the beach or sit propped up on bed pillows may enhance your EQ (emotional intelligence).
Lab tests seem to show this. Brain scans of people who have been reading fictions show the area that corresponds with emotion lights up. Even if you are not a keen reader, there’s still hope. Past studies have shown serial TV programs that are character driven such as The West Wing or The Good Wife also help you better understand what we human beings are up to. Other studies have shown watching character-driven sitcoms can lessen a viewer’s prejudice.
You can be as witty as Sherlock, but to get along well in this life, you really do need to understand people emotionally. And you can’t be as emotionally unavailable as Mr. Darcy throughout much of Pride and Prejudice. You have to learn the lesson Jane Austen is trying to teach with that book. Kieth said, “To love people, you really have to know them.” People say you only get one life, but I say read fictions and you can live many lives in one.
1．How is the third paragraph mainly developed?
A．By analyzing some data. B．By following the order of time.
C．By providing some evidence. D．By making some comparisons.
2．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Sherlock gets along well in life. B．Darcy is not very emotionally intelligent.
C．Keith loves reading Austen’s novels. D．Reading fictions can lengthen our life.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文。文章講述了閱讀小說對提升人們的情商有益。
【詳情解析】
1．【C】推理判斷題。第二段最后一句“Spending quality time with these characters as you relax on the beach or sit propped up on bed pillows may enhance your EQ (emotional intelligence).(當(dāng)你在沙灘上放松，或者倚靠在枕頭上時(shí)，和這些人物共度美好時(shí)光可以提高你的情商)”提到閱讀小說對提升人們的情商有益，根據(jù)第三段中“Lab tests seem to show this.(實(shí)驗(yàn)室測試似乎證明了這一點(diǎn))”及“Past studies have shown serial TV programs that are character driven such as The West Wing or The Good Wife also help you better understand what we human beings are up to. Other studies have shown watching character-driven sitcoms can lessen a viewer’s prejudice.(過去的研究表明，像《白宮風(fēng)云》和《傲骨賢妻》這樣受角色驅(qū)動(dòng)的系列電視節(jié)目也能幫助你更好地理解我們?nèi)祟惖男袨?。其他研究表明，觀看以角色為導(dǎo)向的情景喜劇可以減少觀眾的偏見)”可知，第三段是通過提供一些證據(jù)展開的。故選C項(xiàng)。
2．【B】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句話“And you can’t be as emotionally unavailable as Mr. Darcy throughout much of Pride and Prejudice.(你不能像在《傲慢與偏見》中的Darcy先生一樣感情用事)”可知，Darcy先生是一個(gè)感情用事的人，情商不高。故選B項(xiàng)。
Passage 6、（2022·黑龍江·哈爾濱三中高三階段性考試）
It was late on a Thursday evening in Austin, Texas, and I had just finished my shift downtown waiting tables. I hopped into my truck and headed away from the chaos to my own personal oasis, Dan’s Depot. It was on a four-lane road that went straight from the heart of Austin to West Texas. Once, Dan’s Depot had been outside of the city. But with Austin’s population growing and the city’s expansion, it was swallowed up by high-rise buildings and skyscrapers.
I’ve been familiar with Dan’s Depot since I played my first show there. Like most waiters in Austin, I’m actually a musician. The woman who welcomes customers is Dan’s wife Maude.
I slid my truck into the last free spot and headed to the door. “How’s it going, Maude?” I asked. “David, I just don’t know what we’re going to do,” she said. “Our contract with the landlord is up for renewal at the end of the month, and he has doubled the rent. Even if we charged twice as much for the snacks and shows, we could never make ends meet.”
My heart dropped. On some level, I’d been expecting to hear this news for as long as I’d been coming to Dan’s Depot. After all, Dan’s Depot was now sandwiched between a shop selling yoga pants to people who could afford personal trainers and a luxury furniture store where even a simple dining chair cost more than S1, 000. How could this little live music bar survive with those kinds of neighbors?
“What are you going to do with this place? Are you moving?” I asked. She shook her head slowly. “I just don’t know. Dan and I are not as young as we used to be.”
I patted her on the shoulder and made my way to the tables near the stage. Memories sprung up in my mind. Most of my musical ideas came to me while I was watching live shows here at Dan’s Depot. When the song ended, I got up and went back to Maude.
“What if I run the new Dan’s Depot?” I asked her. She stared at me, surprised.
“Hear me out,” I said. “I’ve got enough money to go in with you and Dan as a third partner. I know the Texas music scene in and out, and I can get the best new bands in here every week. We’ll move it way down South Congress Avenue, where it’s still close enough to be accessible from downtown but the rent is more affordable. And most importantly, this place means a lot to me.”
Maude was still staring at me silently. I began to grow uneasy. Had I offended her? I started apologizing. She cut me off with a huge embrace. “Honey, I think that’s a fantastic idea.”
1．Why did the author say he had long expected to hear the news Maude told him?
A．He pointed out Dan’s Depot was in poor management
B．He felt the sandwiches in Dan’s Depot were too expensive.
C．He thought Dan’s Depot was out of tune with its surroundings.
D．He suggested Dan and Maude retire early and enjoy their lives.
2．What does the author advise Maude to do?
A．Sell Dan’s Depot to him. B．Hire him as a lead singer.
C．Find another way to run the business. D．Advertise for a third partner.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者心目中的綠洲D(zhuǎn)an’s Depot面臨即將倒閉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，作者建議換一種方式來經(jīng)營這個(gè)事業(yè)。文章告訴我們：每一個(gè)結(jié)束都是一個(gè)新的開始。
【詳情解析】
1．【C】推理判斷題。由第四段中的“On some level, I’d been expecting to hear this news for as long as I’d been coming to Dan’s Depot. After all, Dan’s Depot was now sandwiched between a shop selling yoga pants to people who could afford personal trainers and a luxury furniture store where even a simple dining chair cost more than S1, 000. How could this little live music bar survive with those kinds of neighbors? (從某種程度上說，自從我來到Dan’s Depot以來，我就一直期待聽到這個(gè)消息。畢竟，Dan’s Depot現(xiàn)在被夾在一家向買得起私人教練的人出售瑜伽褲的商店和一家豪華家具店之間，在那里，即使是一張簡單的餐椅也要花費(fèi)1000多美元。這家小小的現(xiàn)場音樂酒吧怎么能與這些鄰居共存？)”可知，作者說他早就希望聽到莫德告訴他的消息，是因?yàn)樽髡哒J(rèn)為Dan’s Depot與周圍環(huán)境格格不入。故選C項(xiàng)。
2．【C】推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第三段中的““What if I run the new Dan’s Depot?” I asked her. (“如果我經(jīng)營新的Dan’s Depot怎么樣？”我問她)”和倒數(shù)第二段““Hear me out,” I said. “I’ve got enough money to go in with you and Dan as a third partner. I know the Texas music scene in and out, and I can get the best new bands in here every week. We’ll move it way down South Congress Avenue, where it’s still close enough to be accessible from downtown but the rent is more affordable. And most importantly, this place means a lot to me.”(“聽我說，”我說?！拔矣凶銐虻腻X，加入你和丹作為第三個(gè)合作伙伴。我了解得克薩斯州的音樂界，每周都能請到最好的新樂隊(duì)來。我們會(huì)把它搬到南國會(huì)大道，那里離市中心很近，但租金更便宜。最重要的是，這個(gè)地方對我來說意義重大?！?”可知，作者建議莫德?lián)Q一種方式來經(jīng)營Dan’s Depot，倒數(shù)第二段講了具體的新經(jīng)營策略。故選C項(xiàng)。
Passage 7、（2022·安徽·六安市裕安區(qū)新安中學(xué)高三月考試卷）
Last Tuesday, a robotic ship called the Mayflower Autonomous Ship (MAS) took off from Plymouth, England. Its mission (使命) was to recreate the 1620 crossing of the Atlantic by the Mayflower, which brought the first European settlers to the USA．But unlike the original Mayflower, there are no people on the MAS. Everything about the ship is designed to run automatically. The ship is guided by an artificial intelligence (AI) system called "AI Captain".
The MAS is a project run by a group called ProMare along with the computer company, IBM. The ship's electric motor is powered by solar energy. The goal of the project is to test different kinds of technologies for collecting information about the sea. If these can be handled by machines, it could be a big advance in ocean research.
Because the MAS didn't have to carry humans, its designers were free to think about how to make the best ship for the job. In addition to cameras and radar to help the ship guide itself, the ship is carrying many different kinds of tools and sensors. It has special listening devices which can detect whales and dolphins. It even has a special "tongue" which can report back on the chemicals in the water.
Last Friday morning, scientists tracking the ship noticed that it was going about half as fast as it should have been going. The AI Captain was working well, but there seemed to be something slowing the motor down. Since the ship had only covered 10% of the way across the Atlantic, the team decided to bring it back to Plymouth so they could fix the problem and send it out again. They sent the MAS instructions to turn back.
When the MAS finally does put out to sea again, it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The fastest speed for the MAS is about 10 mph (16 kph). That may seem slow, but it's about 5 times faster than the original Mayflower, which took 66 days to make the journey.
What can we know from the last paragraph?
A．The robotic ship will set sail again soon.
B．The journey will be difficult and dangerous.
C．The entire journey will be about 2, 100 miles.
D．The MAS will travel farther than the original one.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了一艘名為五月花號的機(jī)器人船穿越大西洋，測試收集海洋信息的不同技術(shù)。
【詳情解析】
【A】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“When the MAS finally does put out to sea again, it is expected to take about three weeks to cross the Atlantic Ocean.（當(dāng)MAS最終再次出海時(shí)，預(yù)計(jì)需要大約三周的時(shí)間才能穿越大西洋。）”可知，MAS將很快會(huì)再次出海。故選A項(xiàng)。
Passage 8、（2022·福建省龍巖第一中學(xué)高三期末測試）
Virtual realty can improve brain activity that may be crucial for leaning, memory and even treating Alzheimer’s, a study on rats has found.
After monitoring the rats’ brain activity, researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered electrical activity in a region known as the hippocampus neurons (海馬體神經(jīng)元) differed depending on whether the rats were placed in real-world or VR environments. The new findings are significant as the hippocampus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the brain.????
When rats walk around in real life, electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to synchronize (同步發(fā)生) at a rate of eight heartbeats per second. Heartbeats at this frequency are generally known as “theta (?) waves”, with stronger ? waves seeming to improve the brain's ability to learn and keep sensory information. When placed in a VR environment, the rat’s ? waves became stronger.
“It turns out that amazing things happen when the rat is in virtual reality” said Prof Mayank Mehta from UCLA．The scientists also found that VR environments could change different electrical rhythms (節(jié)律) in different parts of the neurons, which indicates that scientists may be able to control human brain rhythms.
“This is a new technology that has great potential,” Mehta said. The study also indicates why VR may stimulate these unique brain waves. A big part of it, Mehta puts, may be down to the very different set of stimuli presented in VR.
Imagine that you’re approaching a doorway in real life. Your eyes see the door getting larger. But how do you know that you’re moving forward and the door isn’t coming to you? The answer is that your brain uses information such as the acceleration of your head through space or the shift of weight from one foot to the other－information that may not be present during a VR experience.
How does the author introduce VR’s different set of stimuli?
A．By conducting further tests on rats. B．By comparing different environments.
C．By providing a detailed analysis D．By explaining the theory of VR.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)對老鼠的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，VR(虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境)可以改善大腦活動(dòng)，這可能對學(xué)習(xí)、記憶甚至治療阿爾茨海默氏癥至關(guān)重要。
【詳情解析】
【B】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“A big part of it, Mehta puts, may be down to the very different set of stimuli presented in VR. (Mehta認(rèn)為，其中很大一部分原因可能是虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)中呈現(xiàn)的一系列截然不同的刺激)”和最后一段“Imagine that you’re approaching a doorway in real life. Your eyes see the door getting larger. But how do you know that you’re moving forward and the door isn’t coming to you? The answer is that your brain uses information such as the acceleration of your head through space or the shift of weight from one foot to the other－information that may not be present during a VR experience.(想象一下，你正在接近現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的一個(gè)門口。你的眼睛看到門越來越大。但是你怎么知道你在向前走，而那扇門不會(huì)向你走來呢?答案是，你的大腦使用的信息，比如你的頭部在空間中的加速度，或者從一只腳到另一只腳的重心轉(zhuǎn)移——這些信息在虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)體驗(yàn)中可能不存在)”可知，作者通過對比現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境與虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境所帶來的不同效果，來介紹VR所帶來的不同刺激，故選B。
Passage 9、（2022·江西·臨川一中高三診斷性測試）
Mark Baker’s appreciation for nature runs deep, but he hasn’t always championed the Amazon rainforest’s rugged beauty.
For eight years, Mr. Baker’s business sold rare tropical wood from the Amazon to customers across the United States. Exporting wood provided him with an excuse to spend a lot of time in the rainforest, taking him back to his boyhood days. Mr. Baker told himself that selective harvest was just part of managing the resource.
But gradually he began to notice on his birding outings that the forest had grown quieter. On the Manaus docks, he saw wood for export labeled with the name of a type of wood legal to export, but knew that it was another illegal type. “It took me eight years to come to the realization that the construct that you can selectively harvest and manage the forest was a bunch of nonsense,” he says. “I couldn’t do it anymore.”
Because of his own personal transformation, Mr. Baker founded an ecotourism company that takes tourists along Brazil’s Rio Negro. With the trips, he aims to foster appreciation and a sense of stewardship(管理)for the rainforest among global citizens.
The Amazon rainforest covers more than 2.3 million square miles and is the biggest carbon store in the world, according to Giordane Martins, a biologist. Forty percent of Brazil’s land lies in the Amazon, but roughly 20% of it is already deforested. Ecotourism, what Mark is doing, has a positive impact.
“Our role is to educate,” Mark says. “Many people arrive with that nature sensibility. Some acquire it on our tours. One of the goals of ecotourism is to share the economic benefits of travel. The other is to help promote conservation, to generate income and help protect the forest. We’ve seen that happen. I wish we could say we saved the rainforest. We haven’t. But we have had an impact.”
1．Which of the following can best describe Mark Baker?
A．Environmentally conscious and selfish. B．Profit-oriented and competent.
C．Socially responsible and determined. D．Smart and pessimistic.
2．What can we learn about the ecotourism from the last paragraph?
A．It has a positive impact. B．It has saved the rainforest.
C．It is profitable but meaningless. D．It provides academic education.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。介紹了靠著雨林木材做生意的Mark Baker意識到自己的行為對雨林造成了很大的破壞，從而一改態(tài)度，開始號召生態(tài)旅游，拯救雨林，并起到了一些積極作用。
【詳情解析】
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第三四句“ “It took me eight years to come to the realization that the construct that you can selectively harvest and manage the forest was a bunch of nonsense,” he says. “I couldn’t do it anymore.” (“我花了8年的時(shí)間才意識到，你可以選擇性地收割和管理森林的構(gòu)想是一派胡言。”他說。“我再也做不下去了。” )”可知，他是下定了決心的。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“With the trips, he aims to foster appreciation and a sense of stewardship(管理)for the rainforest among global citizens. (通過這些旅行，他的目標(biāo)是在全球公民中培養(yǎng)對雨林的欣賞和管理意識。)”可知，他是具有社會(huì)責(zé)任感的。故選C項(xiàng)。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“I wish we could say we saved the rainforest. We haven’t. But we have had an impact. (我希望我們可以說我們拯救了雨林。我們還沒有。但我們已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了影響。)”可知，雖然他們提倡的生態(tài)旅游還沒有完全拯救雨林，但是已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。故填A(yù)項(xiàng)。
Passage 10、（2022·河南省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三期末測試）
As is known to us all, the stories we share with one another are significant, which shows our wisdom, providing our inspiration and attaching importance to our development. But occasionally people choose not to tell.
Consider the negative effects of not sharing a story in the news: People are wondering if public health officials are holding back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola.
There is a danger in holding back stories that ought to be told. Bobette Buster said it was like this, “The fact is, history has shown us that stories not told can become like a dangerous genie (妖怪) left in a bottle. When they are finally uncorked, their power to destroy is set free.”
There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story: they often show our weaknesses or expose our disadvantages; they require courage and strength to share, and of course, there are some stories that should be kept secret — especially those that embarrass someone else.
Most of us have two selves: the one we display on the outside and the one we actually are on the inside. And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves, the more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others.
Honesty and openness is important. It proves we are trustworthy. It displays we are human. We are not perfect or better. It highlights the importance of hard work and personal development. Hard work may not allow us to overcome our disadvantages completely. But with hard work, we do not have to be restricted to our mistakes.
Does this mean we admit every weakness, every disadvantage, and every secret regret to everybody we meet? No, of course not. There is a time and a place and a certain level of relationship necessary for some stories to be told in an appropriate manner.
1．What’s the function of the example in Paragraph 2?
A．It reflects that people are concerned about the spread of Ebola.
B．It proves not sharing a story can cause trouble.
C．It concludes that one should share a story at a proper time.
D．It shows the bad effect caused by sharing a story.
2．The writer aims to convince us to _______.
A．remove the dangers that can be caused by untold stories
B．be open to people close to you by sharing some secrets
C．share stories appropriately for the good of others and ourselves
D．realize the importance of being honest when making friends
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇議論文。本文主要向我們介紹了不分享理應(yīng)被分享的消息或情況會(huì)給我們帶來的負(fù)面影響，接著剖析了我們不愿分享的原因，以及誠實(shí)和坦率的重要性，但最后一段告訴我們并非所有的東西都要去分享，而是要在合適的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)，以一種合適的方式去分享。
【詳情解析】
1．【B】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Consider the negative effects of not sharing a story in the news: People are wondering if public health officials are holding back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola. (想想在新聞中不分享情況的負(fù)面影響：人們想知道公共衛(wèi)生官員是否對最近爆發(fā)的埃博拉疫情隱瞞了太多信息)”可知，第二段中例舉了不分享埃博拉情況導(dǎo)致人們懷疑公共衛(wèi)生官員是否隱瞞疫情的例子，以此來證明段首“the negative effects of not sharing a story”不分享情況會(huì)帶來負(fù)面影響甚至麻煩的觀點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。
2．【C】推理判斷題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第五段中“And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves, the more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others.(我們越是善于隱藏那些展現(xiàn)真實(shí)自我的故事，我們對自己和他人造成的傷害就越大)”和最后一段中“There is a time and a place and a certain level of relationship necessary for some stories to be told in an appropriate manner. (有些故事需要以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞街v述，這需要時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和一定程度的關(guān)系)”可推知，作者在文中告訴我們，隱藏自我的故事是有害的，所以勸誡我們要為了他人和自己的利益適當(dāng)?shù)胤窒砉适?。故選C項(xiàng)。

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