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高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題23語法填空之(含解析)
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這是一份高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題23語法填空之(含解析),共33頁。
?專題23 語法填空之有提示詞
考查詞形的變化是高考語法填空的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。在解答語法填空中詞性變化的相關(guān)題目時(shí),一要根據(jù)空處在句中所作的成分確定詞性:名詞在句中常作主語、賓語、表語或定語等,形容詞作表語、定語,副詞作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子;二要根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞及語境確定比較級(jí);三要根據(jù)名詞前的數(shù)詞、量詞、冠詞等修飾語以及主謂一致原則來確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
年份
2022年
2021年
卷區(qū)
新高考
全國卷
新高考
全國卷
I卷
II卷
乙卷
甲卷
I卷
II卷
乙卷
甲卷
體裁
說明文
記敘文
說明文
記敘文
說明文
記敘文
說明文
記敘文
主題
中國政府計(jì)劃建立大熊貓國家公園
正在修車的Henry拯救了小男孩的故事
中國商會(huì)博物館慶祝第一個(gè)國際茶日
一名有視力障礙的北京男子徒步旅行“一路一帶”事情
介紹黃山的云海、溫泉及臺(tái)階
作者為了保護(hù)環(huán)境,減少使用塑料垃圾
介紹新興生態(tài)旅游的概念、起源及原則
介紹作者瀏覽西安長(zhǎng)城的活動(dòng)
有提示詞
謂語動(dòng)詞
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
2
非謂語動(dòng)詞
2
2
4
3
0
2
2
2
名詞
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
形容詞
0
1
1
2
3
2
2
2
副詞
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
數(shù)詞
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
代詞
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
無提示詞
介詞
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
冠詞
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
連詞
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
其他詞
1(定語從句關(guān)系代詞)
1(特殊疑問詞)
0
1(定語從句關(guān)系代詞)
1(主語從句關(guān)系代詞)
1(定語從句關(guān)系代詞)
0
0
『命題專家談高考』
【考綱解讀】
語法填空旨在通過語篇測(cè)試考生的英語語言知識(shí)與技能,將語法考查提高到語篇層次,在完整、真實(shí)、綜合的語境中多角度考查考生運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)理解篇章的能力。
語法填空考查形式分為有提示詞(7個(gè))和無提示詞(3個(gè))兩種形式。有提示詞多考查實(shí)詞(名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞)的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和基本用法,如動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、主謂一致;名詞的數(shù);形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)等。無提示詞多考查虛詞的用法,主要考查介詞、冠詞和連詞等。
【備考建議】
1.該題型以后會(huì)更加突出語篇,強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)用。因此,考生要及時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,關(guān)注語法在語篇中的交際使用情況,將學(xué)習(xí)英語的關(guān)注點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到語言的實(shí)際運(yùn)用上來。
2.同時(shí),還要加強(qiáng)語篇邏輯分析能力和精細(xì)閱讀能力的培養(yǎng),繼續(xù)重視語言運(yùn)用的準(zhǔn)確性。
3.語法和詞匯知識(shí)是綜合運(yùn)用語言能力的基礎(chǔ),要與真實(shí)的交際場(chǎng)景和語篇運(yùn)用緊密結(jié)合。
語法填空相對(duì)于全卷其他題型來說難度不高,但是得高分或滿分并不容易。因此要在二輪復(fù)習(xí)中突破難點(diǎn),在此題中不丟分或少丟分,盡量得高分甚至滿分。下面為大家總結(jié)出語法填空解題的“3步6字”法——定性→完形→順意。
第一步:定性——確定設(shè)空處的詞性
定性即根據(jù)設(shè)題的類型來決定設(shè)空處的詞性。考生牢記每種題型的詞性考查點(diǎn)及判別方式。
第二步:完形——完成詞形的轉(zhuǎn)換
完形指通過判斷所給提示詞在句中所作的成分及其詞性后,完成詞形的轉(zhuǎn)換。語法填空中最常見的提示詞為動(dòng)詞。
第三步:順意——根據(jù)語義驗(yàn)證答案
當(dāng)通過對(duì)設(shè)空的位置及詞性、成分的判斷填出答案后,還需要最后一步——順意。也就是說語篇填空雖然是考查語法,但它是通過對(duì)語篇的理解、在語境中考查語法。如果只是機(jī)械地利用語法知識(shí)來做題,是無法得到高分甚至滿分的。因此,理解設(shè)空處所在句子的意思尤為關(guān)鍵,這也是對(duì)此題的最后一個(gè)檢查過程。
詞形變化題——名詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞
微技能一 提示詞為名詞的詞形變化
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.名詞的
單復(fù)數(shù)
1.Later,they learned to work with the ________(season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas,making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
2.About a few ________ (month) ago, a photographer went to take pictures in Litang, a remote place in Sichuan province, and he accidentally shot a video of Dingzhen.
3.Many of them could hold important clues for solving some of the most pressing ________ (challenge) of medicine and even perhaps of the emerging and current pandemics we are seeing today.
若提示詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),分析句子成分后發(fā)現(xiàn)詞性不需要改變,此時(shí)應(yīng)考慮填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。若有以下情況考慮名詞復(fù)數(shù):
(1)有數(shù)詞或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等詞修飾時(shí)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
(2)名詞前有one of時(shí)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
(3)若謂語動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式,且空處作主語,則空處應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2.填名詞
的所
有格
4.A ________ (student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.
5.Meanwhile, universities managed to meet the ________ (student)study and leisure needs.
提示詞與其后的名詞是所屬關(guān)系, 應(yīng)考慮名詞的所有格。
(1)單數(shù)名詞和不以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞通常在詞尾加-’s。
(2)以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,所有格形式為-s’或-es’。
3.名詞轉(zhuǎn)
換成形
容詞
6. Provide ________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
7 Judges will choose up to ____________ (honor) mention winners,who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
提示詞為名詞,如果作定語修飾后面的名詞,則一般考查名詞變形容詞。
熟記名詞變形容詞的后綴:
(1)n.+-able→adj. honor→honorable
(2)n.+-al→adj. nature→natural
(3)n.+-ful→adj. colour→colourful
(4)n.+-en→adj. wood→wooden
(5)n.+-y→adj. wealth→wealthy
4.名詞轉(zhuǎn)
換成
動(dòng)詞
8.To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ____________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
9.Thanks to a growing network of reserves and community protection actions, pandas are no longer ________ (danger), but the biggest hope for their long-term survival is the Giant Panda National Park which will be open in the coming months.
提示詞為名詞,如果作謂語或非謂語,則一般考查名詞變動(dòng)詞。
熟記名詞變動(dòng)詞的前/后綴:
(1)en-:courage→encourage
danger→endanger
(2)-en:strength→strengthen
(3)-ize:apology→apologize
答案
1.seasons [考查名詞的數(shù)。提示詞為名詞,空處被the修飾且空格后無名詞,故空格處應(yīng)為名詞,因此考慮名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)化。根據(jù)常識(shí)和語境可知,人們開始按照季節(jié)更替來種植莊稼,故用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。]
2.months [考查名詞的數(shù)。a few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。]
3.challenges [考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:其中許多可能為解決一些最緊迫的醫(yī)學(xué)挑戰(zhàn),甚至可能是我們今天看到的新出現(xiàn)的和當(dāng)前的流行病提供重要線索。challenge為可數(shù)名詞,由some of修飾,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。]
4.student’s [考查名詞的格。此處student與后文college experience構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系,結(jié)合后文“his or her own”可知指一個(gè)學(xué)生的大學(xué)經(jīng)歷,故應(yīng)用名詞所有格形式student’s。故填student’s。]
5.students’ [考查名詞的格。句意:同時(shí),大學(xué)也設(shè)法滿足學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和休閑需求。此處是指很多學(xué)生,所以應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。表示“學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和休閑需求”應(yīng)用名詞所有格。]
6.financial [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換??崭裨诿~aid之前,應(yīng)填形容詞作定語,financial“財(cái)政的”。]
7.honorable [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:評(píng)委將選出最多50名榮譽(yù)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撸咳藢@得一件T恤衫,以紀(jì)念埃爾哈特的最后一次飛行。winners為名詞,應(yīng)該用honor的形容詞形式honorable來修飾。]
8.strengthen [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處to為不定式符號(hào),在句中作目的狀語,故填strength的動(dòng)詞形式strengthen。]
9.endangered [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:由于保護(hù)區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和社區(qū)保護(hù)行動(dòng)的不斷發(fā)展,大熊貓不再處于瀕危狀態(tài),但它們長(zhǎng)期生存的最大希望是即將在未來幾個(gè)月開放的大熊貓國家公園。分析句子可知, are后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語,endanger的形容詞為endangered,表示“瀕臨滅絕的”,符合語境。]
【名師點(diǎn)撥】 名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的6種變化形式
一般情況下,在詞尾直接加-s
book→books, mouth→mouths, house→houses, girl→girls
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加-es
glass→glasses, box→boxes, match→matches, brush→brushes
以輔音字母+-y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i再加-es
city→cities, country→countries, party→parties, factory→factories
以-o結(jié)尾的名詞常在詞尾加-s
radio→radios, zoo→zoos, piano→pianos, kilo→kilos, photo→photos加-es的有:hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes
以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,一般要變f或fe為v再加-es
self→selves, life→lives, thief→thieves, wife→wives, knife→knives, leaf→leaves, shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, half→halves
直接加-s的有:roof→roofs,belief→beliefs等
[溫馨提示] 注意一些不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù),如child→children,man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet等。
微技能二 提示詞為形容詞或副詞的詞形變化
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
1.形容詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換
1.Historical ____________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
2.After the founding of the PRC, the central government invested ____________ (enormous) in Beijing glassware.
3.In the video, Dingzhen was seen walking in front of his home and smiling ____________ (shy) towards the camera.
4.Filled with ____________(curious),the artist packed his bags and left.
分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞是形容詞且需要改變?cè)~性時(shí), 應(yīng)考慮用派生的副詞或名詞。
(1)若空格處修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,則應(yīng)考慮填副詞形式。
(2)若空格處在介詞或形容詞后,應(yīng)考慮名詞作賓語。
(3)若空格處作主語或賓語,應(yīng)考慮填名詞形式。
2.形容詞、副詞添加詞綴變反義詞
5.“Our task is to organize the Olympic Games and not to cancel the Olympic Games,”he said, adding that the IOC is working day and night to host a safe event.But it’s still ________ (clear) how this will happen, with coronavirus cases increasing around the world.
根據(jù)句意和前后邏輯關(guān)系, 確定句意表否定時(shí),添加否定前綴(un-,im-,dis-等)或否定后綴(-less)變?yōu)榉戳x詞。
3.形容詞、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)
6.After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what _________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
7.Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been encouraging the spread of Peking Opera for almost 60 years.This lifelong devotion has made him one of the ____________ (great)Peking Opera artists of all time.
8.The more steps people walked, the _________ (low) their risk of dying was, before leveling off at around 7,500 steps per day.
9.NHS figures revealed that the number of youngsters taken to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services was 4,615 per 100,000—the ____________ (high) on record.
10.The documentary compared Du to Shakespeare to help audiences ____________ (well) understand the poet’s great achievements in literature.
(1)利用標(biāo)志詞確定比較等級(jí)
①題目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等標(biāo)志性詞匯時(shí)用比較級(jí)。
②設(shè)空后有表示范圍的標(biāo)志詞in,of,among等時(shí)用最高級(jí)。
③設(shè)空前有one of the,the+序數(shù)詞等修飾詞時(shí),用最高級(jí)。
(2)利用固定句型
“the+比較級(jí)...the+比較級(jí)...”表示“越……越……”。
(3)利用隱含信息判斷
句中雖沒有標(biāo)志詞,但暗含比較級(jí)或最高級(jí),也需要用比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。
答案
1.a(chǎn)ccuracy [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境和空前的修飾詞historical可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞accuracy作主語。]
2.enormously [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:中華人民共和國成立后,中央政府對(duì)北京玻璃器皿進(jìn)行了大量投資。句中invested是動(dòng)詞過去式,由副詞修飾,所給詞enormous是形容詞,其副詞是enormously。]
3.shyly [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:在視頻中,丁真走在他家門前,對(duì)著鏡頭害羞地笑著。修飾動(dòng)詞smiling應(yīng)用副詞。]
4.curiosity [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞with后應(yīng)使用名詞作賓語。]
5.unclear [考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:但目前究竟會(huì)如何還不清楚,因?yàn)楣跔畈《静±谑澜绺鞯囟荚谠黾印8鶕?jù)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知,前后句意相反,前文講國際奧委會(huì)正在夜以繼日地工作,以舉辦一場(chǎng)安全的賽事,但是究竟會(huì)如何還不清楚。]
6.better [考查比較等級(jí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),且根據(jù)空后的than可知,空處應(yīng)用good的比較級(jí)。]
7.greatest [考查比較等級(jí)。句意:這一生的奉獻(xiàn)使他成為有史以來最偉大的京劇藝術(shù)家之一。根據(jù)設(shè)空前有one of the可斷定用形容詞最高級(jí)。]
8.lower [考查比較等級(jí)。句意:人們走的步數(shù)越多,他們的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越低,然后以每天7 500步的速度平穩(wěn)下來?!皌he+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”意為“越……,越……”,為固定句式。根據(jù)“The more”可知,此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。]
9.highest [考查比較等級(jí)。句意:NHS的數(shù)據(jù)顯示,接受兒童和青少年心理健康服務(wù)的青少年人數(shù)為每10萬人中有4 615人,這是有史以來最高的數(shù)字。根據(jù)上文定冠詞the,以及句意“最高的”可知應(yīng)填形容詞最高級(jí)highest。]
10.better [考查比較等級(jí)。由“The documentary compared Du to Shakespeare”可知,這部紀(jì)錄片將杜甫與莎士比亞作了比較,所以是為了幫助觀眾“更好地”理解,用副詞比較級(jí)better修飾動(dòng)詞understand。]
微技能三 提示詞為代詞的詞形變化
思維定向
典題試做
解題原則
根據(jù)所指對(duì)象或根據(jù)所作成分
1.Ecotourism has ____________ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
2.As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模擬) and imagine ____________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
3.She recognized ____________ (I) potential and showed me that I could write with creativity and enthusiasm.
4.Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world.Nervously facing challenges,I know I will whisper to ____________ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
5When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____________(they) alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature,the huge animal meant me no real harm.
提示詞為代詞,當(dāng)句子缺少主語、定語、賓語或表語時(shí),一般填代詞;確定填代詞之后,再看一下設(shè)空處所填代詞是否與前文提到的人或物有指代關(guān)系。
1.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作主語,應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞主格(I, we, you, he等)形式。
2.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作賓語時(shí),應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞賓格(me, us, him等)形式。
3.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作定語時(shí),應(yīng)考慮形容詞性物主代詞(our, my, your等)。
4.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語, 且和主語是同一人時(shí),應(yīng)考慮反身代詞(myself, yourself, itself等)。
答案
1.its [考查代詞??崭裨诿~之前,因此填形容詞性物主代詞its,表示“它的”起源。]
2.themselves [考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知,主語visitors發(fā)出的動(dòng)作imagine作用于自身,此處應(yīng)用反身代詞形式,故答案為themselves。]
3.my [考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處的potential是名詞,意為“潛力”,故此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞,故填my。]
4.myself [考查代詞。根據(jù)語境以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處用反身代詞作介詞to的賓語。whisper to myself “輕聲告訴自己”。]
5.them [考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處作find的賓語,alive為賓語補(bǔ)足語,故此處要用人稱代詞的賓格。]
【名師點(diǎn)撥】
1.人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞
人稱
類別
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
第一人稱
第二人稱
第三人稱
第一人稱
第二人稱
第三人稱
人稱代詞
主格
I
you
he/she/it
we
you
they
賓格
me
you
him/her/it
us
you
them
物主代詞
形容詞性
my
your
his/her/its
our
your
their
名詞性
mine
yours
his/hers/its
ours
yours
theirs
反身代詞
myself
yourself
himself/herself/
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
2.代詞的句法功能
(1)作主語:人稱代詞主格(I, we, you, he等)。
(2)作賓語/表語:人稱代詞賓格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名詞性物主代詞(ours, mine, yours, its等)。
(3)作定語:形容詞性物主代詞(our, my, your, their等)。
(4)如果賓語與主語是指同一人,用反身代詞(myself, yourself, itself等)。
(5)填it的情況:作形式主語或形式賓語;指代前面提到的同一個(gè)事物或情況。
(6)that,those作替代詞,用來代替已提到的名詞,以避免重復(fù)。
精做高考真題
1、(2022·浙江·高考真題)
To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ____1____ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ____2____ (do). John Olson, a former ____3____ (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
The tactile(可觸知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ____4____ blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大腦皮層)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their ____5____ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ____6____ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ____7____ age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ____8____ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
For Luc, this means ____9____ (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it _____10_____ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了觸覺畫是向盲人展示藝術(shù)的一種方式。
【詳情解析】
1.【be appreciated】考查含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:但是一個(gè)盲人怎么能欣賞一幅畫呢?主語a painting與謂語appreciate為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且置于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 之后,所以本句為含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 故填be appreciated。
2.【to do】考查不定式。句意:通過觸摸,這是畫廊招牌告訴你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告訴某人不要做某事”為固定短語。故填to do。
3.【photographer】考查名詞。句意:約翰·奧爾森是一位前攝影師,他和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)將繪畫轉(zhuǎn)化為全紋理3D模型。單數(shù)名詞做主語,根據(jù)句意表示“攝影師”,此處為單數(shù)概念,故填photographer。
4.【the】考查冠詞。句意:觸覺畫是向盲人展示藝術(shù)的一種方式,因?yàn)槲覀儾粌H僅用眼睛看;我們用大腦看。the blind“盲人”,the+形容詞表示一類人。故填the。
5.【existing】考查形容詞。句意:哈佛大學(xué)的科學(xué)家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)說,盲人用他們現(xiàn)有的感官識(shí)別形狀,在某種程度上與正常人相似。形容詞existing作定語,修飾sense。故填existing。
6.【sighted】考查形容詞。句意:哈佛大學(xué)的科學(xué)家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)說,盲人用他們現(xiàn)有的感官識(shí)別形狀,在某種程度上與正常人相似。形容詞sighted作定語修飾名詞people,表示“能看見的、不盲的”。故填sighted。
7.【at】考查介詞。句意:Luc Gandarias今年13歲,7歲時(shí)突然失明。表示在多大年齡時(shí),用介詞at。故填at。
8.【noticed】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)他觸摸到萊昂納多·達(dá)·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜麗莎》時(shí),他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根據(jù)“he felt”可知,本句為一般過去時(shí)。故填noticed。
9.【independence】考查名詞。句意:對(duì)盧克來說,這意味著獨(dú)立。不可數(shù)名詞independence作mean的賓語。 故填independence。
10.【and】考查連詞。句意:能夠看到它并形成我的觀點(diǎn)的感覺就像盲人推倒了另一堵墻。根據(jù)句意可知,前后為并列關(guān)系,所以用and來連接。故填and。
2、(2022·全國新高考I卷)
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___11___ (cover)an area about three times ___12___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___13___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___14___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___15___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___16___ leaving behind precious natural assets(資產(chǎn))for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___17___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___18___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___19___ an umbrella species(物種), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____20_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國政府決定建立的大熊貓國家公園(GPNP)的計(jì)劃。
【詳情解析】
11.【Covering】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:該公園占地面積約為黃石國家公園的三倍,將成為中國首批國家公園之一。分析句子可知,空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞非謂語形式作狀語,空處和邏輯主語the GPNP為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語,首字母大寫。故填Covering。
12.【the】考查冠詞。句意:該公園占地面積約為黃石國家公園的三倍,將成為中國首批國家公園之一。分析句子可知,此處考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法,即為:倍數(shù)+ the size of +比較成份,因此此處應(yīng)填定冠詞the。故填the。
13.【were】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:該計(jì)劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量以前未受保護(hù)的地區(qū),將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個(gè)管理機(jī)構(gòu),以提高效率,減少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知,空處在that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作謂語,先行詞為a significant number of areas,先行詞在從句中作主語,根據(jù)“previously (之前地)”可知從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí),根據(jù)主謂一致,從句主語復(fù)數(shù),從句謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were。
14【to increase】.考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:該計(jì)劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量以前未受保護(hù)的地區(qū),將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個(gè)管理機(jī)構(gòu),以提高效率,減少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知,空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞非謂語形式作目的狀語,故空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。故填to increase。
15.【is designed】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護(hù)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實(shí)性和完整性,保護(hù)生物多樣性,保護(hù)生態(tài)緩沖區(qū),為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導(dǎo)原則。分析句子可知,空處在句中作謂語,和句子的主語The GPNP之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系;敘述客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語單數(shù),謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故填is designed。
16.【and】考查連詞。句意:GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護(hù)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實(shí)性和完整性,保護(hù)生物多樣性,保護(hù)生態(tài)緩沖區(qū),為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導(dǎo)原則。分析句子可知,空處前后為并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)用并列連詞and。故填and。
17.【populations】考查名詞。句意:GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系,最終達(dá)到理想的野生大熊貓數(shù)量水平。分析句子可知,空處和and后的復(fù)數(shù)名詞homes并列,且在句中作賓語,應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞population ,意為“種群”,且應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填populations。
18.【eventually】考查副詞。句意:GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系,最終達(dá)到理想的野生大熊貓數(shù)量水平。分析句子可知,空處后為動(dòng)詞achieve,空處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞achieve,結(jié)合語意可知,此處意為“最終”,應(yīng)用副詞eventually。故填eventually。
19.【as】考查介詞。句意:大熊貓還扮演著保護(hù)傘的角色,為中國西南和西北地區(qū)的許多動(dòng)植物帶來保護(hù)。分析句子可知,此處考查固定短語serve as,意為“充當(dāng)”,故空處應(yīng)填介詞as。故填as。
20.【that】考查定語從句。句意:該計(jì)劃旨在為生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物種提供更有力的保護(hù),并顯著改善該地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康。分析句子可知,空處考查引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞,指代先行詞species,指物,在從句中作主語,且先行詞前有all修飾,故只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。
3、(2021·全國新高考II卷)
I've always loved the ocean. In the____21____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____22____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____23____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____24____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws (吸管).??I found the contact information of the company____25____ emailed its president. I told him how ____26____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____27____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____28____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____29____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____30_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇記敘文。文章作者講述了自己為了保護(hù)海洋,減少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
【詳情解析】
21.【seventh】考查序數(shù)詞。句意:七年級(jí)的時(shí)候,我開始在加州的蒙特利灣水族館做志愿者。 表示“七年級(jí)” 用序數(shù)詞,所以填seventh。
22.【thinking】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)我得知許多海洋動(dòng)物吃塑料垃圾,以為那是食物時(shí),我很難過。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 22 (think)it is food.用作狀語,think與其邏輯主語many sea animals之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞,所以填thinking。
23.【to educate】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:我決定做一些事情來教育人們這個(gè)問題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 23 (educate) people about this problem.用作目的狀語,用不定式,所以填to educate。
24.【which或that】考查定語從句。句意:我決定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就給它發(fā)郵件,敦促它減少使用塑料。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu), 24 used a lot of plastic是一個(gè)定語從句,修飾先行詞a company,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,指物,用which或that引導(dǎo)該從句,所以填which或that。
25.【and】考查連詞。句意:我找到了這家公司的聯(lián)系方式,并給公司總裁發(fā)了電子郵件?!癴ound”和“emailed”之間是并列關(guān)系,用and連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞,所以填and。
26.【harmful】考查形容詞。句意:我告訴他塑料對(duì)環(huán)境的危害,并請(qǐng)他考慮使用更環(huán)保的產(chǎn)品。該處為how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句,how之后接形容詞,所以填harmful。
27.【excited】考查形容詞。句意:當(dāng)他給我回信時(shí),我很興奮。該空作was之后的表語,用形容詞,修飾人,用v+ed形式的形容詞,所以填excited。
28.【was】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:我給寫信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根據(jù)定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞“wrote” 可知這里描述發(fā)生在過去的事情,用一般過去時(shí);one of + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)中,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),所以填was。
29.【representative】考查名詞。句意:一位公司代表回信告訴我,該航空公司將把每天1200個(gè)航班的塑料杯換成紙杯。該空作句子主語,用名詞,前面有不定冠詞修飾,用名詞單數(shù),所以填representative。
30.【from】考查介詞。句意:一位公司代表回信告訴我,該航空公司將把每天1200個(gè)航班從塑料杯換成紙杯。 from sth to sth從...到..., 所以填from。
4、(2021·浙江高考真題)
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___31___ (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored(修復(fù))to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ___32___ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___33___ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much ___34___ (small)than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home ___35___ (paint)white.” It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ___36___ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, ___37___ she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over ___38___ (plant)flowers in the front yard.
___39___ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____40____ (sell)most of their furniture.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國總統(tǒng)林肯在伊利諾伊州斯普林菲爾德市中心的老房子的變遷史。
【詳情解析】
31.【 has proved/ has proven】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:它不像喬治·華盛頓在波托馬克河畔的種植園那樣給人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊利諾伊州斯普林菲爾德市中心的家,自從向公眾開放以來,就被證明對(duì)游客來說是不可抗拒的。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“since it opened to the public”可知,此處指過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,故設(shè)空處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);主語Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人稱單數(shù),所以助動(dòng)詞用has,提示詞prove 的過去分詞形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
32.【for】考查介詞。句意:1844年,他們以1200美元的價(jià)格從查爾斯·德萊瑟手中買下了這座房子和一些土地,查爾斯·德萊瑟在1842年舉行了他們的婚禮。結(jié)合句意可知,此處考查固定短語buy sth. for +價(jià)格,意為“以……價(jià)格買某物”。故填for。
33.【marriage】考查名詞。句意:1844年,他們以1200美元的價(jià)格從查爾斯·德萊瑟手中買下了這座房子和一些土地,查爾斯·德萊瑟在1842年舉行了他們的婚禮。marriage ceremony意為“婚禮”,此處用名詞作定語,故填marriage。
34.【smaller】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意:這棟房子建成時(shí)比現(xiàn)在小得多。結(jié)合設(shè)空前的much和設(shè)空后的than可知,此處用形容詞比較級(jí)形式,故填smaller。
35.【was painted】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:這個(gè)小房子被粉刷成了白色。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處作謂語動(dòng)詞,The little home作主語。結(jié)合句意及常識(shí)可知,房子是“被粉刷”的,主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài);根據(jù)上文的was built可知,此處為一般過去時(shí)態(tài);一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是was/were+過去分詞;主語The little home是單數(shù)第三人稱,所以要用was,提示詞paint的過去分詞形式是painted。故填was painted。
36.【herself】考查代詞。句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的寫照,一切都很有品位,井井有條。根據(jù)句意可知,此處意為“她自己”,可知此處考查反身代詞,作賓語;提示詞she的反身代詞是herself。故填herself。
37.【neither】考查連詞。句意:雖然瑪麗喜歡花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的園丁。根據(jù)句意可知,此處考查連詞結(jié)構(gòu)“neither…nor…”,意為“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
38.【to plant】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:瑪麗的妹妹弗朗西絲·托德·華萊士經(jīng)常來前院種花。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,設(shè)空處作狀語;根據(jù)句意可知,此處是目的狀語;目的狀語用動(dòng)詞不定式表示,故填to plant。
39.【The】考查冠詞。句意:林肯夫婦在1856年把房子擴(kuò)大到了整整兩層,以滿足他們?nèi)找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的家庭的需要。根據(jù)句意可知,此處意為“林肯一家”;根據(jù)設(shè)空后的Lincolns可知,此處考查“the+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)”,表示夫婦倆,或者一家人。設(shè)空處位于句首,所以首字母要大寫。故填The。
40.【sold】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:1861年林肯當(dāng)選美國總統(tǒng)后,他們把房子租了出去,賣掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,設(shè)空處和前面的動(dòng)詞rented一起做并列謂語;根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語1861可知,此處用一般過去時(shí)態(tài),提示詞sell的過去式是sold。故填sold。
5、(2020·海南·高考真題)
These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders____41____(begin)computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop____42____(education)computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a____43____(require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most____44____(profession)
The Digital World is a set of volumes____45____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores____46____wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, ____47____discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics____48____(be)practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers____49____(encourage)to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_____50_____(we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了《數(shù)字世界》叢書的出版的背景和目的等方面信息。
【詳情解析】
41.【to begin】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:如今,10到12歲的孩子發(fā)布自己的網(wǎng)站,二年級(jí)和三年級(jí)學(xué)生開始上計(jì)算機(jī)課,這些都很常見。本題考查“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)it作形式主語,真正的主語為不定式。故填to begin。
42.【educational】考查形容詞。句意:與此同時(shí),電腦游戲越來越受歡迎,主要出版社繼續(xù)為學(xué)前兒童開發(fā)教育電腦程序。修飾名詞computer programs,前用形容詞形式。故填educational。
43.【requirement】考查名詞。句意:此外,在日益數(shù)字化的世界中,技術(shù)知識(shí)已成為大多數(shù)工作的必備條件,因?yàn)橛?jì)算機(jī)已成為大多數(shù)職業(yè)的通用工具。動(dòng)詞become后接名詞作賓語,根據(jù)前面的不定冠詞a可知,用名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填requirement。
44.【professions】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:此外,在日益數(shù)字化的世界中,技術(shù)知識(shí)已成為大多數(shù)工作的必備條件,因?yàn)橛?jì)算機(jī)已成為大多數(shù)職業(yè)的通用工具。名詞profession為可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)前面的most修飾可知用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填professions。
45.【that/which】考查定語從句。句意:《數(shù)字世界》是一套旨在描述數(shù)字系統(tǒng)如何影響社會(huì)并幫助讀者理解數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的本質(zhì)及其眾多交互部分的叢書。句中先行詞為volumes,在定語從句中作主語,所以用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。
46.【a】考查冠詞。句意:系列中的每卷探索了廣泛的材料,解釋數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的主要應(yīng)用的基本概念,并討論了他們對(duì)日常生活的影響。a range of?一套;一系列。wide是以輔音音素發(fā)音開頭,所以用不定冠詞a。故填a。
47.【and】考查連詞。句意:系列中的每卷探索了廣泛的材料,解釋數(shù)字系統(tǒng)的主要應(yīng)用的基本概念,并討論了他們對(duì)日常生活的影響。前后句為并列關(guān)系,所以用連詞and。故填and。
48.【is】考查主謂一致。句意:因?yàn)榭赡艿闹黝}的數(shù)量幾乎是無限的,所以我們關(guān)注最有趣和最有用的應(yīng)用程序和工具的一個(gè)示例,并解釋技術(shù)的基本原理。the number of?……的數(shù)目,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。根據(jù)文章中的時(shí)態(tài)可知,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is。
49.【are encouraged】考查語態(tài)。句意:我們鼓勵(lì)讀者繼續(xù)探索數(shù)字世界,并在每一卷的參考資料部分提供指導(dǎo)。主語Readers與encourage之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)文章中的時(shí)態(tài)可知,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填are encouraged。
50.【our】考查代詞。句意:我們鼓勵(lì)讀者繼續(xù)探索數(shù)字世界,并在每一卷的參考資料部分提供指導(dǎo)。修飾名詞Further Resources section,前用形容詞性物主代詞。故填our。
挑戰(zhàn)名校考題
1、(2023屆福建龍巖市一級(jí)校聯(lián)盟高三11月聯(lián)考)
A 50-minute drive northwest of downtown, Beijing, a village pops up. It____1____(house) a shadow puppetry troupe (皮影戲劇團(tuán)) and Beijing Long zaitian Shadow Puppet Theater.
Shadow puppetry is seen____2____the prequel (先行篇) to film and animation in China. Besides performances____3____ (create) by light and shadow, performers must master a____4____(vary) skill set as the plays combine painting, carving, opera and literature. But due to low revenue and a small market, young people are unwilling ____5____(learn) shadow puppetry.
____6____, this particular troupe stands out from the crowd. Average performer age is only 25. Moreover, of the 300 performers____7____has trained over the years, many are under 1.4 m in____8____(high). In 2021, the team created Winter Olympics-themed shadow pupets. The troupe also staged different plays____9____(introduce) ice and snow sports through fairy tales.
“____10____(fortunate), we have these people. They have been devoted to the inheritance of shadow puppetry for over a decade,”said Wang Xi, inheritor of Beijing Western School Shadow Puppetry.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。講述了中國民間古老的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)——皮影戲。
【詳情解析】
1.【houses】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:這里有皮影戲劇團(tuán)和北京龍?jiān)谔炱び皯騽≡?。分析句子成分可知,空格處是本句的謂語動(dòng)詞;house,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,意為“給……提供住所”;又根據(jù)前句可知,此句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填houses。
2.【as】考查介詞。句意:皮影戲在中國被視為電影和動(dòng)畫的前傳。see...as...意為“把……看作”,是固定搭配。故填as。
3.【created】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:除了由光影創(chuàng)造的表演,演員必須掌握各種技能,因?yàn)閼騽〗Y(jié)合了繪畫、雕刻、歌劇和文學(xué)。分析句子成分可知,空格處是作名詞performances的后置定語,且與動(dòng)詞create成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填created。
4.【various/varied】考查形容詞。句意:除了由光影創(chuàng)造的表演,演員必須掌握各種技能,因?yàn)閼騽〗Y(jié)合了繪畫、雕刻、歌劇和文學(xué)。分析句子可知,空格處是用來形容名詞skill;vary動(dòng)詞,意為“變化”,various/varied為形容詞,意為“各種各樣的”。故填various/varied。
5.【to learn】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:但由于皮影戲收入低,市場(chǎng)小,年輕人不愿意學(xué)習(xí)皮影戲。be unwilling to do sth.意為“不愿意做某事”,故填to learn。
6.【However】考查副詞。句意:然而,這個(gè)特殊的劇團(tuán)在人群中脫穎而出。演員的平均年齡只有25歲。根據(jù)句意可知,上文講年輕人不愿意學(xué)習(xí)皮影戲。后文講這個(gè)劇團(tuán)的平均年齡是25歲,前后句意思相反,且用副詞連接。故填However。
7.【it】考查代詞。句意:此外,在多年來訓(xùn)練的300名表演者中,許多人的身高不到1.4米。分析句子成分可知,空格處引導(dǎo)的句子是定語從句,修飾先行詞performers,空格處是定語從句的主語,指代上文中的troupe;先行詞在從句中作賓語,省略關(guān)系代詞。故填it。
8.【height】考查名詞。句意:此外,在多年來訓(xùn)練的300名表演者中,許多人的身高不到1.4米。分析句子可知,介詞后接名詞;height,名詞,意為“高度”。故填height。
9.【introducing】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:劇團(tuán)還上演了不同的戲劇,通過童話故事介紹冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)。分析句子可知,空格處是非謂語作后置定語修飾名詞plays且呈主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填introducing。
10.【Fortunately】考查副詞。句意:幸運(yùn)地是,我們有這些人。根據(jù)句意可知,空格處用副詞。故填Fortunately。
2、(2023屆重慶市第八中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期高考適應(yīng)性月考卷)
Banksy, the anonymous (匿名的) graffiti artist, first became active in Bristol, the United Kingdom, in the early 1990s. His___11___(impress) style of black-and-white stenciling (鏤花涂裝) is the consequence of having to paint quickly to avoid___12___(arrest). Legend has it that while he was hiding from the police, the idea of stenciling___13___(original) came to him when he saw a stenciled serial number on the bottom of a garbage truck. Banksy’s___14___(prefer) for paintings on walls in public places make some people view him more as a criminal___15___an artist.
Nobody knows who Banksy really is. The mystery surrounding his identity___16___(cause) the media to guess openly since his appearance. In 2016, scientists from Queen Mary University claimed ___17___(find) the identity of Banksy already. Using___18___unique method for criminal investigation, researchers believe the artist is Bristol local Robin Gunning ham. Others guess that Banksy is actually a group of graffiti artists___19___operate under the same anonymous title. Whoever Banksy really is, his art is clearly anti-authority and has an antiwar message. If the artist is unknown, we can observe the art for____20____(it) without drawing unnecessary conclusions about its meaning.
【語篇解讀】
本文為記敘文,主要講述了班克西,匿名涂鴉藝術(shù)家,20世紀(jì)90年代初首次活躍于英國布里斯托爾,至今還是一個(gè)謎。
【詳情解析】
11.【impressive】考查形容詞。句意:他那令人印象深刻的黑白蠟染風(fēng)格是為了避免被捕而不得不迅速作畫的結(jié)果。分析句子可知,此處為用形容詞impressive表示“令人印象深刻的”作定語修飾名詞style,故填impressive。
12.【being arrested】考查動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意:他那令人印象深刻的黑白蠟染風(fēng)格是為了避免被捕而不得不迅速作畫的結(jié)果。avoid doing表示“避免做某事”,且he與arrest“抓捕”之間是邏輯被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填being arrested。
13.【originally】考查副詞。句意:傳說中,當(dāng)他躲避警察時(shí),他看到垃圾車底部有一個(gè)印著鋼印的序列號(hào)時(shí),他萌生了用鋼印的想法。分析句子可知,此處用副詞作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞came,故填originally。
14.【preference】考查名詞。句意:班克西喜歡在公共場(chǎng)所的墻上作畫,這讓一些人認(rèn)為他更像是一個(gè)罪犯,而不是一個(gè)藝術(shù)家。結(jié)合句意名詞所有格Banksy’s可知,該空用名詞形式,表示“偏愛,喜歡”,故填preference。
15.【than】考查介詞。句意:班克西喜歡在公共場(chǎng)所的墻上作畫,這讓一些人認(rèn)為他更像是一個(gè)罪犯,而不是一個(gè)藝術(shù)家。固定短語more…than…表示“與其……不如……”符合句意,故填than。
16.【has caused】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:自從他出現(xiàn)以來,圍繞著他的身份的謎團(tuán)就引起了媒體的公開猜測(cè)。時(shí)間狀語為since his appearance,句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語為The mystery surrounding his identity,助動(dòng)詞用has,故填has caused。
17.【to have found】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:2016年,瑪麗女王大學(xué)的科學(xué)家聲稱已經(jīng)找到了班克西的身份。claim to do表示“聲稱做某事”,且表示“已經(jīng)找到”,故用不定式的完成式,故填to have found。
18.【a】考查冠詞。句意:研究人員使用了一種獨(dú)特的犯罪調(diào)查方法,認(rèn)為這位藝術(shù)家是布里斯托當(dāng)?shù)氐牧_賓·岡寧漢。結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示“一種”,故用不定冠詞,且unique為輔音音素開頭的單詞,故填a。
19.【who/that】考查定語從句。句意:其他人猜測(cè)班克西實(shí)際上是一群涂鴉藝術(shù)家,他們以同樣的匿名頭銜進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作。分析句子可知,此處引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞為 a group of graffiti artists,在從句中作主語,用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)從句,故填who/that。
20.【itself】考查反身代詞。句意:如果藝術(shù)家是未知的,我們可以觀察藝術(shù)本身,而不必對(duì)其含義得出不必要的結(jié)論。結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示“藝術(shù)本身”,故用反身代詞,故填itself。
3、(2023屆河北省衡水市部分學(xué)校高三上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考)
High schools and universities in China are now working together to offer advanced-placement courses to prepare high school students for college life.
Chinese Advanced Placement (CAP) is a project ____21____(launch) by the Ministry of Education, 19 universities and about 30 high schools, enabling students to study college courses in a range of subjects in high school. After the courses and exams ____22____(complete), credits from the courses can be taken into college.
At the beginning of every semester, the school ____23____(present) the courses the students can choose ____24____. Every Tuesday afternoon students go to different classrooms for the 45-minute CAP class. This course is very ____25____(benefit) because it creates chances for everyone to participate in various ____26____(activity).
In the course, English is not only a subject ____27____ a tool for them to observe the world and study the latest global trends. The students will research on AI and its future development carefully, and write papers in English, ____28____ in tum is good for their English study.
Many students take the class for the experience instead of the credits. Yan Muwei, ____29____ senior 2 student of the school, chose mathematical modeling. “For me, innovative teaching styles ____30____(involve) videos and experiments stood out the most,” she said.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了中國大學(xué)預(yù)修課程(CAP)是由教育部、19所大學(xué)和大約30所高中發(fā)起的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,使學(xué)生能夠在高中學(xué)習(xí)一系列學(xué)科的大學(xué)課程,為高中生的大學(xué)生活做準(zhǔn)備。
【詳情解析】
21.【launched】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:中國高等教育預(yù)修課程是由教育部、19所大學(xué)和大約30所高中聯(lián)合開展的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,使學(xué)生能夠在高中學(xué)習(xí)一系列學(xué)科的大學(xué)課程。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)該用非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語,project和動(dòng)詞launch之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞作定語,修飾名詞project。故填launched。
22.【are completed】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:完成課程和考試后,課程學(xué)分可以進(jìn)入大學(xué)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,從句中缺少謂語,而從句主語the courses and exams與complete之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,判斷用被動(dòng)語態(tài);句子描述一般事實(shí),所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),主語為復(fù)數(shù)。故填are completed。
23.【presents】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在每學(xué)期開始時(shí),學(xué)校會(huì)提供給學(xué)生可以選擇的課程。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處為句子的謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)every semester可知,句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語school和動(dòng)詞present之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填presents。
24.【from】考查介詞。句意:在每學(xué)期開始時(shí),學(xué)校會(huì)提供學(xué)生可以選擇的課程。根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容可知,學(xué)校會(huì)呈現(xiàn)一些學(xué)生可以從中挑選的課程。choose from是固定搭配,意為“從……中挑選”。故填from。
25.【beneficial】考查形容詞。句意:這門課程非常有益,因?yàn)樗鼮槊總€(gè)人創(chuàng)造了參加各種活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)。系動(dòng)詞is后應(yīng)該接形容詞作表語。故填beneficial。
26.【activities】考查可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意:這門課程非常有益,因?yàn)樗鼮槊總€(gè)人創(chuàng)造了參加各種活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)。形容詞various意為“各種各樣的”,后應(yīng)該接名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填activities。
27.【but】考查固定搭配。句意:在課程中,英語不僅是一門學(xué)科,也是他們觀察世界和研究最新全球趨勢(shì)的工具。not only... but(also)“不但……而且……”,為固定搭配。故填but。
28.【which】考查定語從句。句意:學(xué)生們將仔細(xì)研究人工智能及其未來發(fā)展,并用英語撰寫論文,這對(duì)他們的英語學(xué)習(xí)很有好處。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,從句缺少主語,指代前面的句子,所以用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。
29.【a】考查冠詞。句意:該校高二學(xué)生嚴(yán)慕偉選擇了數(shù)學(xué)建模。此處是名詞短語作同位語,表示泛指且senior的發(fā)音是以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
30.【involving】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:“對(duì)我來說,涉及視頻和實(shí)驗(yàn)的創(chuàng)新教學(xué)風(fēng)格最為突出,”她說。根據(jù)本句的謂語是stood out可知,involve應(yīng)該用非謂語作定語,styles和動(dòng)詞involve之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填involving。
4、(202/3屆湖南省長(zhǎng)沙一中等名校聯(lián)合體高三11月聯(lián)考)
There’s just a l-in-3.700,000 chance that a person will be killed by ____31____ shark, but the fear is still enough to have swimmers worrying about ____32____ (be) seen as prey (捕獲物). Now, new research supports the long-standing theory, ____33____ explains that it’s a case of “mistaken identity” when great whites go in for a bite.
A team of biologists ____34____ (compare) videos of seals swimming with those of humans swimming. They then edited the clips to simulate a great white’s vision and found that from the ocean inhabitant’s point ____35____ view, humans do indeed have a strong resemblance to seals.
“Usually, great white sharks ____36____ (regard) as ‘mindless killers’ and ‘fond of human flesh’. However, this does not seem to be the case; we just look like ____37____ (they) food,” Laura Ryan, lead author of the study, told Live Science.
“They eat seals every day and bites on people are ____38____ (extreme) rare,” said Catherine MacDonald. a marine scientist at the University of Miami. “So if they’re not solving the problem visually, then how do we think they’re solving it? ____39____ (hit) the right targets, sharks could be relying on other senses, like the scent. If that’s the case, ____40____ (addition) studies on how great whites use those senses could help prevent further attacks.”
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文,主要講的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鯊魚吃人是因?yàn)樗鼈儼讶苏`以為是海豹。
【詳情解析】
31.【a】考查冠詞。句意:一個(gè)人被鯊魚殺死的幾率只有370萬分之一,但這種恐懼仍然足以讓游泳者擔(dān)心被視為獵物。shark是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式,表泛指,前面要加不定冠詞,shark是輔音音素開頭,故填a。
32.【being】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:一個(gè)人被鯊魚殺死的幾率只有370萬分之一,但這種恐懼仍然足以讓游泳者擔(dān)心被視為獵物。about是介詞,其后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語,故填being。
33.【which】考查定語從句。句意:現(xiàn)在,新的研究支持了這個(gè)由來已久的理論,該理論解釋說,大白鯊咬人是“認(rèn)錯(cuò)人”的結(jié)果??崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句,從句中缺少主語,先行詞theory是物,空格處用關(guān)系代詞which,故填which。
34.【compared】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:一組生物學(xué)家比較了海豹和人類游泳的視頻??崭裉幨侵^語,句子描述過去的事情,時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),空格處用過去式,故填compared。
35.【of】考查固定短語。句意:然后,他們對(duì)這些片段進(jìn)行編輯,模擬大白鯊的視覺,發(fā)現(xiàn)從海洋生物的角度來看,人類確實(shí)與海豹非常相似。point of view是固定短語,意為“觀點(diǎn),角度”,故填of。
36.【are regarded】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:通常,大白鯊被視為‘愚蠢的殺手’和‘喜歡人肉’。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示“大白鯊被視為‘愚蠢的殺手’和‘喜歡人肉’”,句子用被動(dòng)語態(tài),句子描述的是客觀事實(shí),時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因此空格處是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語sharks是復(fù)數(shù),故填are regarded。
37.【their】考查物主代詞。句意:我們只是看起來像它們的食物。根據(jù)語境可知,句子表示“我們只是看起來像他們的食物”,空格處意為“它們的”,用形容詞性物主代詞their修飾名詞food,故填their。
38.【extremely】考查副詞。句意:它們每天吃海豹,咬人的情況極為罕見。空格處用副詞extremely修飾形容詞rare,故填extremely。
39.【To hit】考查不定式。句意:為了擊中正確的目標(biāo),鯊魚可以依靠其他感官,比如氣味。根據(jù)語境可知,空格處用不定式表目的,位于句首的單詞首字母要大寫,故填To hit。
40.【additional】考查形容詞。句意:如果是這樣的話,關(guān)于大白鯊如何使用這些感官的進(jìn)一步研究可能有助于防止進(jìn)一步的攻擊??崭裉幱眯稳菰~additional作定語,修飾名詞studies,additional意為“額外的”,故填additional。
5、(2023屆湖北省武漢市部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考)
Two giant pandas “Sihai” and “Jingjing” left the Ya’an Bi Feng Xia Base of China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP) in Sichuan Province on Oct. 18, 2022, _____41_____ (start) their journey to Qatar.
To ensure that _____42_____ two pandas start their new lives smoothly, both sides have made full _____43_____ (prepare). The two pandas have been in good condition _____44_____ the CCRCGP put them into quarantine (隔離) a month ago.
The Chinese team has also sent several expert groups to Qatar for on-site guidance and assessment of the venues, _____45_____ will assist the country in setting up a _____46_____ (profession) giant panda breeding and management team, and ensure supplies of bamboo.
To help the giant pandas adapt to their new environment _____47_____ (easy), the research center has also sent experienced breeders and experts to Qatar.
In May 2020, China and Qatar signed a cooperation agreement _____48_____ (concern) giant panda protection and research to _____49_____ (far) promote international cooperation in the field and to boost the protection of endangered species and biodiversity in the two countries. It is the first time that China _____50_____(cooperate) with a Middle Eastern country in this capacity.
【語篇解讀】
本文是篇說明文。中國向中東國家卡塔爾贈(zèng)送了兩只大熊貓,并提供了相應(yīng)的技術(shù)和人員支持,確保大熊貓能夠順利適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境。2020年5月,中國和卡塔爾就大熊貓保護(hù)和研究事宜簽訂了合作協(xié)議,以推動(dòng)在這一領(lǐng)域中的國際合作,開啟了中國與中東國家在這一方面的第一次合作。
【詳情解析】
41.【starting】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:2022年10月18日,兩只大熊貓“四海”和“晶晶”離開位于四川的中國大熊貓保護(hù)研究中心雅安碧鳳霞基地,開始了前往卡塔爾的旅程。根據(jù)句中謂語動(dòng)詞“l(fā)eft”可知,此處應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞;“start”與“two giant pandas”之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,作伴隨狀語,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填starting。
42.【the】考查冠詞。句意:為了確保這兩只熊貓順利開始新生活。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)用冠詞,特指前文提到過的那兩只大熊貓。故填the。
43.【preparations】考查名詞。句意:雙方都做了充分的準(zhǔn)備工作。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞,作“made”的賓語;固定短語make preparations 意為:做準(zhǔn)備工作。故填preparations。
44.【since】考查連詞。句意:自從一個(gè)月前CCRCGP將它們隔離,這兩只熊貓目前狀況良好。分析句子并結(jié)合句意可知,此處應(yīng)為連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句;根據(jù)主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、從句用一般過去時(shí)可判斷應(yīng)填連詞since 意為:自從。故填since。
45.【which】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意:中方還向卡塔爾派出了多個(gè)專家組,對(duì)場(chǎng)館進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指導(dǎo)和評(píng)估,并將幫助卡塔爾建立大熊貓繁育專業(yè)管理團(tuán)隊(duì),確保竹子的供應(yīng)。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)為非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系詞,先行詞為“expert groups”,在從句中作主語,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。
46.【professional】考查形容詞。句意:中方還向卡塔爾派出了多個(gè)專家組,對(duì)場(chǎng)館進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)指導(dǎo)和評(píng)估,并將幫助卡塔爾建立大熊貓繁育專業(yè)管理團(tuán)隊(duì),確保竹子的供應(yīng)。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)為形容詞,作定語修飾名詞短語“ giant panda breeding and management team”。故填professional。
47.【easily】考查副詞。句意:為了幫助大熊貓輕松適應(yīng)環(huán)境。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)為副詞,修飾動(dòng)詞短語“adapt to”,作狀語。故填easily。
48.【concerning】考查介詞。句意:2020年5月,中國和卡塔爾簽署了一份關(guān)于大熊貓保護(hù)和研究的合作協(xié)議,以進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)該領(lǐng)域的國際合作,推動(dòng)對(duì)兩國瀕危物種和生物多樣性的保護(hù)。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)為介詞;concerning為介詞,意為:關(guān)于。故填concerning。
49.【further】考查副詞。句意:2020年5月,中國和卡塔爾簽署了一份關(guān)于大熊貓保護(hù)和研究的合作協(xié)議,以進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)該領(lǐng)域的國際合作,推動(dòng)對(duì)兩國瀕危物種和生物多樣性的保護(hù)。分析句子可知,此處應(yīng)為副詞,作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞“promote”;根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)用比較級(jí)further,表示“進(jìn)一步”。故填further。
50.【has cooperated】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:這是中國第一次與中東國家在這方面進(jìn)行合作。分析句子可知,此處為謂語動(dòng)詞;句式It is/was the first time that…中,that引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般用完成時(shí);根據(jù)主句謂語“is”可知,從句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),且主語為China。故填has cooperated。
6、(2023屆江蘇省淮安市高中校協(xié)作體高三上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考)
Like many other students, you may have various people, including family members and friends, ____51____ (give) input on your college decision.
While many of your trusted relatives and peers (同齡人)may have very____52____(value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone. Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and____53____(satisfy), so keep that at the front of your mind.
Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be easy____54____(let) a particular school become a front-runner early on____55____your decision-making process, and it may even become the winning choice — but be sure to carefully evaluate every school____56____has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.
Do keep____57____open mind. Students can change majors, but remember that there’s no re-living a certain semester(學(xué)期), and there’s no making up for lost time. Don’t go to a school____58____(specific)for a high school relationship____59____to make someone else happy. A_____60_____(student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要是關(guān)于學(xué)生該如何選擇自己要上的學(xué)校的建議,說明了雖然親戚和同事可能有非常有價(jià)值的建議,但還是要自己做決定,充分考慮每一種選擇, 保持開放的心態(tài), 把自己的教育放在首位。
【詳情解析】
51.【giving】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:像許多其他學(xué)生一樣,你可能有各種各樣的人,包括家人和朋友會(huì)對(duì)你的大學(xué)決定提供意見。本句的謂語動(dòng)詞是may have,這里的give是非謂語,give的邏輯主語是various people,give與邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填giving。
52.【valuable】考查形容詞。句意:雖然你信任的許多親戚和同齡人可能有非常有價(jià)值的建議,可以幫助你做決定,但最終選擇權(quán)在你,只有你。根據(jù)后面的名詞advice可知,橫線上需填一個(gè)形容詞,value的形容詞形式為valuable。故填valuable。
53.【satisfied】考查形容詞。句意:只有你才能完全意識(shí)到大學(xué)的哪些方面會(huì)讓你真正快樂和滿足,所以要把這一點(diǎn)放在你的腦子里。根據(jù)前面的happy可知,and并列了橫線上需要一個(gè)形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,且這里是形容人的感受。故填satisfied。
54.【to let】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:在你做決定的早期階段,把一所特定的學(xué)校作為首選是很容易的,它甚至可能成為你的最佳選擇——但一定要仔細(xì)評(píng)估每一所錄取你的學(xué)校,因?yàn)槟闵暾?qǐng)每一所學(xué)校都有特定的理由。此處為“it be adj. to do sth.”句型,it作形式主語,不定式為真正主語。橫線上是動(dòng)詞不定式為真正的主語。故填to let。
55.【during/in】考查介詞。句意:在你做決定的過程中,讓一個(gè)特定的學(xué)校在早期就成為一個(gè)領(lǐng)先者是很容易的,它甚至可能成為獲勝的選擇,但一定要仔細(xì)評(píng)估每一個(gè)已經(jīng)錄取了你的學(xué)校,因?yàn)槟闵暾?qǐng)每個(gè)學(xué)校都有特殊的原因。根據(jù)后面的process可知,這里說的是在這個(gè)過程中。故用介詞during/in。
56.【that】考查定語從句。句意:在你做決定的過程中,讓一個(gè)特定的學(xué)校在早期就成為一個(gè)領(lǐng)先者是很容易的,它甚至可能成為獲勝的選擇,但一定要仔細(xì)評(píng)估每一個(gè)已經(jīng)錄取了你的學(xué)校,因?yàn)槟闵暾?qǐng)每個(gè)學(xué)校都有特殊的原因。這里是定語從句,先行詞是every school,指物,從句中缺少主語,且先行詞被不定代詞所修飾,只能用that不用which。故填that。
57.【an】考查冠詞。句意:一定要保持開放的心態(tài)。學(xué)生可以換專業(yè),但請(qǐng)記住,你無法重新度過某個(gè)學(xué)期,也無法彌補(bǔ)失去的時(shí)間。這里的是修飾mind,mind是一個(gè)抽象名詞,在這里是抽象名詞具象化,表示泛指,且open是元音音素開頭。故填an。
58.【specifically】考查副詞。句意:不要去一所專門為了高中戀情或讓別的任何人快樂的學(xué)校。這里是副詞修飾go to school這個(gè)短語,specific的副詞形式為specifically。故填specifically。
59.【or】考查并列連詞。句意:不要專門為了一段高中戀情或者讓別人開心而去一所學(xué)校上學(xué)。這里的“for a high school relationship”和“to make someone else happy”是選擇關(guān)系否定句中,表示“或者”應(yīng)用連詞or。故填or。
60.【student’s】考查名詞所有格。句意:一個(gè)學(xué)生的大學(xué)經(jīng)歷是他或她自己的,學(xué)生必須把教育放在第一位。根據(jù)后面的college experience可知,橫線上是說學(xué)生的經(jīng)歷。故填student’s。
7、(2023屆湖北省荊荊宜三校高三11月份月考試題)
Shennongjia is one of the most popular scenic spots in China. It is said to be the place___61___the Emperor Yan once lived. Some visitors hope that they may even encounter the legendary “wild man”. They do not actually see any wild man,___62___they’re attracted by Shennongjia’s natural wonders and rich biodiversity. Shennongjia’s beauty___63___ (vary) from season to season. Tourists can enjoy flower blossoms in spring, be shaded___64___the summer heat, appreciate red leaves in autumn and go skiing in winter.
Official data showed that tourist___65___(visit) to Shennongjia Forestry District reached more than 15.5 million last year. And the forest area aims___66___(increase) that annual figure to over 30 million in the near future. The journey to Shennongjia will take up to five hours from nearby Yichang and Shiyan City.It___67___(estimate) that Shennongjia will be linked to a___68___(new) built high-speed railway, making the mountainous region more accessible.
From Nov.1 to Dec.31, tourists can buy a___69___(discount) ticket of the six major scenic areas in Shennongjia for 99 yuan, about 40 percent of____70____original price.
【語篇解讀】
本文為一篇說明文。介紹了神農(nóng)架的地理環(huán)境和旅游業(yè)。
【詳情解析】
61.【where】考查定語從句。句意:據(jù)說是炎帝曾經(jīng)住過的地方。此處引導(dǎo)為定語從句,先行詞為place,在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,故應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句,故填where。
62.【but】考查連詞。句意:他們實(shí)際上并沒有看到任何野人,但是他們被神農(nóng)架的自然奇觀和豐富的生物多樣性所吸引。結(jié)合句意可知,空白前后的句子表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用but連接,故填but。
63.【varies】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:神農(nóng)架的美景隨季節(jié)變化而變化。主語Shennongjia’s beauty不可數(shù),且此處陳述客觀事實(shí),故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填 varies。
64.【from/agianst】考查介詞。句意:游客可以春天欣賞花開,夏天避暑,秋天欣賞紅葉,冬天滑雪。此處為be shaded from/against…,“免受······的照射”結(jié)構(gòu),故填from/agianst。
65.【visits】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示,去年神農(nóng)架林區(qū)游客參觀次數(shù)達(dá)到了1550萬。分析可知,tourist_(visit) to Shennongjia Forestry District 為句子主語,結(jié)合后文“more than 15.5 million”,所以此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填 visits。
66.【to increase】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:而森林面積的目標(biāo)是在不久的將來把這個(gè)年度數(shù)字提高到3000萬以上。此處為aim to do“力求走某事”,為動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語,故填 to increase。
67.【is estimated】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:據(jù)估計(jì),神農(nóng)架將與一條新建的高速鐵路相連接,這將使山區(qū)變得更加便利。此處作謂語動(dòng)詞,主語為it,為單數(shù),與estimate之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且此處陳述事實(shí),故引用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)。也可看作固定句型it is estimated that...“據(jù)估計(jì)”。故填 is estimated。
68.【newly】考查副詞。句意同上。此處修飾動(dòng)過去分詞built,應(yīng)用副詞修飾,newly built意為“新修建的,故填newly。
69.【discounted】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:從11月1日至12月31日,游客可以花99元買一張打折票,是原價(jià)的四折,這張票可以游覽神農(nóng)架里6個(gè)主要景觀。此處作定語,修飾ticket,ticket與discount之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用過去分詞,故填discounted。
70.【the】考查冠詞。句意同上。此處指價(jià)格是原票價(jià)的40%,故應(yīng)用定冠詞the表示特指,故填the。
8、(2023屆遼寧省縣級(jí)重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)合體高三上學(xué)期期中聯(lián)考試題)
All over the world there are people who have achieved great things. Yet many of these people have done so with one amazing difference: They have physical disabilities. Take Jim Abbott for example, Jim succeeded ____71____ becoming a pitcher (投球手) for the USA 1988 Summer Olympics Team.
Jim Abbott was born without his right hand. He was a ____72____ (talent) athlete and wanted to be a baseball pitcher, even though being able to use two hands ____73____ (be) extremely important in playing baseball. A pitcher needs to throw the ball with one hand and wear a baseball glove on the other—something ____74____ Jim couldn’t do.
From the time he was four years old, Jim worked at ____75____ (overcome) this challenge. He practiced ____76____(rapid) moving the glove to his good hand after he had pitched the ball to his father. He was always forcing ____77____ (he) to get that glove faster and faster.
Jim Abbott made up his mind ____78____ (play). He loved the game ____79____ much that he invented his won method to help him do it with excellence. He went on to be a Major League pitcher for the New York Yankees, and today is an ____80____ (inspire) to young athletes everywhere.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹的是美國棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員Jim Abbott的相關(guān)信息。
【詳情解析】
71.【in】考查介詞。句意:以Jim Abbott為例,Jim成功地成為了1988年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)美國隊(duì)的投手。succeed in是固定短語,意為“成功做某事”,因此空格處是介詞in,故填in。
72.【talented】考查形容詞。句意:他是一個(gè)有天賦的運(yùn)動(dòng)員,想成為一名棒球投手,盡管能夠使用兩只手在打棒球中是非常重要的??崭裉幱眯稳菰~talented作定語,修飾名詞athlete,talented意為“有天賦的”,故填talented。
73.【is】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:他是一個(gè)有天賦的運(yùn)動(dòng)員,想成為一名棒球投手,盡管能夠使用兩只手在打棒球中是非常重要的。even though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中主語是動(dòng)名詞短語being able to use two hands,其后謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),句子描述客觀事實(shí),時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因此空格處是is,故填is。
74.【that】考查定語從句。句意:投手需要用一只手投球,另一只手戴上棒球手套——這是Jim做不到的。“Jim couldn’t do”是定語從句,從句中缺少賓語,先行詞something是不定代詞,關(guān)系代詞只用that,故填that。
75.【overcoming】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:從四歲起,Jim就努力克服這一挑戰(zhàn)。at是介詞,其后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,故填overcoming。
76.【rapidly】考查副詞。句意:當(dāng)他把球投給父親后,他練習(xí)迅速地把手套移到他那只完好的手上??崭裉幱酶痹~rapidly修飾動(dòng)詞practiced,故填rapidly。
77.【himself】考查反身代詞。句意:他總是強(qiáng)迫自己越拿越快。主語和賓語一致時(shí),賓語要用反身代詞,因此空格處是反身代詞himself。故填himself。
78.【to play】考查固定短語。句意:Jim Abbott決定參加比賽。make up one’s mind to do是固定短語,意為“下定決心做某事”,故填to play。
79.【so】考查固定搭配。句意:他如此熱愛這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng),以至于他發(fā)明了自己的獲勝方法來幫助自己取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)。根據(jù)語境可知,句子表示“他如此熱愛這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng),以至于他發(fā)明了自己的獲勝方法來幫助自己取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)”,so...that...是固定搭配,意為“如此……以至于……”,因此空格處是so,修飾副詞much。故填so。
80.【inspiration】考查名詞。句意:后來,他成為紐約揚(yáng)基隊(duì)的大聯(lián)盟投手,如今,他激勵(lì)著世界各地的年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員。an后跟名詞的單數(shù)形式,inspire的名詞是inspiration,意為“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”,故填inspiration。
9、(2023屆吉林省長(zhǎng)春市高三上學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))
Queen Elizabeth II was farewelled at an hour-long state funeral in London’s Westminster Abbey, with her body later moved to her final ____81____(rest) place.
About 2,000 people attended the funeral, most notably the Queen’s children: King Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward. Her grandchildren, ____82____(include) Prince William, Prince Harry, Princess Beatrice and Princes Eugenie, were in attendance. Kate and William’s ____83____(young) child of three, Prince Louis, stayed home.
As well as foreign royals and state ____84____(official), a number of famous faces attended the service. Besides, Peep Show actor Sophie Winkleman also attended, because she is royal by ____85____(marry); her husband is Lord Frederick Windsor, ____86____ only son of the Queen’s cousin.
The service ____87____(conduct) by the Dean of Westminster while new British Prime Minister and the Secretary-General of the Commonwealth both read lessons.
On the top of the coffin (棺材) was a wreath of flowers ____88____(choose) by King Charles ____89____ honor of his mother; one of the flowers was myrtle (香桃木), _____90_____ was used in the Queen’s 1953 wedding bouquet. A card from Charles read: “In loving and devoted memory.”
Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ will be buried alongside her late husband, Prince Philip.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了已故英國女王伊麗莎白二世的葬禮是如何安排的,提及了一些參與人員和女王最終的長(zhǎng)眠之地。
【詳情解析】
81.【resting】考查形容詞。句意:英國女王伊麗莎白二世在倫敦威斯敏斯特教堂舉行了長(zhǎng)達(dá)一小時(shí)的國葬,隨后她的遺體被移至長(zhǎng)眠之處。分析句子成分可知,用形容詞形式修飾名詞place。故填resting。
82.【including】考查介詞。句意:她的孫輩,包括威廉王子、哈里王子、比阿特麗斯公主和尤金妮王子都出席了婚禮。根據(jù)句意可知,她的孫輩包括威廉王子、哈里王子等等,所以用介詞including,表示“包括”。故填including。
83.【youngest】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意:凱特和威廉三個(gè)孩子中最小的——路易斯王子待在家里。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,路易斯是兩人最小的孩子,所以填形容詞最高級(jí)形式。故填youngest。
84.【officials】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:除了外國王室成員和國家官員,一些名人也參加了葬禮。根據(jù)上文的“foreign royals”可知,空處為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填officials。
85.【marriage】考查名詞。句意:此外,《Peep Show》演員索菲·溫克曼也出席了,因?yàn)樗腔适页蓡T;她的丈夫是弗雷德里克·溫莎勛爵,女王堂弟的獨(dú)子。根據(jù)空前的by可知,空后為名詞,意為“通過婚姻”。故填marriage。
86.【the】考查冠詞。句意:此外,《Peep Show》演員索菲·溫克曼也出席了,因?yàn)樗腔适页蓡T;她的丈夫是弗雷德里克·溫莎勛爵,女王堂弟的獨(dú)子。修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),特指,用定冠詞the。故填the。
87.【was conducted】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:儀式由威斯敏斯特教務(wù)長(zhǎng)主持,新任英國首相和英聯(lián)邦秘書長(zhǎng)都宣讀了儀式內(nèi)容。分析句子成分可知,空處為本句謂語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)上下文可知,時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí);主語為the service,單數(shù),和動(dòng)詞conduct之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填was conducted。
88.【chosen】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:在棺材的頂部是一個(gè)花環(huán),由國王查爾斯為紀(jì)念他的母親選擇;其中一種花是香桃木,1953年女王的婚禮花束中就用到了這種花。查爾斯寄來的一張卡片上寫著:“致以摯愛的懷念?!边@里為非謂語動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)后置定語,和被修飾詞a wreath of flowers之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。故填chosen。
89.【in】考查介詞。句意:在棺材的頂部是一個(gè)花環(huán),由國王查爾斯為紀(jì)念他的母親選擇;其中一種花是香桃木,1953年女王的婚禮花束中就用到了這種花。查爾斯寄來的一張卡片上寫著:“致以摯愛的懷念。”固定短語:in honor of,意為“為紀(jì)念……”。故填in。
90.【which】考查定語從句。句意:在棺材的頂部是一個(gè)花環(huán),由國王查爾斯為紀(jì)念他的母親選擇;其中一種花是香桃木,1953年女王的婚禮花束中就用到了這種花。查爾斯寄來的一張卡片上寫著:“致以摯愛的懷念?!边@里為定語從句的關(guān)系詞,先行詞為myrtle,在非限制性定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語,用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。
10、(2023屆湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟高三11月份聯(lián)考)
In central China, there is a mysterious forests region. According to Chinese mythology (神話), Shennong, one of the ancestors of the Chinese nation, also known as Yandi, once tested a variety of herbs himself ____91____ (find) the right one that would save the sick. Another widely circulated tale around the place is that wild men were once spotted.
Legend has it ____92____ during Shennong’s journey, he came across a steep mountain covered with dense forests. He built a wooden ladder, and climbed up the mountain, ____93____ (discover) 400 kinds of medicinal herbs. In memory of his contribution to the health of society, the mountain was named Shennongjia, which____94____ (literal) means “Shennong ladder.”
Shennongjia ____95____ (locate) in the northwestern part of Hubei Province, bordering the Yangtze River in the south and facing the Wudang Mountains in the north. It is a place ____96____ the Daba Mountain Range and the Qinling Mountains meet. It spans ____97____ area of around 3,250 square kilometers, with the highest peak, the Shennong Peak, reaching 3,106.2 meters in height, and the lowest point, the Shizhu River Valley, only 398 meters ____98____ sea level.
One of the first things many people learn about Shennongjia ____99____ (be) the tale of the wild man, but after visiting the area, they find that the pristine (原始狀態(tài)的) natural landscape and biological_____100_____ (diverse) in that area add more mysteries to this region.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。文章講述神農(nóng)架的歷史傳說和人文地理。
【詳情解析】
91.【to find】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:在中國神話中,炎帝的祖先之一神農(nóng)曾親自試驗(yàn)過各種草藥,以找到一種能治病救人的草藥。不定式表目的狀語,神農(nóng)嘗百草為了找到可以治病的適合的草藥,故填to find。
92.【that】考查固定句型。句意:傳說在神農(nóng)的旅途中,他遇到了一座覆蓋著茂密森林的陡峭的山。have it that…是一個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“稱……屬實(shí)”,符合句意,故填that。
93.【discovering】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:他造了一個(gè)木梯,爬上了山,發(fā)現(xiàn)了400種草藥。動(dòng)詞discover和謂語動(dòng)詞built & climbed之間沒有連詞,所以應(yīng)用非謂語形式,和前文形成邏輯上的因果關(guān)系,故現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語。故填discovering。
94.【literally】考查副詞。句意:為了紀(jì)念他對(duì)社會(huì)健康的貢獻(xiàn),這座山被命名為神農(nóng)架,字面意思是“神農(nóng)的梯子”。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用副詞literally修飾動(dòng)詞means。故填literally。
95.【is located】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:神農(nóng)架位于湖北省西北部,南臨長(zhǎng)江,北臨武當(dāng)山。句子缺少謂語動(dòng)詞,因?yàn)槊枋錾褶r(nóng)架的地理位置,故而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語和謂語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填is located。
96.【where】考查定語從句。句意:這里是大巴山和秦嶺的交匯處。先行詞為place, 因后續(xù)的從句里面不缺少名詞性成分,故而用關(guān)系副詞where做地點(diǎn)狀語。故填where。
97.【an】考查冠詞。句意:它占地面積約3250平方公里,最高峰神農(nóng)峰高3106.2米,最低點(diǎn)石柱河谷海拔僅398米。設(shè)空處修飾名詞area,表泛指,應(yīng)用不定冠詞修飾,area以元音音素開頭,故填an。
98.【above】考查介詞。句意:同上。根據(jù)上下文推出此處談?wù)摰氖呛0尉嚯x,應(yīng)用介詞above,意為“在/向……上面,超過”,符合句意,故填above。
99.【is】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:許多人了解神農(nóng)架的第一件事是野人的故事,但在參觀之后,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)原始的自然景觀和生物多樣性為這個(gè)地區(qū)增添了更多的神秘。主語為“one of the first things”結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)語義推出one做主語中心語,用第三人稱單數(shù)。根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致原則,選用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is。
100.【diversity】考查名詞。句意:同上。設(shè)空處同“the pristine natural landscape”并列作賓語從句的主語,故而需要名詞形式。此處表示生物多樣性之意,diversity在此處是不可數(shù)名詞。故填diversity。
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