高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題10閱讀理解之詞句猜測題——膽大心細(xì)（含解析）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?專題10 閱讀理解之詞句猜測題——膽大心細(xì)

層級二
拉分題目分分搶
相較于細(xì)節(jié)理解題來說，閱讀理解題型中的推理判斷題、詞句猜測題、主旨大意題，題目相對比較難。對于這類題目，在考前復(fù)習(xí)中要特別關(guān)注，要迎難而上，認(rèn)真分析，努力爭創(chuàng)高分。

近3年高考詞句猜測題題量統(tǒng)計(jì)
考綱解讀
　　年份
卷別　　　
2022
2021
2020
(1)詞句猜測題著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文猜測詞語或句子的能力，這也是一個(gè)從“已知”得出“未知”的過程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞語或句子前后的內(nèi)容)進(jìn)行推理。
(2)詞句猜測題主要涉及單詞意義理解、詞塊意義理解、句子意義理解和代詞指代對象確定等。
新高考卷Ⅰ
1
1

新高考卷II
2
1

全國卷Ⅰ(全國乙卷)
1
1
1
全國卷Ⅱ(全國甲卷)
1
1
2
全國卷Ⅲ

1

詞句猜測題考查考生根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞、詞塊或句子的本意或外延含義的能力，既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新意，還可以考查對替代詞所替代內(nèi)容的判斷。詞句猜測題是英語高考閱讀理解中的必考題型，一般每套試卷中的考查數(shù)量不超過2道，但是學(xué)生理解有一定的難度，易錯，屬于拉分題。因此要掌握好詞句猜測題技法，做到分分都要得。
命題方式
解題捷徑
選項(xiàng)特征
1.The phrase “...” in the sentence could be replaced by ________．
2．The word “...” in the paragraph refers to ________．
3．What does the underlined word mean in the...paragraph?
4．Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”？
5．The word “...” most nearly means __________.
6．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that ________．
考生做詞句猜測題時(shí)既要能夠大膽地根據(jù)上下文線索進(jìn)行猜測；又要心細(xì)如發(fā)、有憑有據(jù)，從而猜測出正確答案。常見技巧有：
1．利用構(gòu)詞法；
2．利用上下文語境；
3．利用語法關(guān)系；
4．利用邏輯關(guān)系；
5．利用線索關(guān)系。
正確選項(xiàng)特征
1．含義和其字面意思沒有任何的關(guān)系。
2．上下文邏輯通順。
3．與原句意思最接近。
干擾選項(xiàng)特征
1．與所考詞匯形似。
2．如果考的是熟詞，含有常規(guī)詞義的往往是錯誤選項(xiàng)。
3．句子解釋中含有過多原句中已有的詞和短語的選項(xiàng)一般是錯誤選項(xiàng)。

微技能一詞語猜測題——巧用線索猜詞義
詞語猜測題主要考查考生猜測文章中某個(gè)單詞或詞塊的含義，或考查該詞(塊)能被哪個(gè)單詞或詞塊代替。此外，也會考查某一個(gè)熟詞在具體語境中的特殊含義。近幾年高考每套題一般考查一個(gè)小題，個(gè)別情況考查兩個(gè)小題，主要考查以下幾個(gè)方面：1.綱外陌生詞(詞塊/習(xí)語)；2.陌生派生詞或合成詞；3.熟詞(詞塊)生義；4.有特殊含義的詞塊。
利用構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義
構(gòu)詞法能夠不借助閱讀上下文便能夠大體猜出詞義，然后再結(jié)合語境猜測，這樣事半功倍，而且具有雙重保險(xiǎn)，大大提高了解題效率和正確率。所以我們主張：可以利用構(gòu)詞法的，一定先利用構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合語境解題。構(gòu)詞法主要有派生、合成和轉(zhuǎn)化三種形式。例如2019年全國卷Ⅱ第25題：tug at the heartstrings中的heartstrings是合成詞：heart(心)＋string(弦)→heartstrings(心弦)，故本單詞可能與feeling有關(guān)。
【典例1】　(2020·新高考卷Ⅱ閱讀 B)
The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high.I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags.Now was the spring of the water pistol (手槍)．
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
...
My imaginary Grandma’s Box worked like magic that spring，and later.Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it.Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them.Usually the__offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.【出處：】
25．What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to?
A．The student’s parent. B．The maker of the Grandma’s Box.
C．The author’s grandchild. D．The owner of the forbidden fruit.
【分析】　利用構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義。er為后綴，當(dāng)其與動詞綴合時(shí)，表示“做某事的人或物”；offend為動詞，意為“違反；冒犯”，故offender有“犯規(guī)者，違反者”的含義。結(jié)合前文中出現(xiàn)的“forbidden fruit”，以及后文提到“return the belonging”，可推斷犯規(guī)者指的是擁有前述forbidden fruit的人。故選D。
利用上下文猜測詞義
這是最常見的方法，一定要先從畫線詞語最近的位置找起，要求理解句子的順序是：本句的意思→前后句的意思→本段和前后段的意思m
【典例2】　(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ閱讀C)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever－increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (棲息地)．
29．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Acquire. B．Export.
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
【分析】　利用上下文猜測詞義。文章前兩句說，當(dāng)探險(xiǎn)家們第一次踏上北美洲大陸時(shí)，天上和大地上有許多各種各樣的野生動物。美洲土著人很聰明地保護(hù)了這些寶貴的自然資源。下一句中的unfortunately表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義，由此推斷，畫線單詞所在句“Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.”意思是“不幸的是，僅僅幾十年后，探險(xiǎn)家和定居者就毀滅了大部分資源?！币簿褪钦f，畫線單詞decimate意思是“破壞；毀滅(destroy) ”。首段最后兩句“Millions of waterfowl...greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (棲息地)．”進(jìn)一步說明了“探險(xiǎn)家和定居者對這里資源的破壞”。故選D。
利用語法關(guān)系猜測詞義

【典例3】　(2021·全國甲卷閱讀C)
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite：Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant don’t worry about it.Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (橫桿), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up：Safe, man.Safe.A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting：“Safe!__Safe!__Safe！” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.21·世紀(jì)教29．What do the underlined words “Safe！Safe！Safe！” probably mean?
A．Be careful! B．Well done!
C．No way! D．Don’t worry!
【分析】　利用語法關(guān)系猜測詞義。根據(jù)畫線詞后文的解釋說明“And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，他的朋友大聲歡呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是贊美的含義。故選B。
利用邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義

【典例4】　(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ閱讀D)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.版權(quán)所有
13．What does the underlined word“beanpoles”in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Big eaters. B．Overweight persons
C．Picky eaters. D．Tall thin persons.
【分析】利用邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義。根據(jù) “And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.”，研究表明，與現(xiàn)存的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)(應(yīng)該避免和食量大的胖人一起吃飯) 相反，你真正需要避開的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根據(jù)“contrary to”可知，畫線詞與heavier people含義相反。故選D。
微技能二代詞猜測題——就近原則找指代
代詞猜測題主要考查文章中的人稱代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞或關(guān)系代詞所指代的內(nèi)容。
解答這類題目的時(shí)候一定要遵循就近原則，即：代詞往上找，就近原則不能忘，找出離代詞最近的名詞、詞組或句子等。2m

【典例5】　(2020·浙江7月卷閱讀B)
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue，Washington，generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row，especially at rush hour.At 9：30 am，the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds.By 9：33 am，a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds.Less traffic at 9：37 am could push it down to 135.Just like the traffic itself，the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design.Bellevue，a fast－growing city just east of Seattle，uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US：intersection(十字路口)signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.These lights，known as adaptive signals，have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
25．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Increased length of green lights. B．Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C．Flexible timing of traffic signals. D．Smooth traffic flow on the road.
【分析】　
第一步　確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息：the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2
第二步　定位到原句，并找出該詞所代替的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)代詞永遠(yuǎn)出現(xiàn)在原詞之后的原則，故代詞所指代的內(nèi)容應(yīng)在這一句的前面一句或者前面幾個(gè)句子中。所以該詞所代替的內(nèi)容為：Just like the traffic itself，the timing of the signals changes.
第三步　綜合判斷得出答案：that指代第一段中的多變的交通信號燈時(shí)間。故選C。
微技能三句意猜測題——意義吻合推句意
句意猜測題一般出現(xiàn)在前后文有解釋的特殊含義的語句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合適的句子解釋這一語句或這一語句的某一部分。鎖定語句前后尋找，意義吻合是解題關(guān)鍵。

【典例6】　(2019·浙江6月卷閱讀B)
Money with no strings attached.It’s not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”
24．What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?21**com
A．Money spent without hesitation.
B．Money not legally made.
C．Money offered without conditions.
D．Money not tied together.
【分析】　
第一步　定位到原句，找出題干關(guān)鍵信息在原文中的位置：money with no strings attached
第二步　尋找信息句，找出與該句相關(guān)的信息句：“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”
第三步　分析選項(xiàng)，細(xì)讀信息句，合理推斷畫線句的句意。綜合判斷得出畫線句的意思應(yīng)該是“無條件提供錢”。
第四步　仔細(xì)比對選項(xiàng)，“Money offered without conditions.”符合句意。故選C。

精做高考真題
Passage 1、（2022·全國·高考甲卷）
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鵝) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (職業(yè)) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Try challenging things. B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories. D．Stick to a promise.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了71歲的Ginni Bazlinton從小就對旅行有著深深的熱愛，渴望探險(xiǎn)，不再跳舞和孩子們成家立業(yè)之后，她開始周游世界，并在2008年開始了前往南極洲的旅程。
【詳情解析】
【A】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大學(xué)獲得相關(guān)藝術(shù)學(xué)位后，Ginni開始周游世界，最終在日本和智利找到了教英語的工作。)”可知，此處是指做有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情，所以take the plunge意為“嘗試有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”。故選A。
Passage 2、（2022·全國·高考乙卷）
Can a small group of drones (無人機(jī)) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。
【詳情解析】
【C】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，畫線詞和 C項(xiàng)：Inspection and repair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。
Passage 3、（2021·全國新高考II卷）
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Behave badly. B．Lose their way. C．Sleep soundly. D．Miss their mom.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者為了保證兩只老虎幼崽的存活，決定在家里全天候照顧它們。介紹了老虎在作者家生活的情況以及作者照顧老虎的感受。
【詳情解析】
【A】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（隨著它們的活動越來越多，我們白天讓它們在房子里自由活動，但當(dāng)我們睡覺時(shí)，我們必須把它們關(guān)在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們會）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.”（我們早上下樓時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，讓它看起來像個(gè)動物園。）可知，作者不得不把老虎們關(guān)在一個(gè)大房間里，否則它們就會調(diào)皮搗蛋，表現(xiàn)不好。早上下樓時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們把房間弄得亂七八糟，看起來像個(gè)動物園。故畫線詞意思是“表現(xiàn)不好”。故選A。
Passage 4、（2021·浙江高考真題）
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today’s children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A．records B．predicts C．delays D．confirms
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了電影制作人David Bond為了讓孩子們遠(yuǎn)離屏幕，拍攝自己的旅行，并將自然當(dāng)作一個(gè)品牌，推銷給年輕人。
【詳情解析】
【A】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本句“a film which charts the birth of the World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.（這部電影charts世界網(wǎng)絡(luò)的誕生，世界網(wǎng)絡(luò)這個(gè)組織的共同目標(biāo)是讓孩子們走進(jìn)大自然。），由“a film”可知，本句主語是一部電影，下文“the birth of the World Network (世界網(wǎng)絡(luò)的誕生)”解釋了這部電影的主旨。由此推知，劃線詞charts意為“記錄、描繪”，與“records”意思一致。故選A項(xiàng)。
Passage 5、（2020·山東高考真題）
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬禮)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Developing a serious mental disease. B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
【語篇解讀】
本文是記敘文。文章講述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell在烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個(gè)快速觀察。
【詳情解析】
【D】詞句猜測題。劃線句是第二段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章這件事，根據(jù)第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(幾年后，仍然被這個(gè)國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于死海消失的文章這件事，故選D。
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Passage 1、（2022·河北·石家莊二中模擬預(yù)測）
By 2050, the United Nations says, we’re going to need 70 percent more food to feed the nine billion people living on Earth. Sara Menker says the problem may be even more urgent than the U.N. suggests. In 2017, she gave a TED talk in which she said a “tipping point,” beyond which global food markets become too overloaded to function effectively, could come in just a few years.
“We discovered that the world will be short 214×1012 calories by 2027,” she said. Or, in more familiar terms: “A single Big Mac has 563 calories. That means the world will be short 380 billion Big Macs in 2027. That is more Big Macs than McDonald’s has ever produced.”
Menker cannot change the world alone. But the firm she started, Gro Intelligence, is providing information that food companies, insurers, lenders and policymakers use to make food production more effective, and perhaps help protect against that tipping point.
Gro tracks 650×1012 data points daily — from sources such as government and local food reports, satellite photos, long-term weather forecasts and greenhouse gas measurements — and creates computer models so that food companies, such as Unilever and Yum! Brands, can know how prices are likely to trend, calculate surpluses (過剩) and shortages, and be more flexible when climate change makes food supplies harder to predict.
A type of artificial intelligence known as machine learning is key to dealing with the data because, as Allison Tepley of Gro’s staff put it, “The best information is often local information, but it’s often in local languages, in different forms and it all needs to be put together.”
Gro has sounded warmings on African swine fever in China (which cut pork production 30 percent in 2018), locust infestation in East Africa in 2020 and global inflation (通貨膨脹) in food prices.
What might the underlined words “l(fā)ocust infestation” be in the last paragraph?
A．A data-driven drug. B．A language-based approach.
C．A food-related disaster. D．A production-centered policy.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了為應(yīng)對全球?qū)⒚媾R的糧食短缺問題，Sara Menker創(chuàng)建的公司Gro Intelligence正在運(yùn)用人工智能處理數(shù)據(jù)來幫助解決這一問題。
【詳情解析】
【C】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段“Gro has sounded warmings on African swine fever in China (which cut pork production 30 percent in 2018), locust infestation in East Africa in 2020 and global inflation (通貨膨脹) in food prices. （中國的非洲豬瘟(2018年導(dǎo)致豬肉產(chǎn)量減少30%)、2020年東非的 locust infestation 以及全球食品價(jià)格通脹等問題都引發(fā)了升溫。）”可推知，locust infestation與African swine fever （非洲豬瘟）和global inflation in food prices（全球食品價(jià)格通脹）并列，故畫線短語“l(fā)ocust infestation”應(yīng)該也是指與糧食有關(guān)的疾病。故選C。
Passage 2、（2022·山西大附中三模）
For years, Apple's business has centered around the iPhone, but sales of that once-revolutionary but now commonplace device have slowed. And the entire world of computers has been flipped (翻動) on its head. Apple has been diversifying beyond hardware, selling iCloud storage to its customers, a $10 a month music streaming service and movies and television shows through iTunes.
But Monday's concerned announcement takes that diversification to a whole new level. Apple said it was launching a lot of new services, from news to video games and a credit card. Its biggest project is entertainment streaming service Apple TV+.
Apple is expected to invest many billions a year, according to analysts, on making video content to compete in a crowded market that includes Amazon, Netflix, Hulu and Disney.
The real magic in consumer technology is happening less and less inside the devices people carry around and more and more in server farms scattered around the world, where massive amounts of data get processed and then transmitted to electronics like the Amazon Echo or Google Home.
In fact, the electronics people are excited about buying are becoming vessels for sending and receiving data. And in that area, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft, which now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services, which is a fancy term for data center usage and storage.
The invite Apple sent to invitees said simply, “It's show time.” The question now is whether Apple can break a leg.
What does the underlined word “revenue” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Income. B．Advertisements. C．Equipment. D．Games.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是蘋果表示，它將推出大量新服務(wù)，從新聞到視頻游戲和信用卡，以期和競爭者競爭。
【詳情解析】
【A】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的“And in that area, Apple has fallen behind companies like Google, Amazon and Microsoft（在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域，蘋果已經(jīng)落后于谷歌、亞馬遜和微軟等公司）”可知，蘋果落后于別的公司就說明別家公司賺到錢了，which指代先行詞“companies”，因此“now pull in significant revenue from selling cloud services”的意思是“現(xiàn)在通過銷售云服務(wù)獲得了可觀的收入”，因此劃線詞的意思是“收入”，即Income。故選A。
Passage 3、（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·赤峰二中模擬預(yù)測）
Without less public attention, the nation’s egg producers are in the midst of a multibillion-dollar shift to cage-free eggs that is dramatically changing the lives of millions of hens in response to new laws and demands from restaurant chains. In a decade, the percentage of hens in cage-free housing has soared from 4% in 2010 to 28% in 2020, and that figure is expected to more than double to about 70% in the next four years.
The change marks one of the animal welfare movement’s biggest successes after years of battles with the food industry. The transition has cost billions of dollars for producers who initially resisted calls for more humane treatment of chickens but have since fully embraced the new reality.
Beginning in about 2015, many companies such as McDonald’s, Burger King responded to pressure from animal welfare groups by announcing their commitment to cage-free eggs. That was followed by laws requiring cage-free housing in California and similar rules in at least seven other states. Meanwhile, they widely promoted their move to cage-free as good for their brand’s image.
Animal rights groups have made allowing animals room to move a priority in their campaigns but the results have been mixed. The pork industry is fighting to block the California initiative that required more space for breeding pigs, and a state judge recently delayed implementation of new rules.
Looking years into the future, egg company leaders said they think the demand for cheaper eggs from caged hens will remain roughly 25% or more of the market, but Balk at the Humane Society said he expects it to become a tiny percentage of overall sales. Balk notes that hundreds of national retailers, restaurants, grocers and food manufacturers either have implemented cage-free requirements or plan to do so within a few years. “This is the future of every state in America,” he said.
What does the underlined word in Para 2 mean?
A．Accepted. B．Abandoned. C．Changed. D．Adapted.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了美國正在推廣散養(yǎng)雞蛋，這一變化標(biāo)志著動物福利運(yùn)動在與食品行業(yè)斗爭多年后取得的最大成功之一。文章介紹了這一舉動帶來的影響以及散養(yǎng)蛋未來的前景。
【詳情解析】
【A】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“The transition has cost billions of dollars for producers who initially resisted calls for more humane treatment of chickens but have since fully”可知，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明這一轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯a(chǎn)商帶來了數(shù)十億美元的成本，他們最初抵制更人道對待雞的呼吁，但后來完全接受了新的現(xiàn)實(shí)。故畫線詞意思是“接受”。故選A。
Passage 4、（2022-2023·吉林·東北師大附中第一次摸底考試）
When Ryad Alsous arrived in England, he knew one thing: he wanted to keep bees. The insects had been a major part of his life in Syria, and fleeing his war-tom homeland was a precious certainty amid so much chaos.
As a lecturer at the University of Damascus, Ryad had built a respected reputation for his research on Syrian bees. With over 500 hives, he produced over ten tons of honey every year. Fleeing his country in 2013, he lost everything.
Yet even with all his knowledge and experience, Ryad didn’t know if his dream would be possible in the UK. “I found that there is a lot of rain and the temperature isn’t very high. All the time I was thinking, ‘How can I set up another project here?’”
The wet weather wasn’t Ryad’s only challenge. The language barrier and a vastly overqualified CV made it difficult to find work. Eventually, Ryad volunteered at the Huddersfield Beekeepers’ Association, but he was still without a colony of his own. Finally, Facebook brought him into contact with a woman in Manchester who was willing to donate an entire colony of rare British black bees.
“In one year, I was able to split the colony she gave me into seven. I realized that the beekeeping project could become very profitable and successful in the UK.”
Soon, Ryad found himself with 17 hives, but he wasn’t finished yet. His inner teacher was itching to get out. Through City of Sanctuary, a British refugee charity, Ryad began to run beekeeping workshops for refugees and jobseekers. The Buzz Project was born.
Today, the Buzz Project houses 14 hives, where Ryad shares his expertise. It has started to bear fruit. Last year, they produced half a ton of honey(around 1,000 jars). But for Ryad, the most important thing is bringing people together.
“We have local people, jobseekers and volunteers, in addition to refugees. All of them work together doing the same job. The exchange between the groups, the information and skills helps them integrate very well and improve their language skills,” he says.
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 6 imply?
A．He wanted to share his beekeeping skills. B．He decided to find a teaching job.
C．He wanted to expand his business. D．He decided to establish a beekeeping school.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇記敘文。本文講述Ryad在英國克服重重困難，找到養(yǎng)蜂這一謀生之路，并幫助他人以回饋社會。
【詳情解析】
【A】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線部分前面的“Through City of Sanctuary, a British refugee charity, Ryad began to run beekeeping workshops for refugees and job seekers. (通過英國難民慈善機(jī)構(gòu)“避難所之城”， Ryad開始為難民和求職者開辦養(yǎng)蜂講習(xí)班)”可猜測劃線處意思是他想分享養(yǎng)蜂技巧，因此才有了慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。即畫線句子意思是“他想分享他的養(yǎng)蜂技巧”。故選A。
Passage 5、（2022·黑龍江·哈爾濱三中10月份月考試題）
It was late on a Thursday evening in Austin, Texas, and I had just finished my shift downtown waiting tables. I hopped into my truck and headed away from the chaos to my own personal oasis, Dan’s Depot. It was on a four-lane road that went straight from the heart of Austin to West Texas. Once, Dan’s Depot had been outside of the city. But with Austin’s population growing and the city’s expansion, it was swallowed up by high-rise buildings and skyscrapers.
I’ve been familiar with Dan’s Depot since I played my first show there. Like most waiters in Austin, I’m actually a musician. The woman who welcomes customers is Dan’s wife Maude.
I slid my truck into the last free spot and headed to the door. “How’s it going, Maude?” I asked. “David, I just don’t know what we’re going to do,” she said. “Our contract with the landlord is up for renewal at the end of the month, and he has doubled the rent. Even if we charged twice as much for the snacks and shows, we could never make ends meet.”
My heart dropped. On some level, I’d been expecting to hear this news for as long as I’d been coming to Dan’s Depot. After all, Dan’s Depot was now sandwiched between a shop selling yoga pants to people who could afford personal trainers and a luxury furniture store where even a simple dining chair cost more than S1, 000. How could this little live music bar survive with those kinds of neighbors?
“What are you going to do with this place? Are you moving?” I asked. She shook her head slowly. “I just don’t know. Dan and I are not as young as we used to be.”
I patted her on the shoulder and made my way to the tables near the stage. Memories sprung up in my mind. Most of my musical ideas came to me while I was watching live shows here at Dan’s Depot. When the song ended, I got up and went back to Maude.
“What if I run the new Dan’s Depot?” I asked her. She stared at me, surprised.
“Hear me out,” I said. “I’ve got enough money to go in with you and Dan as a third partner. I know the Texas music scene in and out, and I can get the best new bands in here every week. We’ll move it way down South Congress Avenue, where it’s still close enough to be accessible from downtown but the rent is more affordable. And most importantly, this place means a lot to me.”
Maude was still staring at me silently. I began to grow uneasy. Had I offended her? I started apologizing. She cut me off with a huge embrace. “Honey, I think that’s a fantastic idea.”
The underlined word “oasis” in Paragraph 1 refers to a place where the author ________.
A．parks his truck B．finds joy and relaxation
C．works full-time D．grabs a meal at night
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者心目中的綠洲D(zhuǎn)an’s Depot面臨即將倒閉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，作者建議換一種方式來經(jīng)營這個(gè)事業(yè)。文章告訴我們：每一個(gè)結(jié)束都是一個(gè)新的開始。
【詳情解析】
【B】詞句猜測題。由第一段中的“It was late on a Thursday evening in Austin, Texas, and I had just finished my shift downtown waiting tables. I hopped into my truck and headed away from the chaos to my own personal oasis, Dan’s Depot. (德克薩斯州奧斯汀的一個(gè)星期四晚上，時(shí)間已經(jīng)很晚了，我剛結(jié)束在市中心的輪班。我跳上卡車，離開混亂，前往我自己的私人oasis——Dan’s Depot)”和第四段中的“How could this little live music bar survive with those kinds of neighbors? (這家小小的現(xiàn)場音樂酒吧怎么能與這些鄰居共存？)”可知，作者下班之后開車離開混亂的地方，去現(xiàn)場音樂酒吧Dan’s Depot，應(yīng)該是去放松自己的，oasis意為“可以找到快樂和放松（finds joy and relaxation）的地方”。故選B項(xiàng)。
Passage 6、（2022·上?！?fù)旦附中高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測）
Noah reached for his guitar, remembering his father as he did so, thinking how much he missed him. He strummed once, adjusted the tension on two strings, then strummed again. This time it sounded about right, and he began to play.
Soft music, quiet music. He hummed for a little while at first, then began to sing as night came down around him. He played and sang until the sun was gone and the sky black. It was a little after seven when he quit, and he settled back into his chair and began to rock. By habit, he looked upward and saw Orion and the Big Dipper, Gemini and the Pole Star, twinkling in the autumn sky. He started to run the numbers in his head, then stopped. He knew he’d spent almost his entire savings on the house and would have to find a job again soon, but he pushed the thought away and decided to enjoy the remaining months of restoration without worrying about it. Besides, thinking about money usually bored him. Early on, he’d learned to enjoy simple things, things that couldn’t be bought, and he had a hard time understanding people who felt otherwise. It was another trait he got from his father.
Clem, his hound dog, came up to him then and nuzzled his hand before lying down at his feet. “Hey, girl, how’re you doing?” he asked as he patted her head, and she whined softly, her soft round eyes peering upward. A car accident had taken her leg, but she still moved well enough and kept him company on quiet nights like these. He was thirty-one now, not too old, but old enough to be lonely. He hadn’t dated since he’d been back here, hadn’t met anyone who remotely interested him. It was his own fault, he knew. There was something that kept a distance between him and any woman who started to get close, something he wasn’t sure he could change even if he tried. And sometimes in the moments right before sleep came, he wondered if he was destined to be alone forever.
The evening passed, staying warm, nice. Noah listened to the crickets and the rustling leaves, thinking that the sound of nature was more real and aroused more emotion than things like cars and planes. Natural things gave back more than they took, and their sounds always brought him back to the way man was supposed to be. “It’ll keep you from going crazy,” his father had told him the day he’d shipped out. “It’s God’s music and it’ll take you home.” He finished his tea, went inside, found a book, then turned on the porch light on his way back out. After sitting down again, he looked at the book. It was old, the cover was torn, and the pages were stained with mud and water.
It was Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman, and he had carried it with him throughout the war. It had even taken a bullet for him once. He rubbed the cover, dusting it off just a little. Then he let the book open randomly and read the words in front of him: This is thy hour O Soul, thy free flight into the wordless. Away from books, away from art, the day erased, the lesson done. Thee fully forth emerging, silent, gazing, pondering the themes thou lovest best. Night, sleep, death and the stars. For some reason Whitman always reminded him of New Bern, and he was glad he’d come back. Though he’d been away from fourteen years, this was home and he knew a lot of people here, most of them from his youth. Like so many southern towns, the people who lived here never changed, they just grew a bit older.
The underlined sentence in paragraph two is the equivalent of “_________”.
A．he hated those who were unable to appreciate simple things in life
B．he didn’t see eye to eye with people who liked to save money
C．he had difficulty in figuring out how he got this trait from his father
D．he didn’t understand why people were so materialistic
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了回到老家的某天Noah彈吉他時(shí)的感觸。
【詳情解析】
【D】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線部分上文“He knew he’d spent almost his entire savings on the house and would have to find a job again soon, but he pushed the thought away and decided to enjoy the remaining months of restoration without worrying about it. Besides, thinking about money usually bored him. Early on, he’d learned to enjoy simple things, things that couldn’t be bought,(他知道自己幾乎把所有的積蓄都花在了房子上，很快就得再找一份工作了，但他放棄了這個(gè)想法，決定享受剩下的幾個(gè)月的修繕工作，不用擔(dān)心。此外，想到錢通常會讓他感到厭煩。早期，他學(xué)會了享受簡單的東西，那些買不到的東西)”可知，Noah此刻享受的是用金錢無法買來的東西，由此可知劃線句子意為“他不明白為什么有的人很物質(zhì)（把快樂建立在物質(zhì)生活上）”。故選D。
Passage 7、（2022·江蘇·連云港高中高三10月調(diào)研考試）
Plastic fishing nets, the so-called ghost nets, abandoned yearly in the sea—about 1 million tons—are more than just rubbish; they’re a killer. Fish, sea birds, and turtles get caught in the netting and die, with more species at risk.
Much shocked at this, Pranveer Singh Rathore, a materials-science engineer and materials R&D manager at Samsung, and his team set themselves the task of giving new life to the deadly nets. Last month, Samsung revealed a new line of Galaxy products made in part from recycled plastic fishing nets for the first time. The company estimates this year alone it can recycle over 50 tons of ocean-bound plastic into the key components that will go into its smartphones, tablets, and computers, thus taking a bite out of the global ghost nets problem.
It’s no small task to give waste fishing nets a second act. The nets are typically made of a substance called nylon which tends to dramatically degrade (降解) the longer it sits in the ocean and is exposed to the sun. “This makes it nearly impossible to use abandoned fishing nets directly,” Rathore explains. Besides, high-performance smartphone, tablet, or PC has to be waterproof and can survive severe weather. The nylon in the fishing nets falls far short of that level of durability (耐用).
To deal with that problem, Samsung last summer teamed up with two partners: one to collect and transform the nets into tiny nylon pellets (顆粒) while the other to strengthen their toughness and durability. The end result: The partners hit upon an eco-friendly and high-performance plastic material that’s being used to build the component parts for its latest line of products. For example, two parts of the Galaxy S22 mobile phone—the key bracket and the inner cover—are made of these fishing-net plastic materials. Samsung aims to use even more upcycled materials in future product lines.
“That’s the hope for the globe and our mission,” Rathore smiles.
What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Rubbish in the sea. B．Recycling the deadly nets.
C．Ocean species’ extinction. D．Ghost nets’ threat to sea life.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了三星公司Rathore和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)致力于將廢棄的漁網(wǎng)回收再利用，并成功將其用于制作三星Galaxy系列手機(jī)，在這個(gè)突破之后，三星的目標(biāo)是在未來的產(chǎn)品線中使用更多的升級循環(huán)材料。
【詳情解析】
【D】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段的ghost nets（幽靈網(wǎng)）以及“they’re a killer. Fish, sea birds, and turtles get caught in the netting and die, with more species at risk.（它們是殺手。魚類，海鳥和海龜會被漁網(wǎng)捕獲然后死亡，更多的物種面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。）”可知海洋生物被漁網(wǎng)捕獲后死亡，更多的物種面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)；第二段第一句“Much shocked at this, Pranveer Singh Rathore, a materials-science engineer and materials R&D manager at Samsung, and his team set themselves the task of giving new life to the deadly nets.（因?qū)Υ烁械椒浅Ｕ痼@，三星的材料科學(xué)工程師和材料研發(fā)經(jīng)理Pranveer Singh Rathore和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)為自己設(shè)定了為這個(gè)致命的網(wǎng)賦予新生命的任務(wù)。）”可知Pranveer Singh Rathore和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)想要賦予這個(gè)致命的網(wǎng)新生命，因?yàn)樗麄儗Υ烁械秸痼@，即對這個(gè)致命的網(wǎng)所帶來的危害感到震驚才會想辦法去解決這個(gè)問題，故推知劃線單詞this的意思是指上文提到的這個(gè)幽靈網(wǎng)給海洋生物所造成的威脅，故選D項(xiàng)。
Passage 8、（2022·浙江省杭州學(xué)軍中學(xué)高三12月份適應(yīng)性考試）
No woman can be too rich or too thin. This saying often attributed(認(rèn)為是…所說) to the late Duchess of Windsor embodies(體現(xiàn)) much of the odd spirit of our times. Being thin is deemed?as such a virtue. The problem with such a view is that some people actually attempt to live by it. I myself have fantasies of slipping into narrow designer clothes. Consequently, I have been on a diet for the better-or-worse-part of my life. Being rich wouldn’t be bad either, but that won’t happen unless an unknown relative dies suddenly in some distant land, leaving me millions of dollars.
Where did we go off the track? When did eating butter become a sin, and a little bit of extra flesh unappealing? All religions have certain days when people refrain(克制) from eating and excessive eating is one of Christianity’s seven deadly sins. However, until quite recently, most people had a problem getting enough to eat. In some religious groups, wealth was a symbol of probable salvation(救星) and high morals, and fatness a sign of wealth and well-being. Today the opposite is true. We have shifted to thinness as our new mark of virtue. The result is that being fat — or even only somewhat overweight — is bad because it implies a lack of moral strength.
Our obsession(癡迷) with thinness is also fueled by health concerns. It is true that in this country we have more overweight people than ever before, and that, in many cases, being overweight correlates with an increased risk of heart and blood vessel disease. These diseases, however, may as much to do with our way of life and our high-fat diets as with excess weight. And the associated risk of cancer in the digestive system may be more of a dietary problem-too much fat and a lack of fiber-than a weight problem.
The real concern, then, is not what we weight too much, but that we neither exercise enough nor eat well. Exercise is necessary for strong bones and both heart and lung health. A balanced diet without a lot of fat can also help the body avoid many diseases. We should surely stop paying so much attention to weight. Simply being thin is not enough. It is actually hazardous if those who (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall lifestyle. Thinness can be pure vain glory.
What does the underlined word “hazardous” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．hateful B．unrelated C．beneficial D．harmful
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇議論文。作者從社會學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)角度批評了女性對苗條的癡迷。
【詳情解析】
【D】詞句猜測題。劃線詞句前文“Simply being thin is not enough. (僅僅保持瘦是不夠的。)”及后文“Thinness can be pure vain glory. (瘦可能是純粹的虛榮。)”說明僅僅瘦也不一定就是健康，從而推知劃線詞句“It is actually hazardous if those who (or already are) thin think they are automatically healthy and thus free from paying attention to their overall lifestyle. (實(shí)際上，如果那些(或者已經(jīng))瘦的人認(rèn)為他們自然而然地是健康的，從而無需關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式，這是hazardous。)”意為“如果認(rèn)為瘦就是健康，實(shí)際上是不對的，”。其中劃線單詞應(yīng)為“不對的，錯誤的，無益的”的意思，選項(xiàng)D“有害的”與之意義最為接近。故選D項(xiàng)。
Passage 9、（2022·安徽·六安一中等七校12月份聯(lián)考試題）
I realized that I spent far too much time on the Internet last year, for obvious reasons. I suspect Fm not alone. And just like magic, Suzanne Park’s Sunny Song Will Never Be Famous came across my desk, a story about a 17-year-old Korean American influencer who ends up in a digital detox (脫癮) camp. My first reaction was to shrink, worried about how much of my social media self I would see in this book, and how much relative therapy (療法) I would undoubtedly require as a result. But Sunny is such an amazing heroine that I was laughing out loud by Page 10.
Sunny is literally born an influencer. Thanks to a video, “Goggle Girl” becomes Internet famous. She keeps up the persona as she grows older, procuring almost 10,000 subscribers to her YouTube channel alone. But disaster strikes when she forgets to turn off the camera one afternoon during a live stream. This will result in Sunny’s dismissal from her L. A．private school— unless her parents send her to a digital detox camp, as per the principal’s request.
The customers in the camp are Internet addicts ranging from fantasy sports and gaming players to mean girl Internet celebrities. Sunny is forced to spend a month in the cornfields of Iowa among these celebrities with no digital devices. Except the burner phone she brings secretly in because she’s in the running for an influencer competition, and she actually has a shot! But the other competitor is the meanest girl in camp, who also happens to have ten times Sunny’s following.
The book is a total joy to read. I appreciate that Park does not approach social media as the enemy in this book, and for that reason I can enthusiastically recommend it to any young folks who are particularly web-savvy (精通的).Sunny reminds readers of the power of Internet fame, and the consequences if that power isn’t used wisely.
Which can best replace the underlined word “procuring” in paragraph 2?
A．Postponing. B．Appreciating. C．Obtaining. D．Introducing.
【語篇解讀】
本文是一篇說明文。作者認(rèn)為蘇珊娜·帕克的《Sunny Song Will Never Be Famous》人物形象飽滿，語言幽默，書中對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的態(tài)度客觀公正，值得一讀。
【詳情解析】
【C】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thanks to a video, ‘Goggle Girl’ becomes Internet famous. She keeps up the persona as she grows older...（多虧了一段視頻，“護(hù)目鏡女孩”在網(wǎng)上走紅。隨著年齡的增長，她仍然保持著原有的形象）” 可知，Sunny成了網(wǎng)絡(luò)紅人。隨著年齡的增長，她一直保持著這種形象，由此可知，此處表示：僅她的YouTube頻道就獲得了近1萬名關(guān)注者。因此 procuring 表示“得到”，與 obtaining 同義。故選C。
Passage 10、（2022·福建·福州三中高三第三次質(zhì)檢英語試卷）
When romantic partners argue over things like finances, jealousy, or other interpersonal issues, they tend to employ their current feelings as fuel for a heated argument. But thinking about the future helps overcome relationship conflicts, according to a University of Waterloo study just published online in Social Psychological and Personality Science. Alex Huynh, a doctoral candidate in psychology is the lead author of the study, which he published with Igor Grossmann from the University of Waterloo, and Daniel Yang from Yale University.
Previous research has shown that third-perspective reasoning can be a positive strategy for reconciliation(調(diào)解) of interpersonal struggles. Huynh and his collaborators investigated whether similar benefit can be induced by simply thinking about the future. Study participants were instructed to reflect on a recent conflict with a romantic partner or a close friend. One group of participants were then asked to describe how they would feel about the conflict one year in the future, while another group was asked to describe how they feel in the present.
The team examined participants’ written responses through a text-analysis program for their use of pronouns — such as I, me, she, he. These choices of pronouns were used to capture participants’ focus on the feelings and behaviour of those involved in the conflict. Written responses were also examined for forgiveness and reinterpreting the conflict more positively, both of which implied the participants’ use of reasoning strategies.
The researchers found that envisioning future relationship affected both participants’ focus on their feelings, and their reasoning strategies. As a result, participants reported more positivity about their relationship altogether, especially when study participants extended their thinking about the relationship a year into the future.
“Our study demonstrates that adopting a future-oriented perspective in the context of a relationship conflict — reflecting on how one might feel a year from now — may be a valuable coping tool for one’s psychological happiness and relationship well-being,” said Huynh.
What does the underlined word “induced” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？
A．Caused. B．Explained.
C．Reduced. D．Improved.
【語篇解讀】
這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果，思考未來關(guān)系有助于克服人際關(guān)系沖突，目光長遠(yuǎn)才是維持人際關(guān)系的好方法。
【詳情解析】
【A】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Previous research has shown that third-perspective reasoning can be a positive strategy for reconciliation(調(diào)解) of interpersonal struggles.(先前的研究已經(jīng)表明，從第三視角的推理是積極的人際斗爭戰(zhàn)略調(diào)節(jié)解方法)”可知，先前的研究已經(jīng)表明理性思維是積極的人際斗爭戰(zhàn)略調(diào)解方法，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段描述的研究結(jié)果“As a result, participants reported more positivity about their relationship altogether(結(jié)果，參與者對他們的關(guān)系表現(xiàn)出了更積極的態(tài)度)”可推知，劃線詞所在句意為：黃齊和他的合作者研究類似益處是否僅僅能夠依靠簡單地思考未來去達(dá)成。induced意為“導(dǎo)致，引起”。故選A項(xiàng)。

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