22 Discovering useful structures【核心詞匯】1．struggle n．& vi.斗爭(zhēng)；奮斗；搏斗(教材p.64)When I started studying German, it was a struggle.當(dāng)我開始學(xué)習(xí)德語(yǔ)時(shí)，我感到很困難。struggle for ...　　　 努力爭(zhēng)取……；為……而斗爭(zhēng)struggle against/with ... 與……作斗爭(zhēng)struggle to do sth 努力做某事struggle to one's feet 掙扎著站起來[佳句]　We have to struggle with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.我們不得不與來自國(guó)內(nèi)外的各種困難作斗爭(zhēng)。 2．point of view觀點(diǎn)；看法(教材p.64)I had finally come to a place where I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view.我終于達(dá)到了一個(gè)可以用外語(yǔ)思考的境地，并且我可以從一個(gè)不同的角度看世界。(1)　　 依某人看來(2)have/get a good view of 好好欣賞/觀看come into view 進(jìn)入視野[佳句]　From my point of view, you can have a better understanding of the Spring Festival through the activities.依我看來，通過這些活動(dòng)，你可以更好地了解春節(jié)。 3．句型公式：the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)“越……，就越……”(教材p.64)It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.這是對(duì)大腦的鍛煉；我對(duì)一門語(yǔ)言了解得越多，我的大腦開發(fā)得就越多。(1)“the＋比較級(jí)(＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ))，the＋比較級(jí)(＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ))”意為“越……，就越……”。(2)the more ..., the less ...意為“越……，越不……”。(3)“the＋比較級(jí)(...), the＋比較級(jí)(...)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個(gè)“the＋比較級(jí)”是表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句，在表示將來意義的情況下，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。[佳句]　 The more you know about our traditional culture, the more you are interested in it.你對(duì)我們的傳統(tǒng)文化了解越多，你就對(duì)它越感興趣。 【語(yǔ)法解析】一.　關(guān)系副詞的用法先行詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中的作用與“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的關(guān)系表示時(shí)間的名詞：time、day、year等when作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)＝at/in/on/during which表示場(chǎng)所的名詞：park、place、country、house等 where作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)＝in/at/to/on which表示理由的名詞：the reasonwhy作原因狀語(yǔ)＝for which◆The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.完全靠體力謀生的時(shí)代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。◆Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.　學(xué)生們應(yīng)該參加社團(tuán)活動(dòng)，在這些活動(dòng)中他們可以獲得成長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。◆Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 　你知道他昨天沒參加會(huì)議的原因嗎？[名師點(diǎn)津] 當(dāng)先行詞為situation、case、stage、point等，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，也要用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。◆Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.他們的孩子處于能說一些個(gè)別的單詞但不能說完整句子的階段。二.　“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。其中關(guān)系代詞只能用which和whom，且不能省略。◆Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.一些專家認(rèn)為閱讀是學(xué)校教育所依賴的基本技能。2．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的確定(1)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來確定。◆In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在黑暗的街道上，沒有一個(gè)她可以求助的人。(turn to sb. for help)◆Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.物理是我們學(xué)校每個(gè)學(xué)生都感興趣的課程。(be interested in)(2)根據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體含義而定。◆I'll never forget the time during which I spent my child-hood in the country.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記在鄉(xiāng)下度過我的童年的那段時(shí)光。(during that time)(3)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。◆The colorless gas without which we can't live is called oxygen.這種無色的氣體就是氧氣，沒有它我們無法生存。3．“the＋名詞＋of which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。這類定語(yǔ)從句一般為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞和后面的關(guān)系代詞為所屬關(guān)系。◆The newly-built café， the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.這家新建成的咖啡館的墻被刷成了淺綠色，對(duì)我們來說，這真是一個(gè)安靜的地方，特別是在辛苦工作后。4．“表示全部或部分的詞語(yǔ)＋of which/whom” 結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。常見的表示部分的詞或結(jié)構(gòu)有：不定代詞(all、both、none、some、most等)；數(shù)詞(基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)等)；the＋形容詞的比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)。◆Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.　科學(xué)家們提出了很多關(guān)于為什么人類在哭泣時(shí)會(huì)流淚的理論，這些理論尚未得到證實(shí)。◆Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年輕人都去了偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)追求自己的夢(mèng)想，他們中大部分人都受過良好的教育。5．“介詞＋which＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。常見的類似結(jié)構(gòu)有：during which time 　　　　 在此期間at which time    在這時(shí)at which point    在這一時(shí)刻for which reason    由于這個(gè)原因 in which case    在這一情況下◆He may win the competition, in which case he is likely to get into the national team.　他可能會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽，如果這樣的話他就有可能進(jìn)入國(guó)家隊(duì)。[名師點(diǎn)津] “復(fù)合介詞短語(yǔ)＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常與先行詞用逗號(hào)分開，定語(yǔ)從句常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。◆He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵又大又高的樹。 Ⅰ.對(duì)比填空：that, which, when, where, why①I will never forget the days ___________ we stayed together.②The reason ___________  he explained at the meeting was not sound.③The reason ___________ he was late was that he missed his train.④Keep the book in a place ___________  you can find it easily.⑤This is the house __________________  was built by my grandfather forty years ago.答案：①when  ②that/which  ③why  ④where  ⑤which/that Ⅱ.用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”填空①Many young people, most__________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.②Scientists have many advanced theories about why human beings cry tears, none _________________ has been proved.③Do you remember the day _________________ you joined our club?④There is a big window _________________ I can see the railway station.⑤This is the man _________________ I just shook hands.⑥None of us know the reason _________________ Tom was absent.答案：①of whom  ②of which  ③on which  ④through which  ⑤with whom  ⑥for which 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞完成下面短文。Tai Dong is a small city in southeast Taiwan 1.______________ I grew up.My family moved there from Taipei the summer 2. ______________ I was born.The house 3. ______________ which I grew up is on a main street in Tai Dong.It was a nice house with a big garden 4. ______________ there were a lot of nice flowers.My father sold tea，and my mother had a small restaurant 5. ______________there were always many customers.A cousin of mine 6. ______________family I visited every summer lived with us.He was an apprentice (學(xué)徒) 7. ______________ my father was teaching the tea business to.On the first floor of our house we had a huge kitchen 8. ______________we all gathered for dinner.I will never forget the happy days 9. ______________ we were eating and talking happily.The bedrooms were upstairs.My brother and my cousin slept in one bedroom.I slept in another 10. ______________ I shared with Polly，the smartest bird that I had ever seen.答案：1.where   2.when  3.in  4.where  5.where  6.whose   7.who/whom/that  8.where   9.when  10.which/that語(yǔ)法與寫作1．我想申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位的原因是我想提高我的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平。_______________________________________________________________________________________2．父親從國(guó)外回來的那一天是這個(gè)男孩一生中最幸福的一天。_______________________________________________________________________________________3．畢業(yè)以后，他回到那個(gè)他長(zhǎng)大的小鎮(zhèn)上。_______________________________________________________________________________________4．我還記得我們第一次去上海的那一天。_______________________________________________________________________________________5．我們生活在許多事情可以在電腦上做的時(shí)代。_______________________________________________________________________________________6．你參觀過以英雄名字命名的那個(gè)公園嗎？_______________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.The reason why/for I want to apply for the position is that I want to improve my spoken English.2.The day when/on which his father returned from abroad is the happiest day in the boy's life.3.After graduation he returned to the small town where/in which he grew up．4.I still remember the day when we went to Shanghai for the first time.5.We are living in an age when many things are done on computers.6.Have you visited the park which/that was named after a hero?    

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