
1(T) 2(F)We can remember them clearly. 3(F)He is gd at remembering particular things but des nt have a phtgraphic memry. 4(F)N ne has been prved t have a phtgraphic memry. 5(F)The sharpest lss f memry ccurs during the very early perid after learning. 6(F)Our memry starts t get wrse after the age f 25.
A:Para. 1 B:Para. 3 C:Para. 4 D:Para. 2
Truth and advice 1: _______________________________________________________________Truth and advice 2: _______________________________________________________________Truth and advice 3: ______________________________________________________________Truth and advice 4: _______________________________________________________________
Truth:Our memry reaches its full pwer at the age f 25. Advice:We need t train ur memry t remember mre when we’re lder.
Truth:We remember things that have strng cnnectins in ur mind, especially emtinal cnnectins. Advice:We need t make strng cnnectins with things we want t remember in ur mind,especially emtinal cnnectins.
Truth:Nbdy has a phtgraphic memry. Advice:We need t fcus n the imprtant ideas and be curius abut what we learn when memrising detailed learning materials.
Truth:The sharpest lss f memry ccurs during the very early perid after learning. Advice:We need t review the infr-matin at regular intervals,especially during the first day after learning.
1 Hw has the expert tried t make her statements t each questin cnvincing? What methds has she used and what signal wrds can yu find? 2 Are there any answers given by Jemima Gryaznv that are nt cnvincing t yu?
T make her statements cnvincing the expert used: ? examples:Fr example... ? figures:a famus frgetting curve ? qute:Accrding t... ? numbers:25,200,40...
1 emtinal 2 excitement 3 memrise 4 technique 5 peridically
1 If anybdy has/have any tips fr memrising infrmatin,I wuld like t hear them. 2 Many experts says/say that yu shuld review infrmatin peridically after yu learn it. 3 Each f the students is/are trying ne f these memrising techniques this week. 4 Bth f my English teachers tells/tell me t ask questins t identify the mst imprtant infrmatin I need t remember. 5 Writing infrmatin dwn clearly makes/make it easier fr yu t review it later.
Ⅰ 閱讀理解(根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案) 1. Which f the fllwing statements can’t accunt fr the reasn why we can remember events in ur childhd? A. We remember things that have strng emtinal cnnectins. B. We ften have strng feelings the first time we experience things. C. We retell events t fix experiences in ur memries. D. The brainpwer in ne’s childhd is strnger than that in the yuth. 2. Accrding t the passage,hw can we memrise detailed learning materials? ①fcus n imprtant ideas ②be curius abut what we learn ③learn imprtant infrmatin by heart in the mrning ④ask questins abut what we learn ⑤grup similar ideas r infrmatin A. ①②④ B. ①②④⑤ C. ②③④⑤ D. ②③⑤
3. What implicatin des The Frgetting Curve give us? A. We shuld recite as much as pssible in the early mrning. B. We shuld review what we’ve learnt as much as pssible. C. We shuld review the material peridically. D. We shuld wait t review everything befre exams. 4. At what age des ur memry reach its full pwer? A. 16. B. 25. C. 40. D. 20.
Ⅱ 語法填空(根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容和語法規(guī)則完成短文) We can remember events in ur childhd 1 we ften have strng feelings f fear r 2 ____________( excite). Als,interesting r funny stries are ften tld again and again. As 3____result,we remember them much better. Up t nw,n ne 4___________(prve) that there are peple wh really have phtgraphic memries. When 5____________(memrise)detailed learning materials,we need t fcus 6 the imprtant ideas. Anther 7__________ (effect) technique is t grup similar ideas r infrmatin. 8____________( prevent)us frm the lss f memry,ne glden rule is t review the material 9____________(perid). Our memry reaches its full pwer at the age f 25 and begins t lse 10,000 brain cells every day by the age f 40. By middle age,ur memry is significantly 10 ?。╞ad) than when we were yung.
excitement
peridically
Language pints
核心詞匯教材原句p.58 facts and arrangements 事實(shí)和安排1 arrangement n. 計(jì)劃;安排 make an arrangement/arrangements fr... 為……做安排 搭配arrive at/cme t an arrangement 談妥,達(dá)成協(xié)議by arrangement 通過預(yù)約 If yu want t succeed,yu’d better make arrangements fr the future. 如果你想成功,你最好為未來做好安排。 We are trying t cme t an arrangement abut wh shuld pay legal fees. 我們正試圖達(dá)成一個(gè)關(guān)于誰應(yīng)支付法律費(fèi)用的協(xié)議。
◆詞語積累arrange vt. & vi. 安排,籌劃 arrange t d sth 安排做某事arrange fr sb t d sth 安排某人做某事 My several gd friends arranged ur wedding in the cuntryside. 我的幾個(gè)好朋友在鄉(xiāng)下為我們籌劃了婚禮。The teacher arranged fr him t spend ne day in the lab. 老師安排他在實(shí)驗(yàn)室做了一天實(shí)驗(yàn)。
◆單句語法填空(1) Try t find an (arrange) that meets yur skills s yu can get learning tday. (2) My bss arranged fr me ?。╠iscuss) details with smene frm anther cmpany. (3) They had n time ?。╝rrange) their wn wedding,s they had it rganised by a cmpany. (4)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Special ______________(arrange) have been made fr thse wh have sme difficulty in walking. ◆完成句子 (5) If yu ____________________________________(對(duì)安 排不滿意),yu can put frward yur ideas.
arrangement
t discuss
t arrange
arrangements
are nt satisfied with the arrangements
教材原句p.58 We remember things that have strng cnnectins in ur mind,especially emtinal cnnectins. 我 們會(huì)記住我們的頭腦中有較強(qiáng)聯(lián)系的事情,特別是情感聯(lián)系。2 emtinal adj. 情感上的;情緒上的emtinal harm 情感傷害搭配physical and emtinal well-being 身體和情感上的健康 emtinal stress情緒緊張 She had a lt f emtinal and financial supprt frm her family. 她得到了來自家庭的大量情感和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持?!粼~語積累emtin n. 強(qiáng)烈的情感;情緒;激情 be vercme with emtin 激動(dòng)得不能自持 a mixture f emtins 百感交集 emtinally adv. 情緒上;感情上 As a nurse,I have learnt t cntrl my emtins. 作為一名護(hù)士,我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了控制自己的情感。
◆單句語法填空(1) My family prvides ?。╡mtin) supprt when I feel very painful. (2) My dctr said the prblem was mre ?。╡mtin) than physical. (3) Mr King finished his speech ( emtinal). ◆完成句子(4)What will affect ?。?情感健康) f the children? (5) Hearing the gd news,Paul ?。?dòng)得不能自持). (6) I had ?。?百感交集) and culdn’t help crying.
emtinally
the emtinal health
was vercme with emtin
a mixture f emtins
3 excitement n. 興奮,激動(dòng)t ne’s excitement 令某人興奮的是搭配in/with excitement(= excitedly)興奮地in ne’s excitement 由于激動(dòng),出于興奮 Much t his excitement,he was asked t take charge f the sales department. 令他非常興奮的是,他被要求負(fù)責(zé)銷售部。[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)] The kids lked at these gifts with excitement. 孩子們興奮地看著這些禮物。In his excitement,Henry rushed ut and frgt his cellphne. 由于激動(dòng),亨利急匆匆地跑了出去,他的手機(jī)都忘了帶。 ◆詞語積累 excite vt. 使興奮,使激動(dòng) excited adj. 興奮的,激動(dòng)的exciting adj. 令人興奮的,令人激動(dòng)的Gerge was very excited at the exciting news. 聽到這個(gè)令人興奮的消息,喬治非常激動(dòng)。
◆單句語法填空(1) When seeing his lst sn return hme safe and sund,he culdn’t hide his __________ ( excite). (2) T his great ?。╡xcite),he has been admitted as a member f the schl basketball team. (3) her excitement,she almst fell ff the bike. (4) Everyne is very ?。╡xcite) and they are cming up with very different designs. (5) Guilin is ne f the mst beautiful and (excite) places in China. (6)“I wn first place in the examinatin,Mum,” said Mary in an ?。╡xcite) vice.
教材原句p.58 As a result,we remember them much better, as retelling events helps fix experiences in ur memries. 因此,我們更好地記住了它們,因?yàn)橹厥鍪录椭訌?qiáng)我們對(duì)事件的記憶。4 as a result 作為結(jié)果,因此After he tk charge f the cmpany,the business didn’t lk up. As a result,peple left the cmpany ne after anther. 在他掌管公司之后,生意毫無起色。結(jié)果,大家陸續(xù)離開了公司。[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)] 【歸納拓展】as a result 作為結(jié)果,因此(后接結(jié)果) as a result f 作為……的結(jié)果,由于(后接原因) result in 導(dǎo)致,造成(后接結(jié)果) result frm 由……引起,起因于(后接原因) Prfits have declined as a result f the recent drp in sales. 由于最近銷量滑坡,利潤下降了。[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)] There is n dubt that his drunk driving resulted in the accident. 毫無疑問,他的酒駕導(dǎo)致了這次事故。His illness resulted frm the cld weather. 寒冷的天氣使他生病了。
◆單句語法填空(1) He had sme bad fish. As result, he felt ill this mrning. (2)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]He can’t take part in the sprts meeting as a result his serius injuries in an accident. (3) His laziness resulted his failure; that is t say,his failure resulted his laziness. (4)We are still dealing with prblems resulting errrs made in the past. ◆完成句子 (5) Oliver studied hard last term. ?。ㄒ虼耍?,he made great prgress in his studies. (6) ?。ㄓ捎冢?Ekeblad’s wrk,peple began using ptates t make things like bread and even alchl.
As a result
As a result f
教材原句p.59 In 1885,Hermann Ebbinghaus published a bk called Memry and presented a famus frgetting curve. 1885 年,赫爾曼·艾賓浩斯出版了 《關(guān)于記憶》一書,提出了著名的遺忘曲線。5 publish vt. & vi. 出版;發(fā)表;刊登 publish in English 用英語出版publish under ne’s real name 用真名發(fā)表 Miss Yang has recently published her furth bk. 最近,楊女士出版了她的第四本書。The dictinary was first published mre than a century ag. 這本詞典是在一個(gè)多世紀(jì)前首次出版的。He fund it difficult t get his pems published. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)要把他的詩出版很難?!粼~語積累 publisher n. 出版者 publicatin n. 出版;發(fā)表,公布;出版物publishing n. 出版(業(yè))
◆單句語法填空(1) The bk is said t have been translated int mre than fifty languages since it _____________( publish) in 1945. (2)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]His first nvel ______________(publish) next mnth is based n a true stry. (3) He wrte many children’s bks,nearly half f which ______________ (publish) in the 1990s. (4) Sidney was the leading writer f a study n the findings, ?。╬ublish) in the jurnal Nature. (5) The guide is being translated int several languages fr ?。╬ublish)near Christmas.
was published
t be published
were published
published
教材原句p.59 Accrding t him,the sharpest lss f memry ccurs during the very early perid after learning. 根據(jù)他的說法,最急劇的遺忘出現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)之后的最初階段。6 sharp adj. 急劇的,猛烈的;尖的,鋒利的a sharp increase/decline 急劇增加/ 下降a sharp turn 急轉(zhuǎn)彎sharp teeth/knives 鋒利的牙齒/ 刀子a sharp pain 一陣劇痛be sharp with sb 對(duì)某人嚴(yán)厲;對(duì)某人說話尖刻have a sharp tngue 說話刻薄 The knife is very sharp,s yu’d better be careful while using it. 刀子很鋒利,因此你用時(shí)最好小心點(diǎn)?!粼~語積累 sharply adv. 急劇地;嚴(yán)厲地sharpen vt. 使變鋒利;使提高,使改進(jìn)His health imprved sharply this week. 本周他的健康情況迅速好轉(zhuǎn)。This knife needs sharpening. 這把刀需要磨了。The curse will help yu sharpen yur writing skills. 這門課程將幫助你提高寫作技巧。
◆單句語法填空(1)Stck prices f cmpanies in this area rse (sharp) when the plan was annunced. (2) The prgramme will give yung athletes the chance t ?。╯harp) their skills. (3) When I was late fr wrk this mrning,the bss was sharp me. ◆完成句子(4) On the ther hand, ?。?急劇增長) in turist is creating prblems. (5) Mrs Brwn ?。ㄕf話刻?。瑂 mst f us dn’t like her. (6) Diseases such as cancer,strke and dementia are predicted t cause health care csts in the area t (急劇增長).
a sharp increase
has a sharp tngue
increase sharply
教材原句p.59 At that pint,we can remember up t 200 pieces f infrmatin in a secnd. 在那時(shí),我們可以在一秒鐘內(nèi)記住多達(dá)200 條信息。7 up t 多達(dá);直到;能勝任;正在做(秘密或不該做的事);由…… 決定,是……的義務(wù)up t nw 直到現(xiàn)在,到目前為止搭配be up t sb 由某人決定 it be up t sb t d sth 做某事是某人的義務(wù) Up t 10,000 athletes tk part in the Olympic Games. 多達(dá)10 000 名運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加了奧運(yùn)會(huì)。[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)] Up t nw,we have finished reading ten English nvels. 到目前為止,我們已經(jīng)讀完了十本英文小說。Marty is experienced and up t the psitin. 馬蒂經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富,能勝任這個(gè)職位。What are yu up t in the rm? 你正在房間里做什么? Yu can pay weekly r mnthly—it’s up t yu. 你可以每周或者每月付一次款,你自己決定。It was up t him t make it right, n matter hw lng it tk. 不管需要花多長時(shí)間,把事情擺平是他的義務(wù)。
◆寫出下列句中 up t 的含義(1) I dn’t feel up t the task. ( ) ?。?) He knew Bailey was up t smething. But what? ( ) (3) They stayed there up t 7 days a week. ( )?。?) It is up t yu t make a decisin. ( ) ◆完成句子 (5) Michael is nt really ?。?勝任) the jb as an architect. (6) The children are very quiet. I wnder (他們在搞什么鬼). (7) —What shall we d tnight? ?。ㄓ赡銢Q定). (8) ?。ǖ侥壳盀橹梗?,they have planted ?。ǘ噙_(dá)) 20,000 trees.
what they are up t
It’s up t yu
教材原句p.60 S take it easy. Yu are at a gd age in terms f yur memry. Make gd use f it ! 所以放輕松。在記憶力方面你正處在好的年齡,要充分利用這一點(diǎn)! 8 take it easy 放輕松Take it easy! Dn’t panic! 放輕松!不要驚慌! The dctr tld me t take it easy fr a few weeks. 醫(yī)生叫我休息幾周。【歸納拓展】take things easy 放松;休息;別過分勞累take ne’s time 從容不迫;慢慢來 take apart 拆開;徹底搜查 take dwn 寫下,記錄;取下take in 欺騙;領(lǐng)會(huì);吸收;理解 take n 雇用;呈現(xiàn);承擔(dān)(責(zé)任) take ff 脫下;休假;突然開始成功;起飛take ver 接管;取得對(duì)……的控制take up 占據(jù);開始從事(新工作);對(duì)某事產(chǎn)生興趣There’s n rush—take yur time. 別著急,慢慢來。Dn’t trust that fellw;he will take yu in if he gets the chance. 不要相信那個(gè)家伙,他一有機(jī)會(huì),就會(huì)欺騙你。Wh will take ver the cmpany if Mr Green retires next year? 如果明年格林先生退休,誰將會(huì)接管公司?
◆單句語法填空(1) Take easy,Peter. I’ll help yu ut. (2) Rgers tk painting fr a while, but sn lst interest. (3) China has taken a new lk in the past few years. (4) There are still tw hurs befre ur plane takes ,s take yur time. (5) Dn’t be taken by prducts claiming(聲稱)t help yu t lse weight in a week. (6) Yu needn’t take whatever yur teacher says in class. (7)We tk the cmputer t see what was wrng. (8) Many businesses started up by cllege students have taken thanks t the cmfrtable climate fr business creatin.
it/things
重點(diǎn)句式 教材原句p.58 This is because when we experience things fr the rst time,we ften have strng feelings f fear r excitement. 這是因?yàn)楫?dāng)我們第一次經(jīng)歷事物時(shí),我們常常會(huì)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的恐懼感或者興奮感。 This is because... 這是因?yàn)椤?He didn’t g by bike with me. This is because there was smething wrng with his bike. 他沒和我一起騎自行車,這是因?yàn)樗淖孕熊噳牧??!練w納拓展】This/It/That is because... 這/ 那是因?yàn)椤╞ecause 引導(dǎo)表語從句, 后接原因) This/It/That is why... 這/ 那就是為什么……(why 引導(dǎo)表語從句, 后接結(jié)果) The reasn (why...) is that... (……的)原因是……(why 引導(dǎo)定語從句,that 引導(dǎo)表語從句) His right ft was injured. That’s why he had t drp ut f the Olympic Games. 他的右腳受了傷,那就是他退出奧運(yùn)會(huì)的原因。The reasn why he wasn’t chsen t be the captain f the team was that he lacked the spirit f teamwrk. 他沒有被選中當(dāng)隊(duì)長的原因是他缺乏團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神。
◆單句語法填空(1)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]It is reprted that a huge percentage f bird species are in danger. It’s _________their habitats r hmelands are disappearing. (2) Mary is a humrus and warm-hearted wman and that is she is the mst ppular persn in her cmmunity. (3) The real reasn why I dn’t have a hbby is I dn’t have time. (4) The famus player tried again and again after each failure. That’s he succeeded at last. ◆完成句子 (5) Frm space,the Earth lks blue. (這是因?yàn)椋?abut seventy-ne percent f its surface is cvered by water. (6) He gt up late. (這就是為什么) he was late fr schl.
This is because
This is why
完成“綜合練·提升能力”中的題目
單元語法 主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。主謂一致主要有三個(gè)原則:語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致 原則。1 語法一致原則語法一致原則是指主語和謂語在語法形式上保持一致。通常情況下,主語是單數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。( 1)不可數(shù)名詞/ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ 單數(shù)謂語; 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 復(fù)數(shù)謂語。All the furniture in this rm is new. 這個(gè)房間里所有的家具都是新的。A by is playing basketball n the playgrund. 一個(gè)男孩正在操場上打籃球。Sme bys are playing basketball n the playgrund. 一些男孩正在操場上打籃球。(2)單個(gè)的不定式(短語)、動(dòng)名詞(短語)或從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Walking in space is really a difficult task. 太空行走確實(shí)是一項(xiàng)非常困難的任務(wù)。yyWhat caused the accident is a cmplete mystery. 是什么導(dǎo)致了這次事故完全是個(gè)謎。
【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】當(dāng) what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。What his parents left him are a few bks. 他的父母留給他一些書。 ( 3)主語后跟with,tgether with,alng with,like,in additin t,as well as,including,rather than,besides,except,but 等連接的詞語時(shí), 謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語保持一致。Carl,as well as his parents,ges swimming every Sunday. 卡爾和他的父母每個(gè)星期天都去游泳。( 4)不定代詞each,either,neither 及由sme-,any-,n-,every- 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞后跟單數(shù)謂語。each... and(each)...,every... and(every)...,n... and(n)... + 單數(shù)謂語。Each f the students has a dictinary. 每個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本詞典。Each by and each girl is asked t wear unifrms. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都被要求穿校服。(5)many a/mre than ne + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) + 單數(shù)謂語。Many a student is fr the decisin. 許多學(xué)生都支持這個(gè)決定。(6)ne f + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 單數(shù)謂語。One f the students cmes frm the US. 其中一個(gè)學(xué)生來自美國。
【誤區(qū)警示】①ne f + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 定語從句(復(fù)數(shù)謂語) He is ne f the students wh have been t Eurpe. 他是去過歐洲的學(xué)生之一。②the nly/the very ne f + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 定語從句(單數(shù)謂語) He is the nly ne f the students wh has been t Eurpe. 他是那些學(xué)生中唯一一個(gè)去過歐洲的。(7)trusers,pants,shes,glasses,scissrs 等 + 復(fù)數(shù)謂語。說明:當(dāng)這類名詞前有 pair 修飾時(shí),要根據(jù) pair 的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。His trusers are t lng. 他的褲子太長了。A pair f trusers is hanging behind the dr. 一條褲子正掛在門后。
◆單句語法填空 (1) The news he tld me yesterday ?。?be) true. (2) All the students ?。╞e) interested in his subject and listen attentively. (3) T cmplete the lngest sea-bridge ( be) a great achievement. (4)What he said ?。╞e) true and what we badly need (be) gd teachers. (5) Referring t the dictinary ?。╞e) a gd habit in English learning. (6) Steve,tgether with his wife, ( mve) ff tnight. (7) The teacher as well as the students ( like) this painting.
(8) Believe it r nt,everyne here ( have) a gift fr music. (9) Each teacher and each student ( give) a ticket yesterday. (10)N teacher and n student ?。╨isten) t the lecture nw. (11)Many a student ?。╞e)n the spt when the accident happened. (12)Mre than ne persn ?。╞e) against the prpsal. (13)One f the students in ur class ?。?be) a Canadian. (14)He is ne f the students wh ( be) fnd f cuntry music.
is listening
(15)He is the nly ne f the students wh ?。╤ave)a gift fr dancing. (16)Her glasses bught in the supermarket ?。╞e) new. (17)This pair f scissrs ?。╞elng) t the tailr. (18)The famus directr,as well as sme actrs, ?。╥nvite) t the film festival last weekend. (19)Tm is the very ne f the students in ur class wh ?。╤ave) blue eyes. (20)N teachers and n students ( tell) nt t get clse t the lake s far.
was invited
has been tld
2 意義一致原則 意義一致原則是指從意義層面來解決主謂一致問題。有時(shí)主語形式上是單數(shù),但表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義,那么謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而有時(shí)主語形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但表達(dá)單數(shù)意義,那么謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。( 1)集體名詞(表整體概念)+ 單數(shù)謂語;集體名詞(強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體成員)+ 復(fù)數(shù)謂語。常見的集體名詞有 army,audience,class,club, cmmittee(委員會(huì)),cmpany,crwd,family,grup,gvernment, rganisatin,party,ppulatin,public,team 等。Our class is a united ne. 我們班是一個(gè)團(tuán)結(jié)的班。Our class wrk hard every day. 我們班的學(xué)生每天都努力學(xué)習(xí)。【誤區(qū)警示】①有生命的集體名詞(peple,plice,cattle 等) + 復(fù)數(shù)謂語。The plice are lking fr the cause f the accident. 警方正在尋找事故的原因。②無生命的集體名詞(clthing,equipment,furniture,jewellery, machinery,scenery 等)+ 單數(shù)謂語。The latest equipment is very expensive. 最新的設(shè)備非常昂貴。
( 2)由 and 或 bth... and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞后跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語。但當(dāng) and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞在意義上指同一個(gè)人或事物時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。這時(shí) and 后的名詞前不加冠詞。He and his sn want t g t Beijing fr their hlidays next week. 他和他的兒子下周想去北京度假。The famus writer and pet has given us a talk twice. 這位著名的作家兼詩人已經(jīng)給我們做了兩次報(bào)告。(3)“all/mst/half/plenty/sme/the rest + f + 名詞 / 代詞”或“分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù) + f + 名詞 / 代詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常與 f 后的名詞或代詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。Half f the bks are written in English. 一半的書是用英語寫的。Half f the infrmatin is false. 一半的信息是錯(cuò)誤的。The rest f the bks are in my ffice. 剩下的書在我的辦公室里。The rest f the mney was given t his mther. 剩余的錢都給了他的母親。
【誤區(qū)警示】當(dāng) all,mst,half,plenty,sme,the rest 等單獨(dú)作主語時(shí),主謂一致要遵循意義一致原則,即根據(jù)所表示的單復(fù)數(shù)意義確定謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。All was silent.萬籟俱寂。All were silent.大家都沉默著。(4)a number f + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 復(fù)數(shù)謂語; the number f + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 單數(shù)謂語。At present,a large number f freigners are learning Chinese. 目前,大量的外國人正在學(xué)習(xí)漢語。The number f freigners learning Chinese is large. 學(xué)漢語的外國人數(shù)量很大。(5)nne(指代可數(shù)名詞) + 單數(shù) / 復(fù)數(shù)謂語;nne(指代不可數(shù)名 詞)+ 單數(shù)謂語。We have three sns but nne f them lives/live nearby. 我們有三個(gè)兒子,但他們都不住在附近。Nne f the mney is mine. 這些錢都不是我的。(6)表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞(看作整體)+單數(shù)謂語。Eight hurs f sleep is enugh fr these children. 八個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠對(duì)這些孩子來說足夠了。(7)以 -s 結(jié)尾的書刊名、組織名、國家名以及以 -ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名 + 單數(shù)謂語。The United States is made up f fifty states. 美國由50 個(gè)州組成。
【誤區(qū)警示】以 -s 結(jié)尾的群島、瀑布、山脈等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Alps are a place where peple can enjy beautiful scenery. 阿爾卑斯山是一個(gè)人們能欣賞到美景的地方。 (8)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)意義確定。常見的這類詞有 sheep,deer,fish,crssrads,means,series, species,wrks(工廠)等。A sheep is grazing under the tree.一只羊正在樹下吃草。Several sheep are grazing under the tree.幾只羊正在樹下吃草。(9)“the + 形容詞 / 分詞”表示一類人時(shí),后跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語;表示某個(gè)人或抽象概念時(shí),后跟單數(shù)謂語。The pr are badly in need f help. 窮人非常需要幫助。The beautiful is lved by everyne. 美的東西大家都喜歡。
◆單句語法填空(1) The class (study)English nw. (2) My family ?。╞e)all music lvers. (3) The plice ?。╨k)int the accident nw. (4)Warm clthing ?。╞e)necessary in cld climates. (5) All the furniture _______________________________(mve)t anther rm. (6) Bread and butter (be)what we usually have fr breakfast. (7) Bth Mark and his parents ?。╯it) in the shade f a tree at that time. (8) The singer and dancer ?。╳elcme) warmly by the lcal peple. (9) Prfessr James will give us a lecture n Western culture,but when and where ?。╤ave) nt been decided yet. (10) A number f reasns (lead)t the change f climate.
are studying
are lking
has been mved/was mved
were sitting
is welcmed
(11)The number f peple invited ( be) fifty,but a number f them __________( be)absent fr different reasns. (12)Tw-thirds f the wrkers (be) wmen here. (13)Abut seventy-ne percent f the Earth’s surface ?。╟ver) by water. (14)Twenty years (be) a lng time. (15)Twenty-five dllars (be)t little t pay fr that shirt. (16)Every pssible means ______________(try). (17)All pssible means ________________(try). (18)Mathematics ?。╯eem) t be difficult t him. (19)Nne f my children (have) blnde hair. (20)Nne f the water frm Lake Pwell ( use) t irrigate the area.
has been tried
have been tried
◆完成句子(21)The rest f the mney (被鎖在保險(xiǎn)箱里). (22)Fifty percent f the students ?。ㄍㄟ^了這次考試). (23)All wh were present ( 都沉默著). (24)The United Natins ?。ㄊ且粋€(gè)世界性組織). (25)The Niagara Falls (是最著名的瀑布之一) in the wrld. (26)The rich ?。ㄙ澇桑?the decisin but the pr _____________(反對(duì)) it. (27)Everyne agrees the beautiful ?。ú⒉豢偸怯杏玫模?
is lcked in the safe
have passed the exam
were silent
is a wrld rganisatin
are ne f the mst famus waterfalls
are against
is nt always useful
3 就近一致原則就近一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。( 1)由 r,,nr,,,nt als... 等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。Either yu r yur brther is sent t Shanghai t set up a cmpany. 要么你要么你的哥哥被派往上海成立一家公司。(2)there be 句型中,be 動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與最靠近它的名詞保持一致。There is a table and fur chairs in the rm. 房間里有一張桌子和四把椅子。There are sme bks and a pen n the table. 桌子上有一些書和一支鋼筆。
◆單句語法填空(1) Neither the students nr the teacher ?。?knw) the reasn why she behaved strangely. (2) Nt nly I but als he (lk) dwn upn thse wh always rely n thers. (3) Nt yu but yur father ?。╞e) t blame. (4) There ?。╞e)a pen,tw pencils and three bks n the desk. (5) There ?。╞e)six bys and ne girl n the playgrund.
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