考點分析
完形填空是英語考試中一項重要的考查內容。完形填空也是一種綜合能力測試題，是對學生語法、詞匯、句型、閱讀能力、理解能力和邏輯推理能力的一種多方位的檢測。按照考試大綱要求，通常在一篇200詞左右的難度適中的文章中留出10個空白，要求學生從所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出一個最佳答案，使補足的短文意思通順、結構完整。
綜觀各地往年中考真題，記敘文居多，而且近年中考中記敘文所占比例超過50%，預測2023年中考完形填空也會以記敘文為主，側重考查實詞和對上下文語境、邏輯的理解。
二、考試內容
完形填空考題要求考生在閱讀過一篇不完整的文章后，能根據(jù)上下文意思，在所給的選項中選擇最佳答案。其考查點有：
1. 能夠掌握足夠的詞匯量，正確運用詞類和詞語的正確搭配。包括名詞、代詞、冠詞、動詞等詞類和短語等。
2. 基礎語法知識。包括句法、固定搭配、句型、詞語加慣用法、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主從復合句等。
3. 還應具有一定的語言運用能力、閱讀能力、理解能力、綜合分析能力和邏輯判斷能力。
= 1 \* GB3 ① 以語篇為載體，測試語言知識和語言能力。試題既考查學生對短文的整體理解能力，也考查學生運用語法知識、詞匯知識的能力以及對事物的邏輯推理、分析判斷能力。
= 2 \* GB3 ② 以意義填空為主。試題在著重考查考生閱讀理解能力的前提下，兼顧對語言知識、常識、邏輯推理能力的考查。
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 降低對單詞本身詞義的考查要求，注重考查對全文意義的理解。中考完形填空備選項中所涉及的詞匯基本上都是常見的初級詞匯。
= 4 \* GB3 ④ 考點分布符合考查目的。試題以名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等信息詞匯為考查重點，淡化對介詞、連詞、冠詞等結構詞的考查，以檢測學生在具體情境中靈活運用所學知識的能力。
= 5 \* GB3 ⑤有的采用主觀試題形式。有些完形填空題全部舍棄了學生們平時接觸較多的＂四選一＂形式，而改之以＂自由完形填空＂形式，除了要求填入單詞外，有的還設置了要求填入詞組或短語的空格。
三、命題特點
1. 選文特點：
= 1 \* GB3 ① 以敘述文體的小故事為主；
= 2 \* GB3 ② 篇幅一般在200~300詞之間；
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 難度略低于閱讀理解中的短文；
= 4 \* GB3 ④ 所選短文語言地道、純正，結構嚴謹，層次分明，邏輯性強。
2. 設空特點
① 首句通常不挖空，以便考生對短文前提和背景有個較清楚的了解，從而使考生盡快熟悉語境、推測文章大意。
② 短文設空平均密度為10—20個單詞設一個空。
3. 選項特點
① 每個小題所給的四個選項一般都屬于同一詞性，語意范疇相同。長短相宜，避免了對答案的明顯暗示，彼此之間也不會出現(xiàn)相互包容的情況。偶爾有個別小題的四個選項的詞性不同，但其語法功能大都一樣。
② 單從語法角度，甚至從某一句的角度來看，干擾項都可以和空前或空后的文字形成某種搭配，從而形成一定的干擾或起到迷惑作用。
= 3 \* GB3 ③ 選項使用詞匯沒有重復，盡可能增加考查內容的覆蓋面。
4. 考查特點
近幾年的完形填空題主要考查考生對上下文的理解，要求考生通過語境來作出選擇。＂語境能力型＂試題具有一定難度，因為所給的四個選項往往在語法方面都能成立，錯誤選項多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某種搭配，極具干擾和迷惑作用。
5. 難處暗示特點
完形填空的短文有時因為行文的需要，出現(xiàn)了對考生來說較難理解的背景，或者有時是命題者為了有意識地控制完形填空的難度等原因，往往會在短文的適當之處安排暗示。但這種暗示多為后面暗示前面，也就是說前面的某些空從當時的情況來看，或是線索不清，或是語境不明，無法填出，但只要繼續(xù)往后看，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)此空在文章后面的某個地方有暗示。
知識梳理
記敘文類完形填空解題技巧
一、解題步驟
二、解題方法
1. 詞語搭配法：根據(jù)詞語的習慣搭配來確定正確答案。
2. 語法判斷法：通過語法分析來選擇正確答案。若選項是名詞，應根據(jù)上下文確定該名詞的單復數(shù)以及是否用所有格等；若選項是動詞，應考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、搭配及非謂語形式等。
3. 語境分析法：根據(jù)上下文的具體語境，利用所學知識和平時積累的生活常識等，選出最符合情景的選項。
4. 對比排除法：有時對于一些難選的空，可以試著將各個選項逐一代入空處，然后進行綜合比較，從而選出最恰當?shù)拇鸢浮?br>三、滿分技巧
1. 了解記敘文的六要素。
記敘文，無論是記人還是敘事，都會交代清楚時間、地點、人物、事件、經(jīng)過和結果，即記敘文的＂六要素＂。弄清了這六個要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。
2. 明確作者的寫作目的。
就事論事一般來說不是作者記敘的目的，作者往往通過敘述闡明一個道理。作者總是為了某個目的，在情節(jié)選擇和細節(jié)描寫上作出合理的安排。讀者明晰了寫作目的，就能抓住文章的主題。
3. 讀懂作者的觀點或態(tài)度。
解題時要認真分析全文，看作者是否一直采用某種態(tài)度敘事或描述人。為了增加試題難度，命題人往往采用變化的形式，考生只有在語境的指導下，對文章進行準確地邏輯推斷，才能推測出文字之下的深層信息。
4. 弄清作者敘述的視角。
弄清文章是以第幾人稱的視角展開記敘的。通常英語記敘文展開記敘的視角有兩個：第一人稱和第三人稱。用第一人稱就是從＂參與者＂的角度進行記敘，讀者可從字里行間感受到作者的態(tài)度和感情。用第三人稱就是以＂觀察者＂的身份展開敘述，作者的語氣客觀，與讀者保持一定距離，讀者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的寫作角度有助于我們抓住作者的思維，深入理解文章的意義，把握好語境。
三年中考真題
A
（2020·青海西寧·中考真題）
What’s the meaning f life? This is a questin we all ask ___1___ all the time. The best answer was “The meaning f life is t give life meaning.”
When I was a by, I gave my life meaning by ___2___ playing, swimming, laughing and riding my bike.
When I went t schl, I gave my life meaning by studying hard and trying t make my mm and dad ___3___.
When I was a teenager, I fund meaning in playing sprts, ___4___ ut with my friends.
In cllege, I fund my life meaning by deciding what I wanted t study and what I wuld ___5___ fr my dream jb.
When I was wrking as a teacher, I fund meaning in helping students pen their minds and make their lives full f ___6___.
When I married and had kids, I fund meaning in prtecting and watching ver thse I lved. When I fund ut ___7___ f my sns have mental illness, my heart was brken int pieces, but I fund meaning in lving them and ___8___ them.
___9___ I grw lder, I begin t understand meaning isn’t smething that cmes and ges. We can give meaning t every mment f ur life. All we have t d is t ___10___ everything and everybdy we have.
It is lve that makes ur lives mre valuable and meaningful.
1．A．urselvesB．ursC．urD．we
2．A．exactlyB．simplyC．widelyD．quickly
3．A．angryB．seriusC．prudD．praise
4．A．hangingB．bringingC．givingD．taking
5．A．payB．prepareC．thankD．wait
6．A．wisdmB．wealthC．healthD．advice
7．A．neitherB．eitherC．bthD．nne
8．A．grwing upB．caring frC．taking afterD．lking like
9．A．AsB．UnlessC．IfD．Hwever
10．A．feelB．lveC．tuchD．mve
B
（2021·遼寧沈陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
Billy’s mm had been asking him t clean the attic(小閣樓) fr mnths. One Saturday, Billy was bred and decided it was _____11_____ t get the jb dne. He walked up the dirty stairs, _____12_____ the ld dr, and gt right t wrk.
As Billy lked thrugh bxes, walked thrugh papers _____13_____ did sme cleaning, he fund all kinds f little treasures. He fund ld tys, many bks and funny pictures f his parents. The pictures were taken _____14_____ they were yunger. Billy fund sme f his wn tys and clthes frm when he was much _____15_____. He smiled. The attic certainly had lts f stries t _____16_____ abut his family.
A small wden bx, lying in the far cmer f the attic, caught Billy’s _____17_____. He went ver and pened it. In it he fund sme ld papers. One lked like a _____18_____. He tk it ut. As he lked _____19_____ at it, Billy discvered that the map shwed a huse—his huse! Then Billy searched fr where the map ______20______, and realized it was t his wn bedrm!
He ran back dwn the stairs with the map ______21______ his hand. He was very excited nw and sped int his rm t find what he was sure wuld be a wnderful surprise. As he pened the dr t his rm, he smelled his ______22______ thing in the wrld: banana nut cakes. There, n the cmer f his desk, was a plate f warm cakes and a tall glass f cld milk. Beside the plate was a ______23______ frm his mm. “Thank yu fr ______24______ the attic,” it said. “I hpe yu enjy this little ______25______ , t! Lve, Mm.”
11．A．chanceB．timeC．turnD．chice
12．A．lckedB．clsedC．penedD．painted
13．A．rB．butC．sD．and
14．A．whenB．thughC．becauseD．hw
15．A．lderB．tallerC．slwerD．yunger
16．A．tellB．careC．wrryD．think
17．A．armB．eyeC．earD．leg
18．A．cardB．letterC．mapD．pht
19．A．sadlyB．clselyC．carelesslyD．prudly
20．A．put upB．set ffC．led tD．tk away
21．A．byB．underC．inD．f
22．A．favuriteB．imprtantC．interestingD．ppular
23．A．pictureB．bkC．diaryD．nte
24．A．cleaningB．emptyingC．buildingD．searching
25．A．tyB．treasureC．bananaD．desk
C
（2022·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
Once upn a time, there was a little sparrw. This sparrw was always n the hunt fr smething t eat and ne day he happened upn a big bean. But befre he culd ____26____ it, he had t wash his hands. He hid the bean n a bridge and flew dwn t the ____27____ belw t clean up.
“I just can’t wait fr my wnderful ____28____,” the sparrw said t himself. Then he ____29____ his way back up t the bridge. “I wn’t have t wrk fr a week!” But when he gt back t his ____30____ place, the bean was gne!
As the sparrw flew arund lking fr his lst treasure, he saw a ____31____ cming ver the bridge. “____32____ , can yu help me find my bean?” the sparrw asked. “Please, d I lk like I have time t find a tiny bean? Find it ____33____ ,” said the farmer as he walked away.
Next, the sparrw saw a sldier cming ver the bridge. He asked the sldier the ____34____ questin. “Please, little bird, I have n time fr yu,” he said and walked n. Then a minister（大臣）came walking by, but ____35____ the sparrw culd even ask, he laughed and walked away. The little bird had ____36____ given up hpe, when the king came up the bridge, riding n an elephant. The sparrw repeated his questin, but the king didn’t ____37____ him. The sparrw sat n the bridge, hungry and sad.
An ant came by. After he heard the sparrw’s stry, he went up t the elephant. “Tell the king t find that pr bird’s ____38____ , r I will g inside yur ear and bite yu!” The elephant stpped, turned t the king and said, “G help that sparrw, r I will thrw yu ff.” The king was ____39____ . He called the minister ver and the minister rdered the sldier. Then the sldier went ver t the farmer, “Find that bird’s bean, r I’ll kick yu ff this bridge!” The farmer ____40____ all day and as the sun was setting, he finally fund the bean. The sparrw was thankful, and he ate well fr the next week.
26．A．plantB．sellC．drpD．eat
27．A．hillB．riverC．treeD．frest
28．A．breakfastB．lunchC．supperD．dinner
29．A．lstB．feltC．madeD．fught
30．A．sleepingB．playingC．wrkingD．hiding
31．A．farmerB．sldierC．ministerD．king
32．A．Thank yuB．Excuse meC．I’m srryD．Cme n
33．A．myselfB．herselfC．yurselfD．himself
34．A．sameB．differentC．ppsiteD．cmmn
35．A．whileB．afterC．befreD．until
36．A．againB．almstC．alreadyD．always
37．A．get n withB．catch up withC．take ntice fD．think highly f
38．A．meatB．drinkC．fruitD．fd
39．A．scaredB．satisfiedC．excitedD．bred
40．A．regrettedB．thughtC．waitedD．searched
兩年模擬演練
A
（2021·湖南長沙·長沙市開福區(qū)青竹湖湘一外國語學校?？既＃?br>閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C三個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
An ld man lived in a village. He was ne f the ___41___ peple in the wrld. He was always cmplaining (抱怨) abut things in his daily life. When peple tried t ___42___ the ld man, he wuld rudely drive them away. Peple gradually stayed away frm him ___43___ he made the rest f the village feel unhappy as well.
But ne day — the day he turned 80 years ld, a(n) ___44___ thing happened. The villagers said amng ___45___: “The ld man is different tday. We haven’t heard any cmplaints. He is ___46___ and his face lks kind.”
One f the villagers asked the ld man, “What happened t yu?”
“Nthing special has happened, in fact,” the ld man said. “Fr 80 years, I’ve been lking fr happiness, but it was n ___47___. And then I decided t live ___48___ lking fr happiness and just enjy the life at the mment. That’s why I’m happy nw.”
It is imprtant t realize that yur md (心情) can have a great ___49___ n thse peple arund yu. Everyne has bad days smetimes. If smene tries t help yu, dn’t be implite t them. Just try t accept their help. At the same time, ___50___ find happiness nly frm the utside, but lk within — enjy everything yu have gt.
41．A．rudestB．cleverestC．shyest
42．A．give upB．take upC．cheer up
43．A．butB．becauseC．if
44．A．unusualB．necessaryC．imprtant
45．A．himselfB．themselvesC．yurselves
46．A．shutingB．smilingC．sleeping
47．A．useB．chiceC．idea
48．A．inB．withutC．by
49．A．effrtB．successC．influence
50．A．neverB．ftenC．smetimes
B
（2021·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考三模）
Denny Crk was a famus phtgrapher (攝影師). He traveled all ver the wrld, taking pictures fr magazines and newspapers, and wn many prizes.
“I’ll d anything t get a gd pht,” he ften said. “I’ll g anywhere at any time, even if it is ____51____.”
And he tld the ____52____. He had phts f earthquakes, frest fires, flds and even wars. If smething interesting happened. Denny went t pht it.
He was a married man and his wife ften asked him t take her with him, but he always ____53____. “I’ll travel fr my wrk, nt fr ____54____,” he tld her. “Yu wn’t enjy yurself, and I wn’t have ____55____ t lk after yu. Smetimes there’s nt even anywhere t ____56____, and I have t sleep utside. I ften dn’t have a gd ____57____ r a bath fr days. Yu wn’t like it.”
“Denny, I’m nt a child,” his wife didn’t ____58____. “I can lk after myself. Please take me with yu the next time yu g verseas.”
Denny did nt say anything, but he ____59____ abut it, and when he was asked t g t Africa, he said t his wife, “Yu can g t Africa with me if yu want t. I’ll take phts f wild ____60____ there. It shuld be interesting and nt t uncmfrtable.”
His wife was very ____61____, and at first she had a very enjyable time.
Then Denny went ff t ____62____ sme lins t pht. His wife went with him, but befre lng they became separated (分開). She walked dwn ne path while he walked dwn the ther.
Suddenly, Denny heard her ____63____. He ran back and saw her running tward him. A huge lin was running after her.
Quickly Denny tk his camera ut f its case and ____64____ it at his wife and the lin.
Then he shuted, “____65____, wman! I can’t get yu bth in the picture!”
51．A．dangerusB．impssibleC．cnvenient
52．A．lieB．truthC．news
53．A．allwedB．jkedC．refused
54．A．luckB．prizeC．pleasure
55．A．mneyB．timeC．ability
56．A．stayB．wrkC．shp
57．A．picnicB．mealC．rm
58．A．agreeB．understandC．cmplain
59．A．wrriedB．frgtC．thught
60．A．landB．flwersC．animals
61．A．prudB．excitedC．surprised
62．A．findB．feedC．sht
63．A．singingB．cryingC．laughing
64．A．pintedB．threwC．shwed
65．A．Hurry upB．Lk utC．Slw dwn
1. 跳過空格，通讀全文，把握大意。
2. 結合選項，綜合考慮，初定答案。
3. 瞻前顧后，先易后難，各個擊破。
4. 復讀全文，逐空驗證，彌補疏漏。

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