【中考一輪復習】2023年中考英語復習學案——第十二講被動語態(tài)（原卷版+解析版）-學案下載-教習網(wǎng)

考點分析
被動語態(tài)是歷年來中考的考點之一。在備考被動語態(tài)時，我們一定要徹底地弄明白，英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。巧記為：主動、主動、主去動。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。巧記為：被動、被動、主被動。主動態(tài)和被動態(tài)指的是動詞形式，是詞法概念;而主動句和被動句則指的是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，是句法概念。所謂主動句就是由主動態(tài)動詞(詞組)作謂語動詞的句子，而被動句則是由被動態(tài)動詞(詞組)作謂語動詞的句子。被動語態(tài)的考題一般出現(xiàn)在單線選擇、完型填空和句型轉(zhuǎn)換中。
知識梳理
一、語態(tài)概述
英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。巧記為：主動、主動、主去動。例如：Many peple speak English.謂語：speak的動作是由主語many peple來執(zhí)行的。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。巧記為：被動、被動、主被動。例如：English is spken by many peple.主語English是動詞speak的承受者。
主動態(tài)和被動態(tài)指的是動詞形式，是詞法概念;而主動句和被動句則指的是句子結(jié)構(gòu)，是句法概念。所謂主動句就是由主動態(tài)動詞(詞組)作謂語動詞的句子，而被動句則是由被動態(tài)動詞(詞組)作謂語動詞的句子。例如：He pened the dr.他開了門。(主動句)The dr was pened.門被開了。(被動句)
二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be的變化表現(xiàn)出來的?，F(xiàn)以teach為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構(gòu)成。
一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+taught
一般過去時：was/were+taught
一般將來時：will/shall be+taught
現(xiàn)在進行時：am/is/are being+taught
過去進行時：have/has been+taught
現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has been+taught
歌訣是：被動語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面。
三、被動語態(tài)的用法
(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。
例如：Sme new cmputers were stlen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的)
(2)強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。
例如：the windw was brken by Mike.窗戶是邁克打破的。
This bk was written by him.這本書是他寫的。
歌訣：誰做的動作不知道，說出誰做的沒有必要;動作承受者需強調(diào)，被動語態(tài)運用到。
四、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法
(1)把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。
(2)把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be+過去分詞)
(3)把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：
All the peple laughed at him. He was laughed at by all peple.
They make the bikes in the factry. The bikes are made?by them?in the factry.
歌訣是：賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟。謂語動詞變被動，be后“過分”來使用。
五、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，原來帶t的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后“t”仍要保留。
歌訣是：情態(tài)動詞變動，情態(tài)加be加“過分”，原來帶t要保留。例如：
We can repair this watch in tw days. This watch can be repaired in tw days.
Yu ught t take it away. It ught t be taken away.
(根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式)。
六、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)需要注意的幾個問題：
①“動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”改為被動時,可以用間接賓語做被動句的主語。
如：His teacher gave him a dictinary.→He was given a dictinary by his teacher.(老師給他一本字典→他得到老師一本字典)也可以用直接賓語做被動句的主語,但是需用t或者fr引出原句的間接賓語。如：His teacher gave him a dictinary.→A dictinary was given t him by his teacher.(老師給他一本字典→一本字典由老師送給了他)His father made him a kite.→A kite was made fr him by his father.(他的父親給他做了一個風箏→一個風箏由他的父親做給了他)
②“動詞+賓語+動詞原形”改為被動時,動詞原形前要加t.如：The bss made the pr man wrk 12 hurs a day.→The pr man was made t wrk 12 hurs a day.(老板讓這個可憐的人一天工作12小時→這個可憐人被迫一天工作12小時)
③“動詞+…+介詞”改為被動時,介詞一般在原位不動。如：The girl takes gd care f her little brther.→The girl’s little brther is taken gd care f by her.(女孩照顧小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顧著)
④“be+過去分詞”未必表示被動語態(tài),而可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
He is pleased / wrried / tired /…….(系表)(他高興/焦慮/疲勞……)
He was hit / kncked dwn / tld / sht / .(被動)(他被擊中/撞倒/關(guān)照/射中……)
句型轉(zhuǎn)換中主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法：
在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)我們一定要按“一變二套三注意”
一變變主動為被動或變被動為主動時，把原句的主語和賓語互換，注意被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成“be + 過去分詞”。
如：We grew a tree yesterday. →A tree was grwn yesterday by us.
二套被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“be + 過去分詞”。在不同的時態(tài)中，過去分詞保持不變，而be動詞隨著時態(tài)有不同的變化，如：am/ is/ are（一般現(xiàn)在時）；was/ were （一般過去時）；have/ has been( 現(xiàn)在完成時)；am/ is/are being （現(xiàn)在進行時）等。若含有情態(tài)動詞，則用“情態(tài)動詞+ be + 過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：The flwers are being watered by them. 他們正在澆花。
The plan has been fund by me. 鋼筆已經(jīng)被我找到了。
Hmewrk must be finished first. 必須要先完成作業(yè)。
三注意
① 句中含有雙賓語如give/ buy sb sth 時，一般要把間接賓語（sb）變成被動句的主語，若將直接賓語( sth ) 變成主語，則在間接賓語前加上介詞t或fr。常用t的介詞有g(shù)ive, shw, pass, hand, lend, send 等；常用介詞fr 的動詞有brrw, buy, make 等。
如：The eraser was passed t me at last. 最后，橡皮被傳遞給了我。
A new ty was bught fr me as my birthday present by him.
他給我買了一個玩具，作為我的生日禮物。
② 主動句中，謂語是含有介詞或副詞的動詞短語，變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，介詞或副詞不能省略。常見的詞組有l(wèi)isten t, take care f, pay attentin t 等。
如：We ften talk with the ld plitely. →The ld are ften talked with plitely by us.
③ 主動句中作賓補的不帶t的動詞不定式，變被動時要加上t.常見的詞組有hear/ see sb d sth, make sb d sth 等。
如：we make the by stand utside.→The by was made t stand by us.
三年中考真題
1．（2020·甘肅蘭州·中考真題）My advice n learning English ________.
A．a(chǎn)cceptedB．is acceptedC．a(chǎn)cceptsD．a(chǎn)re accepted
2．（2020·遼寧大連·中考真題）If the rivers __________, farmers can’t use the water fr their crps.
A．pllutedB．were pllutedC．a(chǎn)re pllutingD．a(chǎn)re plluted
3．（2020·湖南湘潭·中考真題）Chinese tea is very ppular, and it ________ t many different parts f the wrld.
A．is sentB．sendsC．has sent
4．（2020·內(nèi)蒙古·統(tǒng)考中考真題）It is reprted that the new rbt ________ by a middle schl student three years ag.
A．inventedB．inventsC．was inventedD．is invented
5．（2020·廣西賀州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Yur hmewrk must be ________ this mrning, r yu can’t hand it in n time.
A．finishB．finishedC．finishesD．finishing
6．（2020·遼寧朝陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）A new high-speed railway statin ________ in ur city next year.
A．will be cmpletedB．cmpletesC．is cmpletedD．will cmplete
7．（2020·山東濟南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）The Tky 2020 Olympics ________ because f COVID-19 a few mnths ag.
A．were put ffB．will put ff
C．a(chǎn)re putting fD．a(chǎn)re put
8．（2020·四川巴中·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Gina went t the dctr’s yesterday and she ________ t take medicine n time.
A．tldB．is tldC．was tldD．has tld
9．（2020·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題）The last BeiDu navigatin satellite(北斗導航衛(wèi)星) __________successfully last mnth.
A．was sent upB．sent upC．has sent up
10．（2020·廣西百色·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Mre trees _____________every year t make ur city greener.
A．is plantedB．a(chǎn)re plantedC．was plantedD．were planted
11．（2021·貴州黔西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Mre trees need t be planted in the nrthwest f China
—Yes. With enugh trees, sandstrms（沙塵暴）culd ________.
A．prtectB．be prtectedC．stpD．be stpped
12．（2021·四川資陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Tianwen 1 ________ int space last year and landed successfully n Mars recently.
A．sentB．is sentC．was sentD．had sent
13．（2021·江蘇徐州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhu in September 2022. I can’t wait!
A．were heldB．will be heldC．have heldD．a(chǎn)re held
14．（2021·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·統(tǒng)考中考真題）In the year f 2020, each f us ________ by the peple like Zhng Nanshan and Li Lanjuan wh taught us hw t fight against the difficulties in life with a strng will.
A．were greatly encuragedB．greatly encurages
C．greatly encuragedD．was greatly encuraged
15．（2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Mre dinsaur fssils(化石), including ftprints, bnes r eggs, culd ________ in the future.
A．discverB．be discveredC．have discveredD．be discvering
16．（2021·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題）This TV prgram discusses where the best tea leaves ________.
A．were prducedB．have prducedC．prduced
17．（2021·江蘇泰州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Sir, I have truble ding the vluntary wrk fr the 20th Games f Jiangsu Prvince in Taizhu.
一Dn’t wrry. A lt f supprt ________ sn.
A．is fferedB．will be fferedC．was fferedD．were ffered
18．（2021·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—I t give a speech at the graduatin ceremny yesterday.
—Lucky yu!
A．was chsenB．a(chǎn)m chsenC．will be chsen
19．（2021·黑龍江牡丹江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Sme new airprts ________ in the west f ur cuntry. It will save ur time t g there.
A．buildB．will buildC．will be built
20．（2021·江蘇蘇州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Nw teenagers ________ t d vluntary wrk fr their lcal cmmdities.
A．a(chǎn)re encuragedB．were encuragedC．have encuragedD．a(chǎn)re encuraging
21．（2022·青?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Our schl held the graduatin ceremny last Friday. All the parents ________ t cheer us up.
A．a(chǎn)re invitedB．were invitedC．will be invited
22．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）The secnd “Tiangng Lecture” kicked ff! Bing Dwen Dwen ________ a teaching tl!
A．is used frB．was used frC．is used asD．was used as
23．（2022·江蘇鹽城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Spud Webb ________ at first because f his height, but he didn’t lse heart.
A．refusesB．refusedC．was refusedD．will be refused
24．（2022·湖北黃石·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—D yu think junir high schl students ________ t get their ears pierced?
—N, I dn’t think s. It is against the schl rules.
A．shuld allwB．a(chǎn)llwC．have allwedD．shuld be allwed
25．（2022·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Li Yan ________ t the welcme party yesterday.
A．invitesB．is invitedC．was invitedD．will invite
26．（2022·廣西百色·中考真題）Chinese _________ by mre and mre peple in the wrld.
A．speakB．speaksC．is speakingD．is spken
27．（2022·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）His guitar ________ as a gift fr him last week.
A．buysB．is bughtC．bughtD．was bught
28．（2022·四川成都·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Sme grups _______ prizes n April 15, 2022 by the Central Cmmittee f the CYLC（共青團中央）.
A．were givenB．were givingC．will be given
29．（2022·遼寧阜新·中考真題）Chinese ________ by mre and mre peple arund the wrld tday.
A．learnsB．learnedC．was learnedD．is learned
30．（2022·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）It's said that an Asian Culture Village__________ inside the AYG Village in Nanjing in the cming Asian Yuth Games perid.
A．buildsB．is buildingC．will be builtD．was built
兩年模擬演練
31．（2021·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考一模）—Music and art will enter the Entrance Examinatin fr the high schl. Is it true?
—I am nt sure. But dn’t wrry. Nthing will be difficult if mre attentin ________ t them.
A．will payB．will be paidC．paysD．is paid
32．（2021·廣西河池·統(tǒng)考三模）— A talk n hw t keep safe at schl ________ by Mr. Li. I am lking frward t it.
— S am I.
A．gaveB．will giveC．was givenD．will be given
33．（2021·廣西南寧·校考三模）Chinese ________ as a freign language in many schls in ther cuntries nw.
A．was taughtB．is taughtC．teachesD．taught
34．（2021·吉林·統(tǒng)考一模）The kite __________ in China mre than 2,000 years ag.
A．inventsB．inventedC．was invented
35．（2021·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考二模）The envirnment in my hmetwn is changing because many trees ________ here every year.
A．plantedB．a(chǎn)re plantedC．were planted
36．（2021·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考一模）— Students ________a few why and hw questins in Ms. Chen’s class, did yu ntice that?
— Yes, I think she wanted t train their abilities f deep thinking.
A．a(chǎn)re askedB．were askedC．will be askedD．shuld be asked
37．（2021·貴州銅仁·統(tǒng)考三模）—Mm, may I watch the mvie Operatin Red Sea this evening?
—Of curse, if yur hmewrk ________.
A．finishedB．will finishC．is finishedD．was finished
38．（2021·福建泉州·泉州五中?？寄M預測）Three astrnauts t space abard ur cuntry’s new space statin later this mnth.
A．carryB．is carriedC．will be carried
39．（2021·河北唐山·統(tǒng)考一模）Many peple ________ t stay in the places where they wrk t spend New Year because f the COVID-19 this year.
A．were askedB．a(chǎn)re askedC．a(chǎn)skedD．were asking
40．（2021·安徽池州·統(tǒng)考二模）All f us shuld fllw the traffic rules, r we ________ by the traffic plice.
A．a(chǎn)re punishedB．will be punishedC．were punishedD．have been punished
41．（2022·河北保定·?？家荒＃㏕his bk ________ by a yung writer. Bth my best friend and I liked it when we were yung.
A．was writtenB．wrteC．writesD．is written
42．（2022·黑龍江哈爾濱·哈爾濱市第六十九中學校?？级＃狣 yu knw when the XXIV Winter Olympic Games ________?
—________ February 4th, 2022.
A．was held, OnB．held, InC．has held, On
43．（2022·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考三模）—Ww, there is a new club in yur schl.
—It ________ at the beginning f this year and nw it has many members.
A．startsB．is startedC．has startedD．was started
44．（2022·青海玉樹·校考一模）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhu frm Sep. 10 t 25, 2022.
A．heldB．is heldC．will be held
45．（2022·四川成都·統(tǒng)考二模）Sharks shuld ________ t keep the balance f ecsystem.
A．be prtectedB．prtectC．have prtected
46．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·統(tǒng)考模擬預測）Gu Ailing ________ in bth China and many ther cuntries because f her amazing skiing skills.
A．remembersB．is rememberedC．is rememberingD．remembered
47．（2022·山東濱州·統(tǒng)考二模）—Claudia, are yu ging t Jeff’s birthday party n Saturday?
—Unless I ________.
A．invitedB．will be invitedC．was invitingD．a(chǎn)m invited
48．（2022·山東青島·青島三十九中?？级＃㏕he wrds that we shuld pay attentin t ________ n the blackbard.
A．being writtenB．a(chǎn)re writtenC．is writingD．be written
49．（2022·湖北武漢·三模）During the Tang Dynasty nearly everything prduced in the wrld ________ n the streets f Chang’an.
A．is fundB．has been fundC．must be fundD．culd be fund
50．（2022·云南昆明·統(tǒng)考二模）—When did yu take these phts?
—The phts ________ a few days ag in memry f the graduatin.
A．takeB．tkC．was takenD．were taken

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