【中考一輪復習】2023年中考英語復習學案——第十四講賓語從句（原卷版+解析版）-學案下載-教習網(wǎng)

考點分析
賓語從句在初中英語語法中有著相當重要的地位，幾乎每年的中考都有對賓語從句不同角度的考查。認真研讀了近年來有關賓語從句的中考題，發(fā)現(xiàn)其考查的重點一般都集中在以下幾個方面：語序、時態(tài)、連接詞、否定前移和簡化。
知識梳理
思維導圖記知識點
一、賓語從句的定義
由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子就是復合句。主句是全句的主體。從句是全句的一個成分，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成分的從句。如作狀語的就叫狀語從句，作賓語的就叫賓語從句，作定語的就叫定語從句。初中階段要求掌握狀語從句、賓語從句和定語從句的簡單用法。
賓語從句
二、賓語從句用法
【速記口訣】賓語從句須注意，幾點事項應牢記。一是關鍵引導詞，不同句子詞相異。陳述句子用that;一般疑問是否(if，whether)替;特殊問句更好辦，引導還用疑問詞。
二是時態(tài)常變化，主句不同從句異。主句若為現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)應看意;主句若為過去時，從句時態(tài)向前移。
三是語序要記清，從句永保陳述序。
【妙語詮釋】賓語從句應注意三點：①引導詞，陳述句一般由that引導，這時的that可以省略;一般疑問句則由if或whether引導;而特殊疑問句則由特殊疑問詞引導。②時態(tài)，主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句可用所需要的任何時態(tài);但如果主句是過去時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)所表示時間一般往前移一個時間段。③語序，賓語從句永遠要用陳述句順序
三、賓語從句的引導詞
1. 由that引導的賓語從句。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中常常省略。
He knew (that) he shuld wrk hard.
2.如果賓語從句由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來，其引導詞用if或whether。一般情況下，二者可以通用，If和whether起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口語中多用if。如：
I dn't knw if/whether she will cme here.我不知道她是否將來這兒。
注意：一般情況下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情況例外。
a. 當從句做介詞的賓于是只用whether 不用if
b. 引導詞與動詞不定式或 nt 連用時，只用whether.
c. if當如果講時，引導的是條件狀語從句，這時不能用whether.
3賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，引導詞就是特殊疑問詞。由連接代詞wh, whm, whse, what, which等和連接副詞when, where, why, hw等引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義。
四、賓語從句的語序
1.在含有賓語從句的復合句中，賓語從句要使用陳述語序，即“引導詞＋主語＋謂語＋其他”。特別強調(diào)：它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
I want t knw when the train left.我想知道火車是什么時候離開的。
注意：①有些特殊疑問句本身是陳述句語序。如：
What's wrng
Which is the way
What happened t
What's the
Wh studies the hardest in yur class?
②d yu think后接賓語從句時，特殊疑問詞即引導詞要前置，d yu think作為插入語。如：
Wh d yu think he is talking with？你認為他正在和誰交談？
2.由d，des，did構(gòu)成的疑問句，在轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句時，要去掉d，des，did，且從句中的謂語動詞要根據(jù)主句時態(tài)作出相應的變化。如：
“Des he sing well？”The music teacher asked him.
→The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.這個音樂老師想知道他唱得是否很好。
3.如果是will，be，have，can組成的疑問句，在變?yōu)橘e語從句時，要把這些詞還原到句中原來的謂語位置上，并根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應的變化。如：
“Will yu be free tmrrw？”She asked me.
→She asked me if(whether) I wuld be free tmrrw.她問我明天是否是空閑的。
六、賓語從句的時態(tài)
賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語時態(tài)的制約，這就是時態(tài)呼應。如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句謂語的時態(tài)不受限制；如果主句謂語的時態(tài)是一般過去時，從句一般要隨著改為相應的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時、過去完成時）。
Please tell us where he is.
He tld me that he was preparing fr the sprts meet.
注意：當賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時，不管主句謂語的時態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。
The teacher tld us (that) the earth mves arund the sun.
賓語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)是由主句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)來決定的，一般有下面幾種情況：
①主句的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時或祈使句時，從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況用相應的任何時態(tài)。如：
He says he will ask Mr. Hu t give Jim sme wrk.他說他將讓胡先生給吉姆一些工作。
②主句的時態(tài)為過去時態(tài)時，從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)要用相應的過去的某一時態(tài)。如：
She said she missed us very much.她說她非常想念我們。
③從句表示的是客觀真理、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時科學原理，格言等，從句仍然要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：
He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他說太陽比地球大。
七、賓語從句的否定前移
在賓語從句中，當主句的謂語動詞為think，believe，expect，imagine，suppse等時，如果主句為I或we時，從句中表示否定意義的nt應移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppse等前。如：
I dn't suppse he will cme.我猜他不會來。
【注意】如果主句主語不是I或we，則nt不前移。如：
She thinks she can't arrive there n time.她認為她不能按時到那兒。
八、賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分
1) I will g ut tmrrw if it is fine.
2) I dn’t knw if the train has arrived.
句1）中if引導的是狀語從句。這個從句表示“條件”，修飾主句。整個句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2）中if引導的是賓語從句，充當謂語動詞dn’t knw的賓語。整個句子的意思是我不知道火車是否到達。
判斷方法：
1.可以從整個句式看。狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個別除外），賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動詞之后。
2. 從引導詞看。if充當賓語從句的連接詞時，相當于whether，詞義為“是否”，充當狀語從句的連接詞時，詞義為“如果”。when充當賓語從句的連接詞時，意為“什么時候”，充當狀語從句的連接詞時，意為“當……的時候”。
3.從時態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時，引導賓語從句要注意：從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)應根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應的變化。if和when充當從屬連詞時，引導條件和時間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時，則從句的時態(tài)應用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
4.、人稱的變化和標點的使用
a.從句的主語如果是第一人稱，變?yōu)橘e語從句則與主句的主語一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：(一主二賓三不變)
“May I use yur knife？”He asked me.
→He asked me if he might use my knife.
“D yu knw her telephne number？”He asked me.
→He asked me if I knw her telephne number.
b. 賓語從句的標點均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號；主句是疑問句，用問號。如：
Wh will give us a talk? I dn’t knw. →I dn’t knw wh will give us a talk.
D yu knw？Where des he live? →D yu knw where he lives?
九、賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化
1.當主句謂語動詞是hpe，wish，decide，frget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
She agreed that she culd help me with my maths.
→She agreed t help me with my maths.
2.當主句的謂語動詞是knw, learn, frget, remember, decide等后面帶特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化的賓語時，主從句的主語也須一致這時從句可以簡化成“疑問詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”。例如：
I dn't knw which sweater I shuld buy.→I dn't knw which sweater t buy.
3.當主句的謂語動詞是ask，tell, shw, teach等后面帶雙賓語時，從句的主語和間接賓語一致，且從句是由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化來時，從句可以轉(zhuǎn)化成“疑問詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”,或者在連接代詞/副詞引導的賓語從句中，當從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：→Culd yu tell me hw t get t the park?
4. 當主句謂語動詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補為不帶t的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
She fund that the wallet lay/was lying n the grund.
→She fund the wallet lie/lying n the grund.
三年中考真題
1．（2020·甘肅蘭州·中考真題）—Can yu tell me ________ this term?
—On September 21st.
A．when will the schl trip beB．when the schl trip will be
C．where will the schl trip beD．where the schl trip will be
2．（2020·青海西寧·中考真題）— I am wrried abut ________.
— Whatever the result is, dn’t be t hard n yurself.
A．hw can I pass my driving testB．which high schl will I enter
C．whether I can get great grades in the final examD．when can I catch up with the tp students
3．（2020·四川資陽·中考真題）— D yu knw ________ the Capital f Lemn is in China?
— In Ziyang, Sichuan.
A．hwB．whatC．whenD．where
4．（2020·遼寧朝陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—What did the headmaster ask yu after the meeting?
—He asked me ________.
A．what I d fr the prject last weekB．if can I finish the wrk n time
C．hw did I deal with the prblemD．why I was late fr the meeting
5．（2020·內(nèi)蒙古·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Tm was nt listening carefully, s he failed t hear________.
A．what did the teacher say
B．what the teacher said
C．wh des the teacher say t
D．wh the teacher will say t
6．（2020·廣西賀州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）— Culd yu tell me ________?
— Yes. I bught it nline.
A．where d yu buy the sweaterB．where yu buy the sweater
C．where did yu buy the sweaterD．where yu bught the sweater
7．（2020·山東濟南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Culd yu tell me ________ during the winter vacatin?
—I studied nline and helped with the husewrk.
A．what did yu d
B．what yu did
C．where did they g
D．where yu went
8．（2020·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）The Chinese gvernment will always d ________.
A．what has he prmised t dB．what has he prmised d
C．what he has prmised dD．what he has prmised t d
9．（2020·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考中考真題）On the phne her father asked her _________then.
A．what was she dingB．what she was dingC．when she was ding
10．（2020·江蘇泰州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—I heard NBA star Kbe Bryant’s private helicpter (直升機) crashed. I wnder________.
—All the nine peple died including his 13-year-ld daughter, Gianna.
A．where the accident happenedB．that his daughter died t
C．what was the weather like that dayD．if there were any survivrs in the accident
11．（2021·甘肅甘南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—I haven’t decided ________ I’ll g fr my summer hlidays.
—Why nt chse Laga Muntain?
A．hwB．whenC．where
12．（2021·四川甘孜·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Mike, I wnder ________ we’ll g this weekend.
—T the museum.
A．whenB．whyC．hwD．where
13．（2021·貴州黔西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Excuse me, d yu knw ________ buy sme medicine? I’ve gt a cld.
A．where can IB．where I canC．what can ID．what I can
14．（2021·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）— I dn’t knw ________.
— At 3: 00 p.m. yesterday.
A．when the vide meeting finishedB．when did the vide meeting finish
C．where the vide meeting finishedD．where did the vide meeting finish
15．（2021·遼寧沈陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—D yu knw ________
—In the 1960s.
A．where Havc in Heaven was createdB．when Havc in Heaven was created
C．where was Havc in Heaven createdD．when was Havc in Heaven created
16．（2021·山東青島·統(tǒng)考中考真題）— I wnder ________.
— Why nt?
A．that yu’d like t cme with usB．whether yu’d like t cme with us
C．when wuld yu like t cme with usD．hw wuld yu like t cme with us
17．（2021·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Can yu imagine ________ in 2035?
—I’m sure it will be better.
A．hw ur life wasB．what will ur life be like
C．hw was ur lifeD．what ur life will be like
18．（2021·黑龍江大慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）In the Past, peple didn’t knw that the earth ________ arund the sun.
A．will mveB．mvedC．wuld mveD．mves
19．（2021·北京·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Culd yu please tell me ________?
—Next Thursday mrning.
A．when we visited the Capital MuseumB．when did we visit the Capital Museum
C．when we will visit the Capital MuseumD．when will we visit the Capital Museum
20．（2021·浙江溫州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Linda, may I knw ________?
—Certainly. I’m ging t the cuntryside t visit my grandparents.
21．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）—What else did the students ask Chinese astrnaut Nie Haisheng abut the space statin?
—They asked him ________.
A．hw lng wuld he stay thereB．when he will arrive
C．hw did he cmmunicate with his familyD．hw much the spacesuit cst
22．（2022·云南昆明·統(tǒng)考中考真題）— Culd yu please tell me ________ when they meet fr the first time in China?
— They usually shake hands.
A．what d peple usually dB．what peple usually d
C．where d peple usually gD．where peple usually g
23．（2022·湖南懷化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—D yu knw _______?
—She is a teacher.
A．What is Linda’s jbB．What Linda’s jb isC．What was Linda’s jb
24．（2022·浙江溫州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Nancy, d yu knw ________?
—In 1957, I think.
A．wh wrte the play TeahuseB．what the play Teahuse is abut
C．when the play Teahuse was writtenD．why La She wrte the play Teahuse
25．（2022·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Culd yu please tell me ________?
—Yu can take N. 2 Bus.
A．when was the nearest hspital builtB．hw can I get t the nearest hspital
C．when the nearest hspital was builtD．hw I can get t the nearest hspital
26．（2022·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Culd yu tell me ________ fr the fruit?
—Yu can just pay n the phne.
hw much will I payB．hw will I pay
C．hw much I will payD．hw I will pay
27．（2022·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Excuse me, d yu knw ________?
—Yes. Next Friday.
A．when will the vlunteers cme back
B．when the vlunteers will cme back
C．hw will the vlunteers cme back
D．hw the vlunteers will cme back
28．（2022·遼寧阜新·中考真題）—D yu knw ________?
—Sure, n April 16th, 2022.
A．when Shenzhu-13 returned t EarthB．when Shenzhu-13 will return t Earth
C．when will Shenzhu-13 return t EarthD．when did Shenzhu-13 return t Earth
29．（2022·貴州銅仁·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Tm, culd yu tell me ______?
—She is an ffice wrker.
A．wh is sheB．wh she isC．what she isD．what is she
30．（2022·海南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Have yu decided ________ the children in the pr area?
—By sending them bks and schlbags.
A．hw yu will helpB．hw will yu helpC．when yu will help
兩年模擬演練
31．（2021·廣西河池·統(tǒng)考二模）—Excuse me, d yu knw ________ t buy sme fruit?
—Yes, there’s a supermarket next t the bank.
A．where can I gB．hw I can gC．where I can gD．hw can I g
32．（2021·遼寧沈陽·統(tǒng)考二模）—Can yu tell me _________ t deal with stress?
—I think ne way t cancel ut stress is thrugh psitive thinking.
A．whereB．whyC．hwD．when
33．（2021·云南紅河·統(tǒng)考二模）—Next Friday is my mther’s birthday, and I’m thinking abut ________.
—I think yu can ck a dinner fr her.
A．what present did I gave herB．what present I gave her
C．what present will I give herD．what present I will give her
34．（2021·廣西南寧·校考三模）—Culd yu tell me ________?
—He lives near ur schl.
A．where des Tm liveB．hw des Tm feelC．hw Tm feelsD．where Tm lives
35．（2021·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考三模）—AI(人工智能) has made this year’s tw sessins(兩會) special.
—Yes. It is said that AI can predict ________ by lking at his pht.
A．hw a persn wasB．what is a persn likeC．whether a persn is utging r nt
36．（2021·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才學校?？家荒＃狢uld yu please tell me ________?
—The peple and the fd.
A．why des Jhn like yur hmetwn
B．what Jhn likes abut yur hmetwn
C．hw Jhn likes yur hmetwn
37．（2021·浙江溫州·統(tǒng)考二模）—D yu knw ________ mn cakes in traditin in China, Li Fang.
—Usually during the Mid-autumn Festival.
A．why peple makeB．when peple eatC．where peple buyD．hw peple share
38．（2021·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考二模）—When will Mr. Wu be back t China?
—Srry, I have n idea ________.
A．when did he g abradB．why he is ging abrad
C．hw sn will he be backD．hw lng he will stay abrad
39．（2021·福建福州·統(tǒng)考三模）— D yu knw ________?
— I dn’t knw. Maybe smething abut the ancient buildings in Sng Dynasty.
A．what the speech tpic isB．hw I can get t the palaceC．when did they finish the wrk
40．（2021·四川成都·成都市樹德實驗中學校考三模）What ur sciety is like is decided by ________ everyne chses t behave.
A．whereB．whenC．hw
41．（2021·內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾·統(tǒng)考一模）We didn’t knw __________ t visit ur schl.
A．when did he cmeB．when he was cming
C．when wuld he cmeD．when he is cming
42．（2022·河北石家莊·?？家荒＃〥 yu knw ________? I’ll take a bus there.
A．hw lng the bus isB．hw I will get there
C．hw sn I’ll leaveD．hw much time I need
43．（2022·黑龍江哈爾濱·哈爾濱市第六十九中學校?？级＃狹m, I want t knw if we ________ fr a picnic tmrrw?
—Yes, we will. But if it ________ tmrrw, we’ll stay at hme and have a big dinner.
A．will g；rainsB．will g；will rainC．g；will rain
44．（2022·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考三模）—Grace, why did the wman stp yu?
—She asked me _________.
A．where was the hspitalB．hw can she g t the hspital
C．if I knew the way t the hspitalD．whether I knw the way t the hspital
45．（2022·山東濟南·統(tǒng)考二模）—Culd yu tell me ________?
—I live in Jinan.
A．where d yu liveB．where yu live
C．where were yu brnD．where yu were brn
46．（2022·西藏拉薩·校考模擬預測）—Let’s g swimming if it ________ this weekend.
— But nbdy knws if it ________.
will be fine; will rainB．is fine; will rain
C．is fine; rainsD．will be fine; rains
47．（2022·青海玉樹·?？家荒＃猈hat did ur math teacher say yesterday? I was ill and didn’t cme t schl.
—She tld us ________.
A．why we didn’t d ur hmewrk
B．that we wuld have a test next week
C．when will we have a field trip
48．（2022·江蘇鹽城·?？家荒＃狧w was yur winter hliday, Mike?
—Nt bad. What abut yu? Culd yu tell me ________?
what place yu have gne t
B．if yu watched the 24th Winter Olympic Games
wh did yu spend the hliday with
D．that yu watched a ftball match
49．（2022·新疆阿克蘇·統(tǒng)考一模）Neither I nr he ________ where the train statin is.
A．knewB．knwsC．knwD．didn’t knw
50．（2022·湖北武漢·三模）—D yu knw ________.
—He has been stuck n the highway fr half an hur.
A．why hasn’t he arrived yetB．what happened t him
C．if he wuld arrive snD．hw ften he exercises

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