考點分析
人物故事類的閱讀理解是中考英語的常考材料之一。這類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。
1. 人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、個性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，其特點是以時間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡清楚，可讀性較強。
2. 短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生發(fā)展或結(jié)局，有人物、時間、地點和事件。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的態(tài)度及意圖、故事前因和后果的推測等方面著手，考查考生對細節(jié)的辨認能力以及推理判斷能力。
知識梳理
1. 閱讀人物傳記類文章時應該抓住時間線索來獲取有關(guān)信息，即主人翁在某個時間做過什么，然后通過分析推理、綜合歸納的方法進行解題。
2. 閱讀短篇故事類材料時，同學們一定要根據(jù)主要情節(jié)掌握文章主旨大意，同時抓住每一個細節(jié)，設身處地地根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容揣摩作者的態(tài)度和意圖，根據(jù)情節(jié)展開想象，這樣的話即使是深層理解題也可迎刃而解。
三年中考真題
A
（2020·遼寧大連·中考真題）
When I arrived at my class n the early mrning, I suddenly felt upset and uncmfrtable. Tday was the day when ur teacher wuld leave and mve t anther schl. Mr. Smith was very easy t talk with and t have fun with. He was cl, relaxed and was always friendly when yu wuld see him. I culdn’t even imagine hw things were ging t be withut him.
“Thank yu everyne fr my time here. I will frever keep these memries and friendships I’ve made in the past five years.” He tk a deep breath and said, “As a mment fr me leaving, please lk under yur seats.”
Cnfused(疑惑不解的), I slwly checked under my seat t see a yellw blck f wd that read “Lve” n it. I quickly gt it and began t study it. After secnds f watching the blck, I realized that it was a Jenga blck(積木塊).
Tears ran dwn my face and fell n the Jenga blck. I heard my classmates sbbing(抽泣). That was t say, everyne in my class had a Jenga blck with the wrd “Lve”. We hadn’t fund a way t express(表達) ur sadness and als we culdn’t find a way t express ur lve t the respectable(令人尊敬的) man. “This is a reminder(提示物) t always lve thers.” Mr. Smith said slwly.
Maybe that day wasn’t the wrst day, and it was just a mment f my life and I was t yung t understand Mr. Smith. What Mr. Smith taught us is that whenever and wherever we are, we shuld lve thers. The Jenga blck acts as a reminder, encuraging me t give a hand t thse in need f help. As time ges n, “Lve” thers has been a habit.
1．Mr. Smith was ging t __________.
A．change his jbB．teach a new subject
C．give his last lessnD．wrk in anther schl
2．Mr. Smith was a teacher wh culd make his students feel __________.
A．pleasedB．excitedC．bredD．nervus
3．Where did the students find Jenga blcks?
A．In their desks.B．Under their seats.C．On the blackbard.D．Inside their hearts.
4．What d we knw abut the Jenga blck?
A．It is the symbl f lve.
B．It shws students’ respect t Mr. Smith.
C．It means gd memries and friendships.
D．It stands fr Mr. Smith’s wish t his students.
5．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Lve is a habitB．Hard t say gdbye
C．A teacher’s giftD．An unfrgettable lessn
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C
【分析】本文主要講述了作者的老師史密斯先生在離開時送給了每個學生一個積木塊，教育學生要愛護他人，這對作者的影響很深。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tday was the day when ur teacher wuld leave and mve t anther schl”可知作者的老師要到另一個學校教學。故選D。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Mr. Smith was very easy t talk with and t have fun with. He was cl, relaxed and was always friendly when yu wuld see him”可知史密斯先生很容易交談，也很有趣，可推斷他可以讓他的學生開心滿意。故選A。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“I slwly checked under my seat t see a yellw blck f wd…”可知這些積木塊在學生的座位下面。故選B。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“This is a reminder(提示物) t always lve thers”以及“The Jenga blck acts as a reminder…”可知老師送給學生們積木塊，是希望他們能夠愛護他人，故積木塊代表了老師對學生們的希望。故選D。
5．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了老師送給學生一件禮物用來提醒他們要關(guān)愛他人。故選C。
B
（2021·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
There was nce a very wise man wh lived in ancient times. He was elderly and educated.
One day while n a walk, he realized that his shes were starting t wear ut. He knew he had t buy a new pair. But he didn’t want t buy the wrng shes. He cllected sme bks and spent a lt f time reading abut hw t knw if a pair f shes fit prperly.
Fllwing the bks’ instructins, the man tk a stick and measured his feet with it. He then went t the market. Hwever, he left the stick at hme, which was far away frm the shp.
By the time the man returned t the market, the shp was clsed. And by that pint, his shes were cmpletely wrn ut, s he had t return hme bareft.
The next mrning, he walked back t the market with bare feet, but the shes that he had chsen the day befre had been sld. The wise man explained what had happened t the shpkeeper, wh asked, “Why didn’t yu buy the shes yesterday?”
The wise man replied, “Because I left the stick that I had used t measure my feet at hme. And yu have t have the crrect measurements f yur feet befre yu can buy shes. I didn’t want t buy the wrng size.”
Even mre surprised, the shpkeeper asked, “But yur feet are always with yu. Why didn’t yu just try the shes n?”
The wise man said, “All the bks say shes must be bught with the exact measurements f the shes yu already wn.”
Laughing, the shp wner replied, “Yu dn’t need advice frm bks t buy shes. Yu just need t have yur feet, sme mney, and sme cmmn sense nt t make things mre difficult.”
6．Hw did the man prepare t buy shes?
A．He read lts f bks abut making shes.
B．He used a stick t measure his feet.
C．He measured his wrn-ut shes.
D．He asked the shpkeeper fr advice.
7．Why didn’t the man buy shes the secnd time he went t the market?
A．Because he didn’t knw his measurements.
B．Because the she stre was already clsed.
C．Because he frgt t take his stick alng.
D．Because the shes he wanted were sld ut.
8．What was the man like?
A．He was ld and humrus.
B．He was a real wise man.
C．He was educated and hard-wrking.
D．He had little life experience.
9．Which sentence is TRUE accrding t the stry?
A．The man went t the market twice.
B．The man bught the shes he wanted at last.
C．He returned hme withut shes the secnd time.
D．Peple usually measured their feet befre buying shes in ancient times.
10．What des the stry teach us?
A．Bks tell yu everything yu need.
B．It’s necessary t get mre educatin.
C．Cmmn sense can serve yu well.
D．Deal with difficult things in a simple way.
【答案】6．B 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．C
【分析】文章講述了曾經(jīng)有一個人想買雙鞋，他用棍子測量尺寸，第一次去集市的時候忘記帶棍子， 結(jié)果取回棍子第二次再去的時候商店已經(jīng)關(guān)門了，第二天他再去買鞋的時候，發(fā)現(xiàn)前一天選的鞋已經(jīng)賣了，他跟店主解釋時，店主告訴他其實買鞋只需要有自己的腳、一些錢和一些常識即可。
6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Fllwing the bks’ instructins, the man tk a stick and measured his feet with it.”可知，這個人用木棍量了他的腳，并以此為依據(jù)去買鞋，故選B。
7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“By the time the man returned t the market, the shp was clsed.”可知，當他第二次來到集市時，鞋店已經(jīng)關(guān)門了，故選B。
8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“All the bks say shes must be bught with the exact measurements f the shes yu already wn.”以及“Yu dn’t need advice frm bks t buy shes. Yu just need t have yur feet, sme mney, and sme cmmn sense nt t make things mre difficult.”可知，這個人沒有生活經(jīng)驗，故選D。
9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“He then went t the he had t return hme bareft.”可知，第二次這個人沒有買到鞋子，而他的鞋子已經(jīng)完全穿破了，所以他不得不赤腳回家，故選C。
10．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Laughing, the shp wner replied, “Yu dn’t need advice frm bks t buy shes. Yu just need t have yur feet, sme mney, and sme cmmn sense nt t make things mre difficult.” ”及整個文章的理解可知，文章通過一個人買鞋的經(jīng)歷告訴我們生活常識是很有用的，故選C。
C
（2022·湖南婁底·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
A man named Jack came hme frm wrk and fund his three children utside. They were still in their pajamas （睡衣）, playing in the mud （泥）. Tys were lying all ver the garden. The frnt dr t the huse was wide pen.
Walking in the dr, he fund an even bigger mess. In the living rm, the TV was turned up lud. There were tys and clthes all ver the places.
In the kitchen, there was a brken glass under the table and dishes filled the sink（水槽）. Breakfast fd was still n the dining table. The dr f the fridge was pen. In the bathrm, the bathtub was full f water. Sap and tilet paper were n the flr. Tthpaste（牙膏）was all ver the mirrr and walls.
He quickly went upstairs, lking fr his wife. He was wrried that she was sick r that smething bad happened.
As he ran int the bedrm, he fund his wife in bed. Still in her pajamas, she was reading a nvel. She lked up at him, smiled and asked hw his day went. He lked at her and asked, “What happened here tday? ”
She smiled again and answered, “Yu knw every day when yu cme hme frm wrk and yu ask me what n earth（究竟）I d all ”
“Yes, ” he replied.
She answered, “Well, I didn’t d it nly tday.”
11．Where did the stry take place in the passage?
A．In a htel.B．At Jack’s hme.C．In a museum.
12．The underlined wrd “bathtub” means “ ________” in the passage?
A．水槽B．浴缸C．廁所
13．Hw did Jack feel befre he saw his wife?
A．Angry and tired.B．Happy and excited.C．Surprised and wrried.
14．What did Jack see when he gt back frm wrk?
①The kids were playing in the mud.
②The huse was in a big mess.
③His wife was sick and lying in bed.
A．①②B．②③C．①③
15．What can we infer（推斷） frm the passage?
A．The wife is a lazy wman and des nthing every day.
B．The wife is sick and she can’t d anything fr the family.
C．The wife is hard-wrking and usually keeps her huse tidy.
【答案】11．B 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講爸爸下班回家時看到家里一片狼藉，這就是媽媽每天要做的工作，只是今天沒做。
11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“A man named Jack came hme frm wrk and fund his three children utside.”可知發(fā)生在家里。故選B。
12．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“In the bathrm, the bathtub was full f water.（在浴室里，……裝滿了水。）可猜測出，下劃線單詞的意思應是“浴缸”。故選B。
13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“He quickly went upstairs, lking fr his wife. He was wrried that she was sick r that smething bad happened.（他趕緊上樓去找他的妻子。他擔心她生病了或發(fā)生了什么壞事。）”可知杰克見到妻子之前感覺驚訝和擔憂。故選C。
14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“A man named Jack came hme frm wrk and fund his three children utside. They were still in their pajamas （睡衣）, playing in the mud （泥）. Tys were lying all ver the garden.The frnt dr t the huse was wide pen.Walking in the dr, he fund an even bigger mess.In the living rm, the TV was turned up lud.There were tys and clthes all ver the places.”可知杰克下班回來時看到孩子們在泥地里玩。房子里亂七八糟。故選A。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ She smiled again and answered, ‘Yu knw every day when yu cme hme frm wrk and yu ask me what n earth（究竟）I d all ’ ‘Yes,’ he replied. She answered, ‘Well, I didn’t d it nly tday.’”可推理出妻子工作很努力，經(jīng)常保持家里整潔。故選C。
兩年模擬演練
A
（2021·云南紅河·統(tǒng)考二模）
D yu knw wh Zhang Guimei is? Nw fllw me t knw smething abut her.
In 2000, Zhang Guimei wrked in a Children’s Hme in Yunnan prvince, she saw many pr cuntryside families withut any educatin. She hped t set up a free girls’ high schl that wuld cmpletely slve the prblem in muntain areas. In 2007, Zhang became a delegate (代表) f the 17th Natinal Cngress f the Cmmunist Party f China. She tld the public abut her dream, which has gt tns f attentin in the sciety.
In 2008, Huaping High Schl fr Girls was set up, which is the first girls’ public high schl in China fr girls frm pr families t read. Ever since then, mre than 1,800 girls frm the huge muntains have gne t university t cmplete their studies and made cntributins (貢獻) in all walks f life (各行各業(yè)). When Huaping High Schl fr Girls has made gd achievements, Zhang Guimei’s bdy is getting wrse and wrse. She was examined mre than 10 kinds f diseases.
Zhang said, “When I hear that students can cntribute t sciety after graduating frm universities, I think it’s wrth it, it’s pleased t see them live better and happier than me, which is the greatest cmfrt t me.”
Zhang Guimei was hnred the title “Rle Mdel f the Times (時代楷模)” in recgnitin (認可) f her devtin t the educatin fr girls frm pr families in 2020.
16．Accrding t the passage, Zhang Guimei’s dream was ________.
A．t be a teacherB．t set up a free girls’ high schl
C．t help peple in needD．t becme a delegate
17．When was Zhang hnred “Rle Mdel f the Times”?
A．In 2000.B．In 2007.C．In 2008.D．In 2020.
18．Which is NOT true accrding t the passage?
A．Zhang is the funder (奠基者) f Huaping High Schl fr Girls.
B．All the students can get a free educatin in Huaping High schl fr Girls.
C．Zhang isn’t as healthy as she used t be.
D．Zhang has helped many girls frm pr families get an educatin.
19．The underlined wrd “devtin” in Paragraph 5 means “________” in Chinese.
A．管理B．善良C．奉獻D．內(nèi)容
20．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．We shuld take Zhang as ur gd example.
B．Huaping High Schl fr Girls is a gd place fr everyne t g.
C．Zhang Guimei is als a wman frm a pr family.
D．Zhang’s graduated (畢業(yè)的) students all wrk as teachers.
【答案】16．B 17．D 18．B 19．C 20．A
【導語】本文介紹了張桂梅老師的事跡和奉獻精神。
16．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“She hped t set up a free girls’ high schl that wuld cmpletely slve the prblem in muntain areas.”可知，張桂梅夢想建立一所免費的女子高中。故選B。
17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Zhang Guimei was hnred the title ‘Rle Mdel f the Times (時代楷模)’ in recgnitin (認可) f her devtin t the educatin fr girls frm pr families in 2020.”可知，張桂梅在2020年被評為“時代楷?！?。故選D。
18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Huaping High Schl fr Girls was set up, which is the first girls’ public high schl in China fr girls frm pr families t read.”可知，華坪女子高中是中國第一所面向貧困家庭女孩免費讀書的女子公立高中，而不是面向所有學生，B項錯誤。故選B。
19．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“in recgnitin (認可) f her devtin t the educatin fr girls frm pr families”可知，是認可她的奉獻精神，devtin表示“奉獻”。故選C。
20．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了張桂梅老師的事跡和奉獻精神，我們應該以她為榜樣，A項正確。故選A。
B
（2022·廣東江門·校考一模）
Once Amy said t me, “Travelling alne is a life changing experience.” I travelled alne a lt when I was in my early 20s and I lved it. The experiences f travelling alne really make me mre adventurus (有冒險精神的). I think everyne shuld try at least nce in their lives. Nw I’m married. I g everywhere with my husband and it’s just nt the same. The feeling f being n an adventure has gne. I miss travelling alne.
I then thught f my first sl (單獨的) trip t Suth America. I went t Suth America and stayed there fr six mnths. I find travelling with ther peple is nt as exciting as travelling alne.I dn’t meet adventures with them but I can experience a lt when travelling alne. When travelling by myself, I can chse what I will d next at any time. I can visit a place that I didn’t plan t see befre. I can g there withut having t agree with anyne first. I try t wrk ut all my prblems n my wn and I becme mre independent.
Hwever, there is just ne thing that is nt s gd fr me. I always hpe that there are gd htels and safe transprt rutes (路線) in the places I will visit. S every time befre I begin my sl trip, I have t make sure the htel is gd and that the transprt rutes are safe.
21．The writer travelled alne a lt when ________.
A．she was in her early twentiesB．she was free
C．she was twenty years ldD．she was n business
22．Why des the writer think the feeling f being n an adventure has gne?
A．Because she thinks ging everywhere with her husband is different.
B．Because she thinks everyne shuld try travelling alne.
C．Because she likes travelling alne a lt.
D．Because she thinks travelling alne is mre difficult than travelling with thers.
23．What des the underlined wrd “independent’ in the secnd paragraph mean in Chinese?
A．獨立的B．自信的C．自豪的D．孤獨的
24．Where did the writer travel alne fr the first time?
A．Australia.B．Nrth America.C．Suth America.D．Austria.
25．What des the writer have t make sure befre her sl trip?
A．She has t make sure she can chse the rutes.
B．She has t make sure f the gd htel and safe transprt rutes.
C．She has t make sure she can wrk ut all the prblems.
D．She has t make sure what she will d next.
【答案】21．A 22．A 23．A 24．C 25．B
【導語】本文介紹了作者喜歡獨自冒險旅行，獨自旅行對她而言有很多好處，她能參觀事先沒有計劃的地方，想做什么不用要別人的同意，通過自己解決問題變得更獨立，但是每次獨自旅行之前都要確定好酒店不錯和安全的路線。
21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“I travelled alne a lt when I was in my early 20s and I lved it.”可知，作者在20歲出頭時，獨自旅行較多。故選A。
22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“I g everywhere with my husband and it’s just nt the same. The feeling f being n an adventure has gne.”可知，作者去哪兒都和丈夫一起，這與獨自旅行不同，獨自旅行時的那種冒險的感覺已經(jīng)消失了。故選A。
23．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“I try t wrk ut all my prblems n my wn ...”可知，作者獨自旅行時，總是試著自己解決所有的問題，這讓她變得更加獨立；因此“independent”的含義為“獨立的”。故選A。
24．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“I then thught f my first sl (單獨的) trip t Suth America.”可知，第一次獨自旅行去的是南美。故選C。
25．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“I have t make sure the htel is gd and that the transprt rutes are safe.”可知，她得確保酒店不錯，交通路線也安全。故選B。

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