【中考一輪復(fù)習(xí)】2023年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案——第二十七講任務(wù)型閱讀之回答問題（原卷版+解析版）-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

考點分析
＂英語說明文＂，顧名思義，就是一種以＂說明、解釋＂為主要表達(dá)方式的英語文體。它是對客觀事物的性狀、特點、功能和用途等作科學(xué)解說的。它既不像故事那樣重在情節(jié)的敘述和描寫，也不像議論文那樣，重在闡明主張和論點論據(jù)；更不像科幻作品那樣富于想象和虛構(gòu)夸張。說明文是通過解說事物、闡明事理，使人們增長知識和技能。說明文是高考英語閱讀理解題中的重點內(nèi)容之一。說明文具有與自己特點相適應(yīng)的說明方法，因此說明文結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，專業(yè)術(shù)語多，易于拉開考生分?jǐn)?shù)檔次，便于高校分層次選拔人才。然而對于考生來說說明文抽象度高，解題難度大。高考對說明文的考查多為科普知識，動植物特性、自然現(xiàn)象和新產(chǎn)品、新工藝介紹以及人文地理、風(fēng)土人情等方面的說明文，文中解釋性、定義性、說明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握說明文的命題特點，敘述方式，以冷靜的心態(tài)閱讀原文，重點突破長句結(jié)構(gòu)特點和邏輯關(guān)系，以便對其做出準(zhǔn)確的語意理解。
知識梳理
說明文閱讀理解的特征
一般說來，英語說明文與其他文體一樣，文章所涉及的內(nèi)容不外乎以下幾個方面，即wh → what → when → where → hw → why。
1. wh：問的是這篇文章的主體是誰？（即所要說明和描述的人或事物）
2. what：問的是主體做了什么事情？（即主體表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）
3. when和where：是在何時何地發(fā)生的？（即何時何地所表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）
4. hw：通過什么方式表現(xiàn)出來的？
5. why：這種特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做說明文閱讀理解題的時候，一定要記住上面的wh-wrd。邊閱讀，邊搜記，牢記要點，把握全文。
三年中考真題
A
（2020·湖北鄂州·中考真題）
When yu think f the Arctic (北極), yu imagine an icy land f pure white snw. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left n earth. We have plluted the deepest ceans with plastic rubbish. “And nw”, CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn.”
German scientists have recently fund micrplastics in Arctic snw. Micrplastics are pieces f plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists fund 1800 pieces f micrplastics per liter f (每升) snw.
Hw is plastic pllutin reaching the Arctic? Accrding t scientists, “It’s clear that mst f the micrplastics in the snw cme frm the air.” They fall ff the plastic bjects and are mved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall t the grund as snw. Finding these plastics in Arctic snw means that we may breathe them in.
Are they bad fr us? Scientists cannt answer this questin fr nw, accrding t the WHO. We d knw that ur bdies cannt take in “l(fā)arge” pieces f micrplastics. Hwever, if the plastics are small enugh, they can find ways int ur bdies and stay there fr a lng time, which can be bad fr ur health. What’s mre, earlier studies have shwn that micrplastics may cntribute t lung cancer risk.
Micrplastics have als been fund in rivers and ceans arund the wrld. Earlier research has fund that they flw ver lng distances and int ur ceans, hurting ecsystems alng the way. They start in ur wastewater, then flw int rivers and ut t the sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If peple then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.
1．We can learn frm Paragraph 1 that________.
A．the Arctic is the last really clean place left n earth
B．the Arctic is an icy land f pure white snw
C．the Arctic is a beautiful icy land with clean air
D． the Arctic has been plluted by plastic rubbish
2．The underlined wrd “cntribute” means “_______” in Chinese.
A．增加B．捐獻(xiàn)C．造成D．是……原因之一
3．Where d mst f the micrplastics in the snw cme frm?
A．Frm water.B．Frm air.C．Frm wind.D．Frm fd.
4．Which f the fllwing isn’t true?
A．We may breathe micrplastics in Arctic.
B．Micrplastics may cause lung cancer.
C．We dn’t have t mind micrplastics right nw.
D． Micrplastics have hurt ecsystems.
5．Hw des the writer end this passage?
A．By advising us t drink clean water.
B．By asking peple nt t eat sea animals.
C．By telling the seriusness f plastic pllutin.
D．By shwing the beauty f Arctic.
B
（2021·四川巴中·統(tǒng)考中考真題）
Three-tw-ne, fire!
At the mment f 9:43 a. m. n Tuesday, June 23rd, 2020, at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center（衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心） in Sichuan Prvince, the last satellite f the third-generatin netwrk（第三代導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)）was sent int space. It is the 55th member in the family f Beidu. It belngs t China’s Beidu Navigatin Satellite System（BDS北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)）.
S far, 59 satellites, including the first fur test nes, have been launched frm Xichang. With the develpment f China, we have already wned three ther famus satellite launch centers-Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Wenchang.
After a perid f tests in space, this new satellite has started t wrk with ther Beidu satellites tgether. It is designed t wrk fr at least 12 years. S far, China has cmpleted the third-generatin netwrk f China’s BDS. It was a new milestne in the natin’s research wrk. The launch shwed ur cuntry has cmpleted ur largest space-based system. It’s ne f fur glbal（全球的）navigatin netwrks, including the United States’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the Eurpean Unin’s Galile.
BDS has been widely used as public resurces（資源）in ur daily life. It has been shared by the whle wrld. It will prvide mre services arund the wrld. BDS is the cmmn wealth f the develpment f human beings.
6．Hw many satellites are there in the family f Beidu?
A．4.B．59.C．114.D．12.
7．Where did China launch the last satellite f the third-generatin netwrk?
A．Wenchang.B．Jiuquan.C．Taiyuan.D．Xichang.
8．GPS belngs t ________.
A．ChinaB．the Eurpean UninC．the United StatesD．Russia
9．What des the underlined wrd “milestne” mean in Chinese?
A．項目.B．事業(yè).C．位置.D．里程碑.
10．Accrding t the passage, we can knw that ________.
A．BDS is shared nly by China as public resurces
B．the last satellite BDS was launched n Tuesday, June 23, 2021
C．China has cmpleted the third-generatin netwrk f China’s BDS
D．this new satellite is designed t wrk fr at mst 12 years
C
（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）
The blue whale (鯨) is the largest animal alive tday. And ne f these whales has been caught making a big jurney thrugh the Suth Pacific. The whale was first recrded near the Galapags Islands, west f Csta Rica. Years later, that same whale was phtgraphed ff the cast f Chile in Suth America, a new study reprts. The tw places are separated by abut 5,200 kilmeters. That means the whale, nicknamed Isabella, swam farther than the distance between New Yrk and Ls Angeles.
Blue whales are fund in all the wrld’s ceans but live in deep waters. S there are few places where they can be fund easily. What’s mre, they were nearly driven by whaling a century ag. Ppulatins are increasing. But because there are s few f the animals, they are still cnsidered endangered.
One blue whale may lk like any ther t the untrained eye. But each animal has special spts (斑點). “We use thse spts as the fingerprints f blue whales,” Trres Flrez says. T make the cmparisn jb easier, scientists fcus n the area arund a whale’s drsal fin (鰭), which is n its back. “Cmparing thse spts we are able t tell if a whale is the same whale we saw in different places r if the same whale is seen during different years in the same place,” he says.
Isabella is prbably nt the nly blue whale t travel s far, the researchers say. Members f her ppulatin likely migrate regularly frm Chile t the Galapags. In summer mnths, Trres Flrez ntes, waters in the far suthern Pacific are laded with krill, but that fd disappears in winter. That’s when the whales travel nrth t warm, trpical (熱帶的) waters near the Galapags. There, instead f feeding, the whales prduce babies. Scientists dn’t yet knw why whales prefer t prduce babies in trpical lcatins. But the cean there may be warmer and calmer and have fewer killer whales that wuld feed n baby blue whales, Trres Flrez says.
11．What can we infer abut blue whales in Paragraph 2?
A．They are n lnger at the risk f dying ut.
B．It’s difficult fr scientists t study them.
C．They can’t live well in a new envirnment.
D．It is cmmn fr peple t see them wrldwide.
12．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．Hw t study blue whales.
B．The spts f blue whales.
C．Hw t find ut the exact blue whale.
D．The habits and lifestyle f blue whales.
13．What des the underlined wrd “migrate” mean?
A．演變B．分離C．遷徙D．繁殖
14．Accrding t Trres Flrez, whales prefer t prduce babies in trpical waters prbably because ________.
A．there is enugh fd fr baby blue whales
B．they dn’t have enemies there
C．it’s easy fr them t find a mate there
D．it’s easy fr baby blue whales t remain alive there
15．In which part f a newspaper wuld yu prbably read the passage?
A．Traditinal Custm.
B．Jb Wanted.
C．Schl Life.
D．Nature.
兩年模擬演練
A
（2021·湖南長沙·校考二模）
What wuld it be like t be ver 100 meters in the air? Besides taking a plane, there is a mre interesting and relaxing way t experience it: having a ride n a Ferris wheel (摩天輪).
Lndn Eye, England
With a height f abut 135 meters, the Lndn Eye is the tallest Ferris wheel in Eurpe. There are 32 cars (轎廂) and each can carry 25 peple at mst. On the ride, peple can get a view f the Twer f Lndn, Buckingham Palace and Big Ben. One turn takes half an hur.
High Rller, the US
It is the wrld’s tallest Ferris wheel. It is 168 meters tall. High Rller first pened in Las Vegas n March 31st, 2014. A ride takes 30 minutes. Yu can als enjy vides and music during the ride.
Tianjin Eye, China
Tianjin Eye, als knwn as The Yngle Bridge Tientsin Eye, is a 120-meter-tall Ferris wheel. It lies n a bridge ver the Haihe River in Tianjin, China. It is the nly Ferris wheel in the wrld t stand n a bridge. The wheel has 48 cars. Each can take eight passengers. Peple can get gd views f the city during the 30-minute trip.
Rue de Paris, France
Rue de Paris lks like all the ther Ferris wheels. It is abut 60 meters tall and has 42 cars. A ride takes abut 25 minutes. But peple can mve it. Because f this, the big wheel has been t many ther places like Manchester in the UK and Bangkk in Thailand.
The first Fenris wheel was designed by Gerge Washingtn Ferris t cmpete with the Eiffel Twer. But nwadays it gains much ppularity nt nly because f its functin as a sightseeing (觀光) tl, but als fr its meaning f rmance and happiness. S dn’t hesitate (猶豫) t have a try if yu have a chance!
16．Hw many peple can Lndn Eye carry at mst?
A．25.B．135.C．800.
17．Where is the tallest Ferris wheel in the wrld?
A．In the UK.B．In the US.C．In China.
18．Which ne is the nly mvable Ferris wheel amng the fur?
A．Lndn Eye.B．High Rller.C．Rue de Paris.
19．What des the underlined wrd “functin” mean in Paragraph 6?
A．外表B．功能C．位置
20．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Tianjin Eye lies n a bridge ver the Haihe River.
B．Visitrs can watch vides and listen t music n Rue de Paris.
C．Having a ride n the fur Ferris wheels needs the same time.
B
（2022·甘肅金昌·?？家荒＃?br>Tangchang, a twn in Chengdu, is well-knwn fr clth shes. With ver 20 types, Tangchang clth shes are strng, cmfrtable, breathable and friendly t the envirnment. In 2018, they were added t Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage list (非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄). 63-year-ld Lai Shufang has spent ver 40 years making Tangchang clth shes. Nw she is a master. She said there are 32 steps t make a pair, but the mst imprtant step is making the sles.
Layers (層) f white clth are glued tgether with flur paste (糨糊). “T make gd paste, we make it at a temperature f 85℃. If it’s t lw r t high, the paste will nt wrk.” Lai said. Then the pasted layers are dried and cut int different shapes. After this, the layered clth is beaten again and again until it is tight (緊實的) enugh t make sles and upper parts. The next step is t shape the tw parts and glue them tgether. But still the sles’ edges lk fluffy. Thrugh repeated plishing and trimming, the fluffy edges (毛邊) will becme smth. Then the clth shes are ready.
Lai’s hard wrk tuched her sn Ai Peng. In 2015, Ai decided t leave his jb and help his mther. He used Shu embridery t make the shes lk mre beautiful and pened a clth she stre nline. He als set up shp windws t shw the steps f making shes, helping mre peple learn abut the art f clth shes.
21．What is the mst imprtant step in making Tangchang clth shes accrding t Ms. Lai?
A．Making the sles.B．Making the upper parts.
C．Making gd flur paste.D．Making the edges.
22．What is the crrect rder f the fllwing steps f making Tangchang clth shes?
①beating the layered clth
②making flur paste at an exact temperature
③gluing the upper parts and the sles tgether
A．③②①B．②③①C．②①③D．①②③
23．Hw many things has Lai’s sn dne t make the clth shes mre ppular?
A．Tw.B．Three.C．Fur.D．Five.
24．Which f the fllwing questins is answered in the passage?
A．What are the features f Tangchang clth shes?
B．When did Ms. Lai becme a master f clth shes?
C．What’s the mst imprtant material in making clth shes?
D．Hw d peple make Shu embridery?
25．What is the best tile fr this passage?
A．A Talented Shemaker, Lai ShufangB．Hand-made Clth Shes in Tangchang
C．Tangchang, a Well-knwn Twn in ChengduD．Shu embridery

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