人教版 (2019)必修第三冊(cè)Unit 4 Space Exploration優(yōu)秀單元測(cè)試當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)題-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

人教版新教材高一必修三4單元測(cè)試卷（滿分100，時(shí)間60分鐘）第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分） A A ban on tourists sitting on Rome’s famous Spanish Steps has divided the capital. Under new rules, police have started telling tourists they can no longer sit on the 135 steps, which sweep from the imposing church of Trinita de’ Monti down to Piazza di Spagna in the heart of the city. Police began patrolling the 18th-century marble steps on Tuesday, blowing whistles at those sitting down. The monument, a Unesco world heritage site, has long been the ideal resting spot for tired visitors and holds a special allure at sunset. Visitors who defy the ban can be fined €250, which increases to €400 if they have dirtied or damaged the stone staircase, which was made famous by the 1953 romantic comedy Roman Holiday, starring Gregory Peck and Audrey Hepburn. The new rules are an attempt to stop tourists eating and drinking on the Steps. But the ban has been condemned as too stringent. Vittorio Sgarbi, a high-profile art critic and cultural heritage expert, said: “The rule is excessive, almost Fascist. Banning tourists from sitting down is really excessive.” But it was welcomed by business owners in the area. “This is a small return to civility,” said Gianni Battistoni, the president of an association of businesses. Viviana Di Capua, the head of an association of residents of the historic centre of Rome, said: “Rome needs to be respected and people need to understand that not everything is allowed.” Davide Sermoneta, the head of an association of business owners in the area, said many tourists were badly behaved. “They don’t understand that they are in a city of history and beauty.” This fine comes on the heels of other recent Italian preservation efforts: swimming banned in Trevi fountain; Florence's eating-in-the-streets ban; and so on. While some recent moves seem to be a direct attempt to curb overtourism, this particular fine is aimed at preservation actually. Park benches, sidewalk cafes and terraces welcome tired travelers, encouraging guests to sit and stay awhile. ?1. What does the ban include? A. Tourists can’t sit on Rome’s famous Spanish Steps. B. Tourists can’t sit on those park benches of Rome. C. Tourists can’t sit in those sidewalk cafes of Rome. D. Tourists can’t watch the beautiful sunset of Rome. 2. What made Spanish Steps famous? A. The beautiful sunset of the square. B. The comedy Roman Holiday. C. The delicious wine and coffee. D. The famous Trevi fountain. 3. Who is against the ban? A. Davide Sermoneta B. Viviana Di Capua C. Gianni Battistoni D. Vittorio Sgarbi B It’s a real case of fish out of water. Blennies (鲇魚(yú)) in the South Pacific Ocean are gradually relocating to land to escape their predators (捕食者), in an example of evolution in action. Fish first began crawling onto dry land about 400 million years ago, kicking off an evolutionary chain of events that led to humans. But their reasons for exiting the sea have been uncertain. To look for clues, Terry Ord at the University of New South Wales in Australia has been studying several species of blennies at Rarotonga, the largest of the Cook Islands. At low tide, blennies are commonly found swimming in rock pools around the edges of the island. But when high tide moves in, they climb up to dry land and move around the rocks until the tide retreats. The researchers found that this is most likely to avoid predators that swim in with the rising tide – mainly bigger fish like lionfish. To test what would happen if blennies did not have an escape plan, they made blenny models and sank them in the sea. The mimics ended up with wounds, bite marks and chunks-missing. Of course, there are still dangers for blennies on land, like the occasional bird attack, but the predation risk on land is a third that of underwater. What’s more, moving onto land has additional benefits for blennies. Holes in the rocks provide sheltered nests for laying eggs, and they can maintain their diet of bacteria. In fact, several species of blenny fish at Rarotonga have already made the full transition to land-dwelling (陸生的) species. They continue to breathe with their gills, but have developed stronger tail fins and jump from rock to rock. Ord believes that many evolutionary processes have been driven by the need to escape predators. “It is often assumed that animals move homes to find new sources of food, but in many cases, escaping predators is a stronger motivation.” he says. 4. Why do blennies climb to dry land when high tide comes? A. To acquire better health. B. To search for more food. C. To seek safer living conditions. D. To adapt to a new environment. 5. What does the underlined part “The mimics” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A. The rocks in the water. B. The predators of blennies. C. The researchers of blennies. D. The models of blennies. 6. What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A. Ord’s research opens a new view. B. Ord wonders why animals move homes. C. Ord shows us the benefits of blennies’ evolution. D. Ord has discovered how fish have become land dwellers. 第二節(jié) （15分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Five steps to make a difference to the oceans The oceans are being seriously polluted now. Plastics are harming the marine (海產(chǎn)的) life. Carbon pollution is warming the oceans and increasing their acidity(酸度). Waters are being overfished. 1 Here are some steps we can take to help make a difference. 1. Bring our own bags. 2 Try carrying a reusable bag at all times, including while traveling, and bringing our own things to work to avoid relying on plastic items. 2. Talk about it now. We should carry that conversation into public places. Talk to our friends and family about why the ocean is important and why we take steps to help it, and challenge them to do the same. 3. 3 A good way to make a difference is to organize a garbage cleanup now. Whether it’s an inland cleanup or one near the coast, plan one in our community. 4. Throw away our cars. 4 When we hang out, we should reduce our carbon footprint, which may help slow global warming and ocean acidification as well as conserve energy 5. Recycle, obviously. Experts say recycling is an obvious action to take. Check on what can be recycled in our community, and make sure you’re separating out your plastic. In summary, think about it more and act on it more. The more someone thinks about plastics and plastics pollution, the environment and the consequences of our actions, the more likely they are to act on it. 5 A. Plan a cleanup. B. Choose public transportation over driving our cars. C. Driving cars is not a good way to protect the oceans. D. However, experts say there’s still hope to make a difference. E. However, marine life plays a very important role in the oceans. F. If everyone can contribute to the oceans, the oceans will be well preserved. G. Whenever we put something, we should bring our own bag, but not a plastic one. 第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（15分） William Lindesay was born in Wallasey of England in 1956. He fell in love with the Great Wall at 11. "I fell in 1 with it immediately," he said in an interview with China Daily. "I thought it would be a great journey, a great 2 if one day I could travel along it, from end to end." At 30 William Lindesay began his journey in 1987. He 3 78 days covering 2,470 kilometers. It's an epic 4 from the far west of China to the point 5 the structure meets the sea. On one expedition out in the Gobi Desert, the explorer almost 6 from dehydration(脫水). Lindesay is winner of the 1998 Friendship Award and 2008 Beijing Great Wall Friendship Award. He also 7 the Order of the British Empire from the Queen in 2006 for his 8 to cultural exchanges between China and Britain. During his 9 , he noticed some sections of the wall were badly 10 and covered with litter. Modernization and development were?making the situation even 11 . Some people say it will take 12 to change; I say we don't have generations of time. It's got to be much quicker." he said. Lindesay always carries a garbage bag with him in the wilderness, 13 litter along the way. The cloth 14 bears a set of nine simple guidelines in Chinese, which 15 people to observe while 16 or camping outdoors: "Take your own garbage home," "Pick up litter 17 by others," "Don't damage plants or flowers, or pick fruit" and lots more. "Every person can make a 18 . If we can get a billion Chinese people to be 19 , China will be a green, beautiful and 20 country to live in," he said. 1. A. love B. emotion C. faith D. belief 2. A. campaign B. adventure C. procedure D. trial 3. A. took B. cost C. spent D. paid 4. A. way B. approach C. method D. journey 5. A. where B. when C. which D. when 6. A. stop B. help C. warn D. died 7. A. raised B. handled C. received D. reported 8. A. attention B. contribution C. connection D. organization 9. A. exploration B. invention C. addition D. consideration 10. A. hid B. damaged C. exchanged D. distributed 11.A. worse B. better C. faster D. hotter 12. A. functions B. vacations C. generations D. questions 13. A. picking B. parking C. filling D. testing 14. A. hat B. bag C. coat D. vest 15. A. go on B. turn on C. depend on D. calls on 16. A. meeting B. working C. traveling D. practicing 17. A. left B. read C. saved D. moved 18.A. importance B. difference C. confidence D. absence 19. A. artists B. biologists C. chemists D. environmentalists 20. A. healthy B. wealthy C. normal D. tough 第二節(jié) （滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Tiny pieces of plastic have been found in ice cores drilled in the Arctic by a US-led team of scientists. The growing form of pollution poses to marine life in even the remotest waters on the planet. The researchers think microplastics are being blown about by winds and then—through mechanisms which are not 1 (full) understood—transported long distances through the atmosphere. The particles are then "washed" out 2 the atmosphere through rain or snow. Microplastics are not a specific kind of plastic, but rather any type of plastic fragment 3 is less than 5 mm in 4 (long). They enter natural ecosystems from a 5 (various)of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and 6 (industry) processes. 7 (global), we are ingesting an average of 5 grams of plastic every week, the equivalent of a credit card. It found that the average person consumes 8 many as 1,769 particles of plastic every week just by 9 (drink) water—bottled or from the tap. Plastic is not a particularly harmful material, however there is the potential that it does significant harm. Further research is needed into the impact of long-term plastic exposure. But if microplastics are shown to damage human health, it will be very difficult 10 (remove) them from the environment. The discovery is especially disturbing because, according to the study, "the Arctic is still widely conceived as one of the last pristine environments on the globe." 第二節(jié) 書面表達(dá)（滿分35分）假設(shè)你是王明，請(qǐng)你寫一篇文章，描述你最喜歡的動(dòng)物，向?qū)W校校報(bào)投稿。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫人教版新教材高一必修三4單元測(cè)試卷答案及解析第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分） A 1. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容Under new rules, police have started telling tourists they can no longer sit on the 135 steps…根據(jù)新規(guī)定，警方已開(kāi)始告知游客，他們不能再坐在135級(jí)的西班牙臺(tái)階上了?？芍鸢笧锳。 2. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段which was made famous by the 1953 romantic comedy Roman Holiday, starring Gregory Peck and Audrey Hepburn. 1953年，格里高利·派克和奧黛麗·赫本主演的浪漫喜劇《羅馬假日》使石階聞名于世?？芍鸢笧锽。 3. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段 But the ban has been condemned as too stringent. Vittorio Sgarbi, a high-profile art critic and cultural heritage expert, said: “The rule is excessive, almost Fascist. Banning tourists from sitting down is really excessive.” 但是一些人譴責(zé)這項(xiàng)禁令過(guò)于嚴(yán)厲。知名藝術(shù)評(píng)論家和文化遺產(chǎn)專家維托里奧·斯加比說(shuō)：“這一禁令太過(guò)分了，幾乎是法西斯主義。…..但是禁止游客坐在那里實(shí)在是太過(guò)分了?！笨芍xD。 B 4. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段“The researchers found that this is most likely to avoid predators that swim in with the rising tide – mainly bigger fish like lionfish.”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這很可能是為了躲避那些隨著潮水而來(lái)的捕食者——主要是像獅子魚(yú)這樣的大魚(yú)。所以為什么鲇魚(yú)在漲潮時(shí)爬到陸地上的原因是因?yàn)樗麄儗で蟾踩纳顥l件。故C選項(xiàng)正確。 5. D 推理判斷題。由第六段“To test what would happen if blennies did not have an escape plan, they made blenny models and sank them in the sea. The mimics ended up with wounds, bite marks and chunks-missing.”可知，為了測(cè)試如果鲇魚(yú)模型沒(méi)有逃生計(jì)劃會(huì)發(fā)生什么，他們制作了鲇魚(yú)模型，并把它們沉到海里。這些鲇魚(yú)模型最后留下了傷口、咬痕和大塊肉不見(jiàn)了。所以判斷出第6段劃線部分“The mimics”指的是鲇魚(yú)的模型。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 6. A推理判斷題。由最后段“It is often assumed that animals move homes to find new sources of food, but in many cases, escaping predators is a stronger motivation.”可知，人們通常認(rèn)為動(dòng)物搬家是為了尋找新的食物來(lái)源，但在很多情況下，逃離捕食者是更大的動(dòng)機(jī)。所以?shī)W德的觀點(diǎn)與人們認(rèn)為動(dòng)物搬家是為了尋找新的食物來(lái)源不同，他認(rèn)為逃離捕食者是它們搬家的更大的動(dòng)機(jī)。這樣的理論為人們認(rèn)識(shí)動(dòng)物搬家研究開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)新的視角。所以從最后一段可以得出結(jié)論是奧德的研究開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)新的視野。故A選項(xiàng)正確。第二節(jié) （15分） 1. D 由“The oceans are being seriously polluted now. Plastics are harming the marine (海產(chǎn)的) life. Carbon pollution is warming the oceans and increasing their acidity(酸度). Waters are being overfished. 1 Here are some steps we can take to help make a difference.”可知，現(xiàn)在海洋受到嚴(yán)重污染。塑料正在傷害海洋生物的生命。碳污染使海洋變暖，增加了它們的酸度。水域被過(guò)度捕撈。以下是我們可以采取的一些步驟來(lái)幫助做出改變。所以小題1要起到與前面的句子轉(zhuǎn)折的作用，才能夠引起下文“以下是我們可以采取的一些步驟來(lái)幫助做出改變”。故D選項(xiàng)“然而，專家表示，仍有希望做出改變”符合句意，故D選項(xiàng)正確。 2. G 由小標(biāo)題“ Bring our own bags. ”可知，帶上自己的袋子。所以小題2要說(shuō)明當(dāng)我們放東西的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該自己帶包，而不是塑料制成的袋子，在結(jié)合空處后面的句子一同來(lái)說(shuō)明。避免塑料袋子能夠有效幫助改變海洋環(huán)境。故G選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)我們放東西的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該自己帶包，而不是塑料袋”符合句意。故G選項(xiàng)正確。 3. A 由“A good way to make a difference is to organize a garbage cleanup now. Whether it’s an inland cleanup or one near the coast, plan one in our community.”可知，改變現(xiàn)狀的一個(gè)好方法是現(xiàn)在就組織一次垃圾清理。無(wú)論是內(nèi)陸清理還是海岸附近的清理，在我們的社區(qū)里計(jì)劃一次垃圾清理活動(dòng)。所以本段主要是圍繞著“計(jì)劃清理垃圾”而展開(kāi)的也就是本段小標(biāo)題小題3的內(nèi)容。故A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)劃清理垃圾”符合句意。故A選項(xiàng)正確。 4. B 由小標(biāo)題“ Throw away our cars.”可知，不開(kāi)車。所以小題4要表明用什么樣的方式來(lái)取代開(kāi)車，從此達(dá)到節(jié)能減排的目的。故B選項(xiàng)“選擇公共交通而不是開(kāi)車”符合句意。故B選項(xiàng)正確。 5. F由“The more someone thinks about plastics and plastics pollution, the environment and the consequences of our actions, the more likely they are to act on it.”可知，人們?cè)较胨芰虾退芰衔廴?，環(huán)境和我們行為的后果，他們就越可能采取行動(dòng)。所以小題5與前一句都是對(duì)短文總結(jié)的內(nèi)容。故F選項(xiàng)“如果每個(gè)人都能為海洋做出貢獻(xiàn)，那么海洋將會(huì)得到很好的保護(hù)”。故F選項(xiàng)正確。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（15分） 1. A 考察動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)fall in love with…“愛(ài)上”。 A. love愛(ài)；B. emotion情感；C. faith信任； D. belief相信。本句意為：“我立刻就愛(ài)上了它，”他在接受《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》采訪時(shí)表示，“我想，如果有一天我能從頭到尾沿著它走一趟，那將是一次偉大的旅行，一次偉大的冒險(xiǎn)。”故選A。 2. B考查名詞辨析。 A. campaign 運(yùn)動(dòng)；B. adventure；冒險(xiǎn)C. procedure過(guò)程；D. trial實(shí)驗(yàn)。本句意為：“我立刻就愛(ài)上了它，”他在接受《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》采訪時(shí)表示，“我想，如果有一天我能從頭到尾沿著它走一趟，那將是一次偉大的旅行，一次偉大的冒險(xiǎn)。”故選B。 3. C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. took 攜帶；B. cost 花費(fèi)，主語(yǔ)為物或事；C. spent(人)花費(fèi)… D. paid付款。本句意為“他用78天“丈量”了2470公里的長(zhǎng)城。”故選C。 4. D 考查名詞辨析。 A. way 方法，道路；B. approach方法，接近；C. method 方法；D. journey旅程。本句意為：這是一段史詩(shī)般的旅程，始于遙遠(yuǎn)的中國(guó)西部，終于長(zhǎng)城與大海交匯的地方。故選D。 5. A考查副詞辨析。本句考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處表示地點(diǎn)，故選A。 6. D 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.stop停止；B.help幫助；C.warn警告；D. died死。本句意為：在戈壁沙漠的一次探險(xiǎn)中，這位探險(xiǎn)家險(xiǎn)些死于脫水。故選D。 7.C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. raised舉起，抬高；B. handled應(yīng)付，處理；C. received收到；C. reported報(bào)道。本句意為：2006年，他還因?qū)χ杏⑽幕涣鞯呢暙I(xiàn)，被英女王授予大英帝國(guó)勛章。故選C。 8. B 考查名詞辨析。A. attention 注意；B. contribution貢獻(xiàn)； C. connection連接，練習(xí)；D. organization組織。本句意為：2006年，他還因?qū)χ杏⑽幕涣鞯呢暙I(xiàn)，被英女王授予大英帝國(guó)勛章。故選B。 9. A 考查名詞辨析。A. exploration 探索；B. invention發(fā)明；C. addition 另外；D. consideration考慮。本句意為：在長(zhǎng)城上行走的30多年里，威廉·林賽發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)城受到日益嚴(yán)重的自然風(fēng)化及人為破壞。故選A。 10. B 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. hid 隱藏；B. ?damaged 破環(huán)；C. exchanged 交換；D. distributed分配。本句意為：在他的探險(xiǎn)過(guò)程中，他注意到長(zhǎng)城的部分城段嚴(yán)重受損，被垃圾覆蓋?，F(xiàn)代化和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展使情況更加惡化。故選B。 11. A 考查形容詞辨析。A. worse 更壞的；B. better更好的；C. faster 更快的；D. hotter更熱的。本句意為：在他的探險(xiǎn)過(guò)程中，他注意到長(zhǎng)城的部分城段嚴(yán)重受損，被垃圾覆蓋?，F(xiàn)代化和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展使情況更加惡化。故選A。 12. C 考查名詞辨析。A. functions 作用；B. vacations 假期；C. generations一代人； D. questions問(wèn)題。本句意為：林賽說(shuō)，“有些人說(shuō)這需要幾代人來(lái)改變；而我認(rèn)為，我們沒(méi)有幾代人的時(shí)間，我們必須趕快行動(dòng)?！惫蔬xC。 13. A 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. picking 撿，拾；B. parking停車；C. filling裝滿；D. testing測(cè)試。本句意為：林賽在野外總是隨身帶著一個(gè)垃圾袋，一路邊走邊撿垃圾。故選A。 14. B 考查名詞辨析。A. hat帽子；B. bag 包，口袋；C. coat 外套；D. vest背心。本句意為：這款布袋上寫著9條簡(jiǎn)單的中文準(zhǔn)則，呼吁人們?cè)诼糜位蚵稜I(yíng)時(shí)遵守這些準(zhǔn)則。故選B。 15. D 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A. go on 繼續(xù)；B. turn on打開(kāi)； C. depend on 依賴；D. calls on號(hào)召。本句意為：這款布袋上寫著9條簡(jiǎn)單的中文準(zhǔn)則，呼吁人們?cè)诼糜位蚵稜I(yíng)時(shí)遵守這些準(zhǔn)則。故選D。 16. C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. meeting遇到；B. working工作；C. traveling旅行；D. practicing實(shí)踐。本句意為：這款布袋上寫著9條簡(jiǎn)單的中文準(zhǔn)則，呼吁人們?cè)诼糜位蚵稜I(yíng)時(shí)遵守這些準(zhǔn)則。故選C。 17. A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. left 剩下的；B. read閱讀；C. saved救；D. moved 移動(dòng)。本句意為：“把自己的垃圾帶回家”、“撿起別人留下的垃圾”、“不要破壞花草，不要摘水果”等等。故選A。 18. B 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)make a difference 有影響。A. importance 重要性；B. difference不同； C. confidence信心； D. absence缺席。本句意為：每個(gè)人都能做出改變。故選B。 19. D 考查名詞辨析。A. artists藝術(shù)家；B. biologists生物學(xué)家；C. chemists 化學(xué)家；D. environmentalists環(huán)保主義者。本句意為：如果我們能號(hào)召10億中國(guó)人成為環(huán)保主義者，那么中國(guó)將變成一個(gè)綠色、美麗、健康的國(guó)家。故選D。 20. A 考查形容詞辨析。A. healthy 健康的；B. wealthy富有的；C. normal正常的；D. tough艱難的。本句意為：如果我們能號(hào)召10億中國(guó)人成為環(huán)保主義者，那么中國(guó)將變成一個(gè)綠色、美麗、健康的國(guó)家。故選A。第二節(jié) （滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。【答案】1. fully 2. of 3. that 4. length 5. variety 6. industrial 7. Globally 8. as 9. drinking 10. to remove 第二節(jié) 書面表達(dá)（滿分35分） One possible version: There are various animals in our world. Some people like monkeys, some people like dogs, and some people like cats, but I like rabbits best, because I think the rabbit is very lovely! 　　　 The rabbit has two long ears, two red and small eyes, and a small nose. And it has a different mouth. It looks very small and lovely. The rabbit likes eating carrots and glass. It likes running and jumping, and the rabbit runs very fast. Most importantly, they can make people feel better. I have two rabbits. When I am worried or afraid, they could comfort me. They have become my friends. They are very important to me and I love them.　　

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