北師大版 (2019)必修第一冊Lesson 1 The Underdog教案及反思-教案下載-教習網(wǎng)

?Unit2 Topic talk&Lesson1

Topic Talk
1．a(chǎn)thlete n．運動員→athletic adj．運動的→athletics n．田徑運動
2． frequency n．發(fā)生的頻率，發(fā)生率→frequent adj．經(jīng)常的 → frequently adv．頻繁地；經(jīng)常
3．prefer vt. 較喜歡，更喜歡→preference n．偏好，喜好→preferable adj. 更可取的，更合適的
4．cyclevi．騎自行車→cyclistn．騎自行車的人
5．bowling n．保齡球→ bowl n．碗 v.(草地滾球戲或保齡球運動中)滾球，投球
6．balance n．[U,sing.]均衡，平衡；[U]平衡能力→balanced adj．保持（或顯示）平衡的
8．regularly adv．經(jīng)常；定期地→regular adj．規(guī)律的；規(guī)則的→regulation n．規(guī)則→regulatevt．約束；控制；管理

Lesson 1
1．inspirationn．激勵；靈感→inspirevt．鼓勵；激勵→inspiringadj. 令人鼓舞的→inspired adj. 感到鼓舞的
2．replacement n．替換的人（物）→ replace vt．代替
3．sharply adv．嚴厲地，毫不客氣地；猛烈地→sharp adj．急劇的，猛烈的；尖的，鋒利的；adv．（時間）整點→sharpen vi．&vt．（使）變得鋒利→sharpener n．[C] 磨具，削具
4．energy n．精力，活力→energetic adj．有活力的
5．crowdn．人群→crowdedadj．擁擠的
6．clap vt．&vi．鼓掌，拍手→ clapping [現(xiàn)在分詞] → clapped[過去式] → clapped[過去分詞]

重點單詞與短語精析
★課標詞 ▲高頻詞
▲★1. prefer vt. 更喜歡，喜歡……多于…… (preferred , preferred , preferring)
【用法歸納】
prefer doing sth./to do sth. 更喜歡做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
prefer A to B 與B相比更喜歡A（to為介詞）
prefer doing A to doing B 與做B相比更喜歡做A
prefer to do A rather than (to) do B （=would rather do A than do B/
would do A rather than do B）寧愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer + that從句希望/更喜歡……（從句謂語常用“should +動詞原形”，should可以省略）
?We can eat out if you like, but I would prefer staying/ to stay in.
如果你愿意的話我們可以去外面吃飯，但我更傾向于待在家里。
?I prefer to walk there rather than go by car. =I would rather walk there than go by car.
我寧愿步行去那兒而不愿開車去。
?They preferred the money (should) be used for building schools and hospitals.
他們更愿意拿這筆錢來建學校和醫(yī)院。
【注意】
1. prefer意為“更喜歡”，相當于 like better，因此不能再與比較級連用
2. prefer不能用于進行時
3. 要注意區(qū)分 prefer的搭配中to為不定式符號還是介詞
【拓展】詞性拓展
preferable adj. 更可取的，更合適的
preference n. [C,U]偏好，喜好；[C]偏愛的事物，最喜愛的東西
have a preference for sth. 偏愛某物 in preference to 而不是
[語境串記]I prefer the preferable suggestion you mentioned in the book in preference to the words you told me yesterday. 我更喜歡你在書中提到的那個更可取的建議，而不是你昨天告訴我的那些話。
【練習】語法填空
①(浙江高考單項填空改編) We most prefer saying/to say (say) yes to the requests of someone we know and like.
②They prefer to put (put) off the birthday party till next Sunday rather than (to) hold (hold)it without the presenceof their manager.
③(浙江高考單項填空改編) Peopledevelop a preference for a particular style of learning at an early age and these preferences affect learning. (prefer)
④I am busy preparing for the finalexamination. I prefer that you(should) come (come)tomorrow rather than today.
⑤I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcomeceremony next month.
⑥I can’t say which type of tea tastes better. It’s just a matter of personal preference prefer.
⑦(2018·江蘇閱讀理解改編) Time ismoney, but that principle means differentthings for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shopsprefer customers to stay (stay)longerand spend.

2. rather than
【用法歸納】rather than意為“而不是……”，常用于連接平行結構，它連接的并列成分可以是動詞、動詞不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞短語、v-ing或句子等。
?He is a sailor rather than an explorer.他是一個海員，而不是一個探險者。(連接兩個名詞)
?He is kind- hearted rather than foolish.他是好心，而不是傻。(連接兩個形容詞)
?He asked me how I found the hole rather than how I escaped.
他問我是怎樣發(fā)現(xiàn)這個洞的，而不是問我怎樣逃出來的。(連接兩個句子)
【注意】
l. rather than連接兩個不定式時，后一個不定式常省略to，但rather than位于句首時，跟不帶to的動詞不定式。
?He wanted to swim rather than play volleyball.他想去游泳,而不是打排球。
?Rather than stay here, I prefer to leave.我寧愿離開也不愿待在這里。
2. rather than連接的兩個并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞應與 rather than前面的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，即“就遠原則”。具有相同用法的詞語還有aswell as,with, besides等。
?Yourather than I are going to go camping.要去野營的是你，而不是我。
?The father rather than the brothers is responsible for the accident.為這起事故負責的是那個父親，而不是那些兄弟。
【練習】語法填空
1.(浙江高考單項填空改編) Facing up toyour problems rather than running (run) away from them is the bestapproach to working things out.
2.(2020·四川省南充高級中學月考)Iprefer to stay at home all night to make upthe lost time rather than watch (watch) TV programs.
3. You rather than your sister are (be) to run the shop after your parents retire.
4.(安徼高考單項填空改編) What weexpect from you is working hard ratherthan hardly working (work).

▲★3. diet
【用法歸納】
(1)n.[C,U]日常飲食；[C]規(guī)定飲食(為健康或減肥等目的)
a balanced/ healthy diet一種均衡/健康的飲食
be on a diet節(jié)食(表狀態(tài))
go on a diet節(jié)食(表動作)
?To keep healthy, we must have a balanced diet.為了保持健康，我們必須有一個均衡的飲食。
?My sister is on a diet, but she can’t resist the temptation of sweet food.我的姐姐在節(jié)食，但她抵制不住甜食的誘惑。
?Many people have come to realize that they should go on a diet and spare some time forexercise in their daily life.
很多人都已經(jīng)開始意識到在日常生活中他們應該節(jié)食并抽出一些時間鍛煉。
(2)v.節(jié)食，進行規(guī)定飲食
?She’s always dieting but she never seems to lose any weight.她總是在節(jié)食，但體重好像從未減少。
【練習】完成句子
1.(2020·黑龍江哈三中期末) He must beon a diet (節(jié)食). He looksmuch thinner than he used to be.
2. Plants need water and sunlight to growwell. Similarly, healthy body requiresa balanced diet(均衡的飲食).
3. As a matter of fact, you can’t expect toloseweight simply bygoing on a diet/ dieting.(節(jié)食)

4. make it
【用法歸納】
(1)獲得成功
?The little boy tried more than once and made it at last.小男孩試了不止一次，終于成功了。
(2)能夠出席(或到場)。后接賓語時需加介詞to。
?Nice to see you.I’m glad you could make it.見到你真好。我很高興你能來。
?I’m afraid I can’t make it to the meeting tomorrow.恐怕我明天不能出席會議了。
(3)(尤指在困難情況下)準時到達，趕上。后接賓語時常帶有介詞to，后面的賓語通常是表示地點的名詞。
?The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we will never make it.再過二十分鐘飛機就起飛了，我們無論如何也趕不上了。
?For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.
然而，對于許多到了道森的人來說，這趟艱難的旅程是值得的。(2018·全國Ⅲ卷)
【練習】判斷下列句子中 make it的含義
①What a strong wind I don’t think we will make it to the airport on time. 準時到達
②After so many years of hard work in the field of music, she finally made it. 獲得成功
③I’m really sorry that I won’t be able to make it on Sunday after all. 能夠出席(或到場)

5. try out for參加……選拔(或試演)
【用法歸納】
?These teams are going to try out for the Olympic Games這些隊伍要參加奧林匹克運動會的選拔賽。
?She is trying out for the school play.她正在參加學校戲劇演員甄選。
【拓展】try構成的其他短語：
try on試穿 try for力爭贏得 try out(onsb.)測試，試驗，試用(某人)
try one’s best盡某人最大的努力
【練習】用try的相關短語完成句子
①While hetried out forthe freshmanbasketball team in highschool, Michael didn’t make it as a member.
②The boy’s dream was to have his own laboratory totry out some of his own ideas.
③Why nottry onthat suit to see if itmatches your shirt?

▲★5. desire
【用法歸納】
(1)n. 愿望，渴望，欲望
have a desire for/ to do sth. 渴望得到某物/做某事
?He has a strong desire to join the army. 他非?？释麉④姟?br /> ?His desire is that he (should) visit the Great Wall someday.他的愿望是有一天能參觀長城。
(2)v. 渴望，期望，想望
desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire + that從句希望……
?We always desire to live in peace with our neighbors.我們一直希望能與我們的鄰居和睦相處。
?She desires that he (should) come at once. She desires him to come at once. 他想讓他馬上過來。
【注意】當 desire (意為“渴望，期望”)作動詞后接賓語從句，以及 desire作名詞后接同位語從句或表語從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句的謂語用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。
?He desires that his book (should) reach as many people as possible.他期望他的書能引起盡可能多的人的注意。
[語境串記] My daughter is now a senior high school student. She desires/has a desire that she (should) be admitted to a famous university. Besides, she has a strong desire to major in English while I desire her to study medicine in the future. But now she desires to have a good time in the coming summer holiday. 我的女兒現(xiàn)在是一名高中生。她渴望被一所著名的大學錄取。此外，她非?？释餍抻⒄Z，而我希望她將來學醫(yī)。但是現(xiàn)在她渴望在即將到來的暑假中過得愉快。
【練習】語法填空
①(2020·廈門福建校級月考)Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed (succeed).
②Fashion is a competitive and hard business where people’s desire for new ideas is hard to satisfy.
③Actually, all of us desire to achieve (achieve) success, but sometimes our actions don’t correspond with(與……一致) what we desire.
④We desire that immediate help (should) be given (give) to the local villagers who have been suffering from the rising floodwater.
2.單句寫作
那位老婦人希望她的女兒時常來看她。(desire)
The old woman desires her daughter to come and see her from time to time. 或 The old woman desires that her daughter
(should)visit her now and then.

6. pay off
【用法歸納】
(1)取得成功，奏效。為不及物動詞短語。
?With the help of a lot of people, our plan paid off.在很多人的幫助下，我們的計劃成功了。
?All his efforts have paid off and his dream has come true.他所有的努力都得到了回報，他的夢想實現(xiàn)了。
(2)付清，償清；付清工資后解雇，遣散。為及物動詞短語。
?The poor couple worked hard day and night in order to pay off their debts. 這對可憐的夫婦日夜努力工作以償清債務。
【拓展】pay構成的其他短語
pay back還錢；報復 pay for...支付……的錢；為……付出代價
【練習】結合pay的相關短語完成句子
①Our teachers often tell us that every minute we spend on studying will finally pay off in the near future.
②J.K. Rowling spent many hours in a warm cafe because she had no money to pay for the heating at home.

[高頻短語]7. keep up with
【用法歸納】
(1)跟上，與……齊步前進
?I had to walk fast to keep up with him. 我要快走才能跟上他。
?Jack is having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class. 杰克很難跟上班里的其他同學。
(2)與(某人)保持聯(lián)系
?She still kept up with her classmates after graduation. 畢業(yè)后她仍然與她的同班同學保持聯(lián)系。
【拓展】keep構成的其他短語：
keep off (sb./sth.) 讓開，不接近；使……不接近
keep away (from) 遠離……，避免接近……
keep on (doing sth.) 繼續(xù)(做某事)
keep sth. back 抑制(或阻止)感情等的流露
【練習】用keep的相關短語完成句子
①Today the students in the countryside should have easy access to computers to keep up with the modern times.
②Proper physical exercise enables the youth to work effectively and to keep away from disease.
③Deeply moved by the play, she could hardly keep back her tears.

▲★8. earn
【用法歸納】
(1)vt. 贏得，博得
earn sb. sth. 為某人贏得某物
earn a reputation 贏得聲譽
earn the respect/ trust of sb. 贏得某人的尊敬/信任
?His outstanding ability earned him a place on the team. 他非凡的能力為他在隊中贏得了一席之地。
earn one’s/a living短語中的one’s和a不能換成the，且 living只能用單數(shù)形式。

?Your efforts will earn you a good reputation.你的努力將會為你贏得佳譽。
?As a teacher, she had earned the respect of the students.
作為教師，她贏得了學生們的尊敬。
(2)vt.&vi. 掙得，賺得
earn money(= make money)賺錢，掙錢
earn/one’s living(= make a/one’s living)謀生
?My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
我爺爺說去年夏天他們靠賣魚賺了很多錢。(2018·全國I卷)
?The boy wanted to earn some pocket money by selling newspapers. 這個男孩想通過賣報紙賺一些零花錢。
?She earns her living by teaching at a language school. 她靠在語言學校教書維持生計。
【練習】用earn的相關短語完成句子
①他決定通過買賣東西來賺錢。He decided to earn money by buying and selling things.
②他現(xiàn)在靠寫小說謀生。He now earns his/a living by writing novels.

重點句型分析
1. Bogues was only1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA.
博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA歷史上最矮的球員。
【句式剖析】本句的結構分析如下：
Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA.
主句 which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾整個主句
【考點提煉】which引導的非限制性定語從句
(1)非限制性定語從句是對先行詞的附加說明，如果省去也不會影響主句的意思，它和主句之間往往用逗號隔開。
(2) which引導非限制性定語從句時，先行詞既可以是指物的單個的名詞或代詞，也可以是整個句子或其中的一部分。
(3) which引導非限制性定語從句時在從句中作主語、賓語或表語等成分，且不能省略。
(4) which引導非限制性定語從句時，不能換成 that。
?Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War.
昨晚我看了一部非常好的電影，它是關于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的。(which指代的是 a very good film, 且在從句中作主語)
?The manager said nothing, which made him tenser still.
經(jīng)理什么也沒說，這使他更加緊張。( which指代的是前面的整個句子，且在從句中作主語)
?These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit.
這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的，還沒有結過果實。( which指代的是apple trees，且在從句中作賓語)
?She is an artist, which I am not.她是一位藝術家，而我不是。(which指代的是an artist，且在從句中作表語)
【練習】語法填空
①(2019·全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解改編)During the rosy years of elementary school (小學), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,
which allowed me to keep my high social status.
②(2018·北京單項填空改編) She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.
③(2017·全國Ⅱ卷短文改錯改編)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.

2. The last quarter was about to begin, and my team was behind by10 points. 最后一節(jié)即將開始，我們隊還落后10分。
【考點提煉】 be about to do sth.
be about to do sth. 表示“將要做某事”，一般不與具體的表示將來的時間狀語連用。常用于“be about to do...when...”結構，意為“正要做……，這時(突然)……”。
?The train is about to leave.火車就要開走了。
?She was about to leave when the teacher came in.她剛要離開，這時老師進來了。
【練習】語法填空
①As I was about to give (give) up hope, a man driving a dirty old car came to my aid.
②We were about to climb up to the top of the mountain when it began to rain heavily.

3. “I don’t think I can play anymore, coach,”I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.
“教練，我覺得我沒法再打了，”當醫(yī)生將冰袋放在我的膝蓋上時，我輕聲說。
【句式剖析】本句的結構分析如下：
“I don’t think I can play anymore, coach,” I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee.
省略that的賓語從句，此處用了否定轉移 as引導的時間狀語從句
【考點提煉】as引導的時間狀語從句
as引導時間狀語從句時，意為“隨著，當……時”，強調(diào)主從句的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行。
?As she grew older, she gained confidence.隨著年齡的增長她的信心增強了。
?We all cheered as we watched the national flag rising in the Olympic Games on TV.
在電視上看到國旗在奧運會會場上升起的時候，我們都歡呼起來。

【注意】as意為“隨著”時，意思同with，但with為介詞，后面不能跟從句。試比較：
隨著時間的流逝，他的記憶力似乎越來越差。
?As time goes by, his memory seems to get worse.
?With time going by, his memory seems to get worse.
【練習】單句寫作
隨著中國的發(fā)展，漢語變得越來越重要。
As China develops, Chinese is becoming more and more important. 或With the development of China, Chinese is becoming more and more important.

4. “Well，”said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder, “you’ve just earned your place on the team, big guy!”
“嗯，”教練一邊拍著保羅的肩膀一邊說，“你已經(jīng)為自己贏得了球隊中的位置，‘大個子’!”
【句式剖析】本句中的as引導時間狀語從句，hit Paul on the shoulder屬于“動詞+sb. +介詞+the+表示身體部位的名詞”結構，該結構用來表示接觸某人身體的某一部位。
【考點提煉】“動詞+sb.+介詞+the+表示身體部位的名詞”結構
該結構中，若身體部位不同，介詞也不同，其具體用法如下：
+sb. +
拍，打：pat, strike,hit,beat
抓：catch, seize, grasp, hold
拉，牽：pull,take
in+the+柔軟的部位(如face,eye,leg等)
on+the+堅硬的部位(如head, shoulder,back等)
by+the+可牽拉的部位(如 hand,arm,ear等)

?Don’t hit him in the face.不要打他的臉。
?The angry father caught his son by the arm.那個生氣的父親拽住了兒子的胳膊。
?The naughty boy hit the man on the nose.那個淘氣的男孩兒打中了那個人的鼻子。
【練習】單句寫作
①小男孩挽著奶奶的胳膊，帶她過了馬路。
The little boy took his grandma by the arm and walked her across the street.
②一個蘋果從樹上掉下來砸在他的頭上。
An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.
③在泰國，你不能碰別人的頭，即使是意外。
In Thailand, you mustn’t touch someone on the head , even by accident.

5. What do you think the coach might have learnt from his experiences with Paul?
你認為教練可能從保羅的經(jīng)歷中學到什么?
【句式剖析】本句為特殊疑問句，句中“might have learnt”為“情態(tài)動詞+have done”結構。
【考點提煉】“情態(tài)動詞+ have done”結構
(1) should/ ought to have done表示“本來應該做(但實際上未做)”，含有責備或遺憾的語氣；其否定形式 should not/ought not to have done表示某種行為本不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
?You are late again. You should have come earlier.你又遲到了，你本應該早點來的。
?You should have gone to the concert with us yesterday. What a pity!你昨天本該和我們一起去聽音樂會的。太遺憾了!
(2) must have done表示對過去情況的肯定推測，意為“一定做過”，只用于肯定句。
?It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因為地面是濕的。
(3)can/ could have done用于表示對過去情況的推測，意為“可能做了某事”，一般用于疑問句和否定句(could have done還可用于肯定句，表示“本可以做而未做”)；其否定形式 can’t/couldn’t have done sth.表示“過去不可能做了某事”，表示一種非常有把握的推測。
?There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?屋里沒有燈光，他們可能出去了嗎?
?Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因為我剛才在圖書館看見他了。
?He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本來他能夠通過考試的，但是他太粗心了。
(4)may/ might have done表示對過去情況不肯定的推測，意為“過去可能做了某事”。
?You may have read about it in the newspapers.你可能已經(jīng)在報上看過這個消息了。
(5) needn’t have done表示“本不必做某事(而實際上做了)”，一般不用 need have done的形式。
?You needn’t have told me the news. I have already known it.你本不必告訴我這個消息的。我已經(jīng)知道了。
【練習】
1.語法填空
①—Oh, I just missed the last bus back home.
—That’s really bad. I’m sure you could have caught (catch) it, but you just didn’t hurry up.
②(2019·江蘇閱讀理解改編) At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown (blow) up with a violence far beyond the scale (規(guī)模) of anything known to humans.
③—Is it Mr Smith?
—There isn’t any Mr Smith here. You must have dialed the wrong number.
2.完成句子
①懷特先生本應該上午8:30到達并參加這次會議的，但他沒有出席。
Mr White should/ought to have arrived at 8:30 am for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
②(浙江高考單項填空改編)喬治不可能已經(jīng)走遠了，因為他的咖啡還是熱的。
George can’t/couldn’t have gone too far. His coffee is still warm.
③我已經(jīng)帶了一把傘，你本不必再帶一把的。
I have taken an umbrella, so you needn’t have taken another one.

語法

挖教材?語法示例
用適當?shù)年P系代詞完成下面教材中的句子并體會它們的語法特征。
1. When we weren’t playing on the courtwhich/thatwas next to ourbuilding, we were watching a game on TV.
2. Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues, a guywho/thatplayed for the Charlotte Hornets, although we actually agree thatthey are both champions.
3. Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someonewhoworked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team.
4. This week, The Lions were playing our main competitors,TheBears, a teamwhoserecord this season had beenperfect.
5. Paul didn’t know he’d soon get the chancewhich/that he’d beenwaiting for.
6. And clearly, all the extra hoursthathe’d spent practisingalone paid off.

限制性定語從句( I )——關系代詞
【知識點1】定語從句的基本概述
1.定語從句的定義：
在復合句中修飾或限定主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句定語從句，它所修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞。限制性定
語從句與先行詞之間的關系非常密切，從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)、身份、特征等狀況。限制性定語從句不能省略，否則句意就不完整。引導定語從句的關系詞包括關系代詞和關系副詞。
2.關系詞的作用：
①連接主句和從句；②指代先行詞；③在從句中充當句子成分。
3.關系詞的分類：
①關系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as(本單元講前五個的用法)；②關系副詞：when, where, why。
【知識點2】關系代詞的基本用法
關系代詞用于替代指人或物的先行詞，在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。
1.who指人，在定語從句中可以作主語或賓語。
?Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想見你的那個女孩過來了。(who在從句中作主語)
?He is the man who I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見到的人。(who在從句中作賓語)
2.whom指人，在定語從句中只作賓語，可省略，也可用who代替。若whom前有介詞，則不能用who代替，也不可省略。
?Rose is the person (whom/who) you should look after. 羅絲是你應該照顧的人。
?When I have trouble, he is the only one to whom I can go for help.當我有困難時，他是我唯一可以求助的人。
3. whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語。
?They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那個人的車壞了，他們沖過去幫忙。
4. which一般指物，在定語從句中作主諳或賓語。作賓語時一般可省略。
?China is a country which has a long history.中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。(which在從句中作主語)
?The package (which) you are carrying is about to fall.你拿的包快掉了。( which在從句中作賓語)
5.that既可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時一般可省略。指人時一般可用who替代，指物時一般可用 which替代。
?The number of people that/ who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達一百萬。(that/who在從句中作主語)
?The chair (that/which) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.
你昨天弄壞的那把椅子現(xiàn)在正在修。(that/who在從句中作賓語)

【知識點3】關系代詞的選擇
1.宜用that不用 which的情況
(1)當先行詞是all, much, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, none等不定代詞時。
?She told me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告訴了我。
(2)當先行詞被all, no, few, any, little, some, much, last, only, very等修飾時。
?I’ve read all the books that were borrowed from others. 我已經(jīng)讀了從別人那兒借來的所有的書。
?Mr Smith is the only foreigner that she knows.史密斯先生是她唯一認識的外國人。
(3)當先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾，或先行詞為形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。
?This is the most exciting football game that I have ever seen. 這是我看過的最激動人心的足球比賽。
?The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。
(4)當先行詞既有人又有物時。
?I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚地記得我在那個房間里所見到的人和一些照片。
?The foreign visitors spoke highly of the young pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.
外國游客高度贊揚了他們在少年宮所看到的少先隊員以及他們的表演。
(5)當先行詞在主句中作表語，且關系代詞本身在定語從句中也作表語時。此時句子一般帶有類比含義。
?He is no longer the star that he was.他不再是過去的那位明星了。
?Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.我們的學校不再是以前的那所學校了。

2.宜用which不用that的情況
(1)引導非限制性定語從句時。
?The bookstore provides us with all the books we need, which makes us moved.
這家書店給我們提供了所有我們需要的書，這使我們感動。
(2)在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關系代詞之前時。
?I’m looking for a container in which I can put all these peaches. 我正在找一個能放下所有這些桃子的容器。
(3)在限制性定語從句中，如果有兩個定語從句，其中前一個的關系代詞是that，那么后一個的關系代詞宜用which。
?Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened.
我給你看看這本從新開放的圖書館借來的小說。

3.宜用who不用that的情況
(1)先行詞是指人的不定代詞時，如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none等，或先行詞為 those或被 those修飾且指人時。
?The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well.
你應該向那個努力學習而且學習好的學生學習。
(2)一個句子中含有兩個定語從句，且先行詞都為人時，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that，另一個一般用who
?The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studiesvery hard.
昨晚你遇到的那個男孩是那個學習非常努力的小組組長。

【知識點4】定語從句中的主謂一致
一般情況下，關系代詞在從句中作主語時，定語從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)一般與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。
?The books that were sold out in two weeks were all written byTom. 兩周內(nèi)賣光的那些書都是湯姆寫的。
?I’m fond of the piece of music which was played by Jenny.我喜歡珍妮演奏的那首曲子。
【注意】“one of the+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+定語從句”結構中，定語從句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；而“the only/very/ right one ofthe+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+定語從句”結構中，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
? He is one of the players who were presented with themedal.他是被授予了獎章的運動員之一。
?He is the only one of the players who was presented with themedal.他是唯一一位被授予了獎章的運動員。

?基礎練｜知識鞏固｜建議時間：25分鐘
Topic Talk
一、單詞拼寫(用本部分所學單詞)
1.(2020·廣東佛山期末) Normally, anathlete (運動員) in sports like track and field and ball sports retires in his or her 30s.
2. It’s important to form a good habit of taking exerciseregularly(經(jīng)常地).
3. The elevator broke down. That’s why I chose to climb thestairs(樓梯) instead.
4. Thegym(健身房) is under construction. It won’t open to the public until the end of this year.
5. Would you like to play tennis with me in the schoolcourt(球場) this weekend?

二、語法填空。在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1. I must say I have a strongpreference(prefer) for classical architecture(建筑).
2. In sunny days, he prefers to do/ doing(do) some outdoor activities and enjoys the warm sunshine.
3.(2017·天津單項填空改編) Nowadays,cycling(cycle), along withjogging(jog) and swimming(swim), is regarded as one of the best all-around forms of exercise.
4. I prefer doing sports with others tochatting(chat) online in the room.
5. Tom, rather than Jackie, is (be) going to speak on behalf of our class in tomorrow’s meeting.

三、完成句子
1.A balanced diet (均衡的飲食) with proper amount of physical exercise contributes to a healthy life.
2. My mother is notin good shape (健康狀況良好), and has taken up tennis to get fit.
3. The doctor suggested that I take more exercise rather thango on a diet(節(jié)食) to improve my poor health.

Lesson1
一、單詞拼寫(用本部分所學單詞)
1. (2020·江蘇鹽城期末)Thecrowd(人群) cheered widely at the sight of thechampion(冠軍), who was reported to have broken the world record.
2. It won’t be easy todefeat(戰(zhàn)勝) the COVID-19(新型冠狀病毒肺炎), but if we hang on, we will succeed in the end.
3. Running a company(公司) is not a simple matter of hiring people—they also need to be trained.
4. Historic sites impress writers with their amazing beauty, which are a great source ofinspiration(靈感).
5. Wepacked(打包) all the books in wooden boxes so that they wouldn’t get damaged.
6. Bring anextra(額外的) pencil with you in case something goes wrong with this one during the exam.
7. He is always full ofenergy(活力) as thought he never knew tiredness.
8. The majority of the workers find it hard to live on the amountearn(賺得).
9. The young boy always reports to his mother how many home runs(本壘打) he hits and she always claps(鼓掌)and cheers for him.

二、語法填空。在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1.(2020·黑龍江哈三中期末) I have a strong desire to visit (visit) the old castle whose door is painted red.
2. It’s her great desire for improvement and willingness to try out new ideas that have given Drew Faust success in a world controlled by men.
3.(2017·北京單項填空改編) The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations (inspire) for great inventions.
4. Several passers-by came to rescue the passengers immediately when the car crashed into the tree on the roadside.
5. Keep in mind that your effort will pay off. Don’t let one or two failures get you down.
6. Charles is an expert in repairing bikes. He will not let you down .
7. In my opinion, the key to air pollution is to inspire people to take (take) public transport in big cities.

三、單句寫作
1.我找不到我的錢包了。我可能昨天把它忘在超市了，但我不確定。(“情態(tài)動詞+ have done”結構)
I can’t find my purse. I can/may/could/might have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure.

2.我需要減肥，我的衣服都不合適了。(not...anymore)
I need to lose weight. My clothes don’t fit anymore

3.我正在街上走，突然有人拍了拍我的肩膀，嚇了我一跳。(“動詞+sb.+介詞+the+表示身體部位的名詞”結構，which引導的非限制性定語從句)
I was walking in the street when someone patted me on the shoulder, which frightened me

4.我正要做晚飯，這時突然停電了。(be about to do sth.)
I was about to cook my dinner when the power was cut off.

5.蒂娜經(jīng)常在課堂上聽老師講課時做筆記，這對她復習很有幫助。(as引導的時間狀語從句，which引導的非限制性定語從句)
Tina often takes notes as she listens to the teacher in class, which helps her a lot when she goes over her lessons.

語法練｜專項突破｜建議時間：20分鐘
一、用適當?shù)年P系代詞填空
1.(2020·天津河北區(qū)?？? How medicine works in a humanbody is a question that/which not everyone can understandfully.
2.(江蘇省揚州中學月考) He was the only one of the boys who was late for class. [注:先行詞是one指人，宜用who]
3.(北京四中期末) Please go through the text and underline the words whose meanings you don’t know.
4. —Do you know everybody who came to the party?
—No. I don’t know the one who/whom you had a long talk with.
5.(2020·黑龍江哈三中期末) I have seen most of the greatest buildings in the world that are famous on the Internet.
6.(重慶高考單項填空改編) We’ll reach the sales targets in a month that/which we set at the beginning of the year.
7. The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well-known.
8.(2020·上海金山區(qū)期末) This novel is popular with those who were born in the 1980s.
9. There is no success without hard work; success is something that is only earned after much labor.
10. She is the teacher from whom I have borrowed this dictionary.
11. According to the new plan, students can choose the teacher whose class they wish to take.
12. He spent his Sunday afternoon in the library that/which was built of stone.
13.(2020·上海金山區(qū)期末) The thought of going back home was all that kept him happy while he was working abroad.
14. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives were affected.
15. Luckily we’d brought a map without which we would have lost our way.

二、用關系代詞引導的定語從句合并下列句子
1.I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
I have a friend that/who likes listening to classical music.
2. Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.
Last week Mary wore the dress that/which I gave to her.
3. They live in a room. Its window faces south.
They live in a room whose window faces south.
4. She wants to visit the village. Her mother likes it best.
She wants to visit the village that/which her mother likes best.
5. The old man likes reading the newspaper every day. Itcontains important information.
The old man likes reading the newspaper that/which contains importantinformation every day.

綜合練｜能力提升｜建議時間：6分鐘
課文語法填空。閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Paul and I were on the school basketball team. Paul’sfavourite player was Tyrone Bogues, a guy (1)who/that played for theCharlotte Hornets. Guess why? Paul was only 1.6 metres high, as tall as Bogues. Being (2) shorter (short)than other players meant he had to practise more and he used Bogues as his (3) inspiration (inspire). He said if Bogues could make it, he could too. Although he had a strong desire (4) to play(play) for theteam, he was still usually on the bench. That’s (5) really (real) tough on him. This week, he got the chance he had been waiting for. I got (6)injured (injure) in the competition. Thecoach agreed to give him (7) a shot. We were behind by 10points then and it was only 15 minutes before the competition ended. The extra hours Paul spent (8) practising (practise) paid off and he made shot after shot. We (9) won (win) by 2 points with Paul’s help. The coach hit him (10) on the shoulder and said
he had earned his place.

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