Unit 3 ConservationLesson 3 The Road to Destruction 教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)：知識目標(biāo)：Students can learn some new words and expressions and theusage of it.能力目標(biāo)：Students can have a further understanding of the passage.情感目標(biāo)：Students can think individually and learn cooperatively.教學(xué)重難點教學(xué)重點：How to learn the new words and expressions and theusage of it.教學(xué)難點：Howto make students have a better understanding of the passage.課前準(zhǔn)備：多媒體，黑板，粉筆教學(xué)過程：一、Pre-reading1. Greeting2. Leading-inACTIVATE AND SHARE教師活動：教師提問How much time do you spend travelling to school every day? How do you feel when you get stuck in traffic jams?(Suggested Answers:I spend about twenty minutes travelling to school but sometimes there are traffic jams and it takes longer. I feel stressed out and sometimes I feel angry because I don't want to be late.)二、  While- readingREAD AND EXPLORE1. 學(xué)生活動：預(yù)測文章內(nèi)容。Below is a passage about car uses in Britain. Guess the answers to the questions before you read the passage.·How many cars are there on the roads?32 million/ 50 million/ 64 million·By how much has the number of cars gone up in the last 20 years?10%/ 25% / 40%·How many people die every year in vehicle accidents?1,000/ 2,500/ 3,000·How many deaths per year are caused by air pollution?10,000/ 20,000/ 30,0002. 學(xué)生活動：閱讀文章，核對預(yù)測。Read Part 1 of the passage. Check your predictions in Activity 2.(Answers: 32 million; 25%; 2500; 30000)3. 學(xué)生活動：閱讀文章，回答問題。Read Part 1 more carefully. Complete the notes in the diagram. Then think aboutany possible solutions to the problems.(Answers:Effects: personalangry, stressed out, tiredEffects: socialtraffic accidents, global warming and climate change, deaths and cancer by air pollution)4. 學(xué)生活動：閱讀文章，完成練習(xí)。Read Part 2 and complete the notes.(Answers:Use public transport; Think before you go; Share cars; Take action)三、After-reading1. 學(xué)生活動：Pair WorkTalk about the effects of traffic problems at the personal and sociallevel, as well as the solutions proposed. Then discuss whether the solutions will help solve the problem. Give your reasons. Use the notes in Activities 4 and 5 to help you.(Suggested Answers:Nobody likes being in a traffic jam. The personal effects like getting angry or being stressed out can lead to more serious problems, like becoming sick or losing your job. Being on the road can also be dangerous as there are many accidents, and the amount of pollution that traffic causes can also give us health problems. Then, there are the environmental effects to our planet, such as global warming. The solutions could be to try to use the car less. We can cycle, walk or use public transport. We can also share our cars. These are simple solutions that we can all do.)2. 學(xué)生活動：Group Work Think and Share1. What is the writer's attitude towards cars? Find some evidence from the passage.(Suggested Answers:The writer knows that cars have negative effects and she wants to help the environment ("We know that cars are bad for us", "All quite simple, isn't it? Five easy ways to improve our environment") but she thinks it will be difficult for her to give up her car ("I've got to pick up my daughter form school... The traffic is going to be horrible, but what can I do?"))2. How do you understand the title "The Road to Destruction"?(Suggested Answers:The road to destruction refers to the fact that the cars on the road will eventually lead to the destruction of our planet.)FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: COLLOCATIONS (2)Look at the Word Builder. Match the words (1–8) with the endings (a-h) to form common collocations. Then use the collocations to complete the summary.(Answers:1 g 2 d 3 a 4 f 5 b 6 e 7 h 8 c1. get stuck in a traffic jam  2. cause global warming  3. do a lot of harm  4. protect the environment5. sharing cars  6. are addicted to 7. make excuses  8. pick up)Many people often 1 ________________ when they go to work. How annoyed and stressful they often feel! But the problem is that the number of cars is still going up. Traffic pollution has been found to 2 _______________ and climate change to a large degree.Too many cars 3 ___________________ to the environment andour health. Some advice has been given for people tohelp 4___________________, for example, using public transport or 5___________________, doing your shopping in the shop just around the corner instead of driving to the other sideof town. However, people 6___________________ using cars.They 7___________________ for using their cars, "I need to 8 ___________________ my daughter. What can I do?"EXPRESS YOURSELFMake a poster based on what you have learnt to encourage people in your neighbourhood to use their vehicles wisely. Search for facts and data to make your poster convincing. Then share your work in groups.四、語法：it的用法1.it用作虛詞虛詞it常用于充當(dāng)沒有具體語義的主語，表示時間、天氣、距離、溫度、環(huán)境等概念。It is cooler in Tianjin than in Beijing.天津比北京更涼快。It is only about half an hour's ride from here to my home.從這里到我家坐車只有半個小時的路程。It's three o'clock now.現(xiàn)在是3點鐘。It looks as if the college is very small.這所大學(xué)看上去似乎很小。It is very quiet at the moment.目前很安靜。2.it用作指示代詞it的基本用法是用來指代上文所提到的事物，同時也可以用于代替指示代詞this和that。My dictionary is missing; I can't find it anyway.我的字典不見了，我哪兒也找不著它。Tom has failed in the exam.Have you heard about it?湯姆考試不及格。你聽說了這件事了嗎？-What's this? 這是什么？-I's a computer.這是一臺電腦。-Whose bicycle is that?那是誰的自行車？-It's hers.是她的。it和one用于指代事物時的區(qū)別：it代替上文提及的原物（復(fù)數(shù)用they）；one指代與上文提及的原物為同一類的事物（復(fù)數(shù)用ones）。it還可以指代不明身份或性別的人，有時可以用來指嬰兒，有時還可以指引起某種情況產(chǎn)生的事物。-Who is making such a noise?是誰這么吵鬧？-It must be the children.一定是孩子們。It's the wind shaking the window.是風(fēng)在使玻璃顫動。Look at that lovely baby in the cradle!Oh,dear.It is crying.瞧瞧搖籃中的那個可愛的嬰兒！天哪，他在哭。3.it用作形式主語和形式賓語不定式、動名詞以及從句做主語或賓語時，為避免“頭重腳輕”，要將真正的主語或賓語后置。包含該用法的常見句型如下：(1) It is clear(obvious,true,possible,certain...)that…該句型中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。It is very clear that he's lying.= That he's lying is very clear.顯然，他在撒謊。(2) It is important(necessary,right, strange,natural...) that....該句型和上一個句型同屬一個類型。由于主句的形容詞不同，that后的從句要用虛擬語氣（"should +動詞原形"結(jié)構(gòu)，should可以省略）。建議記住該句型中的形容詞。It is important that we(should)learn English well.我們學(xué)好英語很重要。(3) It is said(reported,learned...)that...該句型中的it仍是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示“據(jù)說（據(jù)報道，據(jù)悉……)……”。It is said that he has come to Beijing.據(jù)說他已來到了北京。It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbit.據(jù)報道，另一顆人造衛(wèi)星已被送入軌道。(4) It is suggested(ordered,required...)that....該句型和上一個句型同屬一個類型。主句中的過去分詞是表示請求、建議、命令等的詞時，that引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣（"should+動詞原形"結(jié)構(gòu)，should可以省略）。它表示“據(jù)建議；有命令……”。It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.有人建議推遲會議。It was ordered that we(should)arrive there in two hours.我們接到命令，要在兩小時內(nèi)到達(dá)那里。(5) It is a pity(a shame...)that…在該句型中，that 引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣（"should +動詞原形"結(jié)構(gòu)，should可省略）。表示出乎意料，意為“竟然……”。不包含這種意義時，不用虛擬語氣。It is a pity that such a thing(should)happen in your class.這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真遺憾！(6) It is time(about time,high time)that...在該句型中，that引導(dǎo)的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是：① 常用過去時態(tài)表示虛擬。② 有時也用“should + 動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，should不能省略。它表示“是（正是）……的時候”。It is time that children should go to bed.= It is time that children went to bed.現(xiàn)在該是孩子們睡覺的時候了。(7) It is the first(second...)time that...該句型要和上一個句型區(qū)別開來。該句型中的that從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態(tài)。至于用什么完成時態(tài)，這由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)；如果是一般過去時，后面從句則用過去完成時態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的that可以省去，而it有時用this替換。它表示“第一（二）……次……”。It is the first time I have been here.= This is the first time I have been here.這是我第一次來這兒。(8) It is...since…該句型主要用于處理瞬間動詞和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用的問題。主句中表示時間的名詞短語做表語，其時態(tài)常為一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時，而since引導(dǎo)的從句通常用一般過去時，且謂語動詞常為瞬間動詞。如果主句用一般過去時，從句則用過去完成時。It is(has been) 5 years since his father died.他父親過世已有5年了。(9) It is...when...該句型中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句，主句中的it指時間，表語由表示時間的名詞短語充當(dāng)。It was 5 o'clock when he came here.他來這兒的時候是五點鐘。(10) It is...before...該句型中的it指時間，主句的時態(tài)常是一般將來時或一般過去時兩種時態(tài)，主句中的表語多是long,not long,3days,2 weeks等表示時間的詞或短語。It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.過了三天他才去北京。It will not be long before he finishes his job.用不了多久他就會完成他的工作。(11) It happens(seems,looks,appears)that...該句型中的it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，主句中的happen,seem等詞是不及物動詞。It happened(so happened)that he met his teacher in the street.他碰巧在街上遇見了他的老師。It seems that he will be back in a few days.看起來他會在幾天內(nèi)回來。(12) It takes sb.some time to do sth.該句型中的不定式是真正的主語，it是形式主語，takes的直接賓語是some time，它表示“做某事要花費某人多少時間”。It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.建長城花了成千上萬的人許多年的時間。(13) It is no good(use)doing sth.在該句型中，真正的主語是動名詞短語，主句中的表語可以是no good,no use等。It is no good learning English without speaking English.學(xué)英語卻不將它說出來是沒有用的。(14) It doesn't matter whether(if)...在該句型中，whether(if)引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語，該句型表示“不論（是否）沒關(guān)系”。It doesn't matter if they are old.他們年齡大不大無所謂。(15) It is kind(of sb.)to do sth.該句型中的不定式短語是真正的主語，不定式的邏輯主語可由of引出，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語特征的形容詞。常用于此句型的形容詞有：bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good,honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice,polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong等。這個句型可以改寫為：sb.is kind to do sth.It is kind of you to say so.= You are kind to say so你這么說真是太好了。(16) It is necessary(for sh.)to do sth.該句型與上一個句型同屬一個類型。如果不定式的邏輯主語是由for引出，主句中的形容詞通常是表示重要性、緊迫性，頻繁程度、難易、安全等含義的形容詞。常見的形容詞有：① important, necessary,natural ② easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant等① 中的形容詞做表語時可以用從句改寫句子，如：It is important for her to come to the party.= It is important that she(should)come to the party.重要的是她來參加聚會(17) It looks/seems as if...該句型中的it無實際意義。as if引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句。它表示“看起來好像……”。如果與事實不符合，則用虛擬語氣。It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）It looks as if he were ill.（沒有生?。?/span>看上去他好像病了。(18) Sb.think it important(easy,useless...)to do sth.該句型中的it做形式賓語。為了方便記憶我們可稱該句型為“6123”結(jié)構(gòu)。6指主句中常用的動詞：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1指的是形式賓語it；2指的是賓語補足語的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞；3指的是真正的賓語的三種形式：不定式短語、動名詞短語或that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Airplanes have made it easy and comfortable for us to travel.飛機(jī)使得出行對于我們來說輕松且舒適。I took it for granted that you would stay with us.我想當(dāng)然地以為你會和我們待在一起。We found it useless learning a theory without practice.我們覺得光學(xué)理論而不實踐是沒有用的。4.it用于強調(diào)句型(1) It is +被強調(diào)部分+ that…該句型是強調(diào)句型，將被強調(diào)的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被強調(diào)部分可以是主語、賓語、表語或狀語。強調(diào)的主語如果是人，that可以由who換用。如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉，即去掉It is(was)和that(who)，剩下的應(yīng)該是一個完整無缺的句子。這也是判斷強調(diào)句型與其它句型的方法。It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.第一個帶有鐘面和時針的鐘是在大約600年前的時候被制作出來的。It was they that/who cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天是他們打掃了教室。It was in the street that I met her father.我是在街上遇到她父親的。(2) It is not until +被強調(diào)部分+ that...該句型也是強調(diào)句型。它主要用于強調(diào)時間狀語，意為“直到……才……”，可以說是not…until…的強調(diào)形式。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.= I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.直到她摘下墨鏡，我才意識到她是一位著名影星。注意：（1）強調(diào)時間時不能用when，而強調(diào)地點時不用where；（2）不能用此句型強調(diào)謂語，應(yīng)使用助動詞do的適當(dāng)形式。（3）在強調(diào)由until構(gòu)成的狀語時，如果主句中有not，not要提前并與until連用。I did meet an old friend in the street last week.上周我確實在街上遇到了一位老朋友。The teacher didn't begin his class until everybody took their places.=It was not until everybody took their places that the teacher began his class.直到所有人已就座，老師才開始講課。練習(xí)：1. I'd appreciate _____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.2. I like this house with a beautiful garden, but I don't have enough money to buy _____.3. The doctor thought _____ would be good for you to have a holiday.4. _____ is reported in the newspapers, the new president will take office next week.5. -There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _____?-No. I'd rather buy _____ in the bookstore.6. _____ is no use to persuade him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic.7. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _____ her duty to look after all the other people's affairs in that town.8. We've been looking at houses but haven't found _____ we like yet.(Answers: 1. it     2. it   3. it   4. As  5.it; one  6. it   7. it   8. one)四、Summary 重點詞匯：stressed, figure, fit, suit重點句型：it作形式主語和形式賓語;連詞while的用法重點語法：it的用法五、HomeworkWrite a short passage on how to use vehicles wisely.

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Lesson 3 The Road to Destruction

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