英語北師大版 (2019)Lesson 1 The Underdog教學設(shè)計

這是一份英語北師大版 (2019)Lesson 1 The Underdog教學設(shè)計，共15頁。
1．a(chǎn)thlete n．運動員→athletic adj．運動的→athletics n．田徑運動
2． frequency n．發(fā)生的頻率，發(fā)生率→frequent adj．經(jīng)常的 → frequently adv．頻繁地；經(jīng)常
3．prefer vt. 較喜歡，更喜歡→preference n．偏好，喜好→preferable adj. 更可取的，更合適的
4．cyclevi．騎自行車→cyclistn．騎自行車的人
5．bwling n．保齡球→ bwl n．碗 v.(草地滾球戲或保齡球運動中)滾球，投球
6．balance n．[U,sing.]均衡，平衡；[U]平衡能力→balanced adj．保持（或顯示）平衡的
8．regularly adv．經(jīng)常；定期地→regular adj．規(guī)律的；規(guī)則的→regulatin n．規(guī)則→regulatevt．約束；控制；管理
Lessn 1
1．inspiratinn．激勵；靈感→inspirevt．鼓勵；激勵→inspiringadj. 令人鼓舞的→inspired adj. 感到鼓舞的
2．replacement n．替換的人（物）→ replace vt．代替
3．sharply adv．嚴厲地，毫不客氣地；猛烈地→sharp adj．急劇的，猛烈的；尖的，鋒利的；adv．（時間）整點→sharpen vi．&vt．（使）變得鋒利→sharpener n．[C] 磨具，削具
4．energy n．精力，活力→energetic adj．有活力的
5．crwdn．人群→crwdedadj．擁擠的
6．clap vt．&vi．鼓掌，拍手→ clapping [現(xiàn)在分詞] → clapped[過去式] → clapped[過去分詞]
重點單詞與短語精析
★課標詞 ▲高頻詞
▲★1. prefer vt. 更喜歡，喜歡……多于…… (preferred , preferred , preferring)
【用法歸納】
prefer ding sth./t d sth. 更喜歡做某事
prefer sb. t d sth. 希望某人做某事
prefer A t B 與B相比更喜歡A（t為介詞）
prefer ding A t ding B 與做B相比更喜歡做A
prefer t d A rather than (t) d B （=wuld rather d A than d B/
wuld d A rather than d B）寧愿做某事而不愿做某事
prefer + that從句 希望/更喜歡……（從句謂語常用“shuld +動詞原形”，shuld可以省略）
?We can eat ut if yu like, but I wuld prefer staying/ t stay in.
如果你愿意的話我們可以去外面吃飯，但我更傾向于待在家里。
?I prefer t walk there rather than g by car. =I wuld rather walk there than g by car.
我寧愿步行去那兒而不愿開車去。
?They preferred the mney (shuld) be used fr building schls and hspitals.
他們更愿意拿這筆錢來建學校和醫(yī)院。
【注意】
1. prefer意為“更喜歡”，相當于 like better，因此不能再與比較級連用
2. prefer不能用于進行時
3. 要注意區(qū)分 prefer的搭配中t為不定式符號還是介詞
【拓展】詞性拓展
preferable adj. 更可取的，更合適的
preference n. [C,U]偏好，喜好；[C]偏愛的事物，最喜愛的東西
have a preference fr sth. 偏愛某物 in preference t 而不是
[語境串記]I prefer the preferable suggestin yu mentined in the bk in preference t the wrds yu tld me yesterday. 我更喜歡你在書中提到的那個更可取的建議，而不是你昨天告訴我的那些話。
【練習】語法填空
①(浙江高考單項填空改編) We mst prefer saying/t say (say) yes t the requests f smene we knw and like.
②They prefer t put (put) ff the birthday party till next Sunday rather than (t) hld (hld)it withut the presencef their manager.
③(浙江高考單項填空改編) Pepledevelp a preference fr a particular style f learning at an early age and these preferences affect learning. (prefer)
④I am busy preparing fr the finalexaminatin. I prefer that yu(shuld) cme (cme)tmrrw rather than tday.
⑤I prefer the schl unifrm t the traditinal Chinese dress at the welcmeceremny next mnth.
⑥I can’t say which type f tea tastes better. It’s just a matter f persnal preference prefer.
⑦(2018·江蘇閱讀理解改編) Time ismney, but that principle means differentthings fr different types f restaurants. Unlike fast-fd places, fine dining shpsprefer custmers t stay (stay)lngerand spend.
2. rather than
【用法歸納】rather than意為“而不是……”，常用于連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)，它連接的并列成分可以是動詞、動詞不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞短語、v-ing或句子等。
?He is a sailr rather than an explrer.他是一個海員，而不是一個探險者。(連接兩個名詞)
?He is kind- hearted rather than flish.他是好心，而不是傻。(連接兩個形容詞)
?He asked me hw I fund the hle rather than hw I escaped.
他問我是怎樣發(fā)現(xiàn)這個洞的，而不是問我怎樣逃出來的。(連接兩個句子)
【注意】
l. rather than連接兩個不定式時，后一個不定式常省略t，但rather than位于句首時，跟不帶t的動詞不定式。
?He wanted t swim rather than play vlleyball.他想去游泳,而不是打排球。
?Rather than stay here, I prefer t leave.我寧愿離開也不愿待在這里。
2. rather than連接的兩個并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞應與 rather than前面的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，即“就遠原則”。具有相同用法的詞語還有aswell as,with, besides等。
?Yurather than I are ging t g camping.要去野營的是你，而不是我。
?The father rather than the brthers is respnsible fr the accident.為這起事故負責的是那個父親，而不是那些兄弟。
【練習】語法填空
1.(浙江高考單項填空改編) Facing up tyur prblems rather than running (run) away frm them is the bestapprach t wrking things ut.
2.(2020·四川省南充高級中學月考)Iprefer t stay at hme all night t make upthe lst time rather than watch (watch) TV prgrams.
3. Yu rather than yur sister are (be) t run the shp after yur parents retire.
4.(安徼高考單項填空改編) What weexpect frm yu is wrking hard ratherthan hardly wrking (wrk).
▲★3. diet
【用法歸納】
(1)n.[C,U]日常飲食；[C]規(guī)定飲食(為健康或減肥等目的)
a balanced/ healthy diet一種均衡/健康的飲食
be n a diet節(jié)食(表狀態(tài))
g n a diet節(jié)食(表動作)
?T keep healthy, we must have a balanced diet.為了保持健康，我們必須有一個均衡的飲食。
?My sister is n a diet, but she can’t resist the temptatin f sweet fd.我的姐姐在節(jié)食，但她抵制不住甜食的誘惑。
?Many peple have cme t realize that they shuld g n a diet and spare sme time frexercise in their daily life.
很多人都已經(jīng)開始意識到在日常生活中他們應該節(jié)食并抽出一些時間鍛煉。
(2)v.節(jié)食，進行規(guī)定飲食
?She’s always dieting but she never seems t lse any weight.她總是在節(jié)食，但體重好像從未減少。
【練習】完成句子
1.(2020·黑龍江哈三中期末) He must ben a diet (節(jié)食). He lksmuch thinner than he used t be.
2. Plants need water and sunlight t grwwell. Similarly, healthy bdy requiresa balanced diet(均衡的飲食).
3. As a matter f fact, yu can’t expect tlseweight simply byging n a diet/ dieting.(節(jié)食)
4. make it
【用法歸納】
(1)獲得成功
?The little by tried mre than nce and made it at last.小男孩試了不止一次，終于成功了。
(2)能夠出席(或到場)。后接賓語時需加介詞t。
?Nice t see yu.I’m glad yu culd make it.見到你真好。我很高興你能來。
?I’m afraid I can’t make it t the meeting tmrrw.恐怕我明天不能出席會議了。
(3)(尤指在困難情況下)準時到達，趕上。后接賓語時常帶有介詞t，后面的賓語通常是表示地點的名詞。
?The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we will never make it.再過二十分鐘飛機就起飛了，我們無論如何也趕不上了。
?Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip.
然而，對于許多到了道森的人來說，這趟艱難的旅程是值得的。(2018·全國Ⅲ卷)
【練習】判斷下列句子中 make it的含義
①What a strng wind I dn’t think we will make it t the airprt n time. 準時到達
②After s many years f hard wrk in the field f music, she finally made it. 獲得成功
③I’m really srry that I wn’t be able t make it n Sunday after all. 能夠出席(或到場)
5. try ut fr參加……選拔(或試演)
【用法歸納】
?These teams are ging t try ut fr the Olympic Games這些隊伍要參加奧林匹克運動會的選拔賽。
?She is trying ut fr the schl play.她正在參加學校戲劇演員甄選。
【拓展】try構(gòu)成的其他短語：
try n試穿 try fr力爭贏得 try ut(nsb.)測試，試驗，試用(某人)
try ne’s best盡某人最大的努力
【練習】用try的相關(guān)短語完成句子
①While hetried ut frthe freshmanbasketball team in highschl, Michael didn’t make it as a member.
②The by’s dream was t have his wn labratry ttry ut sme f his wn ideas.
③Why nttry nthat suit t see if itmatches yur shirt?
▲★5. desire
【用法歸納】
(1)n. 愿望，渴望，欲望
have a desire fr/ t d sth. 渴望得到某物/做某事
?He has a strng desire t jin the army. 他非?？释麉④?。
?His desire is that he (shuld) visit the Great Wall smeday.他的愿望是有一天能參觀長城。
(2)v. 渴望，期望，想望
desire t d sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. t d sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire + that從句希望……
?We always desire t live in peace with ur neighbrs.我們一直希望能與我們的鄰居和睦相處。
?She desires that he (shuld) cme at nce. She desires him t cme at nce. 他想讓他馬上過來。
【注意】當 desire (意為“渴望，期望”)作動詞后接賓語從句，以及 desire作名詞后接同位語從句或表語從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，即從句的謂語用“shuld+動詞原形”，shuld可以省略。
?He desires that his bk (shuld) reach as many peple as pssible.他期望他的書能引起盡可能多的人的注意。
[語境串記] My daughter is nw a senir high schl student. She desires/has a desire that she (shuld) be admitted t a famus university. Besides, she has a strng desire t majr in English while I desire her t study medicine in the future. But nw she desires t have a gd time in the cming summer hliday. 我的女兒現(xiàn)在是一名高中生。她渴望被一所著名的大學錄取。此外，她非常渴望主修英語，而我希望她將來學醫(yī)。但是現(xiàn)在她渴望在即將到來的暑假中過得愉快。
【練習】語法填空
①(2020·廈門福建校級月考)Even s, she impressed the wrld with her curage and strng desire t succeed (succeed).
②Fashin is a cmpetitive and hard business where peple’s desire fr new ideas is hard t satisfy.
③Actually, all f us desire t achieve (achieve) success, but smetimes ur actins dn’t crrespnd with(與……一致) what we desire.
④We desire that immediate help (shuld) be given (give) t the lcal villagers wh have been suffering frm the rising fldwater.
2.單句寫作
那位老婦人希望她的女兒時常來看她。(desire)
The ld wman desires her daughter t cme and see her frm time t time. 或 The ld wman desires that her daughter
(shuld)visit her nw and then.
6. pay ff
【用法歸納】
(1)取得成功，奏效。為不及物動詞短語。
?With the help f a lt f peple, ur plan paid ff.在很多人的幫助下，我們的計劃成功了。
?All his effrts have paid ff and his dream has cme true.他所有的努力都得到了回報，他的夢想實現(xiàn)了。
(2)付清，償清；付清工資后解雇，遣散。為及物動詞短語。
?The pr cuple wrked hard day and night in rder t pay ff their debts. 這對可憐的夫婦日夜努力工作以償清債務。
【拓展】pay構(gòu)成的其他短語
pay back還錢；報復 pay fr...支付……的錢；為……付出代價
【練習】結(jié)合pay的相關(guān)短語完成句子
①Our teachers ften tell us that every minute we spend n studying will finally pay ff in the near future.
②J.K. Rwling spent many hurs in a warm cafe because she had n mney t pay fr the heating at hme.
[高頻短語]7. keep up with
【用法歸納】
(1)跟上，與……齊步前進
?I had t walk fast t keep up with him. 我要快走才能跟上他。
?Jack is having truble keeping up with the rest f the class. 杰克很難跟上班里的其他同學。
(2)與(某人)保持聯(lián)系
?She still kept up with her classmates after graduatin. 畢業(yè)后她仍然與她的同班同學保持聯(lián)系。
【拓展】keep構(gòu)成的其他短語：
keep ff (sb./sth.)讓開，不接近；使……不接近
keep away (frm) 遠離……，避免接近……
keep n (ding sth.) 繼續(xù)(做某事)
keep sth. back抑制(或阻止)感情等的流露
【練習】用keep的相關(guān)短語完成句子
①Tday the students in the cuntryside shuld have easy access t cmputers t keep up with the mdern times.
②Prper physical exercise enables the yuth t wrk effectively and t keep away frm disease.
③Deeply mved by the play, she culd hardly keep back her tears.
▲★8. earn
【用法歸納】
(1)vt. 贏得，博得
earn sb. sth.為某人贏得某物
earn a reputatin贏得聲譽
earn the respect/ trust f sb. 贏得某人的尊敬/信任
?His utstanding ability earned him a place n the team. 他非凡的能力為他在隊中贏得了一席之地。
earn ne’s/a living短語中的ne’s和a不能換成the，且 living只能用單數(shù)形式。
?Yur effrts will earn yu a gd reputatin.你的努力將會為你贏得佳譽。
?As a teacher, she had earned the respect f the students.
作為教師，她贏得了學生們的尊敬。
(2)vt.&vi. 掙得，賺得
earn mney(= make mney)賺錢，掙錢
earn/ne’s living(= make a/ne’s living)謀生
?My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lt by selling the fish.
我爺爺說去年夏天他們靠賣魚賺了很多錢。(2018·全國I卷)
?The by wanted t earn sme pcket mney by selling newspapers. 這個男孩想通過賣報紙賺一些零花錢。
?She earns her living by teaching at a language schl. 她靠在語言學校教書維持生計。
【練習】用earn的相關(guān)短語完成句子
①他決定通過買賣東西來賺錢。He decided t earn mney by buying and selling things.
②他現(xiàn)在靠寫小說謀生。He nw earns his/a living by writing nvels.
重點句型分析
1. Bgues was nly1.6 metres tall, which made him the shrtest player ever in the NBA.
博格斯身高只有一米六，是NBA歷史上最矮的球員。
【句式剖析】本句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析如下：
Bgues was nly 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shrtest player ever in the NBA.
主句 which引導的非限制性定語從句，修飾整個主句
【考點提煉】which引導的非限制性定語從句
(1)非限制性定語從句是對先行詞的附加說明，如果省去也不會影響主句的意思，它和主句之間往往用逗號隔開。
(2) which引導非限制性定語從句時，先行詞既可以是指物的單個的名詞或代詞，也可以是整個句子或其中的一部分。
(3) which引導非限制性定語從句時在從句中作主語、賓語或表語等成分，且不能省略。
(4) which引導非限制性定語從句時，不能換成 that。
?Last night I saw a very gd film, which was abut the Secnd Wrld War.
昨晚我看了一部非常好的電影，它是關(guān)于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的。(which指代的是 a very gd film, 且在從句中作主語)
?The manager said nthing, which made him tenser still.
經(jīng)理什么也沒說，這使他更加緊張。( which指代的是前面的整個句子，且在從句中作主語)
?These apple trees, which I planted three years ag, have nt brne any fruit.
這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的，還沒有結(jié)過果實。( which指代的是apple trees，且在從句中作賓語)
?She is an artist, which I am nt.她是一位藝術(shù)家，而我不是。(which指代的是an artist，且在從句中作表語)
【練習】語法填空
①(2019·全國Ⅰ卷閱讀理解改編)During the rsy years f elementary schl (小學), I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes,
which allwed me t keep my high scial status.
②(2018·北京單項填空改編) She and her family bicycle t wrk, which helps them keep fit.
③(2017·全國Ⅱ卷短文改錯改編)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, which is n the rftp f their huse.
2. The last quarter was abut t begin, and my team was behind by10 pints. 最后一節(jié)即將開始，我們隊還落后10分。
【考點提煉】 be abut t d sth.
be abut t d sth. 表示“將要做某事”，一般不與具體的表示將來的時間狀語連用。常用于“be abut t ”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“正要做……，這時(突然)……”。
?The train is abut t leave.火車就要開走了。
?She was abut t leave when the teacher came in.她剛要離開，這時老師進來了。
【練習】語法填空
①As I was abut t give (give) up hpe, a man driving a dirty ld car came t my aid.
②We were abut t climb up t the tp f the muntain when it began t rain heavily.
3. “I dn’t think I can play anymre, cach,”I said quietly as the dctr put an ice pack n my knee.
“教練，我覺得我沒法再打了，”當醫(yī)生將冰袋放在我的膝蓋上時，我輕聲說。
【句式剖析】本句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析如下：
“I dn’t think I can play anymre, cach,” I said quietly as the dctr put an ice pack n my knee.
省略that的賓語從句，此處用了否定轉(zhuǎn)移 as引導的時間狀語從句
【考點提煉】as引導的時間狀語從句
as引導時間狀語從句時，意為“隨著，當……時”，強調(diào)主從句的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行。
?As she grew lder, she gained cnfidence.隨著年齡的增長她的信心增強了。
?We all cheered as we watched the natinal flag rising in the Olympic Games n TV.
在電視上看到國旗在奧運會會場上升起的時候，我們都歡呼起來。
【注意】as意為“隨著”時，意思同with，但with為介詞，后面不能跟從句。試比較：
隨著時間的流逝，他的記憶力似乎越來越差。
?As time ges by, his memry seems t get wrse.
?With time ging by, his memry seems t get wrse.
【練習】單句寫作
隨著中國的發(fā)展，漢語變得越來越重要。
As China develps, Chinese is becming mre and mre imprtant. 或With the develpment f China, Chinese is becming mre and mre imprtant.
4. “Well，”said the cach as he hit Paul n the shulder, “yu’ve just earned yur place n the team, big guy!”
“嗯，”教練一邊拍著保羅的肩膀一邊說，“你已經(jīng)為自己贏得了球隊中的位置，‘大個子’!”
【句式剖析】本句中的as引導時間狀語從句，hit Paul n the shulder屬于“動詞+sb. +介詞+the+表示身體部位的名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)用來表示接觸某人身體的某一部位。
【考點提煉】“動詞+sb.+介詞+the+表示身體部位的名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
該結(jié)構(gòu)中，若身體部位不同，介詞也不同，其具體用法如下：
+sb. +
拍，打：pat, strike,hit,beat
抓：catch, seize, grasp, hld
拉，牽：pull,take
in+the+柔軟的部位(如face,eye,leg等)
n+the+堅硬的部位(如head, shulder,back等)
by+the+可牽拉的部位(如 hand,arm,ear等)
?Dn’t hit him in the face.不要打他的臉。
?The angry father caught his sn by the arm.那個生氣的父親拽住了兒子的胳膊。
?The naughty by hit the man n the nse.那個淘氣的男孩兒打中了那個人的鼻子。
【練習】單句寫作
①小男孩挽著奶奶的胳膊，帶她過了馬路。
The little by tk his grandma by the arm and walked her acrss the street.
②一個蘋果從樹上掉下來砸在他的頭上。
An apple fell frm the tree and hit him n the head.
③在泰國，你不能碰別人的頭，即使是意外。
In Thailand, yu mustn’t tuch smene n the head , even by accident.
5. What d yu think the cach might have learnt frm his experiences with Paul?
你認為教練可能從保羅的經(jīng)歷中學到什么?
【句式剖析】本句為特殊疑問句，句中“might have learnt”為“情態(tài)動詞+have dne”結(jié)構(gòu)。
【考點提煉】“情態(tài)動詞+ have dne”結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) shuld/ ught t have dne表示“本來應該做(但實際上未做)”，含有責備或遺憾的語氣；其否定形式 shuld nt/ught nt t have dne表示某種行為本不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
?Yu are late again. Yu shuld have cme earlier.你又遲到了，你本應該早點來的。
?Yu shuld have gne t the cncert with us yesterday. What a pity!你昨天本該和我們一起去聽音樂會的。太遺憾了!
(2) must have dne表示對過去情況的肯定推測，意為“一定做過”，只用于肯定句。
?It must have rained last night, fr the grund is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因為地面是濕的。
(3)can/ culd have dne用于表示對過去情況的推測，意為“可能做了某事”，一般用于疑問句和否定句(culd have dne還可用于肯定句，表示“本可以做而未做”)；其否定形式 can’t/culdn’t have dne sth.表示“過去不可能做了某事”，表示一種非常有把握的推測。
?There is n light in the rm. Can they have gne ut?屋里沒有燈光，他們可能出去了嗎?
?Mr Smith can’t have gne t Beijing, fr I saw him in the library just nw.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因為我剛才在圖書館看見他了。
?He culd have passed the exam, but he was t careless.本來他能夠通過考試的，但是他太粗心了。
(4)may/ might have dne表示對過去情況不肯定的推測，意為“過去可能做了某事”。
?Yu may have read abut it in the newspapers.你可能已經(jīng)在報上看過這個消息了。
(5) needn’t have dne表示“本不必做某事(而實際上做了)”，一般不用 need have dne的形式。
?Yu needn’t have tld me the news. I have already knwn it.你本不必告訴我這個消息的。我已經(jīng)知道了。
【練習】
1.語法填空
①—Oh, I just missed the last bus back hme.
—That’s really bad. I’m sure yu culd have caught (catch) it, but yu just didn’t hurry up.
②(2019·江蘇閱讀理解改編) At sme time in the past Yellwstne must have blwn (blw) up with a vilence far beynd the scale (規(guī)模) f anything knwn t humans.
③—Is it Mr Smith?
—There isn’t any Mr Smith here. Yu must have dialed the wrng number.
2.完成句子
①懷特先生本應該上午8:30到達并參加這次會議的，但他沒有出席。
Mr White shuld/ught t have arrived at 8:30 am fr the meeting, but he didn’t shw up.
②(浙江高考單項填空改編)喬治不可能已經(jīng)走遠了，因為他的咖啡還是熱的。
Gerge can’t/culdn’t have gne t far. His cffee is still warm.
③我已經(jīng)帶了一把傘，你本不必再帶一把的。
I have taken an umbrella, s yu needn’t have taken anther ne.
語法
挖教材?語法示例
用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞完成下面教材中的句子并體會它們的語法特征。
1. When we weren’t playing n the curtwhich/thatwas next t urbuilding, we were watching a game n TV.
2. Paul’s favurite player was Tyrne Bgues, a guywh/thatplayed fr the Charltte Hrnets, althugh we actually agree thatthey are bth champins.
3. Everyne knew Paul had real skills, and was smenewhwrked really hard and had a strng desire t play fr the team.
4. This week, The Lins were playing ur main cmpetitrs,TheBears, a teamwhserecrd this seasn had beenperfect.
5. Paul didn’t knw he’d sn get the chancewhich/that he’d beenwaiting fr.
6. And clearly, all the extra hursthathe’d spent practisingalne paid ff.
限制性定語從句( I )——關(guān)系代詞
【知識點1】定語從句的基本概述
1.定語從句的定義：
在復合句中修飾或限定主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句定語從句，它所修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞。限制性定
語從句與先行詞之間的關(guān)系非常密切，從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)、身份、特征等狀況。限制性定語從句不能省略，否則句意就不完整。引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。
2.關(guān)系詞的作用：
①連接主句和從句；②指代先行詞；③在從句中充當句子成分。
3.關(guān)系詞的分類：
①關(guān)系代詞：that, which, wh, whm, whse, as(本單元講前五個的用法)；②關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。
【知識點2】關(guān)系代詞的基本用法
關(guān)系代詞用于替代指人或物的先行詞，在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。
1.wh指人，在定語從句中可以作主語或賓語。
?Here cmes the girl wh wants t see yu.想見你的那個女孩過來了。(wh在從句中作主語)
?He is the man wh I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見到的人。(wh在從句中作賓語)
2.whm指人，在定語從句中只作賓語，可省略，也可用wh代替。若whm前有介詞，則不能用wh代替，也不可省略。
?Rse is the persn (whm/wh) yu shuld lk after. 羅絲是你應該照顧的人。
?When I have truble, he is the nly ne t whm I can g fr help.當我有困難時，他是我唯一可以求助的人。
3. whse指人或物，在定語從句中作定語。
?They rushed ver t help the man whse car had brken dwn. 那個人的車壞了，他們沖過去幫忙。
4. which一般指物，在定語從句中作主諳或賓語。作賓語時一般可省略。
?China is a cuntry which has a lng histry.中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。(which在從句中作主語)
?The package (which) yu are carrying is abut t fall.你拿的包快掉了。( which在從句中作賓語)
5.that既可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時一般可省略。指人時一般可用wh替代，指物時一般可用 which替代。
?The number f peple that/ wh cme t visit this city each year reaches ne millin.
每年來參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達一百萬。(that/wh在從句中作主語)
?The chair (that/which) yu brke yesterday is nw being repaired.
你昨天弄壞的那把椅子現(xiàn)在正在修。(that/wh在從句中作賓語)
【知識點3】關(guān)系代詞的選擇
1.宜用that不用 which的情況
(1)當先行詞是all, much, anything, smething, everything, nthing, little, nne等不定代詞時。
?She tld me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告訴了我。
(2)當先行詞被all, n, few, any, little, sme, much, last, nly, very等修飾時。
?I’ve read all the bks that were brrwed frm thers. 我已經(jīng)讀了從別人那兒借來的所有的書。
?Mr Smith is the nly freigner that she knws.史密斯先生是她唯一認識的外國人。
(3)當先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾，或先行詞為形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時。
?This is the mst exciting ftball game that I have ever seen. 這是我看過的最激動人心的足球比賽。
?The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。
(4)當先行詞既有人又有物時。
?I can remember well the persns and sme pictures that I saw in the rm.
我能清楚地記得我在那個房間里所見到的人和一些照片。
?The freign visitrs spke highly f the yung pineers and their perfrmances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.
外國游客高度贊揚了他們在少年宮所看到的少先隊員以及他們的表演。
(5)當先行詞在主句中作表語，且關(guān)系代詞本身在定語從句中也作表語時。此時句子一般帶有類比含義。
?He is n lnger the star that he was.他不再是過去的那位明星了。
?Our schl is n lnger the place that it used t be.我們的學校不再是以前的那所學校了。
2.宜用which不用that的情況
(1)引導非限制性定語從句時。
?The bkstre prvides us with all the bks we need, which makes us mved.
這家書店給我們提供了所有我們需要的書，這使我們感動。
(2)在定語從句中作介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時。
?I’m lking fr a cntainer in which I can put all these peaches. 我正在找一個能放下所有這些桃子的容器。
(3)在限制性定語從句中，如果有兩個定語從句，其中前一個的關(guān)系代詞是that，那么后一個的關(guān)系代詞宜用which。
?Let me shw yu the nvel that I brrwed frm the library which was newly pened.
我給你看看這本從新開放的圖書館借來的小說。
3.宜用wh不用that的情況
(1)先行詞是指人的不定代詞時，如ne, anyne, n ne, all, nbdy, anybdy, nne等，或先行詞為 thse或被 thse修飾且指人時。
?The student yu shuld learn frm is the ne wh wrks hard and studies well.
你應該向那個努力學習而且學習好的學生學習。
(2)一個句子中含有兩個定語從句，且先行詞都為人時，其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that，另一個一般用wh
?The by that yu met last night is the grup leader wh studiesvery hard.
昨晚你遇到的那個男孩是那個學習非常努力的小組組長。
【知識點4】定語從句中的主謂一致
一般情況下，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，定語從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)一般與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。
?The bks that were sld ut in tw weeks were all written byTm. 兩周內(nèi)賣光的那些書都是湯姆寫的。
?I’m fnd f the piece f music which was played by Jenny.我喜歡珍妮演奏的那首曲子。
【注意】“ne f the+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；而“the nly/very/ right ne fthe+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
? He is ne f the players wh were presented with themedal.他是被授予了獎章的運動員之一。
?He is the nly ne f the players wh was presented with themedal.他是唯一一位被授予了獎章的運動員。
?基礎(chǔ)練｜知識鞏固｜建議時間：25分鐘
Tpic Talk
一、單詞拼寫(用本部分所學單詞)
1.(2020·廣東佛山期末) Nrmally, anathlete (運動員) in sprts like track and field and ball sprts retires in his r her 30s.
2. It’s imprtant t frm a gd habit f taking exerciseregularly(經(jīng)常地).
3. The elevatr brke dwn. That’s why I chse t climb thestairs(樓梯) instead.
4. Thegym(健身房) is under cnstructin. It wn’t pen t the public until the end f this year.
5. Wuld yu like t play tennis with me in the schlcurt(球場) this weekend?
二、語法填空。在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1. I must say I have a strngpreference(prefer) fr classical architecture(建筑).
2. In sunny days, he prefers t d/ ding(d) sme utdr activities and enjys the warm sunshine.
3.(2017·天津單項填空改編) Nwadays,cycling(cycle), alng withjgging(jg) and swimming(swim), is regarded as ne f the best all-arund frms f exercise.
4. I prefer ding sprts with thers tchatting(chat) nline in the rm.
5. Tm, rather than Jackie, is (be) ging t speak n behalf f ur class in tmrrw’s meeting.
三、完成句子
1.A balanced diet (均衡的飲食) with prper amunt f physical exercise cntributes t a healthy life.
2. My mther is ntin gd shape (健康狀況良好), and has taken up tennis t get fit.
3. The dctr suggested that I take mre exercise rather thang n a diet(節(jié)食) t imprve my pr health.
Lessn1
一、單詞拼寫(用本部分所學單詞)
1. (2020·江蘇鹽城期末)Thecrwd(人群) cheered widely at the sight f thechampin(冠軍), wh was reprted t have brken the wrld recrd.
2. It wn’t be easy tdefeat(戰(zhàn)勝) the COVID-19(新型冠狀病毒肺炎), but if we hang n, we will succeed in the end.
3. Running a cmpany(公司) is nt a simple matter f hiring peple—they als need t be trained.
4. Histric sites impress writers with their amazing beauty, which are a great surce finspiratin(靈感).
5. Wepacked(打包) all the bks in wden bxes s that they wuldn’t get damaged.
6. Bring anextra(額外的) pencil with yu in case smething ges wrng with this ne during the exam.
7. He is always full fenergy(活力) as thught he never knew tiredness.
8. The majrity f the wrkers find it hard t live n the amuntearn(賺得).
9. The yung by always reprts t his mther hw many hme runs(本壘打) he hits and she always claps(鼓掌)and cheers fr him.
二、語法填空。在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
1.(2020·黑龍江哈三中期末) I have a strng desire t visit (visit) the ld castle whse dr is painted red.
2. It’s her great desire fr imprvement and willingness t try ut new ideas that have given Drew Faust success in a wrld cntrlled by men.
3.(2017·北京單項填空改編) The little prblems that we meet in ur daily lives may be inspiratins (inspire) fr great inventins.
4. Several passers-by came t rescue the passengers immediately when the car crashed int the tree n the radside.
5. Keep in mind that yur effrt will pay ff. Dn’t let ne r tw failures get yu dwn.
6. Charles is an expert in repairing bikes. He will nt let yu dwn .
7. In my pinin, the key t air pllutin is t inspire peple t take (take) public transprt in big cities.
三、單句寫作
1.我找不到我的錢包了。我可能昨天把它忘在超市了，但我不確定。(“情態(tài)動詞+ have dne”結(jié)構(gòu))
I can’t find my purse. I can/may/culd/might have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m nt sure.
2.我需要減肥，我的衣服都不合適了。()
I need t lse weight. My clthes dn’t fit anymre
3.我正在街上走，突然有人拍了拍我的肩膀，嚇了我一跳。(“動詞+sb.+介詞+the+表示身體部位的名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，which引導的非限制性定語從句)
I was walking in the street when smene patted me n the shulder, which frightened me
4.我正要做晚飯，這時突然停電了。(be abut t d sth.)
I was abut t ck my dinner when the pwer was cut ff.
5.蒂娜經(jīng)常在課堂上聽老師講課時做筆記，這對她復習很有幫助。(as引導的時間狀語從句，which引導的非限制性定語從句)
Tina ften takes ntes as she listens t the teacher in class, which helps her a lt when she ges ver her lessns.
語法練｜專項突破｜建議時間：20分鐘
一、用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空
1.(2020·天津河北區(qū)?？? Hw medicine wrks in a humanbdy is a questin that/which nt everyne can understandfully.
2.(江蘇省揚州中學月考) He was the nly ne f the bys wh was late fr class. [注:先行詞是ne指人，宜用wh]
3.(北京四中期末) Please g thrugh the text and underline the wrds whse meanings yu dn’t knw.
4. —D yu knw everybdy wh came t the party?
—N. I dn’t knw the ne wh/whm yu had a lng talk with.
5.(2020·黑龍江哈三中期末) I have seen mst f the greatest buildings in the wrld that are famus n the Internet.
6.(重慶高考單項填空改編) We’ll reach the sales targets in a mnth that/which we set at the beginning f the year.
7. The writer and his nvel that yu have just talked abut are really well-knwn.
8.(2020·上海金山區(qū)期末) This nvel is ppular with thse wh were brn in the 1980s.
9. There is n success withut hard wrk; success is smething that is nly earned after much labr.
10. She is the teacher frm whm I have brrwed this dictinary.
11. Accrding t the new plan, students can chse the teacher whse class they wish t take.
12. He spent his Sunday afternn in the library that/which was built f stne.
13.(2020·上海金山區(qū)期末) The thught f ging back hme was all that kept him happy while he was wrking abrad.
14. The bk tells stries f the earthquake thrugh the eyes f thse whse lives were affected.
15. Luckily we’d brught a map withut which we wuld have lst ur way.
二、用關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句合并下列句子
1.I have a friend. He likes listening t classical music.
I have a friend that/wh likes listening t classical music.
2. Last week Mary wre the dress. I gave it t her.
Last week Mary wre the dress that/which I gave t her.
3. They live in a rm. Its windw faces suth.
They live in a rm whse windw faces suth.
4. She wants t visit the village. Her mther likes it best.
She wants t visit the village that/which her mther likes best.
5. The ld man likes reading the newspaper every day. Itcntains imprtant infrmatin.
The ld man likes reading the newspaper that/which cntains imprtantinfrmatin every day.
綜合練｜能力提升｜建議時間：6分鐘
課文語法填空。閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Paul and I were n the schl basketball team. Paul’sfavurite player was Tyrne Bgues, a guy (1)wh/that played fr theCharltte Hrnets. Guess why? Paul was nly 1.6 metres high, as tall as Bgues. Being (2) shrter (shrt)than ther players meant he had t practise mre and he used Bgues as his (3) inspiratin (inspire). He said if Bgues culd make it, he culd t. Althugh he had a strng desire (4) t play(play) fr theteam, he was still usually n the bench. That’s (5) really (real) tugh n him. This week, he gt the chance he had been waiting fr. I gt (6)injured (injure) in the cmpetitin. Thecach agreed t give him (7) a sht. We were behind by 10pints then and it was nly 15 minutes befre the cmpetitin ended. The extra hurs Paul spent (8) practising (practise) paid ff and he made sht after sht. We (9) wn (win) by 2 pints with Paul’s help. The cach hit him (10) n the shulder and said
he had earned his place.