?題號押題04 解析版
押全國卷第32—34題閱讀理解D篇說明文或議論文

閱讀理解議論文
議論文是英語中的重要文體，在閱讀理解中占有一定的比例。議論文就是說理性的文章，一般由論點、論據(jù)和論證過程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點、提供充分的證據(jù)，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點或得出結(jié)論。
議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主，偶爾考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感態(tài)度。考生在平時的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文，以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。
【考情分析】
議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主，但不排除對觀點態(tài)度的考查?？忌谄綍r的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文，以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。
1. 語言與結(jié)構(gòu)特點
議論文應(yīng)該觀點明確、論據(jù)充分、語言精練、論證合理、有嚴密的邏輯性。議論文通常采用三段論式的結(jié)構(gòu)，即“提出問題（引論）—分析問題（本論）—解決問題（結(jié)論）”。由此可見，要理解議論文有兩個關(guān)鍵點，一是要弄清文章的論點是什么、采用了哪些論據(jù)、如何論證；二是要理清其基本結(jié)構(gòu)——三段論式結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. 答題誤區(qū)
議論文閱讀理解題易錯點往往在于事實與觀點的區(qū)分以及觀點本身。解題時，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事實，哪些是作者的觀點以及引述中不同人物的觀點；二要弄清作者真正的觀點是什么，既要考慮全文，又要重視結(jié)論部分，謹防將文章中引述的某人的觀點和作者的觀點混為一談。

一、抓住論點找主旨。
閱讀議論文最重要的是抓住文章的論點，找到文章的論點也就把握了文章的主旨。一般來說，作者會在開頭段落交代文章的論點，因此，細讀文章首段尤為重要。
議論文多采用“倒三角形”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此“首段”和“段首”就是做題最大的要領(lǐng)，據(jù)此可以做好寫作意圖題、主旨大意題和標題推斷題。
二、理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
議論文一般采用“總分總”的結(jié)構(gòu)，作者先給出論點，然后從不同方面（正面，反面）進行論證，最后給出總結(jié)或者自己的觀點。文章中會出現(xiàn)較為明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進，并列或者歸納總結(jié)等的邏輯關(guān)系詞?？忌陂喿x時，要理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，找到論點的基礎(chǔ)上進而理解作者給出的論據(jù)，突破細節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題。
三、 體會語言特點。
能否正確把握作者的觀點和態(tài)度是體現(xiàn)閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來說，對作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向，必須在通讀全文，掌握了論點和論據(jù)后，方能做出判斷。在判斷作者觀點態(tài)度時，我們應(yīng)注意，有時候作者的觀點和態(tài)度并不是明確地表達出來的，需要我們認真體察。做推理判斷時，一定要遵循邏輯規(guī)律，以事實為依據(jù)進行合理的推理。
四、注意干擾項特點。
①包含項原則
在答案選項分析中，假如對A選項的理解概括了對其他三項 (或其中某一項)的理解，那么我們就說選項A與其他三項是包含或概括關(guān)系，包含項A往往就是正確答案。如在＂花＂與＂玫瑰＂兩選項中，正確答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。
②正反項原則
所謂正反項，是指兩選項陳述的命題完全相矛盾。兩個相互矛盾的陳述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四選項中A、B互為正反項，那我們通常先排除C、D項，正確答案一般在A、B項當中。
③委婉項原則
所謂委婉，這里是指說話不能說死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項中語氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語氣的表達，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to等等，而含有絕對語氣的表達往往不是正確答案，如：must, always, never, all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。
④同形項原則
命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個大命題范圍，然后通過語言形式的細微變化來考查考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項中有正確答案的存在。
⑤常識項原則
議論文中，那些符合一般常識、意義深刻富有哲理、符合一般規(guī)律、屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的往往是正確答案。
⑥因果項原則
閱讀理解的邏輯推理基本都是通過因果鏈進行的，前因后果，一步步循序漸進。然而，在推理題的選項中，有的選項會推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理過頭(止于后果)，這就是所謂的干擾項。因果項原則啟示我們：假如四個選項中有兩項互為同一事物推理過程中的因果關(guān)系，那么正確答案就是兩個因果項中的其中之一。如果因項可產(chǎn)生幾個結(jié)果，那么答案就是因；如果果項可以對應(yīng)幾個原因，那么答案就是果。

Passage 1（2021?全國甲卷?議論文）
體裁
話題
主題
建議時間
正確
議論文
人與自我
不要讓思維限制了我們的“天才”能力
7分鐘
_____/4
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性別)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
32. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
33. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
3. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【參考答案】32. A 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解題導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章由問題“誰是天才？”引入，論述了世人對天才的狹隘定義，提出事實上“天才”有很多種形式，不要讓思維限制了我們的“天才”能力。
32. A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 據(jù)說歷史是由勝利者書寫的，而那些勝利者為進入天才俱樂部設(shè)定了標準。當俱樂部以外的天才——女性或不同膚色或信仰的人——做出貢獻時，他們不會被承認并且被其他人拒絕)”可推知，作者認為那些“勝利者”對進入“天才俱樂部”設(shè)置的標準是不公平的，因為女性或者不同膚色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承認的。故選A。
33. D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女孩們是按照這個信念行事的。六歲左右，她們開始避免那些據(jù)說是“非常非常聰明”的孩子參加的活動)”可推知，女孩容易受到社會信仰的影響，認為自己在六歲左右就不適合做“聰明孩子”做的事情。故選D。
34. A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一個全球通訊不斷的有線世界里，我們隨時隨地都能看到天才的閃現(xiàn))”可知，進步的全球通訊讓更多的天才被公眾所知道。故選A。
35. B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，結(jié)合文章第一段提出問題“Who is a genius?（誰是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所說，未來的天才來自那些具有“智慧、創(chuàng)造力、毅力和那些能夠改變世界的簡單天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大貢獻的人，他們也可以是某一方面比較突出的普通人。由此可知B項“天才有多種形式”可以作為本文最佳標題。故選B。
Passage 2（2019?全國III卷?說明文）
體裁
話題
主題
建議時間
正確
說明文
人與自我
研究團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子能進行基本的加法計算
7分鐘
_____/4
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.
“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, ”Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?
A. They fed them. B. They named them.
C. They trained them. D. They measured them.
33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.
C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.
34. What did Livingstone’s team find about the monkeys?
A. They could perform basic addition.
B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily.
D. They could hold their attention for long.
35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science.
【參考答案】32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解題導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的一位科學(xué)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子能進行基本的加法計算。
32. C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.可知，在對這些猴子進行測試之前，研究人員對它們進行了培訓(xùn)。故選C。
33. B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.可知，當猴子觸摸屏幕左邊時，它們會得到7滴水或者果汁的獎勵；當它們觸摸屏幕的另一端（即畫著圓圈的部分）時，它們會得到17滴水或果汁的獎勵。由此可知，猴子是通過觸摸屏幕得到獎勵的。故選B。
34. A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.和第五段中的When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.可知，猴子會在超過一半的時間內(nèi)選擇更高的值，這意味著它們在進行計算，而不僅僅是記住每一個組合的值。所以猴子能夠進行基本的加法計算。故選A。
35. D。推理判斷題。通讀整篇文章可知，該文介紹的是哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家Margaret Livingstone領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個研究團隊對猴子進行實驗得出的研究結(jié)果，這屬于“科學(xué)研究”范疇，故該文應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在報紙的“科學(xué)”版塊。故選D。

Passage 1
體裁
話題
主題
建議時間
正確
說明文
人與社會
發(fā)明以海草為原料的包裝從源頭杜絕污染
7分鐘
_____/4
After you finish your fries, eat the ketchup packet. When you add your pasta to boiling waler, put the bag into the pot, too. If these instructions sound confusing to you, it’s only because you haven’t yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging. Notpla design director Karlijn Sibbel says they look lo nature as inspiration for the ideal packaging like the skin on a fruit. “A peel will eventually be used as nutrients by nature, and disappear and become a part of the cycle.” she said.
According to the UN, 9.15 billion tons of plastic has been produced since the early 1950s, and about 60% has been land-filled or abandoned outdoors. Micro-plastics, which are often the result of larger plastics breaking down, pollute the ocean, the air and our bodies. Over the past few years, there has been a growing movement against single-use plastics as many experts have argued the products are unnecessary and harmful. In the US, some places have taken action: New York banned most plastic shopping bags, and in Miami Beach, plastic straws have been outlawed. “Overseas, the European Union put a broad ban on single-use plastics into effect this summer.” the government announced in August.
Notpla’s founders, Rodrigo Garoia González and Pierre Paslie, initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s plastic problem because “it is abundant, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops.” Sibbel explained. There are also many different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or farmed. Seaweed doesn’t use land; it doesn’t use pesticides. It can grow into the ocean and the sea, where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in.
“As they scale up, Notpla’s team hopes seaweed could replace single-use plastic in the supply chain more broadly.” Sibbel said. But with the volume of plastics used around the world, she understands the enormity(巨大)of such a task. “I don’t think one material or one solution is going to solve everything, but we think that seaweed really ticks the right boxes.” she said.
32. What does the author mainly talk about in the first paragraph?
A. The tasty food made from seaweed such as pasta.
B. Common functions of seaweed.
C. The famous company called Notpla.
D. Plastic packaging made from seaweed.
33. What can be learned about plastic pollution and solutions from the passage?
A. Micro-plastics can only be found in the sea.
B. The single-use plastics are considered avoidable by many experts.
C. More than half of the plastic produced has been land-filled.
D. The European Union and the US have completely slopped using single-use plastics.
34. Which is not the reason for the company’s founders turning to seaweed?
A. It is pesticide-free. B. It is easily accessible.
C. It can grow on land. D. It can do good to the ocean.
35. Which word best describes Karlijn Sibbel’s attitude to the future use of seaweed?
A. Optimistic. B. Uncertain. C. Negative. D. Worried.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了，隨著塑料污染越來越嚴重，很多國家或地區(qū)已經(jīng)采取措施應(yīng)對。倫敦一家公司發(fā)明了以海草為原料的包裝，從源頭杜絕污染。
32. D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“If these instructions sound confusing to you, it’s only because you haven’t yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging.(如果這些說明讓你感到困惑，那是因為你還沒有聽說過Notpla，這是一家位于倫敦的初創(chuàng)公司，正在設(shè)計一種以海草為原材料的一次性塑料包裝的替代品。)”可知，第一段主要介紹了由海草制成的塑料包裝。故選D。
33. B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Over the past few years, there has been a growing movement against single-use plastics as many experts have argued the products are unnecessary and harmful.(在過去的幾年里，反對一次性塑料的運動越來越多，因為許多專家認為這些產(chǎn)品是不必要的，有害的。)”可推斷，專家認為一次性塑料的使用是可以避免的。故選B。
34. C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Notpla’s founders, Rodrigo Garoia González and Pierre Paslie, initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s plastic problem because “it is abundant, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops.” There are also many different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or farmed. Seaweed doesn’t use land; it doesn’t use pesticides. It can grow into the ocean and the sea, where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in. (Notpla的創(chuàng)始人Rodrigo Garoia González 和Pierre Paslie最初將海草視為世界塑料問題的解決方案，因為“海草豐富、生長迅速，不會與陸地作物競爭?！盨ibbel解釋道。還有許多不同種類的海草，它們可以被收獲或養(yǎng)殖。海草不占用土地；它不使用殺蟲劑。它可以在海洋中生長，在海洋中它有很多積極的好處，所以它可以創(chuàng)造新的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，讓其他生物茁壯成長。)”可知，海草不會生長在地面。故選C。
35. A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“I don’t think one material or one solution is going to solve everything， but we think that seaweed really ticks the right boxes.(我不認為一種材料或一種解決方案能解決所有問題，但我們認為海藻確實符合正確的標準。)”可推斷，她對此抱有樂觀的態(tài)度。故選A。
Passage 2
體裁
話題
主題
建議時間
正確
說明文
人與自然
中國科學(xué)家利用二氧化碳、氫和電制造出淀粉
7分鐘
_____/4
Starch (淀粉) is the main component of flour, rice and corn among others, while carbon dioxide makes up the vast majority of greenhouse gases. One day, humans may be able to “eat” carbon dioxide, and global warming could be “eaten away” by carbon lovers. Although it sounds wild, the day is coming.
Chinese scientists have created starch using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study published in Science in September, 2021.
“Plants create starch through photosynthesis (光合作用), which is a complex and inefficient (效率低得) process,” Ma Yanhe, the director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. He added that it would take a plant about 60 steps to turn carbon dioxide, water and sunlight into starch.
“Our breakthrough shows that making starch is achievable in a lab. This method makes it possible to produce food in factories and there are many industries that can benefit from this technology,” Ma told China Daily.
The team has been working on the process for 6 years. “The first step of the method is to convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen into methanol (甲醇), which is a molecule (分子) that contains a single carbon atom,” Cai Tao, one of the first authors of the study, told China Daily.
Scientists then piece these single-carbon molecules into bigger and more complex molecules. With the help of supercomputing, Chinese scientists have simplified the natural starch-making process from about 60 steps into 11.
“The new process has made it possible to turn starch production from traditional agricultural fanning to industrial production. And it may be possible to satisfy our needs without farming in the future. This will not only help save water, fertilizer and land but also help recycle carbon dioxide to deal with climate change,” a research fellow with the Chinese Academy of Sciences told the Global Times.
The study can also benefit space exploration in the future. The starch may provide a secure food source for astronauts as they travel long distances in space by simply turning the carbon dioxide they breathe out into food.
32. What does Ma Yanhe think of the new method of creating starch?
A. It’s extremely complex and inefficient.
B. It’s achievable through photosynthesis.
C. It’s a way of dealing with global warming.
D. It’s more efficient than the natural method.
33. The underlined word “convert” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.
A. push B. change C. divide D. mix
34. What can be learned about the breakthrough?
A. It can help improve people’s health.
B. It can change the way of starch production.
C. It can provide astronauts with nutritious food.
D. It can save farmers from traditional agriculture.
35. What can be the best title of this passage?
A. Smart with starch B. Hungry for starch
C. Secure about food supply D. Beneficial to food diversity
【參考答案】32. D 33. B 34. B 35. A
【解題導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了根據(jù)2021年9月發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項研究，中國科學(xué)家已經(jīng)利用二氧化碳、氫和電制造出了淀粉。
32. D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段““Plants create starch through photosynthesis, which is a complex and inefficient process,” Ma Yanhe, the director of the Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily.（“植物通過光合作用產(chǎn)生淀粉，這是一個復(fù)雜而低效的過程，”中國科學(xué)院天津工業(yè)生物技術(shù)研究所所長馬延河在接受《中國日報》采訪時表示）”可知，他認為自然界產(chǎn)生淀粉的過程復(fù)雜而低效，由此可推知，他認為新方法比自然方法更有效。故選D。
33. B。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)后文“which is a molecule (分子) that contains a single carbon atom（這是一個只有一個碳原子的分子）”可知，甲醇這種物質(zhì)是由二氧化碳和氫氣轉(zhuǎn)化而成的。convert意為“轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)變”。故選B。
34. B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“The new process has made it possible to turn starch production from traditional agricultural fanning to industrial production.（這種新工藝使淀粉生產(chǎn)從傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向工業(yè)生產(chǎn)成為可能）”可知，這項突破改變了淀粉生產(chǎn)的方式。故選B。
35. A。主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Chinese scientists have created starch using carbon dioxide, hydrogen and electricity, according to a study published in Science in September, 2021.（根據(jù)2021年9月發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項研究，中國科學(xué)家已經(jīng)利用二氧化碳、氫和電制造出了淀粉）”可知，文章主要講述了中國科學(xué)家成功把二氧化碳合成淀粉。故“智能與淀粉”可以作為最佳標題。故選A。

Passage 1
體裁
話題
主題
建議時間
正確
說明文
人與社會
控制人體生物鐘的基因?qū)δ行院团缘淖饔?br /> 7分鐘
_____/4
New research suggests that a gene that governs the body's biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease. The study is the first to analyze circadian blood pressure rhythms (節(jié)奏) in female mice.
The body's circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period-contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day. In most healthy humans, blood pressure dips (下降) at night. People who do not experience this temporary drop, called “non-dippers”, are more likely to develop heart disease. The circadian clock is made up of four main proteins (encoded by “clock genes”) that regulate close to half of all genes in the body, including those important for blood pressure regulation.
Previous research has shown that male mice that are missing one of the four clock genes (PER1) become non-dippers and have a higher risk for heart and kidney disease. A research team studied the circadian response and blood pressure of female mice that lack PER1 and compared them with a healthy female control group. On both low-and high-salt diets, both groups “retained an apparent circadian rhythm” of blood pressure, the researchers explained. Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PER1 showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.
These results suggest that the lack of PER1 acts differently in males and females. The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age. "This study represents an important step in understanding sex differences in the regulation of cardiovascular (心血管) function by the circadian clock," the researchers wrote.
32. What does the new research find?
A. Biological clock may protect males from heart disease.
B. Biological blood pressure rhythms in female mice acts normally.
C. Biological clock organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period.
D. A gene controlling biological clock works differently between sexes.
33. What role can circadian clock play according to the text?
A. Helping males cure heart disease.
B. Helping blood pressure vary normally.
C. Contributing to abnormal variations in blood pressure.
D. Making up four main proteins regulating almost half of all genes.
34. Which word can best replace the underlined word “retained” in paragraph 3?
A. treated. B. warned. C. kept. D. watched.
35. What would be a suitable title for the text?
A. One clock gene is important B. Women may benefit from body clock
C. New study analyzes blood pressure rhythms D. Blood pressure of healthy humans dips at night
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B
【解題導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了控制人體生物鐘的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物鐘。
32. D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological (circadian) clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.”（新的研究表明，控制人體生物鐘（晝夜節(jié)律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保護女性免受心臟病的侵害。）可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，控制生物鐘的基因?qū)τ谀行院团缘淖饔檬遣煌?。故選D。
33. B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The body’s circadian clock-the biological clock that organizes bodily activities over a 24-hour period-contributes to normal variations in blood pressure and heart function over the course of the day.”（人體晝夜節(jié)律的在24小時內(nèi)組織身體活動的生物鐘有助于一天中血壓和心臟功能的正常變化。）可知，生物鐘有助于血壓和心臟功能正常變化。故選B。
34. C。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Unlike the male mice in previous research, the females without PER1 showed normal dips in blood pressure overnight.”（與先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，沒有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之間血壓正常下降。）可知，此句研究結(jié)果與前句表示對比，前句表示在低鹽和高鹽的飲食中，兩組小鼠的血壓保持明顯的晝夜節(jié)律，推測劃線單詞表示“保持”，與kept同義。故選C。
35. B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“New research suggests that a gene that governs the body’s biological （circadian）clock acts differently in males versus females and may protect females from heart disease.”（新的研究表明，控制人體生物鐘（晝夜節(jié)律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保護女性免受心臟病的侵害。）可知，生物鐘可能保護女性免受心臟病的侵害，以及最后一段“The findings are consistent with research showing that women are less likely to be non-dippers than men of the same age.”（研究表明，女性比同齡男性更不可能成為非杓型。）可知，女性受到生物鐘的影響，心臟和腎臟疾病風(fēng)險可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物鐘”可以作為文章標題。故選B。
Passage 2
體裁
話題
主題
建議時間
正確
說明文
人與自然
恢復(fù)鯨魚數(shù)量有助于恢復(fù)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)
7分鐘
_____/4
By being able to nail for belle food, cuttlefish showed self-control that's linked to the higher intelligence. It was part of an experiment by Alex Schnell from the University of Cambridge and colleagues. “What surprised me most was the level of self-control shown by cuttlefish. ” she tells Weekend Edition.
The experiment was essentially a take on the classic “marshmallow” experiment from the1960s. In that experiment, young children were presented with one marshmallow and told that if they can resist eating it for several minutes, they will get two marshmallows. But if they eat it, that's all they get. The children who are able to delay gratification do better on tests and are more successful later in life.
To adapt the experiment for cuttlefish, the researchers first figured out the cuttlefish's favorite food: live grass shrimp; and their second-favorite food: a piece of king prawn. Instead of choosing one or two marshmallows, the cuttlefish had to choose either their favorite food or second-favorite food. Each of the food items were placed in clear chambers within their tank. One chamber would open immediately, while the other chamber would only open after a delay. It essentially tested whether they could resist the temptation （誘惑） of their second preference food and wait for their preferred food.
The cuttlefish learned to wait. “Animals like rats and pigeons find it difficult to resist temptation, only waiting for several seconds, ” Schnell says, “while animals such as chimpanzees and parrots show more advanced self-control and wail up to several minutes. And the cuttlefish in our study waited up to between 50 to 130 seconds. ”
Animals that are able to exercise self-control in this way have advantages. For example, animals can hide food to eat later. In cuttlefish, Schnell thinks the delayed gratification relates to their lifestyle. “Individuals who wait for better-quality prey could find food more efficiently and limit their exposure to predators. ”Schnell writes.
32. Why does the writer mention the experiment conducted in the 1960s?
A. To highlight the intelligence of humans.
B. To offer statistics to the experiment for cuttlefish.
C. To show the differences between humans and animals.
D. To provide supporting background information for the following experiment.
33. What can we learn about the experiment for cuttlefish from the passage?
A. The chamber with cuttlefish's favorite food wouldn’t open instantly.
B. The cuttlefish had to choose between the food they liked and the food they disliked.
C. Cuttlefish could not wait to eat their favourite food immediately.
D. The food were put at the same place for cuttlefish to choose from.
34. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Cuttlefish is probably born with the ability to resist temptation.
B. It is a disadvantage for animals to exercise too much self-control.
C. Cuttlefish may be less intelligent than Chimpanzees.
D. We must take immediate measures to protect cuttlefish.
35. Where can we most probably read this text?
A. In a personal diary. B. In a travel magazine.
C. In a science report. D. In a geography textbook.
【參考答案】32. D 33. A 34. A 35. C
【解題導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了烏賊在實驗中所表現(xiàn)的與高智商相關(guān)的自我控制能力以及這種控制能力所具有的優(yōu)勢。
32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“To adapt the experiment for cuttlefish, the researchers first figured out the cuttlefish's favorite food: live grass shrimp; and their second-favorite food: a piece of king prawn. Instead of choosing one or two marshmallows, the cuttlefish had to choose either their favorite food or second-favorite food. Each of the food items were placed in clear chambers within their tank. One chamber would open immediately, while the other chamber would only open after a delay. It essentially tested whether they could resist the temptation （誘惑） of their second preference food and wait for their preferred food.”(為了適應(yīng)烏賊的實驗，研究人員首先找出了烏賊最喜歡的食物:活草蝦;他們第二喜歡的食物是：一片王蝦。不是選擇一兩個棉花糖，墨魚必須選擇他們最喜歡的食物或第二喜歡的食物。每種食物都被放置在魚缸內(nèi)的透明容器中。一個容器將立即打開，而另一個容器則要經(jīng)過一段時間才會打開。它測試它們是否可以抵制它們第二偏好的食物的誘惑，等待他們的首選食物。)可知，作者提到20世紀六十年代的“棉花糖”實驗，是為了接下來介紹針對烏賊的實驗，這個實驗是基于“棉花糖”實驗的一種演繹，所以作者是為了交代烏賊實驗的背景。故選D項。
33.推理判斷題題。根據(jù)第三段“Each of the food items were placed in clear chambers within their tank. One chamber would open immediately, while the other chamber would only open after a delay. It essentially tested whether they could resist the temptation （誘惑） of their second preference food and wait for their preferred food.”(每種食物都被放置在魚缸內(nèi)的透明容器中。一個容器將立即打開，而另一個容器則要經(jīng)過一段時間才會打開。它測試他們是否可以抵制它們第二偏好的食物的誘惑，等待他們的首選食物。)可知，實驗測試烏賊能否抵制其第二偏好的食物，去等待它們最喜歡的食物，可推斷裝有烏賊最喜歡食物的容器不會馬上打開，而是需要等待。故選A項。
34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“To adapt the experiment for cuttlefish, the researchers first figured out the cuttlefish's favorite food: live grass shrimp; and their second-favorite food: a piece of king prawn. Instead of choosing one or two marshmallows, the cuttlefish had to choose either their favorite food or second-favorite food. Each of the food items were placed in clear chambers within their tank. One chamber would open immediately, while the other chamber would only open after a delay. It essentially tested whether they could resist the temptation （誘惑） of their second preference food and wait for their preferred food.”(為了適應(yīng)烏賊的實驗，研究人員首先找出了烏賊最喜歡的食物:活草蝦;他們第二喜歡的食物是：一片王蝦。不是選擇一兩個棉花糖，墨魚必須選擇他們最喜歡的食物或第二喜歡的食物。每種食物都被放置在魚缸內(nèi)的透明容器中。一個容器將立即打開，而另一個容器則要經(jīng)過一段時間才會打開。它測試他們是否可以抵制它們第二偏好的食物的誘惑，等待他們的首選食物。)可知，在測試烏賊的控制力的實驗中，科學(xué)家們并沒有針對烏賊做任何的訓(xùn)練，可推斷烏賊在實驗中所表現(xiàn)出的自我控制能力是烏賊本身所具備的，很大可能是與生俱來的。故選A項。
35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“By being able to nail for belle food, cuttlefish showed self-control that's linked to the higher intelligence. It was part of an experiment by Alex Schnell from the University of Cambridge and colleagues. “What surprised me most was the level of self-control shown by cuttlefish. ” she tells Weekend Edition.”(通過捕捉到美麗的食物，烏賊表現(xiàn)出了與高智商相關(guān)的自我控制能力。這是劍橋大學(xué)的Alex Schnell和他的同事進行的實驗的一部分。“最讓我驚訝的是墨魚表現(xiàn)出來的自我控制水平。她告訴《周末版》。)及后文的說明可知，文章主要通過科學(xué)家的實驗，包括實驗過程的把控及實驗數(shù)據(jù)的分析，得出了烏賊具有良好的自控能力這樣一個實驗結(jié)果，可推斷這篇文章來源于一份科學(xué)報告。故選C項。
Passage 3
體裁
話題
主題
建議時間
正確
議論文
人與社會
論述懷疑和科學(xué)的密切關(guān)系
7分鐘
_____/4
The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked my students how they would define science, many of them replied that it’s an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties.
Actually, doubt and science often go hand in hand. Science, when properly functioning, questions accepted understandings and brings both new knowledge and new questions —not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions?
As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often regarded as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge accepted understandings. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence arises from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are temporary understandings that involve the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it pushes us towards a better understanding. Certainties, reassuringas they may seem, prevent the scientific process.
Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two opposite misconceptions (誤解). The first is a form of blind scientism—a belief that science is unquestionable and has the capacity to solve all problems. Such an idealized representation actually ignores the universal existence of controversy, conflict and error at the very heart of the scientific world.
32. What’s the real power of science according to the author?
A. It provides solid solutions. B. It defends accepted understandings.
C. It discovers certainties about the world. D. It keeps bringing questions and challenges.
33. What does the underlined word “reassuring” probably mean?
A. Disappointing. B. Surprising. C. Comforting. D. Challenging.
34. What may be the belief of the second misconception?
A. Science is unchallengeable and a cure-all. B. Science is unreliable and of little use.
C. Science is objective but impractical. D. Science is doubtful but useful.
35. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Why Is Doubt Vital to Science? B. Why Should We Trust Scientists?
C. What Is the Weakness of Science? D. What Is Scientists’ Responsibility?
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A
【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述的是懷疑和科學(xué)的密切關(guān)系。
32. D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often regarded as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge accepted understandings.(作為一名科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家，我認為，科學(xué)家和科學(xué)歷史學(xué)家有責(zé)任證明，科學(xué)的真正力量恰恰在于通常被認為是它的弱點的東西：它對已被接受的認識提出質(zhì)疑和挑戰(zhàn)的動力。)”可知，作者認為科學(xué)的真正力量是它不斷帶來問題和挑戰(zhàn)。故選D。
33. C。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“Doubt might be troubling, but it pushes us towards a better understanding.(懷疑可能令人不安，但它推動我們更好地理解。)”可知，懷疑令人不安，那么確定性就讓人放心，劃線詞reassuring的意思是“令人安心的”，和comforting意思相近，故選C。
34. B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Scientists understand this, but in the dynamic between the public and science, there are two opposite misconceptions (誤解). The first is a form of blind scientism—a belief that science is unquestionable and has the capacity to solve all problems.(科學(xué)家們理解這一點，但在公眾和科學(xué)之間的動態(tài)中，存在兩種相反的誤解。第一種是一種盲目的科學(xué)家主義——相信科學(xué)是不容置疑的，并且有能力解決所有問題。)”可知，第一種誤解是科學(xué)能解決所有問題，那么第二種和第一種完全相反，因此第二種是認為科學(xué)完全沒有用，不可靠，即Science is unreliable and of little use。故選B。
35. A。主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的“Actually, doubt and science often go hand in hand.(事實上，懷疑和科學(xué)經(jīng)常結(jié)伴而行。)”可知，本文主要講的是懷疑對科學(xué)很關(guān)鍵，A選項“Why Is Doubt Vital to Science?(為什么懷疑對科學(xué)至關(guān)重要？)”概括了本文內(nèi)容，是最好的標題，故選A。
Passage 4
體裁
話題
主題
建議時間
正確
議論文
人與社會
論述懷疑和科學(xué)的密切關(guān)系
7分鐘
_____/4
Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help — but then, so did Thoreau (梭羅) at Walden Pond (瓦爾登湖).
Walking in the same woods yesterday, I let myself wander at random, communing with nature.
I took in beautiful scenery near and far thanks to my progressive-lens eyeglasses. Occasionally I’d pull out my smartphone to take pictures on anything interesting. I recorded an inner monologue with a background of all sounds of the forest. At times, I consulted my smart watch to check on my heartbeat, mileage and calorie burn. Eventually I realized I was quite lost. Not a problem of course. Online maps came to my rescue.
But something bothered me. In what I’d intended as a nature experience, here I was using very high technology to help myself out. This insight triggered a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk,” which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I’d been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg.
What would the true naturalist Thoreau think of that? My first thought was that he’d be shocked. But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal:
Lying on the ground with my glass, I could watch him very easily … till I almost lost him in the clouds … I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle.
Famously, Thoreau always set out equipped with a walking stick, which he used not only for support but also to take measurements of water and snow levels. His hat was also a tool, which he called his “botany-box.” And he was prepared even with needles and thread, so when coming out of the woods, he was “the best dressed.” Clearly, Thoreau was a bit of a cyborg himself.
Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us.
32. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To recommend Thoreau’s book Walden Pond.
B. To argue that humans have developed into cyborgs.
C. To share the reflections on man’s reliance on nature.
D. To question whether people are technology-dependent.
33. Which picture best illustrates a cyborg in the author’s eye?
A. B.
C. D.
34. Why does the author quote Thoreau’s journal?
A. To introduce a literary work on nature.
B. To explain how to prepare for a nature walk.
C. To prove that even naturalists use technology.
D. To describe the natural beauty Thoreau enjoyed.
35. What is the author’s attitude towards being a cyborg?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
【參考答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. A
【解題導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。作者通過分析我們?nèi)祟悓夹g(shù)的依賴，并引用自然學(xué)家梭羅的事例，說明了我們?nèi)祟愐堰M化成半機械人。
32. B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Even when communing with nature we depend on technology for help — but then, so did Thoreau (梭羅) at Walden Pond (瓦爾登湖).(即使在與自然交流時，我們也依賴技術(shù)來幫助——但是，沃爾登湖的梭羅也是如此)”可知，我們都是依賴技術(shù)的，自然學(xué)家梭羅也是如此；再根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us.(更深入地思考，我意識到我們已經(jīng)從狩獵采集的祖先那里走了很長一段路，他們從需要出發(fā)，依靠大自然的恩賜。半機械人就是我們)”可推知，本文的目的是為了說明人類已經(jīng)進化為半機械人。故選B。
33. C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“This insight triggered a reconsideration of everything that happened during my “nature walk”，which had been technologically enhanced every step of the way. I’d been functioning as a man-machine combination: a cyborg.(這一見解引發(fā)了我對“自然漫步”中發(fā)生的一切的重新思考，“自然漫步”的每一步都得到了技術(shù)的強化。我一直扮演著人機結(jié)合的角色:一個半機械人)”可知，作者眼中的半機械人應(yīng)該是人機結(jié)合，選項C的圖片中即有人又有機器，符合題意。故選C。
34. C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“But later I did some research. Thoreau enjoyed what his spyglass discovered, like this eagle from his journal(但后來我做了一些研究。梭羅喜歡望遠鏡的發(fā)現(xiàn)，就像日記里的這只鷹)”和第六段“I think I have got the worth of my glass now that it has revealed to me the white-headed eagle.(我想我已經(jīng)得到了我的望遠鏡的價值，因為它讓我看到了白頭鷹)”可知，自然學(xué)家梭羅是肯定了望遠鏡的作用，所以作者引用梭羅的日記是為了證明即使是自然學(xué)家也會使用科技。故選C。
35. A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thinking more deeply, I realized we’ve come a long way from our hunter-gatherer ancestors, who walked from necessity and relied on nature’s gift. Cyborgs are us.(更深入地思考，我意識到我們已經(jīng)從狩獵采集的祖先那里走了很長一段路，他們從需要出發(fā)，依靠大自然的恩賜。半機械人就是我們)”可知，作者對半機械化人的態(tài)度是贊成的。故選A。
Passage 5
體裁
話題
主題
建議時間
正確
議論文
人與社會
論述懷疑和科學(xué)的密切關(guān)系
7分鐘
_____/4
To persist, life must reproduce. Scientists at the University of Vermont, Tufts University, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have discovered an entirely new form of biological reproduction and applied their discovery to create the first-ever, self-replicating (自我復(fù)制的) living robots.
Named Xenobots after the African clawed frog from which scientists take their stem cells, the machines are less than 0.04 inches wide-small enough to travel inside human bodies. They can walk and swim, survive for weeks without food,and work together in groups. They even have regenerative capabilities; when the scientists sliced into one robot, it healed by itself and kept moving.
The Xenobots could potentially be used toward a host of tasks. Xenobots could be used to clean up radioactive waste and collect microplastics in the oceans. Some Xenobots had holes in their center, which could potentially be used to transport drugs or medicines. Traditional robots “degrade (降解) over time and can produce harmful ecological and health side effects,” researchers said in the study, which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. As biological machines, Xenobots are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health. Aside from these immediate practical tasks, Xenobots could also help researchers to learn more about cell biology — opening the doors to future advancement in human health and longevity.
While the prospect of self-replicating biotechnology could spark concern, the researchers said that the living machines were entirely contained in a lab and easily destroyed, as they are biodegradable and regulated by experts. “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity (可塑性) and ability of cells to solve problems,” said Joshua Bongard, one of the lead researchers at the University of Vermont.
32. Which of the following best explains “regenerative” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Fighting disease. B. Replacing old cells.
C. Self-cleaning regularly. D. Recovering and growing again.
33. What can we learn about Xenobots from paragraph 3?
A. They can be widely applied to curing diseases.
B. They can serve well the research on human health.
C. They are specially designed to collect radioactive waste.
D. They are harmless to the environment by degrading plastics.
34. What is Bongar’s attitude towards the self-replicating biotechnology?
A. Positive. B. Doubtful.
C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous.
35. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. An experiment on African clawed frogs.
B. The trend of developing biotechnology.
C. An application of a machine in medicine.
D. The invention of the first self-reproduction robots.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解題導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹有史以來第一個可以自我復(fù)制、有生命的機器人。
32. D。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“when the scientists sliced into one robot, it healed by itself and kept moving.”(當科學(xué)家切開一個機器人時，它會自動愈合并繼續(xù)成長。)可知，機器人有自我愈合和修復(fù)功能，根據(jù)“heal itself”可猜測regenerative的意思是“再生的”，因此，D項“恢復(fù)后再次生長”，符合題意。故選D。
33. B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Aside from these immediate practical tasks, Xenobots could also help researchers to learn more about cell biology-- opening the doors to future advancement in human health and longevity.”(除了這些直接的實際任務(wù)外，Xenobots還可以幫助研究人員更多地了解細胞生物學(xué)，為人類健康和長壽的未來進步打開大門。)以及上文提到Xenobots是環(huán)境友好型機器人，有利于保護人類健康，可知，Xenobots可以很好地服務(wù)于人類健康的研究。故選B。
34. A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ “There are many things that are possible if we take advantage of this kind of plasticity (可塑性) and ability of cells to solve problems’, said Joshua Bongard, one of the lead researchers at the university of Vermont. ”(佛蒙特大學(xué)的首席研究員之一的Joshua Bongard說：“如果我們利用這種可塑性和細胞解決問題的能力，有很多事情是可能的”。)可知，Joshua Bongard對自我復(fù)制生物技術(shù)是積極樂觀的態(tài)度，故選A。
35. D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Scientists at the University of Vermont, Tufts University, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have discovered an entirely new form of biological reproduction and applied their discovery to create the first-ever, self-replicating (自我復(fù)制的) living robots. ”(佛蒙特大學(xué)、塔夫茨大學(xué)和哈佛大學(xué)懷斯生物啟發(fā)工程研究所的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種全新的生物繁殖形式，并運用他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造了有史以來第一個可以自我復(fù)制的，有生命的機器人。)”以及通過閱讀文章第一二段可知，科學(xué)家利用青蛙的干細胞創(chuàng)造了一個有生命的、自我修復(fù)的機器人。由此文章的主題是第一個可以自我復(fù)制的機器人的發(fā)明，故選D。

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