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2012年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(大綱全國(guó)Ⅱ)
英　語(yǔ)
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分　英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共三節(jié),滿分50分)
第一節(jié)　語(yǔ)音知識(shí)(共5小題;每小題1分,滿分5分)
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,找出其劃線部分與所給單詞的劃線部分讀音相同的選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
例:have
A.gave 　　　B.save 　　　C.hat　　　D.made
答案是C。
1.theater
A.treasure B.wheat C.season D.realize
2.persuade
A.usual B.insist C.sugar D.trousers
3.company
A.alone B.carrot C.money D.knock
4.opposite
A.service B.outside C.pioneer D.police
5.society
A.official B.recent C.chocolate D.difficult
第二節(jié)　語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child 　　　 he or she wants.?
A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
答案是B。
6.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,6)—What shall we do tonight then?
—　　　—whatever you want.?
A.Help yourself B.It’s a deal
C.No problem D.It’s up to you
7.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,7)He missed 　　　 gold in the high jump,but will get 　　　 second chance in the long jump.?
A.the;the B.不填;a C.the;a D.a;不填
8.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,8)That evening,　　　 I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.?
A.that B.which C.what D.when
9.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,9)Sarah made 　　　 to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.?
A.herself B.this C.that D.it
10.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,10)Tony lent me the money,　　　 that I’d do as much for him.?
A.hoping B.to hope
C.hoped D.having hoped
11.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,11)I had hardly got to the office 　　　 my wife phoned me to go back home at once.?
A.when B.than C.until D.after
12.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,12)We 　　　 to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.?
A.set about B.set up C.set out D.set down
13.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,13)Next to biology,I like physics 　　　.?
A.better B.best C.the better D.very well
14.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,14)—Did you ask Sophia for help?
—I 　　　 need to—I managed perfectly well on my own.?
A.wouldn’t B.don’t C.didn’t D.won’t
15.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,15)The old man sat in front of the television every evening,happy 　　　 anything that happened to be on.?
A.to watch B.watching
C.watched D.to have watched
16.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,16)100 ℃ is the temperature 　　　 which water will boil.?
A.for B.at C.on D.of
17.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,17)I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I 　　　 find the money.?
A.can B.might C.would D.need
18.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,18)The manager 　　　 the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.?
A.has told B.is telling
C.has been telling D.will have told
19.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,19)The Harry Potter books are quite popular;they are in great 　　　 in this city.?
A.quantity B.progress C.production D.demand
20.(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,20)—Try not to work yourself too hard.Take it easy.
—Thanks.　　?
A.So what? B.No way.
C.What for? D.You too.
第三節(jié)　完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ)
Around twenty years ago I was living in York.　21　 I had a lot of experience and a Master’s degree,I could not find 　22　 work.?
I was 　23　 a school bus to make ends meet and 　24　 with a friend of mine,for I had lost my flat.I had 　25　 five interviews(面試) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 　26　 the job.“Why has my life become so 　27　?” I thought painfully.?
As I pulled the bus over to 　28　 a little girl,she handed me an earring 　29　 I should keep it 　30　 somebody claimed(認(rèn)領(lǐng)) it.The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”.?
At first I got angry.Then it 　31　 me—I had been giving all of my 　32　 to what was going wrong with my 　33　 rather than what was right!I decided then and there to make a 　34　 of fifty things I was happy with.Later,I decided to 　35　 more things to the list.That night there was a phone call for 　36　 from a lady who was a director at a large 　37　.She asked me if I would 　38　 a one-day lecture on stress(壓力) management to 200 medical workers.I said yes.?
My 　39　 there went very well,and before long I got a well-paid job.To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 　40　 that I completely changed my life.?
21.A.As B.Though C.If D.When
22.A.successful B.extra
C.satisfying D.convenient
23.A.driving B.repairing C.taking D.designing
24.A.working B.travelling C.discussing D.living
25.A.prepared for B.attended
C.asked for D.held
26.A.lose B.like C.find D.get
27.A.hard B.busy C.serious D.short
28.A.wave at B.drop off C.call on D.look for
29.A.ordering B.promising C.saying D.showing
30.A.in case B.or else C.as if D.now that
31.A.hurt B.hit C.caught D.moved
32.A.feelings B.attention C.strength D.interests
33.A.opinions B.education
C.experiences D.life
34.A.list B.book C.check D.copy
35.A.connect B.turn C.keep D.add
36.A.her B.a passenger C.me D.my friend
37.A.hospital B.factory C.restaurant D.hotel
38.A.listen to B.review
C.give D.talk about
39.A.plan B.choice C.day D.tour
40.A.operation B.speaking
C.employment D.thinking
第二部分　閱讀理解(共25小題。第一節(jié)每小題2分,第二節(jié)每小題1分;滿分45分)
第一節(jié)　閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,A)
Cold weather can be hard on pets,just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所) as they are.Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time,thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors.This can put their pets in danger of serious illness.There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.
Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take them out,stay outside with them.When you’re cold enough to go inside,they probably are too.If you must leave them outside for a long time,make sure they have a warm,solid shelter against the wind,thick bedding,and plenty of non-frozen water.
If left alone outside,dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter.They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere.Watch them closely when they are left outdoors,and provide them with shelter of good quality.Keep an eye on your pet’s water.Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink.Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside,which may contain something unhealthy for them.
41.What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?
A.They are often forgotten by their owners.
B.They are used to living outdoors.
C.They build their own shelters.
D.They like to stay in warm places.
42.Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?
A.To know when to bring them inside.
B.To keep them from eating bad food.
C.To help them find shelters.
D.To keep them company.
43.If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather,they may 　　　.?
A.run short of clean water
B.dig deep holes for fun
C.dirty the snow nearby
D.get lost in the wild
44.What is the purpose of this text?
A.To solve a problem.
B.To give practical advice.
C.To tell an interesting story.
D.To present a research result.

B
(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,B)
You may think that sailing is a difficult sport,but it is really not hard to learn it.You do not need to be strong.But you need to be quick.And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.
First,you must ask yourself,“Where is the wind coming from?Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?”You must think about this all the time on the boat.The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.
Let’s start with the wind blowing from behind.This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction.Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat.It should be at a 90° angle(角度) to the boat.Then it will catch the wind best.
If the wind is blowing from the side,it is blowing across the boat.In this case,you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.It should be at a 45° angle to the boat.It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind,but it shouldn’t flap(擺動(dòng)).It shouldn’t look like a flag on a flagpole.If it is flapping,it is probably out too far,and the boat will slow down.
Sailing into the wind is not possible.If you try,the sail will flap and the boat will stop.You may want to go in that direction.It is possible,but you can’t go in a straight line.You must go first in one direction and then in another.This is called tacking.When you are tacking,you must always keep the sail inside the boat.
45.What should you consider first while sailing?
A.Sailors’ strength.
B.Wave levels.
C.Wind directions.
D.Size of sails.
46.What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A.The boat. B.The wind.
C.The sail. D.The angle.
47.What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?
A.Move in a straight line.
B.Allow the sail to flap.
C.Lower the sail.
D.Tack the boat.
48.Where can you probably find the text?
A.In a popular magazine.
B.In a tourist guidebook.
C.In a physics textbook.
D.In an official report.

C
(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,C)
Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.For example,in American culture(文化)the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.Yet it also has other uses.A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A smile may show love or politeness.It can also hide true feelings.It often causes confusion(困惑)across cultures.For example,many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper.Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places(although this is less common in big cities).Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places;some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough.In Southeast Asian cultures,a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings.Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.
Our faces show emotions(情感),but we should not attempt to“read”people from another culture as we would“read”someone from our own culture.The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.Rather,there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted.For example,in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do.When with friends,Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.
It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States.People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others.The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different.If we judge according to our own cultural habits,we may make the mistake of“reading”the other person incorrectly.
49.What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?
A.Love. B.Politeness.
C.Joy. D.Thankfulness.
50.The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can　　　.?
A.show friendliness to strangers
B.be used to hide true feelings
C.be used in the wrong places
D.show personal habits
51.What should we do before attempting to “read” people?
A.Learn about their relations with others.
B.Understand their cultural backgrounds.
C.Find out about their past experience.
D.Figure out what they will do next.
52.What would be the best title for the text?
A.Cultural Differences
B.Smiles and Relationships
C.Facial Expressiveness
D.Habits and Emotions

D
(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,D)
ADDIS ABABA,Ethiopia—One of the world’s most famous fossils(化石)—the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton(骨骼)unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974—will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States,officials said Tuesday.
Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice.The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital,Addis Ababa,is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston,Texas,spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S.tour,which will start in Houston next September.
“Ethiopia’s rich culture of both the past and today,is one of the best kept secrets in the world,”said Joel Bartsch,director of the Houston museum.
The six-year tour will also go to Washington,New York,Denver and Chicago.Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour.But they said plans had not yet been worked out.
Traveling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.
Lucy,her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 31/2-foot-tall ape-man(猿人).
53.The author writes this text mainly to　　　.?
A.introduce a few U.S.museums
B.describe some research work
C.discuss the value of an ape-man
D.report a coming event
54.What do the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.A painting of the skeleton.
B.A photograph of Lucy.
C.A copy of the skeleton.
D.A written record of Lucy.
55.How many cities has Lucy’s U.S.tour plan already included?
A.Four. B.Five.
C.Six. D.Eleven.
56.What was the skeleton named after?
A.An ape-man. B.A song.
C.A singer. D.A camp.

E
(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ,E)
Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure.The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because“everyone’s a winner.”And their report cards sounded more positive(正面的)than ever before.As a result,Stanford University professor Carol Dweck,PhD,calls them “the overpraised generation.”
Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years.Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it.Here’s how they work:
A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent(才能) is genetic—you’re a born artist,point guard,or numbers person.The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.When things get difficult,it’s quick to blame,lie,and even stay away from future difficulties.
On the other hand,a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible.Because the ego(自尊)isn’t on the line as much,the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame.When faced with a difficulty,it’s quick to rethink,change and try again.In fact,it enjoys this experience.
We are all born with growth mind-sets.(Otherwise,we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.)But parents,teachers,and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise.Dweck’s book,Mind-set:The New Psychology of Success,and online instructional program explain this in depth.But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children,grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.
57.What does the author think about the present generation?
A.They don’t do well at school.
B.They are often misunderstood.
C.They are eager to win in sports.
D.They are given too much praise.
58.A fixed mind-set person is probably one who　　　.?
A.doesn’t want to work hard
B.cares a lot about personal safety
C.cannot share his ideas with others
D.can succeed with the help of teachers
59.What does the growth mind-set believe?
A.Admitting failure is shameful.
B.Talent comes with one’s birth.
C.Scores should be highly valued.
D.Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
60.What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?
A.Encourage them to learn from failures.
B.Prevent them from making mistakes.
C.Guide them in doing little things.
D.Help them grow with praise.
第二節(jié)　根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容,從對(duì)話后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Daughter:Dad.You love me,don’t you?
Father:Of course,I do.　61　?
Daughter:Well,I saw this great offer for a free phone here in the newspaper,and...
Father:　62　?
Daughter:Well,the phone is free...after the $50 I pay is returned to me.
Father:Ah,so that’s the catch.　63　?
Daughter:Dad.All my friends have one.
Father:Ah,I don’t know.　64　?
Daughter:But the monthly charge for this service is only $29.99,with 1,000 free weekday minutes nationwide,and unlimited weekend minutes.
Father:I don’t know.
Daughter:Please Dad.With the new phone you won’t have to worry about me while I’m driving the new car.
Father:　65　?
Daughter:The new car you’ll need to buy so I can use the phone.
A.Ah...what’s on your mind?
B.New car?What new car?
C.Free?Nothing’s ever free.
D.What did you do to the new car?
E.And why on earth do you need a phone?
F.They always charge a lot for the service.
G.But what is the term of the service agreement?
第Ⅱ卷
第三部分　寫作(共三節(jié),滿分55分)
第一節(jié)　單詞拼寫(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
根據(jù)下列句子及所給漢語(yǔ)注釋,在答題卡相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。(每空只寫一詞)
(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ)
66.Do you speak any 　　　(外國(guó)) languages?66.　　　?
67.Rebecca was the 　　　(驕傲) of her family.67.　　　?
68.Will you stop 　　　(打斷) me when I’m talking?68.　　　?
69.David Beckham’s 　　　(國(guó)籍) is British.69.　　　?
70.The 　　　(現(xiàn)代) history of Italy dates from 1860.70.　　　?
71.Bob’s 　　　(侄子) is a freshman at Harvard University.71.　　　?
72.Alice wanted to borrow Jack’s computer,but he 　　　(拒絕).72.　　　?
73.Her 　　　(書架) are filled with books and photos.73.　　　?
74.What are you girls 　　　(耳語(yǔ)) about?74.　　　?
75.Don’t 　　　(咳嗽) more than you can help.75.　　　?
第二節(jié)　短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤。對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行作出判斷:如無(wú)錯(cuò)誤,在該行右邊橫線上畫一個(gè)勾(√);如有錯(cuò)誤(每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤),則按下列情況改正:
此行多一個(gè)詞:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉,在該行右邊橫線上寫出該詞,并也用斜線劃掉。
此行缺一個(gè)詞:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),在該行右邊橫線上寫出該加的詞。
此行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。
注意:1.原行沒(méi)有錯(cuò)的不要改;
2.答案必須寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ)
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you opinion about water saving.76.　　?
Water is important.We,as well as animal,cannot live77.　　?
without water and neither agriculture or industry can go78.　　?
without it.Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.79.　　?
Many countries in the world find we don’t have enough water.80.　　?
To deal with a problem,I think,we should first go all81.　　?
out to plant trees though trees will help save water.Next,no82.　　?
drinking water should be left running.Third,we should find83.　　?
ways to reuse the water using in washing,especially bath84.　　?
water for which is quite a lot,and that will save much water.85.　　?
Sincerely,
Li Hua
第三節(jié)　書面表達(dá)(滿分30分)
(2012全國(guó)Ⅱ)
假定你是李華,你班同學(xué)決定為小明舉辦生日聚會(huì)。請(qǐng)你寫信邀請(qǐng)外教Susan參加,要點(diǎn)包括:
1.時(shí)間:周五晚8點(diǎn)至9點(diǎn)
2.地點(diǎn):學(xué)生俱樂(lè)部
3.內(nèi)容:生日歌、蛋糕、游戲等
4.要求:備小禮物
注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右,開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好;
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;
3.答案必須寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Hi,Susan,
We’re throwing a surprise party for Xiaoming’s birthday.?
?
?
?


2012年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試
(全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)
英語(yǔ)答案及評(píng)分參考

1.D　2.B　3.C　4.A　5.B
6.D　考查交際用語(yǔ)。Help yourself.意為“請(qǐng)自便”;It’s a deal.意為“就這么定了,成交”;No problem.意為“沒(méi)問(wèn)題,別客氣,沒(méi)關(guān)系”;It’s up to you.意為“由你來(lái)做決定”。句意:——那么我們今晚做什么呢?——由你來(lái)做決定,你想做什么都行。故選D項(xiàng)。
7.C　考查冠詞。第一個(gè)空是特指跳高的金牌,因此要用the gold;第二個(gè)空表示“又一次機(jī)會(huì)”,不表示特指,應(yīng)用a。故選C項(xiàng)。
8.B　考查定語(yǔ)從句。由空前的“,”可知該定語(yǔ)從句不能用that來(lái)引導(dǎo),排除A項(xiàng);what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,排除C項(xiàng);從句中的about 缺少賓語(yǔ),因此排除不能作賓語(yǔ)的when,而which可以在從句中作賓語(yǔ)且可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,故選B項(xiàng)。
9.D　考查代詞。詞組make it的含義是“抵達(dá),做到,趕上,及時(shí)達(dá)到”,句意:今天上午薩拉到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)剛好趕上飛機(jī)。故選D項(xiàng)。
10.A　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由空前的“,”可排除B項(xiàng),因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其前不加“,”;如果選擇C項(xiàng)(hoped)則應(yīng)在空前加and;希望的動(dòng)作并不是發(fā)生在“托尼借給我錢”之前,故排除表示完成的having hoped;由于Tony與hope之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選擇現(xiàn)在分詞hoping作狀語(yǔ)。
11.A　考查狀語(yǔ)從句。hardly常與when連用,表示“一……就……”;hardly...when...=no sooner...than...,主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意:我剛到辦公室,我妻子就給我打電話要我馬上回家。故選A項(xiàng)。
12.C　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。set about后接doing sth.,意為“著手做某事”;set up意為“建立”,不與to do連用;set out后接to do sth.,表示“著手做某事”;set down意為“寫下,登記,放下”。句意:我們著手粉刷整個(gè)房子,但那天我們只粉刷完了房子前面的部分。故選C項(xiàng)。
13.B　考查形容詞。句意:除了生物,我最喜歡物理。注意本題易誤選A項(xiàng),其實(shí)此處并沒(méi)有把生物和物理作比較。
14.C　考查時(shí)態(tài)。由問(wèn)句的時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)志Did可知答語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)也應(yīng)該用過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài),即I didn’t need to。句意:——你向索菲亞求助了嗎?——我沒(méi)有必要——我自己設(shè)法完成得很好。故選C項(xiàng)。
15.A　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句中的happy...是形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),修飾句子主語(yǔ)The old man的狀態(tài)。由句子中的happy可知其后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式表原因,即(the old man is) happy to...。故選A項(xiàng)。
16.B　考查介詞。由于本句中的which指代上文的100 ℃,表示“在多少度”應(yīng)用介詞at。故選B項(xiàng)。
17.A　考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。can“能夠”;might“可能”;would“愿意”;need“需要”。句意:如果我能找到那筆錢,我打算和約翰一起去歐洲度假。故選A項(xiàng)。
18.C　考查時(shí)態(tài)。由句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)since 9 am可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),故排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng);現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則側(cè)重做一件事情的過(guò)程,意為“一直在……”。句意:自從上午9點(diǎn),經(jīng)理就一直在跟工人們講如何改進(jìn)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選C項(xiàng)。
19.D　考查名詞。quantity“數(shù)量”;progress“進(jìn)步,進(jìn)展”;production “生產(chǎn)”;demand“需求”,詞組in great demand表示“需求量很大”。句意:《哈利·波特》系列小說(shuō)非常流行;它們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市需求量很大。故選D項(xiàng)。
20.D　考查交際用語(yǔ)。So what?意為“那又如何?”;No way.意為“沒(méi)門,不可能”;What for?意為“為什么?”;You too.意為“你也是”。句意:——盡力不要讓自己太辛苦了。放松點(diǎn)?！x謝。你也是。故選D項(xiàng)。
21.B　as可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,也可以作“雖然,盡管”講,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,但從句必須用倒裝語(yǔ)序;though“雖然,盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;if“如果”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句;when“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。由“我有許多經(jīng)驗(yàn)和碩士學(xué)位”以及主句中的I couldn’t find...work可知此處應(yīng)用though表示“雖然我有許多經(jīng)驗(yàn)和碩士學(xué)位”。故選B項(xiàng)。
22.C　successful“成功的”;extra“額外的”;satisfying“令人滿意的”;convenient“方便的,便利的”。此處應(yīng)用satisfying來(lái)與上文“雖然我擁有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和碩士學(xué)位”相呼應(yīng)。故選C項(xiàng)。
23.A　由該空后的to make ends meet(收支相抵)可知,此處應(yīng)是作者的謀生手段,應(yīng)用driving表示“開(kāi)校車”。故選A項(xiàng)。
24.D　由for后的“我失去了我的公寓”可推知,此處應(yīng)用living表示“我和一個(gè)朋友住在一起”。故選D項(xiàng)。
25.B　prepare for“為……做準(zhǔn)備”;attend“參加”;ask for“請(qǐng)求得到”;hold“舉辦”。此處用attended表示“我參加了一家公司的五次面試”。故選B項(xiàng)。
26.D　由下一句中的I thought painfully可知作者沒(méi)有得到這份工作。
27.A　沒(méi)有得到那份工作,作者應(yīng)該認(rèn)為生活如此艱難。hard“艱難的”;busy“忙碌的”;serious“嚴(yán)肅的,認(rèn)真的”;short“短的”。故選A項(xiàng)。
28.B　wave at“朝……揮手”;drop off“讓……下車”;call on“號(hào)召”;look for“尋找”。此處用drop off表示“就在我把校車停下讓一個(gè)小女孩下車的時(shí)候”。故選B項(xiàng)。
29.C　order“命令”;promise“承諾,答應(yīng)”;say“說(shuō)”;show“展示”。此處用saying表示小女孩在把耳環(huán)交給作者的同時(shí)說(shuō)了一些話。故選C項(xiàng)。
30.A　in case“以免,萬(wàn)一”;or else“否則”;as if“好像”;now that“既然”。此處用in case表示“我應(yīng)該把這個(gè)耳環(huán)保存著以防有人來(lái)認(rèn)領(lǐng)”。故選A項(xiàng)。
31.B　It hit sb....表示“某人突然想起……”。故選B項(xiàng)。
32.B　feelings“感受,感覺(jué)”;attention“注意力”;strength“力氣,優(yōu)勢(shì)”;interests“愛(ài)好,利益”。此處用attention表示“我一直都在注意不好的事情而不是好的事情”。故選B項(xiàng)。
33.D　opinion“觀點(diǎn),看法”;education“教育”;experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”;life“生活”。由作者沒(méi)有得到那份工作可知,作者關(guān)注的是自己生活中不好的事情。故選D項(xiàng)。
34.A　list“目錄,表”,詞組make a list of的含義是“列表”;book“書籍”;check“檢查,核對(duì),支票”;copy“抄本,副本,(相同書、報(bào)等的)份,冊(cè),本”。此處用list表示“列出令我高興的50件事情”。故選A項(xiàng)。
35.D　connect“聯(lián)系,連接”;turn“轉(zhuǎn)向”;keep“保持”;add“增添,增加”,常與to連用。此處用add表示“后來(lái),我決心在這個(gè)表中添加更多的事情”。故選D項(xiàng)。
36.C　根據(jù)下一句的She asked me if...可知,這位女士的電話就是打給作者的。故選C項(xiàng)。
37.A　由下一句中的medical workers(醫(yī)療工作者)可知這位女士在一所醫(yī)院。
38.C　listen to“聽(tīng)……”;review“復(fù)習(xí)”;give“給”;talk about“談?wù)摗薄４颂幱胓ive構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)give a...lecture“做一次……的演講”。故選C項(xiàng)。
39.C　plan“計(jì)劃”;choice“選擇”;day“日子,天”;tour“旅行”。此處應(yīng)指作者這一天的演講非常成功。故選C項(xiàng)。
40.D　operation“手術(shù),操作”;speaking“說(shuō)話”;employment“雇傭”;thinking“思考”。此處用thinking表示“我知道這是因?yàn)槲腋淖兞怂伎嫉姆绞轿也艔氐赘淖兞宋业纳睢?。故選D項(xiàng)。
41.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句“Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter...”可知寵物也喜歡待在溫暖的地方,故選D項(xiàng)。
42.A　推理判斷題。由第二段第二、三句可知,如果你必須把寵物帶出去,那就要和寵物待在一起,這樣當(dāng)你感到冷,需要進(jìn)入室內(nèi)的時(shí)候,寵物也一樣。由此可推出答案為A項(xiàng)。
43.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段可知,在寒冷的天氣里,當(dāng)寵物被單獨(dú)留在室外的時(shí)候,寵物可能喝不到干凈而且未結(jié)冰的水。故選A項(xiàng)。
44.B　推理判斷題。由第一段最后一句可知本文主要是給讀者提一些實(shí)用的建議。故選B項(xiàng)。
45.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可推知,當(dāng)你航海時(shí),首先要考慮的應(yīng)該是風(fēng)向。故選C項(xiàng)。
46.C　詞義猜測(cè)題。第四段第三、四句中的it都是指代第二句中的名詞the sail(帆)。故選C項(xiàng)。
47.D　推理判斷題。最后一段主要講述逆風(fēng)航海(sailing into the wind)要注意的一些事項(xiàng)。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句可知,在逆風(fēng)航海時(shí),你需要“tack the boat”,也就是使船搶風(fēng)行駛。故選D項(xiàng)。
48.A　推理判斷題。航海介紹類文章不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在旅游指南、物理課本或正式的報(bào)道中,但可以出現(xiàn)在通俗雜志上。故選A項(xiàng)。
49.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段第二句可知,在美國(guó)文化中,微笑通常是一種高興的表示。由此可知,在美國(guó)微笑通常意味著高興。故選C項(xiàng)。
50.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段最后兩句可知,作者列舉越南人的例子是用來(lái)說(shuō)明微笑可以用來(lái)掩飾真實(shí)的感受。故答案為B項(xiàng)。
51.B　推理判斷題。由最后一段可知,在不同的文化中,微笑代表的含義是不同的。由此得出,在試圖“讀懂”別人時(shí),先要了解其文化背景。故選B項(xiàng)。
52.C　主旨大意題。通過(guò)本文三個(gè)段落的第一句都談到人們的面部表情可知,本文的中心和標(biāo)題應(yīng)該與人的面部表情有關(guān),故選C項(xiàng)。
53.D　主旨大意題。本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道,新聞報(bào)道的主旨通常體現(xiàn)在報(bào)道的開(kāi)頭。由報(bào)道的開(kāi)頭“世界上最著名的化石之一將在美國(guó)進(jìn)行首次國(guó)外展覽”可知作者的寫作目的是為了報(bào)道一件即將發(fā)生的事情。故選D項(xiàng)。
54.C　詞義猜測(cè)題。由劃線詞后“while the real remains are usually locked...”可知,replica只是一個(gè)復(fù)制品,而真正的遺骨通常被鎖在一個(gè)秘密的儲(chǔ)藏室里。故選C項(xiàng)。
55.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句可知,這次展覽首先從美國(guó)的休斯敦開(kāi)始;由第四段可知,這次展覽還將在美國(guó)華盛頓、紐約、丹佛和芝加哥舉行。這五個(gè)城市已經(jīng)定下來(lái)。故選B項(xiàng)。
56.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段可知,這副骨骼化石的名字Lucy 來(lái)自于披頭士樂(lè)隊(duì)的一首歌曲。故選B項(xiàng)。
57.D　推理判斷題。由第一段可知,作者認(rèn)為人們不知道他們對(duì)孩子的過(guò)分贊揚(yáng)使得孩子們不敢面對(duì)失敗。故選D項(xiàng)。
58.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第一、二句可知,在持消極心態(tài)(fixed mind-set)的人看來(lái),才能是與生俱來(lái)的,不用付出太多努力就能成功。故答案為A項(xiàng)。
59.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段尤其第四段最后一句可知,對(duì)于那些持積極態(tài)度的人來(lái)說(shuō),克服困難是一件快樂(lè)的事情。故選D項(xiàng)。
60.A　推理判斷題。按照德韋克的研究,孩子們生來(lái)都是持積極態(tài)度的人,是父母、老師和其他人把孩子培養(yǎng)成了持消極態(tài)度的人。因此,為了孩子的健康成長(zhǎng),家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)孩子勇于面對(duì)失敗,從失敗中吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。故選A項(xiàng)。
61.A　62.C　63.E　64.F　65.B
66.foreign　67.pride　68.interrupting　69.nationality　70.modern　71.nephew　72.refused　73.bookshelves/bookcases　74.whispering　75.cough
短文改錯(cuò)
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you ∧ opinion about water saving.76.my
Water is important.We,as well as animal,cannot live77.animals
without water and neither agriculture or industry can go78.nor
without it.Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.79.seems
Many countries in the world find we don’t have enough water.80.they
To deal with a problem,I think,we should first go all
81.the/this/that
out to plant trees though trees will help save water.Next,no
82.because/since/as
drinking water should be left running.Third,we should find83.√
ways to reuse the water using in washing,especially bath
84.used
waterwhich is quite a lot,and that will save much water.
85.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
書面表達(dá)
One Possible Version
Hi,Susan,
We’re throwing a surprise party for Xiaoming’s birthday.We’d like to invite you to the party.We want to give him a surprise,so please keep quiet about it.We’ll gather at the Students’ Club at 8 pm this Friday,after the evening classes.And it’s going to last about an hour.We each will prepare a little present.When he comes,we’ll light the candles and sing“Happy Birthday”together for him.Then the cake will be cut and we’ll sing songs and play games.It’ll be nice to see how excited he will be.I’m sure you’ll have a good time at the party,too.
Yours,
Li Hua


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2012年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)(大綱全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)
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