高中英語人教版 (2019)選擇性必修第三冊Unit 5 Poems學(xué)案及答案-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

背景導(dǎo)學(xué)
Anyne can write a baby pem, and everyne enjys reading it, the yung and the ld. Baby shwer(送禮聚會) pems can have rhythm and rhyme, but they certainly dn’t have t. Pems can be either lng r shrt, but shrt pems are prbably best fr yur typical baby shwer needs. Yu can add a little humr as well!
The peple wh are mst ften tuched by baby shwer pems are thse wh have had children themselves. Sweet pems can remind them f the time when their little nes were still yung. N ne will appreciate them mre than the family members themselves. If yu are a creative writer r have a special talent fr putting wrds tgether in a special way, then yu shuld try writing yur wn baby shwer pems. This wuld make a great gift as well.
If yu decide t write yur wn baby pems, even cmmn things can inspire yu. Inspiratin can be fund anywhere. Lk back n yur wn memries frm the past. What was special abut yur childhd? What special bjects have yu treasured ver the years? What wrds f wisdm (智慧) culd yu pass n t the next generatin? Lk arund the huse and imagine a baby being there. What d yu see, hear, r feel? Let thse thughts be the surces f yur best baby pems.
When writing a baby pem, yu d nt have t write like Shakespeare, and yu just have t be sincere. When the baby grws up, yu can think f hw special they will feel knwing the wrds are just fr them.
If yu are nt the creative type-dn’t wrry! There are lts f places nline where yu can lk fr pems saying just the things yu want t say. Pems have been written n all subjects thrughut the ages, and baby shwer pems are n exceptin. A quick search nline desn’t have t take any time at all.
1.In the authr’s pinin, baby shwer pems .
A.all have a little humr in them
B.are nt suitable fr adults t enjy
C.dn’t have t have rhythm r rhyme
D.must be shrt enugh t meet babies’ needs
答案： C
2.What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A.Advice frm famus pets n writing pems.
B.Wrds that can be used in baby pems.
C.Different ways f writing baby pems.
D.Inspiratin fr writing baby pems.
答案： D
3.Accrding t Paragraph 4, a baby pem shuld sund .
答案： B
Sectin Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
自主學(xué)習(xí)·激發(fā)潛能
Ⅰ. 課文翻譯
Ⅱ. 詞匯拓展
1. srrw /'s?r??/n. 悲傷; 悲痛; 傷心事vi. 感到悲傷→ srrwful /'s?r??fl/adj. 悲傷的; 悲哀的
2. literary /'l?t?r?ri/adj. 文學(xué)的; 愛好文學(xué)的; 有文學(xué)作品特征的→ literature /l?tr?t??(r)/n.文學(xué); 著作
3. recite /r?'sa?t/vt. 背誦; 吟誦; 列舉→ recitatin /res?'te??n/n. 朗讀; 朗誦
4. respective /r?'spekt?v/adj. 分別的; 各自的→ respectively /r?'spekt?vli/adv. 分別; 各自; 依次為
5. cmprehensin /k?mpr?'hen?n/n. 理解力; 領(lǐng)悟力; 理解練習(xí)→ cmprehend /k?mpr?'hend/v. 理解; 領(lǐng)悟→ cmprehensible /k?mpr?'hens?bl/adj. 可理解的; 能懂的
6. civilian /s?'v?li?n/n. 平民; 老百姓→ civil /'s?vl/adj. 平民的; 國民的
Ⅲ. 情境詞塊
1.nursery rhyme 童謠; 兒歌
2.t the pint 簡明恰當(dāng)?shù)? 簡潔中肯的
3.be made up f 由……組成(構(gòu)成)
4.cnsist f 由……組成
5.in particular 尤其; 特別
6.quite a few 相當(dāng)多; 不少
7.in spite f 不管; 盡管
8.與……相比 cmpare…with
9.表達(dá)自己的想法 express neself
10.講得通; 有意義 make sense
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
2.
文本互動·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
1.Reading fr the main idea.
What’s the main idea f the text?
A.T tell us the reasns why peple cmpse petry.
B.T intrduce a few simple frms f English pems.
C.T explain what rhyme and rhythm are.
D.T encurage peple t try t cmpse pems.
答案：B
2.Reading fr the structure.
Fill in the fllwing blanks with prper wrds.
3.Reading fr the details.
1.Hw many frms f pems des the passage talk abut?
答案： D
2.Why d pets cmpse petry？
A.T describe a certain image r cnvey certain feelings.
B.T catch mre peple’s attentin.
C.T make himself r herself understd.
D.T practice his r her writing skills.
答案： A
3.Which tw pems have rhyming wrds?
A.Pem A and Pem B.Pem E and Pem F.
C.Pem C and Pem D.Pem B and Pem E.
答案： A
4.Which f the fllwing is nt mentined in Pem E?
A.A butterfly.B.A blssm.
C.A child.D.A branch.
答案： C
Ⅱ. 難句突破
1.One f the simplest kinds f pem is the “l(fā)ist pem”, ① which cntains a list f things, peple, ideas, r descriptins ② that develp a particular theme .
【分析】本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。其中①為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句, 修飾先行詞list pem,②為 that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 修飾先行詞things, peple, ideas r descriptins。
【譯文】最簡單的詩歌之一是“清單詩”, 它包含一份有關(guān)事物、人物、想法或描述性內(nèi)容的清單, 形成一個特定主題。
2.Anther simple frm f pem ① that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, ② which is made up f five lines .
【分析】本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。其中①為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句, 修飾先行詞pem,②為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句, 修飾先行詞 cinquain ?！咀g文】另一種業(yè)余愛好者很容易就能寫出來的形式簡單的詩是五行詩, 它由五行組成。
Ⅲ. 概要寫作
Step 1 Questin Answering
根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容回答下列問題。
1.What are the characteristics f nursery rhymes?
They rhyme, have a strng rhythm and ften repeat the same wrds. Althugh they may nt make sense, they are easy t learn and recite.
2.Is the list pem ne f the simplest kinds f pem?
Yes. The list pem is ne f the simplest kinds f pem.
3.What are the characteristics f the list pem?
The list pem has a flexible line length and repeated phrases.
4.Hw many lines is cinquain made up f?
Cinquain is made up f five lines.
5.What des cinquain cnvey?
It cnveys a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds.
6.Is haiku a frm f English petry?
N. Haiku is a Japanese frm f petry.
7.Hw many syllables des haiku cnsist f?
Haiku cnsists f 17 syllables.
8.What are the characteristics f haiku?
It can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few wrds.
9.Has Tang petry been translated int English?
Yes, a lt f Tang petry has been translated int English.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1.用定語從句合并上文第2、3句。
The list pem, which has a flexible line length and repeated phrases, is ne f the simplest kinds f pem.
2.用非謂語動詞合并上文第4、5句。
Cinquain, made up f five lines, cnveys a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds.
3.用同位語和非謂語動詞合并上文第6、7、8句。
Haiku, a Japanese frm f petry, gives a clear picture and creates a special feeling using very few wrds, cnsisting f 17 syllables.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.將以上句子連成一篇語言流暢、用詞準(zhǔn)確、邏輯嚴(yán)密的文章概要。
Here are a few simple frms f English pems. Nursery rhymes rhyme, have a strng rhythm and ften repeat the same wrds. Althugh they may nt make sense, they are easy t learn and recite. The list pem, which has a flexible line length and repeated phrases, is ne f the simplest kinds f pem. Cinquain, made up f five lines, cnveys a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds. Haiku, a Japanese frm f petry, gives a clear picture and creates a special feeling using very few wrds, cnsisting f 17 syllables. A lt f Tang petry has been translated int English.
新知清障·素養(yǎng)構(gòu)建
核心詞匯
1. srrw n.悲傷; 悲痛; 傷心事vi. 感到悲傷
Others try t cnvey certain feelings such as jy and srrw. 另一些詩歌試圖表達(dá)特定的情感, 如喜悅和悲傷。(教材P50)
典例翻譯
①He expressed his srrw at the news f her death.
聽到她的死訊, 他表示哀傷。
②T his srrw, his whle huse was destryed in the earthquake.
令他悲傷的是, 他的整座房子在地震中被毀掉了。
③They said that the decisin was made mre in srrw than in anger.
他們說作出這個決定, 與其說是出于氣憤, 不如說是出于悲傷。
④Her friend was srrwing ver the lss f a child.
她的朋友在為失去孩子感到悲痛。
⑤She lked at him with srrwful eyes.
她用悲傷的目光看著他。
歸納拓展
1.（1）表達(dá)悲傷 express ne’s srrw
令某人傷心的是 t ne’s srrw
(對某事)悲哀多于憤怒 mre in srrw than in anger
（2）為……而悲傷 srrw ver
（3）adj.悲傷的, 悲痛的 srrwful
學(xué)以致用
（1）單句填空
①His father’s face lked suddenly sft and srrwful (srrw).
② T ur great srrw, he died at his pst.
（2）完成句子
③該國降半旗以表達(dá)對地震死難者的悲痛。
The cuntry lwered its flag t half-mast t express srrw fr peple wh died in the earthquake.
2. t the pint簡明恰當(dāng)?shù)? 簡潔中肯的The language f these rhymes, like Pem A, is t the pint but has a stryline. 這些童謠(如詩歌A)的語言簡單明了, 但帶有故事情節(jié)。(教材P50)
典例翻譯
①I’ll cme straight t the pint: we need mre mney.
我就直說吧：我們還需要錢。
②I think yu’ve missed the pint.
我想你沒聽懂重點。
③I’m afraid what yu’re saying nw is ff the pint.
恐怕你現(xiàn)在說的跑題了。
④There’s n pint in getting angry.
發(fā)火是沒有用的。
⑤I was n the pint f giving up the search when smething caught my eye in the bushes.
我正要放棄搜索時突然注意到灌木叢中有什么東西。
歸納拓展
（1）直奔主題 cme/get straight t the pint
沒有理解要點 miss the pint
跑題 ff the pint
（2）做某事沒有用/沒有意義 There’s n pint in ding sth.
正要做某事(這時……) be n/at the pint f ding sth. (when…)
學(xué)以致用
（1）單句填空
①Her cmments were brief and t the pint.
②The climber was n the pint f death when they fund him.
（2）單句寫作
③擔(dān)心是沒有用的。
There’s n pint in wrrying.
3. make sense 有道理; 有意義; 講得通; 是明智的
The pems may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but they are easy t learn and recite. 這些詩歌可能沒什么道理, 甚至看起來自相矛盾, 但是它們?nèi)菀讓W(xué)習(xí)和背誦。(教材P50)
典例翻譯
①It makes sense t save mney while yu can.
錢能省就省, 這是明智的做法。
②She must try t make sense f what was ging n.
她必須盡量弄懂正在發(fā)生的一切。
③There’s n sense in wrrying abut it nw.
現(xiàn)在大可不必為那件事憂慮。
④In a sense, behavir cannt develp independently f the envirnment.
在某種意義上, 行為不能獨立于環(huán)境而發(fā)展。
⑤In n sense can teaching in schl be separated frm practice.
學(xué)校教學(xué)決不可脫離實踐。
歸納拓展
（1）(對某人來說)做某事是明智的 It makes sense (fr sb.) t d sth. 理解/弄懂某事物 make sense f sth.
（2）在某種意義上 in a sense
決不(位于句首時, 句子用部分倒裝) in n sense
做某事是沒有道理的 there’s n sense in ding sth.
學(xué)以致用
（1）單句填空
①See, yur cmputer has brken dwn again! It desn’t make sense t buy (buy) the cheapest cmputer just t save a few dllars.
②In a sense, the generatin gap is a sign f scial prgress, but it als results in difficulties in cmmunicatin.
（2）單句寫作
③這個句子不通。
This sentence desn’t make sense.
4. be made up f 由……組成(構(gòu)成)
Anther simple frm f pem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up f five lines. 另一種業(yè)余愛好者很容易就能寫出來的形式簡單的詩是五行詩, 它由五行組成。(教材P51)
典例翻譯
①The medical team is made up f three dctrs and eight nurses.
= The medical team is cmpsed f three dctrs and eight nurses.
= The medical team cnsists f three dctrs and eight nurses.
這個醫(yī)療隊由三名醫(yī)生和八名護士組成。
②Farmers make up nly 30% f the ttal ppulatin f the cuntry.
農(nóng)民僅占這個國家的總?cè)丝诘?0%。
③After all the delays, we were anxius t make up fr lst time.
耽擱了這么久, 我們急著想彌補失去的時間。
歸納拓展
（1）由……組成 be cmpsed f = cnsist f
（2）組成 make up
彌補 make up fr
學(xué)以致用
（1）單句填空
①His enthusiasm makes up fr his lack f experience.
②This is an rganizatin cnsisting (cnsist) f eight cuntries.
（2）完成句子
③我們班由52名同學(xué)組成, 他們都很友好, 也很努力。
Our class is made up f 52 students/Our class is cmpsed f 52 students/Our class cnsists f 52 students/52 students make up ur class , all f whm are friendly and hard-wrking.
5. md n.情緒; 心情; 語氣With these, yu can cnvey a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds. 通過五行詩, 只用幾句話, 你就可以傳達(dá)出一幅動人的畫面或表達(dá)一種特定的情緒。(教材P51)
典例翻譯
①She’s in a gd md tday.
她今天心情很好。
②He was bviusly in a md.
很明顯, 他心情不好。
③We really felt in the md fr a party.
我們非常想開場派對。
④I’m t tired and I am in n md t have a chat with yu.
我太累了, 沒有心情和你聊天。
歸納拓展
（1）心情好/不好 be in a gd/bad md
情緒不好 be in a md
（2）有意做某事/有做某事的心情 be/feel in the md fr sth./t d sth.
沒心情做某事/不想做某事 be in n md fr sth./t d sth.
學(xué)以致用
（1）單句填空
①He’s been in a real md all day.
②He was in n md fr being (be) plite t visitrs.
（2）完成句子
③在戶外活動了一天之后, 你應(yīng)該想好好吃一頓。
After a day f utdr activities, yu shuld be in the md fr a gd meal .
6. tease vi.&vt.取笑(某人); 揶揄; 逗弄
Brther兄弟
Beautiful, athletic帥氣, 愛運動
Teasing, shuting, laughing愛鬧愛叫, 又愛笑(教材P51)
典例翻譯
①She used t tease me abut my hair.
她過去總是取笑我的頭發(fā)。
②It’s cruel t make fun f a cripple.
取笑殘疾人是殘忍的。
③The kids are always playing tricks n their teacher.
孩子們經(jīng)常耍些花招戲弄老師。
歸納拓展
（1）就某事取笑某人 tease sb. abut sth.
（2）表示“取笑”的其他表達(dá)還有：
嘲笑某人 laugh at sb.
取笑某人 make fun f sb.
捉弄某人 play a jke/jkes n sb.
戲弄某人 play a trick/tricks n sb.
學(xué)以致用
（1）單句填空
①I used t get teased (tease) abut my name.
②She played a trick n me by telling me David was having a party when he wasn’t.
（2）完成句子
③取笑別人的體重和長相是不禮貌的。
It is implite t tease thers abut their weight and appearance .
重點句型
1.“主語+be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)
The pems may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but they are easy t learn and recite. 這些詩歌可能沒什么道理, 甚至看起來自相矛盾, 但是它們?nèi)菀讓W(xué)習(xí)和背誦。(教材P50)
典例翻譯
①The challenging task is impssible t cmplete in such a shrt perid with s few wrkers.
這么少的工人在這么短的時間內(nèi)完成這項具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)是不可能的。
②The mrning air in summer is s gd t breathe.
夏天早上的空氣呼吸起來非常好。
③The sentence is nt easy t understand.
這個句子不容易理解。
④The chair lks rather hard, but in fact it is very cmfrtable t sit n.
這把椅子看起來很硬, 但實際上它坐上去很舒服。
歸納拓展
（1）在“主語+be+形容詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中常使用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。使用此結(jié)構(gòu)需具備兩個前提條件：
①形容詞用來說明不定式的特征。常見的此類形容詞有difficult, hard, impssible, easy, gd, cmfrtable, dangerus, pleasant等。
②此結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語。
（2）在該結(jié)構(gòu)中, 如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞, 則必須在其后加上相應(yīng)的介詞。
學(xué)以致用
（1）單句填空
①(2019課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ)Mdern methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive t perfrm (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
②(2019北京)Credibility is hard t earn (earn) but easy t lse (lse), and the prblem is nly ging t get harder frm here n ut.
（2）單句寫作
③這個房間住起來很舒服。
The rm is cmfrtable t live in.
2. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語It is easy t write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few wrds.它創(chuàng)作起來很容易, 就像五行詩一樣, 能用很少的詞描繪出一幅清晰的畫面, 表達(dá)一種特殊的情感。(教材P51)
典例翻譯
①Seeing my parents waving in the crwd, I went running t them.
看到我的父母在人群中揮手, 我跑向他們。
②The children ran ut f the rm, laughing and talking happily.
孩子們跑出房間, 愉快地笑著、說著話。
③Nt knwing her address, I can’t write t her.
由于不知道她的地址, 我沒法給她寫信。
④Taking the path that leads ut f the twn, yu will cme t a dense wd.
沿著通向郊外的小道前進(jìn), 你會來到一片茂密的樹林。
⑤Thugh knwing all this, they made me pay fr the damage.
盡管知道了這一切, 他們還是讓我賠償損失。
⑥Her husband died ten years ag, leaving her three children t lk after.
她的丈夫十年前去世了, 留下三個孩子要她照顧。
⑦Jane hurried back nly t find that her mther had left.
簡匆忙趕回來卻發(fā)現(xiàn)她的母親已經(jīng)離開了。
歸納拓展
（1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨、結(jié)果等。有時為了強調(diào), 分詞前會加when, while, if, thugh等連詞。
（2）現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語表示自然而然的結(jié)果; 而不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示意料之外的結(jié)果, 且常與nly 搭配使用。
學(xué)以致用
（1）單句填空
①A city is the prduct f the human hand and mind, reflecting (reflect) man’s intelligence and creativity.
②He hurried t the bking ffice nly t be tld (tell) that all the tickets had been sld ut.
（2）完成句子
③新建的木制小屋沿著大街排成一排, 把舊城鎮(zhèn)變成了夢境。
Newly-built wden cttages line the street, turning the ld twn int a dreamland .
素養(yǎng)達(dá)標(biāo)·遷移創(chuàng)新
Ⅰ. 語境填詞
根據(jù)語境和漢語提示寫出單詞的正確形式。
1.He knew nthing f Greek drama (戲劇).
2.T learn mre abut Chinese culture, Jack has decided t take Chinese flk (民間的) music as an elective curse.
3.Jerry is an amateur (業(yè)余愛好者) wh dances because he feels like it.
4.The mvie captures the md (氛圍)f the interwar years perfectly.
5.She used t tease (取笑) me abut my bald head.
6.The frmat (總體安排) f the new quiz shw has prved ppular.
7.The bat rcked up and dwn in rhythm (節(jié)奏) with the sea.
8.Mst f them are extremely delicate (脆弱的) and can be damaged by a simple tuch.
9.Cncern fr the envirnment is at the cre (核心) f ur plicies.
10.Write n ne side f the paper and leave the ther side blank (空白的).
Ⅱ. 語境選詞
根據(jù)語境用方框內(nèi)短語的正確形式填空。
cmpare with; express neself; nursery rhyme; t the pint; make sense; be made up f; in particular; quite a few; in spite f; transfrm…int…
1. Cmpared with letters and public phnes, mbile phnes and the Internet are faster and mre cnvenient.
2.The building needs quite a few repairs.
3.This is a well-knwn nursery rhyme which everyne recites as a child.
4.The explanatin f the wrd in this English dictinary is brief and t the pint .
5.Yung children ften have difficulty expressing themselves .
6.In the face f the epidemic, peple all ver the wrld need t wrk tgether, r the effrts f individual cuntries will never make sense .
7.English became the fficial language fr business in spite f the fact that the ppulatin was largely French.
8.Whenever a camera was pinted at her, Marilyn wuld instantly transfrm herself int an utstanding star.
9.Parents and teachers shuld in particular act as better examples fr children.
10.A Chinese team which was made up f excellent medical wrkers went t Italy t ffer assistance.
Ⅲ. 課文語法填空
1.
There are 1. varius (vary) reasns why peple write petry. Sme pems tell 2. a stry r describe smething in a way that will give readers a strng impressin. Others try t cnvey certain emtins. Pets use many different frms f petry t express 3. themselves (they). Sme f the first pems a yung child learns in English are nursery rhymes, 4. which may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but are easy 5. t learn (learn) and recite. One f the simplest kinds f pem is the “l(fā)ist pem” 6. with a flexible line length and repeated phrases. Anther simple frm f pem that amateurs can 7. easily (easy) write is the cinquain, which is made up f five lines. Besides, haiku is a Japanese frm f petry that cnsists f 17 syllables, 8. but it is very ppular with English writers. English speakers als enjy pems frm China, especially Tang petry. A lt f Tang petry 9. has been translated (translate) int English in the past decades. With s many different frms f petry 10. t chse (chse) frm, yu may eventually want t write pems f yur wn. Give it a try!主題學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
通過本單元學(xué)習(xí)了解詩歌的不同形式和內(nèi)容, 了解韻律和節(jié)奏, 培養(yǎng)對詩歌的興趣。
語言能力目標(biāo)
核心單詞
drama, srw, literary, rhyme, flk, diamnd, recite, amateur, md,
frmat, respective, delicate, cmprehensin, shelf, cre, blank, civilian,
sympathy, versin, incent, era, crespnd, sw, sed, deadline,
cntest, plish, string, cmplicated, variatin, racial, prejudice
重點詞塊
nurseryrhyme, bemadeupf
單元語法
復(fù)習(xí)定語從句
寫作能力
根據(jù)本單元所學(xué)知識能夠?qū)懸黄Z言簡潔、結(jié)構(gòu)清晰的與詩歌有關(guān)的應(yīng)用文。
教材原文
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
There are varius reasns why peple cmpse petry. Sme pems tell a stry r describe a certain image in the reader’s mind. Others try t cnvey certain feelings such as jy and srrw. The distinctive characteristics f petry ften include ecnmical use f wrds, descriptive and vivid language, integrated imagery, literary devices such as similes and metaphrs, and arrangement f wrds, lines, rhymes, and rhythm. Pets use many different frms f petry t express themselves. Nw we will lk at a few f the simpler frms.
Sme f the first pems a yung child learns in English are nursery rhymes. They are usually the traditinal pems r flk sngs. The language f these rhymes, like Pem A, is t the pint but has a stryline. Many children enjy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strng rhythm, and ften repeat the same wrds. The pems may nt make sense and even seem cntradictry, but they are easy t learn and recite. By playing with the wrds in nursery rhymes, children learn abut language.
A
Hush, little baby, dn’t say a wrd,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a mckingbird.
If that mckingbird wn’t sing,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a diamnd ring.
If that diamnd ring turns t brass,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a lking glass.
If that lking-glass gets brke,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a billy gat.
If that billy gat wn’t pull,
Papa’s gnna buy yu a cart and bull.
One f the simplest kinds f pem is the“l(fā)ist pem”, which cntains a list f things, peple, ideas, r descriptins that develp a particular theme. List pems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which give bth a pattern and a rhythm t the pem. Sme rhyme (like B and C), while thers d nt.
B
Mther
Hundreds f stars in the deep blue sky,
Hundreds f shells n the shre tgether,
Hundreds f birds that g singing by,
Hundreds f bees in the sunny weather,
Hundreds f dewdrps t greet the dawn,
Hundreds f bees in the purple clver,
Hundreds f butterflies n the lawn,
But nly ne mther the wrld ver.
Gerge Cper
C
LIFE
Life can be gd,
Life can be bad,
Life is mstly cheerful,
but smetimes sad
Life can be dreams,
Life can be great thughts
Life can mean a persn,
Sitting in curt.
Anther simple frm f pem that amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up f five lines. With these, yu can cnvey a strng picture r a certain md in just a few wrds. Lk at the example (D).
D
Brther
Beautiful, athletic
Teasing, shuting, laughing
Friend and enemy t
Mine
Haiku is a Japanese frm f petry that cnsists f 17 syllables. It has a frmat f three lines, cntaining 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. It is nt a traditinal frm f English petry, but is very ppular with English writers. It is easy t write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few wrds. The haiku pem (E) n the right is a translatin frm Japanese, which shws a mment in the life f a delicate butterfly.
E
A fallen blssm
Is cming back t the branch.
Lk, a butterfly!
English speakers als enjy pems frm China, thse frm the Tang Dynasty in particular. A lt f Tang petry has been translated int English, such as this ne (F).
F
Where she awaits her husband
On and n the river flws.
Never lking back,
Transfrmed int stne.
Day by day upn the muntain tp,
wind and rain revlve.
Shuld the traveller return,
this stne wuld utter speech.
Wang Jian
With s many different frms f petry t chse frm, yu may eventually want t write pems f yur wn. Give it a try!
教材譯文
英文詩歌的幾種簡單形式
人們寫詩的原因多種多樣。有些詩歌講述一個故事, 或描述讀者心中的某個形象。另一些詩歌試圖表達(dá)特定的情感, 如喜悅和悲傷。詩歌的顯著特點通常包括精煉的用詞、生動的描述性語言、整體的意象、類似明喻和暗喻等文學(xué)手法, 以及詞、行、韻和節(jié)奏的編排。詩人用許多不同的詩歌形式來表達(dá)自己?，F(xiàn)在我們來看看幾個較為簡單的詩歌形式。
一個孩童最早學(xué)習(xí)的一些英語詩歌是童謠, 它們通常是傳統(tǒng)詩歌或民謠。這些童謠(如詩歌A)的語言簡單明了, 但帶有故事情節(jié)。許多孩子喜歡童謠是因為它們押韻、節(jié)奏感強, 且往往重復(fù)一些字眼。這些詩歌可能沒什么道理, 甚至看起來自相矛盾, 但是它們?nèi)菀讓W(xué)習(xí)和背誦。通過童謠中的文字游戲, 孩子們學(xué)習(xí)了語言。
A
噓, 小寶貝, 別說話,
爸爸給你買只知更鳥。
知更鳥, 不唱歌,
爸爸給你買枚鉆石戒。
鉆石戒, 變黃銅
爸爸給你買鏡子。
小鏡子, 摔破了,
爸爸給你買只公山羊。
公山羊, 不肯拉,
爸爸給你買架大牛車。
最簡單的詩歌之一是“清單詩”, 它包含一份有關(guān)事物、人物、想法或描述性內(nèi)容的清單, 形成一個特定主題。清單詩的詩行長度靈活, 且有重復(fù)的詞語, 這就使得這種詩歌具有了一定的模式和節(jié)奏。有些(清單詩)押韻(如B和C), 有些則不押韻。
B
母親
千百顆星星掛在深藍(lán)的天空,
千百枚貝殼遍布悠長的海岸,
千百只鳥兒鳴唱著飛過,
千百只蜜蜂在陽光下穿梭,
千百滴朝露迎接黎明,
千百只蜜蜂在紫色的三葉草間嬉戲,
千百只蝴蝶在草叢翩翩起舞,
可在這茫茫的世間,
我只有一個母親。
喬治·庫珀
C
生活
生活可能很美好,
生活也可能很糟糕,
生活常常充滿歡樂,
但有時令人沮喪。
生活可能是夢幻一場,
生活可能是偉大的思想
生活可能是一個人,
坐在法庭上。
另一種業(yè)余愛好者很容易就能寫出來的形式簡單的詩是五行詩, 它由五行組成。通過五行詩, 只用幾句話, 你就可以傳達(dá)出一幅動人的畫面或表達(dá)一種特定的情緒。請看示例(D)。
D
兄弟
帥氣, 愛運動
愛鬧, 愛叫, 又愛笑
是我的朋友
也是我的敵人
俳句是日本的一種詩歌形式, 由17個音節(jié)組成。格式是三行,分別包含5個、7個和5個音節(jié)。它不是傳統(tǒng)的英文詩歌形式, 但很受英語作家的歡迎。它創(chuàng)作起來很容易, 就像五行詩一樣, 能用很少的詞描繪出一幅清晰的畫面, 表達(dá)一種特殊的情感。右邊的俳句詩(E)是從日文翻譯過來的, 展示了一只嬌弱的蝴蝶生命中的一個瞬間。
E
凋落的花朵
正要回到樹枝上瞧啊,
是只蝴蝶！說英語的人也喜歡中國的詩歌, 尤其是唐代的詩歌。許多唐詩都被翻譯成了英文, 比如這首(F)。
F
望夫處,
江悠悠。
化為石,
不回頭。
上頭日日風(fēng)復(fù)雨,
行人歸來石應(yīng)語。
王建
有這么多不同形式的詩歌可選, 你可能最終想寫屬于你自己的詩了。試一試吧！
句型公式
while表對比
教材原句
Sme rhyme(like B and C), while thers d nt. 有些(清單詩)押韻(如B和C), 有些則不押韻。
中文例句
我喜歡喝茶, 而她喜歡喝咖啡。
句式仿寫
I like tea, while she likes cffee .
句型公式
with+賓語+賓語補足語
教材原句
With s many different frms f petry t chse frm, yu may eventually want t write pems f yur wn. 有這么多不同形式的詩歌可選, 你可能最終想寫屬于你自己的詩了。
中文例句
沒有可以求助的人, 約翰只好自己解決了這個難題。
句式仿寫
With n ne t turn t , Jhn had t slve the difficult prblem all by himself.
A FEW SIMPLE FORMS OF ENGLISH POEMS
Types f pems
Characteristics
Nursery rhymes
Have a strng 1. rhythm .
2. Repeat the same wrds. Easy t learn and recite.
3. List pems
Have a 4. flexible line length and repeated phrases. Sme 5. rhyme while thers d nt.
cinquain
Easy t write. Made up f 6. five lines. Cnvey a strng picture r a certain 7. md .
8. Haiku
A 9. Japanese frm f petry. Made up f 10. seventeen syllables. Easy t write. Give a clear picture. Create a special feeling using very few wrds.
Tang pems
Have descriptive and vivid language.

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