高中英語外研版 (2019)選擇性必修第四冊Unit 2 Lessons in life教案配套ppt課件-課件下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

被動語態(tài)(The Passive Vice)【語用功能】被動語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式, 表示主語是謂語動詞的承受者。被動語態(tài)便于論述客觀事實, 故常用于科技文章、新聞報道、書刊介紹以及景物描寫。
觀察上面對話, 并完成句子: 1. The car _______________. 汽車正在修理。?2. The early wrm __________by a bird. ?早起的蟲被鳥吃。3. He ____________many times t behave himself. ?他多次被告知要守規(guī)矩。
is being repaired
has been tld
【要義詳析】1. 被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)
【巧學(xué)助記】主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)記憶口訣一般現(xiàn)、過用be dne, be有人稱、時、數(shù)變。完成時態(tài)have dne, 被動將been加中間。一般將來shall (will) d, 被動變d為be dne。將來進(jìn)行無被動, shall (will) be ding。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行同, have (has) been ding。現(xiàn)、過進(jìn)行be ding, 被動be加being dne。情、助、有、是妥安排, 一律隨新主語變。
否定助后加nt, 疑問一助置主前。主語恰是疑問詞, 直陳語序主在前。一般情助加be dne, 雙賓多將間賓變。復(fù)合賓語賓變主, 賓補、主補相應(yīng)變。
注釋: ①“be有人稱、時、數(shù)變”即be有人稱、時態(tài)和單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化。②“情助”是指情態(tài)動詞和助動詞must, may, can, shall, will等一律隨新主語(多是主動句中的賓語)來變化。③“疑問一助置主前”是說有兩個助動詞的話, 應(yīng)把主語放在第一助動詞之后或把第一助動詞置于主語之前。
【即學(xué)活用】(1)(2020·浙江高考)And, as mre children were brn, mre fd __________(need). ?(2)The tiger shark _____________________________(cnsider) t be ne f the mst dangerus sharks in the wrld. ?(3)(2020·全國Ⅲ卷) The artist was sure he _______________(chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld man laughed. ?
is cnsidered/has been cnsidered
wuld be chsen
2. 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的注意事項(1)時態(tài)保持一致。*The teacher punished him many times fr his lateness. 因為他的遲到, 老師懲罰他很多次了。被動語態(tài): He has been punished many times fr his lateness.
(2)謂語為動詞短語的被動語態(tài)不能丟掉動詞短語的介詞或副詞。*His best friend ften lks after him. 他最好的朋友經(jīng)常關(guān)心他。被動語態(tài): He is ften lked after by his best friend.
(3)主動語態(tài)中若有雙賓語, 將其中一個賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z, 另一個賓語不變。動詞make/buy/mend/get用fr; 動詞give/shw/pass/send/lend/bring/take用t。*Vivian gave me a bk. 維維安給了我一本書。被動語態(tài)1: I was given a bk by Vivian. 被動語態(tài)2: A bk was given t me by Vivian.
(4)主動語態(tài)若有復(fù)合賓語(即句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主語+vt. +賓語+賓語補足語), 將主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z, 賓語補足語不變。*They call him Luis. 他們叫他路易斯。被動語態(tài): He is called Luis.
(5)主動語態(tài)句中動詞make, have, let, ntice, see, watch, lk at, hear, listen t, feel等變成被動語態(tài)時, 后面的不定式需要加上t。*Mr Lee made him wash the dishes. 李先生讓他洗盤子。被動語態(tài): He was made t wash the dishes(by Mr Lee). (6)主動形式表被動。The pem reads well. 這首詩讀起來很美。
(7)有些動詞(短語)不能用于被動語態(tài) take place/happen/cme true/break dwn/break ut等。*All yur dreams will cme true if yu try yur best. 如果你盡你所能, 你所有的夢想都會實現(xiàn)的。
3. 不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)*I am nt s easily deceived. 我不會輕易上當(dāng)受騙的。*Cmputers are widely used in the wrld. 計算機在世界范圍內(nèi)得到廣泛應(yīng)用。
(2)一般過去時的被動語態(tài)*The car was seriusly damaged. 汽車受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。*Printing was intrduced int Eurpe frm China. 印刷術(shù)是由中國傳入歐洲的。
(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)*The questin is being discussed at the meeting. 這個問題現(xiàn)在正在會上討論。*The children are being taken care f by their aunt. 孩子們現(xiàn)在正由其姑媽照看。
(4)過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)*When I came t visit, tea was being served. 當(dāng)我來訪時, 正值上茶之際。*When they arrived, the experiments were being made. 他們到達(dá)時, 實驗正在進(jìn)行。
(5)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)*The meeting has been put ff. 會議已被推遲了。*The party has been planned since the new year. 這次聚會自新年起就已籌劃了。
(6)過去完成時的被動語態(tài)*By the end f last mnth, he had been rbbed at least three times. 到上月底, 他已被搶劫了至少三次。(7)將來完成時的被動語態(tài)*It is said that the building will have been cmpleted befre September. 據(jù)說大樓將于九月前竣工。*This class will have been taught by Mr Brwn fr tw years by next summer. 到明年夏天, 布朗先生將在這個班執(zhí)教兩年了。
(8)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)*The prject will be cmpleted next mnth. 項目下個月竣工。*The meeting will be pstpned till next week. 會議將被推遲到下周。
【即學(xué)活用】將下列主動句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句。(1)The gvernment fficial tld him nt t waste time n fighting fr rights. _____________________________________________________________________?(2)I gave my cusin a ty at Christmas. ______________________________________________________________________________________?
He was tld (by the gvernment fficial )nt t waste time n fighting fr
My cusin was given a ty (by me)at Christmas. /A ty was given t my cusin
(by me)at Christmas.
(3)My brther is cleaning the windw. ______________________________________?(4)Peple living nearby have plluted the river in recent years. ___________________________________________________________?(5)They named the by Jhnsn. __________________________________?(6)Peple in the twn laugh at Hugh fr his fancy dress. _____________________________________________________?
The windw is being cleaned by my brther.
The river has been plluted in recent years (by peple living nearby).
The by was named Jhnsn (by them).
Hugh is laughed at (by peple in the twn )fr his fancy dress.
Ⅰ. 用所給詞的正確形式填空1. Jhn __________(elect) president f the class. ?2. Smking ___________( nt allw) in public places in China. ?3. Oh, my gd! Our huse __________(break) int last night. Lk at the ftprints n the flr. ?4. They can g hme as sn as the hmewrk _________(finish). ?5. The reasn why I haven’t mved int the new flat is that it _______________(repair). ?
was elected
isn’t allwed
is finished
6. Thrugh the Summer Emplyment Opprtunities prgram, students ________(hire)each year in a variety f summer psitins. ?7. Befre chices are finalised, parent/carers ____________(ask )t sign t cnfirm their child’s chices. ?8. (2018·天津高考)My washing machine _______________(repair)this week, s I have t wash my clthes by hand. ?
will be asked
Ⅱ. 完成句子1. He is ften _________this wrk. ?他常被派去做這項工作。2. The by ____________yesterday. ?這男孩昨天挨了一頓批評。3. They _______by a natural disaster last year. ?他們?nèi)ツ暝庥隽俗匀粸?zāi)害。
was criticized
4. Histry _______by the peple. ?歷史是人民創(chuàng)造的。5. The sng _____________by a friend f mine. ?這首歌是我一個朋友寫的。6. This matter must ____________. ?這個問題必須予以處理。7. The cnstructin f the bridge _______________by the end f this year. 這座橋?qū)⒃诮衲昴甑捉ǔ伞?
be dealt with
will be cmpleted
8. ___________________the situatin is basically sund. ?應(yīng)該說, 情況基本上是健康的。9. ________________the enemy were nly ten kilmeters away. ?據(jù)報道, 敵人當(dāng)時離那里只有十千米。10. It is bvius that the plan _________________. ?很明顯, 這計劃應(yīng)當(dāng)取消。
It shuld be said that
It is reprted that
shuld be canceled
【語法主題應(yīng)用】　　使用本單元所學(xué)的被動語態(tài)完成下面語段翻譯　　我的學(xué)校位于(situated)縣城的西邊。校園里種了(planted)很多花和樹, 所以很漂亮。學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在正在建(cnstructed)一座辦公樓和一個實驗室。去年建了(built)一個新操場。據(jù)說明年要建(set up)一個餐廳。教室和宿舍每天都打掃(cleaned)得干凈整潔。我校每年的高考成績在全市名列前茅(ranked)。我校值得大家來參觀(be wrth ding)。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【參考范文】　　My schl is situated in the west f the cunty. Many flwers and trees have been planted in the schl yard, s it is very beautiful. An ffice building and a lab are being cnstructed. Last year, a new playgrund was built. It is said that a dining hall will be set up next year. The classrms and drmitries are cleaned every day, s they are clean and tidy. Every year, my schl’s cllege entrance examinatin results are ranked tp in the whle city. My schl is wrth visiting.
五　Unit 2　Using language【語用訓(xùn)練】Ⅰ. 把下列句子變成被動語態(tài)1. We fund sme jewels in a bx. __________________________________?2. The teacher is keeping the pupils at schl fr a revisin. _______________________________________________________?
Sme jewels were fund in a bx by us.
The pupils are being kept by the teacher at schl fr a revisin.
3. James has left a parcel fr yu. ___________________________________?4. Yu must finish the article befre Friday. ___________________________________________?5. They will nt paint the huse again next year. ______________________________________________?6. They prmised Mary a new dll fr her birthday. _________________________________________________?
A parcel has been left by James fr yu.
The article must be finished by yu befre Friday.
The huse wn’t be painted again by them next year.
Mary was prmised a new dll fr her birthday by them.
7. I have tld the children many times nt t skate n the pnd. ______________________________________________________________?8. Where did he translate the stry? ___________________________________?9. We had t repair ur TV set. ________________________________?10. D they take gd care f the sick? ___________________________________?
The children have been tld many times by me nt t skate n the pnd.
Where was the stry translated by him?
Our TV set had t be repaired by us.
Are the sick taken gd care f by them?
Ⅱ. 把下列句子變成主動語態(tài)1. Spanish is spken in Suth America. ________________________________________?2. The plans will have t be revised. ______________________________3. All the wrds must be lked up in a dictinary. ________________________________________?
Many peple in Suth America speak Spanish.
They will have t revise the plans. ?
We must lk up all the wrds in a dictinary.
4. Has Jhn been cured f his heart illness? ________________________________________?5. The dr shuld nt have been left pen all night. __________________________________________?6. We are afraid that we may be attacked at night. ______________________________________________?
Has the dctr cured Jhn f his heart illness?
Yu shuld nt have left the dr pen all night.
We are afraid that the enemy may attack us at night.
7. We are being taught hw t perate the new machine. ___________________________________________________?8. The by was made t sit dwn. _______________________?9. He was seen t enter the classrm. _____________________________?10. I was given a dictinary by him. ______________________?
The teacher is teaching us hw t perate the new machine.
He made the by sit dwn.
We saw him enter the classrm.
He gave me a dictinary.
【主題閱讀】Ⅰ. 閱讀理解(2021·西安高二檢測) Grandma celebrated her fifty-third birthday just weeks befre grandpa died f cancer in 1965. Althugh his passing was very difficult fr her, I think their shared struggle t make his life lnger taught grandma that gd health was nt t be taken fr granted, and she made up her mind t live her rest f her wn life as fully and as lng as she culd. One day, when she annunced t attend lessns at the Fred Astaire Dance Studi in Prtland, Oregn, where she lived, we rlled ur eyes in
embarrassment and helplessly wished she wuld just stay hme and bake ckies as nrmal grandmthers did. Many years filled with cuntless dance lessns passed befre we learned t appreciate the wnder f having a dancing grandma.
I suppse grandma’s primary mtivatin fr wanting t learn t dance was scial. She had been a shy girl, always very tall and heavy, and had married int grandpa’s quiet lifestyle befre develping any elegance r cnfidence in her persnal appearance. Dancing, n the ther hand, filled her life with flash lights, wnderful parties, beautiful dresses, handsme yung dance instructrs, and the challenge f learning. Althugh the weekly dance lessns did nt change her ample, tw-hundred-pund figure, grandma surprised everyne with energetic perfrmances n the dance flr, which sn gave her as much elegance and cnfidence as any Miss American cmpetitr.
Having taken weekly dance lessns fr years, my grandma learned varius dances easily and was sn participating in dancing matches all ver the Nrthwest. When I was furteen, grandma prudly invited me t watch her cmpete in ne f these matches t be held in the grand ballrm f the Red Lin Inn. My attitude was still unenthusiastic at that pint, but t make her happy, my mther and I attended the match. As if t prve me wrng, grandma made a wnderful shwing in every event she entered. I thught she was truly the queen f the ball during the dance, and my thughts were shared by the judges a shrt time later when she was awarded a gld cup fr her utstanding perfrmance.
【文章大意】通過奶奶的故事, 我們明白好的健康并不是理所當(dāng)然的。我們要用積極樂觀的態(tài)度享受自己的人生。
1. What did grandma learn frm grandpa’s death? A. Gd health was nt there fr everyne. B. She shuld take dance lessns. C. She had t struggle t live a better life. D. She shuld wear beautiful dresses. 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“我認(rèn)為他們共同努力使他的生命更長讓奶奶明白好的健康并不是理所當(dāng)然的, 她下決心要充分地盡可能長地度過她的余生?！笨芍狝正確。
2. Nrmal grandmas usually ______in the authr’s pint f view. ?A. tk dance lessnsB. did sme exercises at hmeC. tk care f grandchildren at hmeD. did sme husewrk at hme【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句中she wuld just stay hme and bake ckies as nrmal grandmthers did. 她就待在家里, 像正常的祖母那樣烤點心。故選D。
3. The authr felt ______when he was invited t watch grandma’s match. ?A. happy　　　　　　　B. prudC. excitedD. uninterested【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句中My attitude was still unenthusiastic at that pint, 在那個觀點上我仍然缺乏熱情。故選D。
Ⅱ. 語法填空(2021·濟南高二檢測) Many f my friends like fall and take it as their favrite seasn. Last weekend, I went utdrs and sn 1. _______(find)a deeper appreciatin fr this seasn.
The change f leaf clrs is a cmmn reasn given 2. _______ the lve f fall. Each tree reacts 3. _______ (different)t the change f the seasn. Sme shed their leaves in hpes f reprducing; hwever, ther 4. _______ (tree)remain green fr as lng as pssible t gain additinal energy frm the sun t survive the winter. This effect 5. _______ (call)the flight-r-fight respnse.
Fall is a time f 6. _______ (reflect)and preparatin fr the year ahead. I have fund a meaning f fall fr me. I’m 7. _______ 18-year-ld by in the final year f high schl and my life is a wrk in prgress. There are times I want t give up, but then I lk arund me and realize life keeps 8. _______ (mve). The natural cycle f life is beautiful and desn’t stp grwing s I have t learn t keep up.
The meaning f fall is different fr each persn. I encurage yu 9. _______ (g)ut t fllw sme path r sidewalk and discver 10. _______ fall means t yu. 【文章大意】作者喜歡秋天這個季節(jié), 不僅因為樹葉顏色的變化, 而且也是對未來一年的反思和準(zhǔn)備的時刻。
1. 【解析】fund。考查動詞時態(tài)。句意: 我去了戶外, 很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)了對這個季節(jié)的更深刻的欣賞。分析句子成分可知, 該句主語為I, 謂語為and連接的兩個并列謂語, and前為went, 時態(tài)為一般過去時, and后也應(yīng)是一般過去時。故填fund。2. 【解析】fr?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。句意: 樹葉顏色的變化是喜愛秋天的一個普遍原因, the reasn fr. . . “……的原因”。故填fr。3. 【解析】differently?？疾楦痹~。句意: 每棵樹對季節(jié)的改變反應(yīng)不同, 分析句子成分可知此處應(yīng)填副詞, 修飾動詞reacts。故填differently。
4. 【解析】trees?？疾槊~的數(shù)。句意: 其他樹木保持綠色, 盡可能長時間地從太陽中獲得額外的能量以度過冬天。tree為可數(shù)名詞, ther后接名詞復(fù)數(shù), 此處tree應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填trees。5. 【解析】is called?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意: 這種效應(yīng)被稱為“逃跑或戰(zhàn)斗”反應(yīng)。由題干可知, 動詞call和主語This effect是被動關(guān)系, 時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時。主語為單數(shù), be動詞用is, 故填is called。
6. 【解析】reflectin?？疾槊~。句意: 秋天是反思和為來年做準(zhǔn)備的時候。f介詞, 后接名詞, reflect動詞, 其名詞形式為reflectin“考慮, 反思”, 不可數(shù)名詞。故填reflectin。7. 【解析】an?？疾楣谠~。句意: 我是一個18歲的男孩, 在高中最后一年我的生活是一項正在進(jìn)行中的工作。表泛指一位18歲男孩, 18-year-ld以元音音素開頭的單詞, 其前用不定冠詞an。故填an。8. 【解析】mving?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意: 有時, 我想要放棄; 然后, 我環(huán)顧四周, 意識到生活還在繼續(xù)。keep ding sth. “一直做某事, 繼續(xù)做某事”, 故填mving。
9. 【解析】t g?？疾榉侵^語動詞。句意: 我建議你選條小道或沿著人行道出去走走?？疾楣潭ù钆鋏ncurage sb. t d sth. “鼓勵某人做某事”。故填t g。10. 【解析】what?？疾橘e語從句。句意: 我建議你選條小路或沿著人行道出去走走, 去發(fā)現(xiàn)秋天對你來說, 意味著什么。分析句子成分可知, 設(shè)空處用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句, 且在賓語從句中充當(dāng)賓語, 用what。故填what。
Ⅲ. 完形填空(2021·石家莊高二檢測)Smaller, Greener, Better During my 15 years as an administratr, I was a n-shw at scientific cnferences. Befre that, my g-t cnferences included Metals in Bilgy in Ventura, Califrnia. This past January, I went back t Ventura after a 15-year 　1　. A lt f things struck me abut hw things have changed and hw sme things have stayed the same. One thing that is increasingly n peple’s minds is the future f scientific meetings. ?
What has stayed 　2　 is that a cnference f that style, with 200 scientists frm arund the wrld, is a vital frm fr scientific exchange. The participants ranged frm graduate students t the pineers in the field f biinrganic chemistry. It was interesting t see hw far a lt f the science has cme. Sme fields still have great 　3　: Even thugh we knw much mre abut the structures, we still wnder hw the O-O bnd frms in phtsystem II(光合體系II). ?
One thing that has started t change 　4　 is the increasing number f wmen and peple f clr amng cnference speakers and participants. We are 　5　 clse t slving the equity(公平)prblems in science r science meetings, but the change in the 　6　 and atmsphere f meetings verall after 15 years is encuraging. This trend shuld cntinue, and mre members shuld have speaking rles t shwcase their science, and maybe small meetings culd als require that a few talks be given by pstdcs and early career faculty. ?
When it cmes t big meetings, the interchange amng scientists 　7　 is still essential. But it’s time fr the scientific cmmunity t engage in frank talk abut the 　8　 f meetings n the climate. Sme cnferences have been supprting digital pster sessins t 　9　 waste, but thusands f flks flying t these meetings is the real prblem t fcus n. It’s time t think creatively abut hw t reduce the carbn ftprint f meetings while 　10　—even imprving—their value. ?
What if we brke the large meetings int smaller, cncurrent(同時發(fā)生的)nes at 　11　 sites where peple culd gather, sharing the drive r taking the train? Despite the big draw f large meetings, unless yu’re in the frnt rws f the big ballrms where these are held, yu’re watching the speaker n a screen frm the back r even in an verflw rm. But in a cncurrent sites mdel, 　12　 cnferences culd be spread acrss different sites. This apprach wuld lwer the cst f 　13　 cnferences and thereby ptentially increase the number and diversity f attendees. A grup f graduate students piling int a 　14　 is much mre demcratic than having t decide wh gets t fly. ?
Scientific cnferences are vital t scientists’ cllabratin. Cntinuing t imprve them in terms f equity fr bth the participants and the climate is smething we can’t stp 　15　 t d. I vlunteer t drive the first van. ?【文章大意】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者對于大型科學(xué)會議的看法, 作者建議注重會議的環(huán)保, 減少碳足跡, 并提出了一些建議。
1. A. pauseB. persistenceC. researchD. administratin【解析】選A。句意: 今年1月, 在停頓了15年后, 我回到了文圖拉。 pause暫停; persistence 堅持; research 研究; administratin管理。根據(jù)上文I was a n-shw at scientific cnferences. 可知作者暫停了15年出席科學(xué)會議。故選A。
2. A. unbelievableB. unusualC. unreasnableD. unchanged【解析】選D。unbelievable難以置信的; unusual 不尋常的; unreasnable 不合理的; unchanged 不變的。根據(jù)上文中A lt f things struck me abut hw things have changed and hw sme things have stayed the same. 可知是沒有改變的。故選D。
3. A. breakthrughsB. mysteriesC. theriesD. pineers【解析】選B。breakthrughs突破; mysteries謎團; theries 理論; pineers 先驅(qū)者。根據(jù)下文we still wnder hw the O-O bnd frms in phtsystem II可知是指某些領(lǐng)域中仍然存在的謎題。故選B。
4. A. t the cntraryB. in the lng runC. fr the betterD. beynd cntrl【解析】選C。t the cntrary相反; in the lng run 從長遠(yuǎn)來看; fr the better 為了更好; beynd cntrl 無法控制。根據(jù)下文the increasing number f wmen and peple f clr 可知會議發(fā)言人和與會者中, 婦女和有色人種的人數(shù)越來越多, 這表明事情在向好的方向改變。故選C。
5. A. smewhatB. ratherC. furtherD. nwhere【解析】選D。根據(jù)后文clse t slving the equity prblems in science r science meetings可知作者認(rèn)為人們離解決科學(xué)或科學(xué)會議的公平問題還差得遠(yuǎn), 應(yīng)用nwhere。故選D。
6. A. cmpsitinB. styleC. interactinD. management【解析】選B。cmpsitin成分; style風(fēng)格; interactin 相互作用; management 管理。根據(jù)后文and atmsphere f meetings可知是指會議的風(fēng)格和氛圍。故選B。
7. A. n the InternetB. n the surfaceC. in persnD. in particular【解析】選C。n the Internet在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上; n the surface 表面上看; in persn 當(dāng)面; in particular 尤其是。結(jié)合后文the scientific cmmunity t engage in frank talk可知科學(xué)家在大型會議上面對面的交流仍然非常重要。故選C。
8. A. imprtance　 B. fcusC. findingsD. impact【解析】選D。imprtance重要性; fcus專注; findings 調(diào)查結(jié)果; impact 影響; 根據(jù)下文It’s time t think creatively abut hw t reduce the carbn ftprint f meetings 可知是坦率地討論會議對氣候的影響。故選D。
9. A. end up withB. cut dwn nC. give publicity tD. lay emphasis n【解析】選B。end up with以……結(jié)束; cut dwn n 削減; 切斷; give publicity t 宣傳; lay emphasis n 強調(diào)。根據(jù)后文賓語waste可知是支持減少浪費, 故選B。
10. A. presentingB. dcumentingC. preservingD. prcessing【解析】選C。presenting展示; dcumenting 記錄; preserving 保存; prcessing 加工。根據(jù)后文even imprving—their value以及上下文語境可知, 在減少碳足跡的同時, 要保留科學(xué)會議的價值。故選C。
11. A. academicB. reginalC. significantD. envirnmental【解析】選A。academic學(xué)術(shù)的; reginal 區(qū)域的; significant 重要的; envirnmental 環(huán)境的。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知文章主要討論的是科學(xué)會議召開的問題, 結(jié)合常識科學(xué)會議應(yīng)當(dāng)是在學(xué)術(shù)地點召開。故選A。
12. A. majrB. interactiveC. prfessinalD. different【解析】選D。majr主要的; interactive 交互的; prfessinal 專業(yè)的; different 不同的。根據(jù)下文cnferences culd be spread acrss different sites可知不同的會議可以分布在不同的地點。故選D。
13. A. televisingB. attendingC. cnductingD. hsting【解析】選B。televising電視播送; attending 出席; cnducting 指揮; hsting 舉辦。上文提到在并發(fā)站點模型中召開會議, 這樣是為了減少人們出席會議的費用。故選B。
14. A. ballrmB. playgrundC. vanD. plane【解析】選C。句意: 一群研究生擠進(jìn)面包車, 比決定誰能坐飛機參加會議更民主。 ballrm舞廳; playgrund運動場; van 貨車; 面包車; plane飛機。根據(jù)下文I vlunteer t drive the first van可知是面包車。故選C。
15. A. neglectingB. prpsingC. discuragingD. striving【解析】選D。neglecting忽視; prpsing 提議; discuraging 沮喪; striving 奮斗。根據(jù)上文Scientific cnferences are vital t scientists’ cllabratin. 可知科學(xué)會議對科學(xué)家的合作至關(guān)重要, 所以繼續(xù)改進(jìn)科學(xué)會議的召開是我們不能停止奮斗的事情。故選D。
Ⅰ. 應(yīng)用文寫作(2020·武漢高二檢測) 假定你是李華, 最近你校英文報在舉辦“Exercise an Hur Every Day, Healthy Life fr a Lifetime”為主題的征文活動。請你根據(jù)以下要點用英語寫一篇短文。要點: 1. 你對征文主題的理解; 2. 你喜歡的運動項目及活動情況; 3. 該運動給你的生活和學(xué)習(xí)帶來的益處。
注意: 1. 詞數(shù)80左右; 2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié), 以使行文連貫; 3. 題目與開頭已寫好, 不計入總詞數(shù)。 Exercise an Hur Every Day, Healthy Life fr a Lifetime Nwadays, ding sprts is becming mre and mre ppular. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【參考范文】Exercise an Hur Every Day, Healthy Life fr a Lifetime Nwadays, ding sprts is becming mre and mre ppular. As we knw, a persn wh keeps n taking exercises regularly will keep fit and live a happy life.
As fr me, my favrite sprt is playing basketball. After schl I usually spend half an hur n it, which nt nly builds up my bdy but als makes me refreshed. Playing basketball helps me relax after a perid f tiring study and imprves my study efficiency. Besides, thrugh the game, I have learned the spirit f teamwrk. It is als a gd way fr me t make new friends. In shrt, playing basketball enriches my life and makes me mre cnfident. Let’s d sprts tgether and enjy a healthy life!
Ⅱ. 閱讀理解 Rain beat against the windw, matching my md. I shuld have knwn that my new jb at the hspital was t gd t be true. Thrughut the day, rumrs warned that the newest emplyee frm each department wuld be laid ff. I was the newest ne in the training department.
My bss appeared. “Yu prbably knw we’re cutting back, ” he said, “Administratin wants us t ffer utplacement classes t help thse emplyees find ther jbs, shwing them hw t act in an interview, fr example. ” “Fine, ” I answered unwillingly, nt knwing what else t say. I decided t g hme early that day. In the hall, I met the lady wh brught us ckies every Friday. She was a little wman with gray hair. Only her head and the tp f her green aprn were visible ver the car laded with cleaning supplies. At least she had a jb!
At the final meeting, laid-ff wrkers frmed a line at the dr. A clleague whispered “I can’t believe ur Ckie Lady is being laid ff. We’ll miss her as much as we’ll miss her ckies. ” When the clleague spke t her in Spanish, I knew my classes wuld be useless fr her and I realized hw much better ff I was than this pr wman.
I decided t d smething fr her. I wrte t a newspaper expressing hw I felt abut the unselfishness f the Ckie Lady wh needed a jb. A few days later, my article appeared in the newspaper and the Ckie Lady was allwed t stay in her psitin. On the same day, I received a letter, which seemed s unlikely that I read it twice. “An editr f a lcal magazine likes yur piece and wants yu t call her next time yu’re lking fr wrk. . . ”
【文章大意】本文是記敘文。作者面臨著公司的裁員, 為了幫助將要被裁的賣餅干的女士, 作者寫信給一家報紙, 介紹了這位需要一份工作來養(yǎng)家糊口的女士的故事。最終, 這位女士保住了工作, 作者也因這篇文章得到本地雜志的邀請信。作者的經(jīng)歷告訴我們: 善行總會有好報。
1. What was the authr asked t d? A. Help the laid-ff wrkers. B. Resign frm the hspital. C. Leave earlier that day. D. Take care f patients. 【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Administratin wants us t ffer utplacement classes t help thse emplyees find ther jbs, shwing them hw t act in an interview. 可知, 老板希望他給下崗工人上課, 幫助他們找到新工作, 故選A。
2. Hw did the authr help the Ckie Lady? A. He ffered her a high-paid jb. B. He gave her advice n jb hunting. C. He taught her hw t pass an interview. D. He made her stry knwn t thers. 【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中I decided t d smething fr her. I wrte t a newspaper expressing hw I felt abut the unselfishness f the Ckie Lady wh needed a jb. 可知, 作者寫信給一家報紙, 寫了關(guān)于這位女士的故事, 讓大家都知道了她的故事, 故選D。

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