Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and match them t the reasns why the passive vice is used.
a On discvering that Mrrie is being weakened by a severe illness, …b ... Tuesdays with Mrrie is just made up f a cllectin f ver-emtinal thughts and messages, A bx f tissues will be needed t get thrugh this bk!
1 The subject is nt knwn, is unimprtant, r “peple in general” and can be mitted.
c A bx f tissues will be needed t get thrugh this bk!
2 The fcus f the sentences is n the recipient f the actin, nt n the subject f the sentence.
a On discvering that Mrrie is being weakened by a severe illness,…
3 The subject ges with lengthy expressins that are better put at the end.
b ... Tuesdays with Mrrie is just made up f a cllectin f ver-emtinal thughts and messages,...
lng subject
被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語中的語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。以下幾種情況常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：1) 不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者； 2) 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者；3) 主語有較長的修飾語時(shí)；4) 通知、公告，新聞報(bào)道和科技報(bào)道等。
一、幾種常見的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞?? eg The bks are fund in the bag. A cap is put in the bag.2. 一般過去時(shí)： was / were +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 eg He was nt happy because he was punished by his parents.3. 一般將來時(shí)： will / be ging t + be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 eg The cars will be sent abrad by sea. A new bridge is ging t be built ver the river.4. 過去將來時(shí)：wuld be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 eg He knew he wuld be punished fr it.
5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am / is / are + being +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞? eg The clthes are being washed.6. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was / were + being +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 eg They tld me that the case was being investigated.7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have / has + been +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 eg His hmewrk has nt been finished.8. 過去完成時(shí)： had + been +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 eg When I came in, the tickets had been sld ut.9. 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 eg Yur hmewrk must be handed in after class.
二、使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題☆被動(dòng)語態(tài)除用“be +及物動(dòng)詞-ed形式”構(gòu)成外，還可用 “get +及物動(dòng)詞-ed形式”結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的可與get連用的過 去分詞有brken, burned, caught, drwned, drunk, fired, hurt, wunded, lst等。如： I gt badly burned by the sun yesterday. The bks seem t have gt lst.
☆英語中有些不及物動(dòng)詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。1. 某些連系動(dòng)詞，如smell, taste, sund, becme, feel, seem 等。如： The flwers smell sweet. These ranges taste gd.2. 某些可以和well, easily等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如 write, read, wash, clean, draw, burn, ck等。如： My new pen writes well. This flr cleans easily.
3. 某些與can’t, wn’t等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞，如mve, lck, shut, pen等。如： The stne can’t mve. The dr wn’t shut.☆某些及物動(dòng)詞和短語動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如cst, lack, fit, wn, wish, belng t等。如： The trip will cst yu $1,000. (√) Yu will be cst $1,000 by the trip. (×) Jhn Smith always lacks cnfidence. (√) Cnfidence is always lacked by Jhn Smith. (×)
☆含雙賓語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，兩個(gè)賓語均可作被 動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語。如果把主動(dòng)句中的直接賓語(指物)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語，則需在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~t或fr。 常接t的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive, tell, lend, shw, pass, hand等； 常接fr的動(dòng)詞有buy, get等。如： Smebdy gave Gina a present yesterday. →Gina was given a present yesterday. →A present was given t Gina yesterday.
Nw lk fr mre sentences with the passive vice in the reading passage and talk abut why it is used.
After finishing it, I feel I have been given a deeper insight int the wrld and can see things frm a different pint f view.
Reading this bk made me feel as if I'd been wken up frm a lng sleep and finally pened my eyes t the wrld!
…Tuesdays with Mrrie is just made up f a cllectin f ver-emtinal thughts and messages, many f which are repeated.
The bk made me stp and think abut hw much I am influenced by ppular culture...
..., knwing that yu are lved and have lved thers as much as yu culd.
用所給詞的正確形式填空。The Xi’an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China’s lng histry. It ___________ (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修復(fù)). Mary’s niece wrte, “The little hme ____________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary lved it…”
was painted
1. Jhn ___________ (elect) president f the class.2. Smking _______________ (nt allw) in public places in China.3. Oh, my gd! Our huse _______________ (break) int last night. Lk at the ftprints n the flr.4. They can g hme as sn as the hmewrk _____________ (finish).5. The reasn why I haven’t mved int the new flat is that it _________________ (repair).
was elected
isn’t allwed
is finished
is being repaired
Rewrite the paragraph using the passive vice where apprpriate.
The subject is unimprtant and can be mitted.
The subject is “peple in general” and can be mitted.
The fcus f the sentences is n the recipient f the actin, nt n the subject f the sentence.
The subject ges with lengthy expressins.
Since ancient times, strytelling has been a way t share and pass n wisdm. One imprtant early wrk that did s was Aesp's Fables, a cllectin f stries that is credited t Aesp , a Greek stryteller. It is believed that Aesp lived in Ancient Greece between 620 BC and 564 BC. Mst f the characters in his stries are animals, the qualities f which were used t reflect human traits and wisdm by Aesp. Each fable teaches a life lessn that is summarised in a shrt phrase at the end f the stry, called a mral. Tday, Aesp's Fables is still enjyed by children and adults all arund the wrld.
Lk at the pictures and write the stry frm Aesp's Fables. Use the passive vice where apprpriate.
A little muse was caught by a lin.
The muse was let t g.
The lin was trapped by a net.
The lin was saved by the muse.
One day a little muse was caught by a lin. The lin wanted t eat the muse, but the muse said that he wuld help the lin smeday, if he was let t g. The lin thught, “Hw can a great animal be helped by a little animal?” But the muse was allwed t leave. Several days later, the lin was caught by a hunter’s net. The muse bit the net with his strng teeth and helped the lin ut. Thanks t the little muse, the lin was saved and finally admitted that the strng culd smetimes be helped by the weak.
Prverbs abut life
What is a prverb?A prverb is a shrt, pithy saying that expresses a traditinally held truth r piece f advice, based n cmmn sense r experience.
Meaning: Actins are a better reflectin f ne’s character because it’s easy t say things, but difficult t act n them and fllw thrugh.Example: Julie always says she’ll dnate t the schl, and she never des, s I dubt whether she will this year. Actins speak luder than wrds, after all.
What prverbs d yu knw?Which ne is yur favrite?
Befre-listening
1. An apple a day keeps the dctr awaySince apples are rich in vitamin C – which is vital t ur health – this prverb means that prper nutritin cntributes t gd health and fewer visits t the dctr. In this prverb, apples are a symbl f healthy fds and prper nutritin.Example: Switch frm chips t apples fr yur snack. An apple a day keeps the dctr away.2. Hnesty is the best plicyIt is best t always be hnest and tell the truth. By ding s, yu will win the trust and respect f thers.Example: I think yu shuld just explain what happened, rather than trying t cver yur tracks. Hnesty is the best plicy, after all.3. Dn’t judge a bk by its cverDn’t frm an pinin r make a judgment abut smene r smething based n its utward appearance.Example: He seems a bit jerk t me, but, hey, yu never knw. He may be gd. Yu shuldn’t judge a bk by its cver.
Listen and cmplete the cnversatins.
A: Prfessr Brwn, here’s my term paper. Srry fr the delay.B: That’s OK. ___________________, right?
Better late than never
A: Maths is really killing me! I’m thinking f giving it up.B: _______________. Yu’ll never get yur dream jb as a market analyst if yu dn’t stick t it.
N pain, n gain
A: If yu want t lse weight, yu need t stp eating junk fd, and yu need t start exercising.B: OK. I’ll start tmrrw... maybe.A: Tday. Nt tmrrw. _____________________________________________
Never put ff until tmrrw what yu can d tday.
A: I’m glad yu finally gt here.B: My car had a flat tyre n the way. Anyway, ____________________.
all’s well that ends well
A: With my brther’s help, I finally cmpleted my bilgy prject!B: Cngratulatins! __________________________.
Tw heads are better than ne
A: I heard that Mary is ging t invest all her mney in this prgramme.B: That’s nt wise. As peple usually say, “__________________________________”. I’ll talk t her as sn as pssible.
Dn’t put all f yur eggs in ne basket
Match the abve prverbs t their meanings.
1 _________________________________: yu must face challenges in rder t be successful
N pain, n gain.
2 _______________________________: it is easier t achieve smething if yu cperate with smene else
Tw heads are better than ne.
3 _____________________________________: ding smething late is better than nt ding it at all
Better late than never.
4 _____________________________________________: yu shuld start things earlier rather than later
5 ___________________________________: d nt put all yur effrts r resurces int ding ne thing
Dn’t put all f yur eggs in ne basket.
6 _________________________________: prblems dn’t matter if the final result is gd
All’s well that ends well.
Think f ther prverbs abut life. Can yu find Chinese prverbs with similar meanings?
It is never t ld t learn.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
I suffered a strange disease. N dctrs culd tell me exactly what it was and hw they culd cure it. I stayed in the hspital and felt there was n hpe in my life. At this time, my friend Jack came. He stayed with me thrughut the time I was helpless.A friend in need is a friend indeed!
Think f ther situatins t which these prverbs can be applied.
Rme was nt built in a day.A slw sparrw shuld make an early start.A bird is knwn by its nte, and a man by his talk.Practice makes perfect.A match will set fire t a large building.Facts speak luder than wrds.
In mst cuntries, the average age fr starting university is 18 years ld, but actually there is n upper age limit fr starting a university degree. Recently, there has been an increase in the number f mature students ging t university, after wrking fr a few r many years. The ldest persn t get a Cambridge MA received his law degree at the age f 102. In China, a man frm Jiangsu Prvince graduated frm university at the age f 88, making him the ldest university graduate in the cuntry.
Listen t an interview abut hw an ld lady achieved her dream.
First, listen and get the main idea. Find ut wh and what she did.Secnd, listen again and find ut mre details. Read the given infrmatin and cmplete the missing part while listening.
Listen t the interview and chse the best headline.
1 University Fees Are N Barrier t Grandma!
2 Dream Cmes True fr Graduating Grandma
3 Janet Says: “Family first! That’s what matters!”
4 Hw the Student Experience Has Changed with the Centuries
Listen again and cmplete the ntes.
Interview with Janet RseAge: _______First attended university in: ________Reasn fr leaving university:___________________________________________________Reasns fr ging back t university:______________________________________________________________________________________________________
She tk care f her ill mther and helped her father.
Her daughter suggested she g back t schl five years ag and she jumped at the chance.
There is nthing unusual abut that except that Janet is an 81-year-ld grandmther.
I started university back in 1955, but in my first year my mther fell very ill... S I went hme t Texas t take care f her t help my father.
But then five years ag my daughter Candy suggested I g back t schl and I jumped at the chance.
Initial feelings n returning t university:______________________________________________University majr: __________________________Feelings n graduatin: _________________________Advice t thers: _______________________________Future plans: __________________________________
She felt a bit nervus at first and she felt s ld.
American literature
She feels great.
Yu’re never t ld t learn.
Starting a master’s degree in the fall
I felt a bit nervus at first... I was surrunded by all these smart yung peple with their electrnic gadgets, and I felt s ld.
S yu have just graduated with a degree in American Literature.
It feels great. I’m trying t live my life t the full.
I suggest that if yu are thinking f ging back t schl, d it. remember, yu’re never t ld t learn.
I’m starting a master’s degree in the fall.
Interviewer: Last week Janet Rse graduated frm Suth Omaha University with a degree in American literature. There is nthing unusual abut that except that Janet is an 81-year-ld grandmther. Yesterday we caught up with Janet and asked her t tell us her stry. Gd mrning, Janet. Why did yu wait s lng t get a degree?Janet: Ha ha! That’s a gd questin and ne that nearly everyne asks me. Well, let me see. I started university back in 1955, but in my first year my mther fell very ill and she culdn’t help my father run the family business any mre.
S I went hme t Texas t take care f her and t help my father. After that I never really thught abut ging back t study.Interviewer: Why nt? And what changed yur mind?Janet: I thught it was t late. But then five years ag my daughter Candy suggested I g back t schl and I jumped at the chance.Interviewer: Hw did yu feel ging back t university after all these years?
t eagerly take the chance
Janet: I felt a bit nervus at first. I mean, I was surrunded by all these smart yung peple with their electrnic gadgets, and I felt s ld. But the students and teachers were kind t me and I sn gt used t the classes. They even let me jin sme f their activities, and I became gd friends with sme f them. I sn gt used t studying, using nline resurces as well as reading bks and articles. It was hard wrk, but fun.Interviewer: S, yu have just graduated with a degree in American literature. Hw des It feel?Janet: It feels great. I am trying t live my life t the full. I dn’t want t sit arund at hme all day watching daytime TV.
Interviewer: That’s fantastic t hear. Janet, d yu have any advice fr ther senir citizens cnsidering ging back t university?Janet: I suggest that if yu are thinking f ging back t schl, d it. Yu’ll find that studying again pens up a new wrld f pprtunity t yu. And remember, yu’re never t ld t learn.Interviewer: Thank yu fr yur time, Janet. Finally, what are yur plans nw?Janet: Oh, didn’t I say? I'm starting a master’s degree in the fall.
I started ... back in that I then five years ag felt ... at first.I suggest that , ...
Cmplete the bxes with the expressins frm the interview.
I started ... back in...
After that I ...
But then five years ag...
I felt ... at first.
I suggest that...
Remember, ...

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