(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意
1．cigarette n． 香煙；紙煙
2．a(chǎn)dolescentn. 青少年
adj.[縱聯(lián)1] 青春期的
3．a(chǎn)dolescence n. 青春期
[縱聯(lián)2] 脾氣暴躁的；易怒的
5．pregnant adj. 懷孕的
6．packet n. 小包；小盒
7．comprehension n. 理解(力)
8．etc (et cetera) adv. 諸如此類(lèi)的事物；等等
9．a(chǎn)ppendix n. 附錄；附件
10．pill n. 藥丸；藥片
11．fluid n. 流體；液體
12．needle n. 針；(注射器的)針頭
13．a(chǎn)bortion n. 流產(chǎn)；中途失敗
14．cigar n. 雪茄煙
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫(xiě)其形
1．a(chǎn)buse n．&vt. 濫用；虐待
2．ban vt.
n. [縱聯(lián)3]
3．due adj. 欠款的；預(yù)定的；到期的
4．tough adj. 困難的；強(qiáng)硬的
5．quit_ vt. 停止(做某事)；離開(kāi)
6．effect n. 結(jié)果；效力；影響
7．withdrawal_ n. 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脫癮)過(guò)程
8．lung n. 肺
9．a(chǎn)bnormal adj. 畸形的；異常的
10．desperate adj. 絕望的；拼命的
11．male_ adj. 男性的；雄性的
n. 男人；雄性動(dòng)(植)物
12．female_ adj. 女性的；雌性的
n. 雌性的動(dòng)(植)物；女人
13．prejudice n. 偏見(jiàn)；成見(jiàn)
14．judgement n. 看法；判決；判斷
15．embarrassed_ adj. 尷尬的；陷入困境的
16．a(chǎn)wkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變
1．stress n．壓力；重音vt.加壓力于；使緊張→stressful adj.產(chǎn)生壓力的；緊張的→stressed adj.焦慮不安的
2．a(chǎn)ddicted adj.入了迷的；上了癮的→addictive adj.使人上癮的→addiction n．上癮；沉溺；嗜好→addict vt.使上癮 n．有癮的人
3．breathless adj.氣喘吁吁的；屏息的→breath n．呼吸→breathe v．呼吸
4．a(chǎn)ccustom vt.使習(xí)慣于→accustomed adj.慣常的；習(xí)慣了的
5．a(chǎn)utomatic adj.無(wú)意識(shí)的；自動(dòng)的→automatically adv.無(wú)意識(shí)地；自動(dòng)地
6．mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上
7．unfit adj.不健康的；不合適的；不合格的→fit adj.健康的；合適的→fitness n．健康[縱聯(lián)4]
8．strengthen vt.加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅(jiān)強(qiáng) vi.變強(qiáng)→strength n．力氣；力量；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)→strong adj.強(qiáng)壯的；結(jié)實(shí)的
9．chemist n．藥劑師；化學(xué)家→chemical adj.化學(xué)的 n．化學(xué)制品→chemistry n．化學(xué)
10．disappointed adj.失望的；沮喪的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望；使掃興→disappointment n．失望；沮喪
11．a(chǎn)shamed adj.感到慚愧或羞恥的→shame n．羞恥；羞愧→shameful adj.可恥的；不道德的→shameless adj.無(wú)恥的；厚顏的
12．weaken vi.(對(duì)某事的決心)動(dòng)搖；減弱 vt.(使)變?nèi)酢鷚eak adj.虛弱的→weakness n．弱點(diǎn)
13．illegal adj.不合法的；違法的→legal adj.合法的
14．survival n．幸存→survive v．幸存→survivor n．幸存者
15．a(chǎn)lcohol n．酒；酒精→alcoholic adj.酒精的

縱聯(lián)1.人生歷程
①嬰兒：baby
②小孩：kid/child
③青少年：youth/teenager/adolescent
④成人：adult
⑤中年人：a middle-aged person
⑥老年人：senior citizen/the elderly/the aged
縱聯(lián)2.性格多變，讓人難以捉摸
①bad-tempered 　　　　　 脾氣暴躁的；易怒的
②sweet-tempered 性情溫和的
③kind-hearted 好心的
④open-minded 虛心的
⑤easy-going 隨和的
⑥outgoing 外向的
⑦strong-willed 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的
⑧well-educated 受過(guò)良好教育的
⑨narrow-minded 心胸狹窄的
縱聯(lián)3.“禁止與允許”家族
①禁止：ban, forbid, prohibit
②允許：allow, permit, let
縱聯(lián)4.否定前綴un-高頻形容詞一覽
①u(mài)nfit不合適的　　　　　 ②unfair不公平的
③unusual不尋常的 ④unfriendly不友好的
⑤unfortunate不幸的 ⑥uncomfortable不舒服的
⑦unimportant不重要的 ⑧uncertain不確定的



單元話(huà)題——健康生活
子話(huà)題1　疾病與殘疾
①disease/illness/sickness n． ?。患膊?br /> ②stroke n．中風(fēng) ③depression n．抑郁癥
④heart attack心臟病 ⑤dizziness n．頭暈
⑥disabled adj.殘疾的 ⑦blind adj.瞎的
⑧infective adj. 有傳染性的
子話(huà)題2　病因
①bacterium n．細(xì)菌 ②virus n．病毒
③unhealthy adj.不健康的 ④poisonous adj.有毒的；致命的
⑤break down(身體)垮掉 ⑥be infected with傳染上
子話(huà)題3　藥物與救護(hù)
①drug n. 藥；藥物 ②capsule n. (藥)膠囊
③herb n．草藥 ④tablet n．藥片
⑤prescription n．處方 ⑥ward n．病房
⑦free medical service　　　 　 公費(fèi)醫(yī)療
⑧be under medical treatment 在治療中
⑨relieve the pain 減輕痛苦
⑩operate on sb. 給某人動(dòng)手術(shù)
[學(xué)考對(duì)接·活學(xué)活用]
高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用
1．(2014·浙江高考閱讀C)Research has shown that natural environments can restore (恢復(fù)) our mental? capacities. In Japan, patients are encouraged to “forest-bathe”， taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure.
These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. Rachel Kaplan, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researching the restorative __?__ (effect) of natural environments. Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office — even simple views of trees and flowers — felt their jobs were less __?__ (stress) and more satisfying.
①寫(xiě)出mental在句中的含義：精神的；“身心健康”表達(dá)為physical_and_mental_health
②用effect的適當(dāng)形式填空：effects
③用stress的適當(dāng)形式填空：stressful
2．(2011·湖南高考閱讀B)He was judged unfit? to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a __?__ (weaken) heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes.Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.
①選出加彩詞在句中的含義：__B__
A．不健康的　　　　B．不合適的
②用weaken的適當(dāng)形式填空：weak，此處表示“心臟衰竭”
高考采擷(二)　寫(xiě)作中的詞匯應(yīng)用
(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及提示詞補(bǔ)全句子)
1．(2018·天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我們急切需要你的幫助，因此作為領(lǐng)隊(duì)，我真誠(chéng)地邀請(qǐng)你加入。(desperate)
We are_desperately_in_need_of_your_help. So as the group leader, I sincerely invite you to join us.
2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，你能從剪紙中獲得許多樂(lè)趣。(stress)
What_I_want_to_stress_is_that you can have a lot of fun.
(二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑
1．stress n．重壓；逼迫；壓力；重音；強(qiáng)調(diào)重要性vt.加壓力于；使緊張；重讀；強(qiáng)調(diào)
[記牢]
(1)under stress　　　　　　　 在壓力之下
lay/put stress on sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)某事物的重要性
(2)stress the importance of 強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性
(3)stressful adj. 有壓力的(指物)
stressed adj. 有壓力的(指人)
[練通]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①When under stress, even a most gentle person can be bad-tempered and get angry easily.
②Cooperation or teamwork, the importance of which is_stressed (stress), plays an important part in football matches.
③It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful (stress) society.
④Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies.
一句多譯
他強(qiáng)調(diào)了接受良好教育的重要性。
⑤He_stressed_the_importance_of_a_good_education. (stress v．)
⑥He_laid/put_stress_on_a_good_education. (stress n．)
[寫(xiě)美]　翻譯句子
⑦(2018·天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是我們小組目前正在招納新隊(duì)員。
What_I_want_to_stress_is_that_our_group_is_looking_for_new_members_right_now._
2．due adj.欠款的；預(yù)定的；到期的；應(yīng)付的；應(yīng)有的
[辨清]　寫(xiě)出下列句中due的含義
①The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.欠款的
②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week.預(yù)定的
③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.到期的
④When it comes to giving due respect to the old people, she feels a bit uneasy.應(yīng)有的
[記牢]
due to　　　　　　　　　　 由于；因?yàn)?；歸因于
be due to do sth. 預(yù)定做某事
be due to sb. 應(yīng)付給/給予某人
be due for sth. 應(yīng)用某物；應(yīng)得到某物
[練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空
⑤A great deal of money is due_to you; please give me your bank account.
⑥It is said that the spaceship is due to_arrive (arrive) three days later.
[寫(xiě)美]　補(bǔ)全句子
⑦由于疏忽大意造成的錯(cuò)誤可能帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的后果。
Mistakes due_to_carelessness may have serious consequences.
3．a(chǎn)ddicted adj.入了迷的；上了癮的
[記牢]
(1)be/get addicted to (doing) sth.　　 沉溺于(做)某事
(2)addict oneself to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事
(3)addiction n. 上癮；沉溺；嗜好
addiction to ……癮
(4)addictive adj. 使人上癮的
[練通]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①M(fèi)any kids are addicted to surfing (surf) the Net, so they have lost interest in study.
②Many kids addict themselves to surfing the Net, so they have lost interest in study.
③I discovered an addiction (addict) to housework which I had never felt before.
句型轉(zhuǎn)換(把練習(xí)①②改成分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
④Addicted_to_surfing_the_Net,_many_kids_have_lost_interest_in_study.
⑤Addicting_themselves_to_surfing_the_Net,_many_kids_have_lost_interest_in_study.
[用準(zhǔn)]　“addict; addicted; addiction”等在表示“沉迷于/熱衷于……”時(shí)，都和介詞to連用。
[寫(xiě)美]　補(bǔ)全句子
⑥(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))得知你沉迷于乒乓球，我寫(xiě)信真誠(chéng)地邀請(qǐng)你加入我們學(xué)校的乒乓球隊(duì)。
Learning that you_are_addicted_to_table_tennis,_I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.
4．a(chǎn)ccustomed adj.經(jīng)常的；慣常的；習(xí)慣了的
[記牢]
(1)be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
＝be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事
(2)accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己習(xí)慣于(做)某事
[練通]
同義替換
①I(mǎi) am used (＝accustomed) to getting up early and taking an hour's walk before breakfast.
單句語(yǔ)法填空
②Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
③Accustoming himself to living (live) in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.
[寫(xiě)美]　翻譯句子
④他很快適應(yīng)了大學(xué)里的濃厚的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍(strong academic atmosphere)和豐富多彩的活動(dòng)。
He_quickly_got_accustomed/accustomed_himself_to_the_strong_academic_atmosphere_and_colorful_activities_in_the_college.
5．effect n．結(jié)果；效力；影響
[記牢]
(1)side effect　　　　　　　　　　 副作用
come into/take effect 生效；見(jiàn)效
have an effect on/upon 對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響
bring/carry/put ... into effect 實(shí)施；使……生效/ 起作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影響的
[練通]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on/upon the children.
②It won't be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare no effort to do it.
③One of the most effective (effect) ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
補(bǔ)全句子
④The agreement signed between the two companies last week will_come_into/take_effect soon.
兩家公司在上周簽訂的這份協(xié)議將很快生效。
[寫(xiě)美]　補(bǔ)全句子
⑤(2018·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我介紹了制茶的歷史，這對(duì)幫助他們更好地理解我們的飲茶文化有很大的影響。
I introduced the history of tea-making, which_has_a_great_effect_on_them_to_help better understand our tea-drinking culture.
6．a(chǎn)shamed adj.感到慚愧或羞恥的
[記牢]
(1)be/feel ashamed of ...　　　 對(duì)……感到慚愧/羞恥
be ashamed to do sth. 恥于做某事
(2)shame n. 慚愧；羞恥；羞愧
it's a shame/pity＝what a shame/pity　 真可惜
It's a shame/pity that ... 真遺憾……
(3)shameful adj. 可恥的；不道德的
[練通]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The parents felt ashamed of their son when he was dismissed by the boss.
②It is shameful (shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
③It's a shame that a good student should do something like that.
一句多譯
在課堂上，學(xué)生們不應(yīng)該恥于向老師問(wèn)問(wèn)題。
④In class, students should not be_ashamed_of_asking_the_teacher_questions.
⑤In class, students should not be_ashamed_to_ask_the_teacher_questions.
[寫(xiě)美]　補(bǔ)全句子
⑥讀了上面如此多的媽媽們的抱怨，我感到羞愧和內(nèi)疚。
Having read about the above common complaint from so many mothers, I feel ashamed and guilty.
[詞匯過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)
1．Having abused (濫用) his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends, he is now under investigation.
2．The project is due (到期的) next month, and I am working seven days a week, often long into the night.
3．Typically, the preferred sleep cycle is delayed in adolescents(青少年), which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings.
4．The virus (病毒) has infected the operating system of his computer.
5．With the debt problem worsening, it is going to be a tough (艱難的) test for EU to help the country out of trouble.
6．The woman tried desperately (拼命地)to push the man away when he tried to snatch the bag from her.
7．The shy girl felt awkward (局促不安的) and uncomfortable when she could not answer her teacher's questions.
8．This is a hospital for those people who suffer mental (精神的) diseases.
Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．Being_addicted (addict) to computer games can be harmful to you in many ways.
2．A regular and busy life is wonderful, although it's hard and stressful (stress)．
3．It's reported that passengers are banned from eating and drinking on subway trains.
4．Professor Smith is due to_give (give) us a lecture at eight tomorrow morning.
5．After living there for one year, they have been accustomed to working (work) there.
6．I was once ashamed to_admit (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
7．Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective (effect) ways to improve our English.
8．I was disappointed to_see (see) what had happened.
9．Doing some exercise earlier in the day should make you feel physically as well as mentally (mental) tired.
10．Just quit complaining (complain). What matters now is how to get rid of such an embarrassing situation.
Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)
1．Fathers have an enormous effect to their children's personalities and chances of marital happiness.to→on
2．The exercises are designed to strength your stomach muscles.strength→strengthen
3．I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out of a building.disappointing→disappointed
4．If a person is in the desert and has no water with him, he will get desperately. desperately→desperate
5．After seeing your ad, I think your six-week English course is very fit to me. to→for
6．When he was abroad, he began to take drugs and became addicting to drugs.addicting→addicted
7．Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those toughly times.toughly→tough
8．Accustomed to get up early, it was not difficult for him to adjust to the new schedule.get→getting
Ⅳ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子
1．英語(yǔ)老師強(qiáng)調(diào)了學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的重要性。(stress)
The English teacher stressed_the_importance_of_learning_English_well.
2．在這些地方禁止停車(chē)。(ban)
People are_banned_from_parking in these places.
3．布萊克先生由于身體不佳而退出政治(生涯)。(due)
Mr Black dropped out of politics due_to_poor_health.
4．他醉心于拉小提琴，沒(méi)有注意到小偷進(jìn)屋。(addicted)
Addicted_to_playing_the_violin,_he didn't notice a thief walk into his house.
5．我習(xí)慣了早起進(jìn)行晨練。(accustomed)
I am_accustomed_to_getting_up_early_for exercise.

(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)

1．due_to　 [串記1]　　　　　　 由于……；因?yàn)?br /> 2．a(chǎn)ddicted_to 對(duì)……有癮
3．a(chǎn)ccustomed_to 習(xí)慣于……
4．decide_on 對(duì)……作出決定
5．feel_like_(doing) 想要(做)……
6．in_spite_of 不顧；不管；盡管
7．take_risks_(a_risk) 冒險(xiǎn)
8．get_into　[串記2] 陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣)
9．a(chǎn)t_risk　 [串記3] 處境危險(xiǎn)；遭受危險(xiǎn)
10．out_of_breath 上氣不接下氣
[同根短語(yǔ)串記](méi)
串記1.“因?yàn)椋挥捎凇倍陶Z(yǔ)薈萃
①due to由于……；因?yàn)椤?②thanks to多虧；由于
③because of由于；因?yàn)? ④on account of由于
⑤owing to由于；因?yàn)? ⑥as a result of由于……的結(jié)果
串記2.get into 相關(guān)短語(yǔ)面面觀(guān)
①get into debt 　　　　　　　負(fù)債累累
②get into trouble 陷入困境
③get into shape 使身體好起來(lái)
串記3.“at＋名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)串燒
①at risk處境危險(xiǎn)；遭受危險(xiǎn) ②at length最后
③at cost按成本 ④at present目前；現(xiàn)在
⑤at ease安逸；自在 ⑥at sea在海上；茫然

1．the flu virus_ 流感病毒
2．immune_system_ 免疫系統(tǒng)
3．chances of survival 生存幾率
4．become infected 受感染
5．in two weeks' time 再過(guò)兩個(gè)禮拜
6．do damage to 對(duì)……造成傷害/損傷
7．feel_bad-tempered 感到煩躁
8．on_the Internet 在網(wǎng)上

1．As_you_know,_if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
正如你所知道的，如果你反反復(fù)復(fù)地做同一件事，你就會(huì)開(kāi)始自動(dòng)地做它。
2．When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it_was_time_to quit smoking.
當(dāng)我因?yàn)樯眢w不健康而被學(xué)校足球隊(duì)除名時(shí)，我知道該是戒煙的時(shí)候了。
3．I do_hope so because I want you to live as_long_and_healthy_a_life_as I have.
我的確希望如此，因?yàn)槲蚁胱屇隳芟裎乙粯踊畹媒】甸L(zhǎng)壽。
4．... but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so_much_that your body can no longer fight disease.
……但是最終艾滋病病毒會(huì)使你的免疫系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)重受損，以致你的身體不能再抵抗疾病。
5．Do not share anything else that a person has used while_injecting_drugs.
在注射藥物時(shí)，不要使用別人用過(guò)的其他任何東西。
[學(xué)考對(duì)接·活學(xué)活用]
高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的短語(yǔ)
補(bǔ)全句子
1．(2015·安徽高考完形填空)Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem. We are_addicted_to_buying_new_things (對(duì)買(mǎi)新東西上癮)．
2．(2013·天津高考完形填空)Dad is also a living example of real love. From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to support our family. He always puts our happiness before his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games in_spite_of_ (不管) his exhaustion after long days.
用本單元短語(yǔ)升級(jí)句中加彩的詞匯
3．(2009·安徽高考閱讀B)Because of the contribution of oxen in their lives, the Chinese people are very grateful to the animal. Due_to
4．(2009·四川高考閱讀B)At first we tried to push on through.We didn't want to move the children out of home, so we camped upstairs.feel_like_moving
5．(2013·安徽高考閱讀B)Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. at_risk
高考采擷(二)　寫(xiě)作中的句式(補(bǔ)全句子)
1．(2017·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))正如我們知道的，長(zhǎng)江是亞洲最長(zhǎng)河流，擁有許多景點(diǎn)。(as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
As_we_know,_the Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and has many attractions.
2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))我的確希望你能和我一起參觀(guān)這個(gè)剪紙展覽。(do＋動(dòng)詞原形)
I_do_hope that you can visit the paper-cutting exhibition with me.
3．(2015·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))他做的面人是如此漂亮，以至于我們迫不及待地想親自試一試。(so ...that ...)
The dough figurine he made was_so_beautiful_that_we couldn't wait to have a try ourselves.
4．(2013·遼寧高考書(shū)面表達(dá))人們可以一邊吃月餅一邊賞月，月餅是這個(gè)節(jié)日的特殊食品。(狀語(yǔ)從句的省略)
People can enjoy the full moon while_eating_mooncakes,_which are the special food for this festival.
(二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑
[短語(yǔ)集釋]
1．take risks (a risk)冒險(xiǎn)
[記牢]
(1)at risk　　　　　　　　　　 遭受危險(xiǎn)；處境危險(xiǎn)
at the risk of ... 冒著……的危險(xiǎn)
run the risk (of doing sth.) 冒險(xiǎn)(做某事)
put ...at risk 讓……處于危險(xiǎn)之中
(2)risk doing sth. 冒險(xiǎn)做某事；冒……的危險(xiǎn)
[練通]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He was determined to get there even at the risk of his life.
②The national parks are very important for the protection of these wild animals, which would otherwise run the risk of becoming extinct.
③He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.
補(bǔ)全句子
④We do not expect untrained people to take_risks/a_risk.
我們不希望未經(jīng)訓(xùn)練的人去冒險(xiǎn)。
[寫(xiě)美]　翻譯句子
⑤(2015·江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))交通問(wèn)題不僅影響我們的日常生活，而且還使人們的生命處于危險(xiǎn)之中。
Not_only_does_the_traffic_issue_affect_our_daily_life,_but_it_also_puts_people's_lives_at_risk.
2．get into陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣)
[記牢]
get into the habit of　　 養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣
get across (使)通過(guò)；(使)被理解；(把……) 講清楚
get away 逃脫；離開(kāi)
get over 爬過(guò)；越過(guò)；克服(困難)；痊愈
get through 熬過(guò)(困難時(shí)期)；通過(guò)；接通電話(huà)
get along with 進(jìn)展；相處
get down to 開(kāi)始做某事
[練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I(mǎi)'m sorry to hear that you have got into the habit of smoking.
②A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
③Looking back on my past few years, friends gave me so much help that I could get over difficulties which I had to face with.
④After Christmas I'm going to get down to some serious job-hunting.
[寫(xiě)美]　補(bǔ)全句子
⑤(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))我已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了打籃球的習(xí)慣，因?yàn)樗恢苯o我力量來(lái)面對(duì)生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。
I have_got_into_the_habit_of_playing_basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.
[句式集釋]
[教材原句]　I do_hope_so because I want you to live_as_long_and_healthy_a_life_as I have.
1．“do＋動(dòng)詞原形”的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
[悟拓展例句]
(1)The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then she does_catch_a_cold.
那孩子的健康狀況尚好，但就是偶爾患感冒。
(2)—I'm sorry. I shouldn't have been rude to you.
—You did_lose_your_temper but that's all right.
——很抱歉，我不該對(duì)你粗魯?shù)摹?br /> ——你確實(shí)發(fā)脾氣了，但沒(méi)關(guān)系。
[析用法規(guī)則]
用法歸納
“do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，意為“確實(shí)；的確”，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣，但須符合以下兩個(gè)條件：(1)句子是肯定句；(2)句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
注意事項(xiàng)
在“do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形”中，動(dòng)詞原形常常被誤用成其他形式，需要特別注意。
[背寫(xiě)作佳句]
(1)I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt the proverb to serve as a reminder.(要點(diǎn)句)
(2)(2015·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.(總結(jié)句)
2．“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋as ...”結(jié)構(gòu)
[悟拓展例句]
(1)Our neighbour has as_big_a_garden_as ours.
我們的鄰居有一個(gè)和我們一樣大的花園。
(2)You've made as_many_mistakes_as I have.
你和我犯了一樣多的錯(cuò)誤。
(3)I can carry_as_much_paper_as you can.
我能和你搬動(dòng)一樣多的紙。
(4)In many sports physical fitness is not as_important_as technique.
在許多體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中，體能沒(méi)有技巧重要。
[析用法規(guī)則]
用法歸納
(1)as＋adj.＋a(n)＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋as ...
(2)as many＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋as ...
(3)as much＋不可數(shù)名詞＋as ...
(4)as＋adj./adv.＋as ...
注意事項(xiàng)
否定句中“as ...as ...”結(jié)構(gòu)中第一個(gè)as也可換成so。
[背寫(xiě)作佳句]
(1)(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))Playing ping-pong is as popular an activity as playing football in our campus. (要點(diǎn)句)
(2)The newly-built school has as big a plastic track as yours.(要點(diǎn)句)
[詞塊、句式過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.選詞填空
decide on， get into， be addicted to， be accustomed to， feel like， in spite of， at risk， due to
1．If you take the risk of drunk driving, you are at_risk.
2．In_spite_of great efforts, we failed to carry out our plans through.
3．I am_accustomed_to listening to some soft music before bed.
4．Tom feels_like being a cook because he thinks cooking delicious food for others is interesting and happy.
5．Generally speaking, boys are_addicted_to playing computer games while girls prefer chatting online.
6．Due_to the fast rhythm of modern life, more and more people are living under great stress.
7．—How do you find Qingdao, Mary?
—It's a beautiful seaside city. I have decided_on it for my next holiday.
8．Mr. Bean constantly gets_into awkward and absurd situations, which greatly amuses audiences regardless of their nationalities and culture.
Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子
1．對(duì)不起，我的確忘了要告訴你會(huì)議的時(shí)間了。稍后我將把相關(guān)信息告訴你。(do＋動(dòng)詞原形)
Sorry! I did_forget_to_tell you about the time of the meeting.I'll tell you the information mentioned later.
2．這個(gè)小伙子希望和他爺爺一樣過(guò)儉樸的生活。[as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as]
The young man hopes to live as_simple_a_life_as his grandpa.
3．正如你們?cè)S多年齡足夠大的人記得的那樣，披頭士樂(lè)隊(duì)來(lái)自利物浦。(as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
The Beatles, as_many_of_you_are_old_enough_to_remember,_came from Liverpool.
4．是說(shuō)再見(jiàn)的時(shí)候了，是回憶我們一起度過(guò)的那些美好時(shí)光的時(shí)候了。(it's time to ...)
It's_time_to_say_goodbye. It's_time_to_recall those beautiful days we spent together.
Ⅲ.分步寫(xiě)作
假定你是李華，你的新西蘭朋友Terry發(fā)郵件向你詢(xún)問(wèn)有關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲?qū)⒆觽兊挠绊?。?qǐng)你回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1．現(xiàn)狀；　2.危害；　3.措施。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)
本文屬于應(yīng)用文中的電子郵件，時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，人稱(chēng)為第三人稱(chēng)。文章可分三個(gè)層次：開(kāi)頭應(yīng)點(diǎn)明寫(xiě)信的緣由(回復(fù)上次Terry在信中提出的問(wèn)題)；主體部分應(yīng)依據(jù)題目所給的三個(gè)要點(diǎn)(現(xiàn)狀、危害和措施)進(jìn)行構(gòu)思，題目沒(méi)有給出具體要求，考生可自由發(fā)揮，只要合情合理即可。如越來(lái)越多的孩子沉溺游戲，老師和家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該采取什么措施幫助他們等。結(jié)尾應(yīng)表達(dá)期待對(duì)方回復(fù)。
要點(diǎn)1：我寫(xiě)信對(duì)你上次在信中提出的問(wèn)題做一下略述。(rough sketch)
I_am_writing_to_give_you_the_rough_sketch_about_the_question_put_forward_in_your_last_letter.
要點(diǎn)2－①：越來(lái)越多的孩子們整天沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。
More_and_more_children_are_addicted_to_the_Internet_games_all_day.
要點(diǎn)2－②：他們不容易擺脫掉這個(gè)習(xí)慣。(quit)
They_won't_quit_the_habit_easily.
要點(diǎn)2－③：老師和家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。
The_teachers_and_parents_should_stress_the_importance_of_study.
要點(diǎn)2－④：老師和家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)該禁止他們玩這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。(ban ... from)
The_teachers_and_parents_should_ban_them_from_playing_such_Internet_games.
要點(diǎn)3：我期待你的盡早回信。
I'm_looking_forward_to_your_earliest_reply.
第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿(mǎn)，表達(dá)更亮眼
為了使內(nèi)容充實(shí)，我們需要對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行適度拓展或用高級(jí)表達(dá)升級(jí)句式，使表達(dá)更亮眼。如對(duì)要點(diǎn)2－①添加定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明對(duì)孩子們的影響；要點(diǎn)2－②添加條件狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)說(shuō)明危害的具體表現(xiàn)(不能適應(yīng)日常生活等)；將要點(diǎn)2－③升級(jí)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)；將要點(diǎn)2－④升級(jí)為“It is reasonable to do sth.”表達(dá)。
拓展要點(diǎn)2－①：越來(lái)越多的孩子整天沉溺于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，這對(duì)他們將有不好的影響。(定語(yǔ)從句)
More_and_more_children_are_addicted_to_the_Internet_games_all_day,_which_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_them.
拓展要點(diǎn)2－②：一旦他們養(yǎng)成這個(gè)習(xí)慣就不容易擺脫，這使他們不能適應(yīng)日常生活。(once, accustom oneself to，定語(yǔ)從句)
Once_they_form_the_habit,_they_won't_quit_it_easily,_which_can't_accustom_themselves_to_the_daily_life.
升級(jí)要點(diǎn)2－③：把該句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
The_importance_of_study_should_be_stressed_by_the_teachers_and_parents.
升級(jí)要點(diǎn)2－④：用句型“It is reasonable to do sth.”來(lái)改寫(xiě)。
It_is_reasonable_to_ban_them_from_playing_such_Internet_games.
第三步：連句成文，排語(yǔ)句順序，重銜接過(guò)渡
本文可采用三段式作文。在第二段中用surprisingly引出現(xiàn)狀；用in my opinion引出建議；用過(guò)渡詞furthermore引出另外一條建議。同時(shí)可對(duì)各個(gè)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)整合，使文章行文連貫，銜接順暢。
Dear_Terry，
I_am_writing_to_give_you_the_rough_sketch_about_the_question_put_forward_in_your_last_letter.
Surprisingly,_more_and_more_children_are_addicted_to_the_Internet_games_all_day,_which_will_have_a_bad_effect_on_them.Once_they_form_the_habit,_they_won't_quit_it_easily,_which_can't_accustom_themselves_to_the_daily_life.In_my_opinion,_the_importance_of_study_should_be_stressed_by_the_teachers_and_parents;_furthermore,_it_is_reasonable_to_ban_them_from_playing_such_Internet_games.
I_am_looking_forward_to_your_earliest_reply.
Yours，
Li_Hua

理清句間結(jié)構(gòu)之(五)　轉(zhuǎn)折
句間的轉(zhuǎn)折處也是體現(xiàn)作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)和文章主題的地方，作者經(jīng)常通過(guò)先抑后揚(yáng)的方法在轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后才明確提出自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。轉(zhuǎn)折詞前后的意思一般來(lái)說(shuō)都是相反的，而作者會(huì)偏重其中的某一方。因此，在閱讀過(guò)程中看到轉(zhuǎn)折詞，考生最好能作上標(biāo)記以方便做題時(shí)查找。一些明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折詞包括but, however, on the contrary, yet (句首), still (句首), as a matter of fact, in fact, instead, nevertheless, while等。
[高考典例1]　2013·湖北卷·完形填空
The house came 45(alive) the next few days.Zigfried 46(enjoyed) every single hour of them. __47__， the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a 48(satisfied) smile at the door of his home, he heard the 49(discussion) of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas. What? A cat? The 50(smile) froze on his face ...
47．A.However　　　　　　　　 B．Instead
C．Moreover D．Therefore
[分析]　從47空前后文的關(guān)系來(lái)看，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用however。
[高考典例2]　2014·山東卷·完形填空
But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had34(applied_for) a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was__35__.
35．A.punished B．refused
C．blamed D．fired
[分析]　由轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知她曾申請(qǐng)行醫(yī)執(zhí)照，但是被拒絕了。故選B項(xiàng)。
[高考典例3]　2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·閱讀七選五
You didn't lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. __40__ Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A．Learn to really trust yourself.
B．It is putting confidence in someone.
C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.
F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.
[分析]　空格的上文指出要看到生活中積極的一面。下文中的Instead一詞說(shuō)明空格和下文存在著行文逆轉(zhuǎn)，即轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。分析七個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有G項(xiàng)(看到事情的積極方面并不意味著你對(duì)發(fā)生的事情視而不見(jiàn))合適。
[高考典例4]　2013·浙江卷·B篇
Which works harder, your heart or your brain?
That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising.Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker.But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Q：Which of the following statements about our brain is TRUE?
A．In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B．When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
[分析]　本題是在轉(zhuǎn)折處設(shè)題。本段的小標(biāo)題：心臟和大腦，誰(shuí)的工作強(qiáng)度大？對(duì)于此問(wèn)題的解釋是要看你是在思考還是在鍛煉。本段前面指出，在進(jìn)行體育鍛煉時(shí)，心臟的工作強(qiáng)度大。接著通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)折句(But, in the long run ...)指出從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，大腦的工作強(qiáng)度比心臟的工作強(qiáng)度大。故選A。


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