2020高考英語新增分方案大一輪復(fù)習(xí)外研新課改省份專用講義：寫作第二講正確使用并列句與復(fù)合句-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

增分句型(一)　獨立又相依的并列句
并列句是用連詞把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接起來，這種簡單句常被叫做分句。并列句中的各個簡單句彼此獨立，互不依從，但它們表達的意思之間有一定的關(guān)系，通常用并列連詞連接起來。并列連詞之前可用逗號，也可不用逗號。它的基本模式是：簡單句＋并列連詞＋簡單句

(一)常見并列句的類型及并列連詞
類型
連詞
并列關(guān)系(遞進關(guān)系)
and, when, both ...and ..., not only ...but (also) ..., neither ...nor ...
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
but, yet, whereas, however
選擇關(guān)系
or, otherwise, or else, either ...or ..., not ...but ...
因果關(guān)系
because, as, for, so, therefore, thus, due to
對比關(guān)系
while
①Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while 48% of the boys favor sports stars.
一半的女孩選擇電影和電視明星作為她們的偶像，而48%的男孩更喜歡體育明星。
②(2018·北京高考書面表達)You may have trouble in adjusting yourself to the life in Beijing, so I suggest that you make full preparations in advance.你可能在適應(yīng)北京生活方面有困難，因此我建議你提前做好充分準備。
③(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)Not only will all kinds of paper-cutting works created by famous artists of this field be on show that day, but a lot of useful and interesting activities will be held as well.
那天不僅會有這一領(lǐng)域的著名藝術(shù)家所創(chuàng)作的各種剪紙作品展出，而且還會舉辦許多有用且有趣的活動。
④(2017·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)If you're interested in it, either you may send an email to 12345@sina.com or you can sign up in person.如果你感興趣，您可以發(fā)送電子郵件至12345@sina.com或親自報名。
⑤(2017·北京高考書面表達)Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect.
一些妥協(xié)是不可避免的，但視頻結(jié)果是完美的。
⑥(2016·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)I know you take good pictures and you've always wanted to do something for environmental protection.
我知道你拍照好，并且你總是想著為環(huán)境保護做些事情。
(二)使用并列句的注意事項
1．not only ...but also ...在連接兩個并列分句時，如果not only置于句首，not only所在的分句需用部分倒裝語序。
①(2018·浙江高考寫作)Firstly, not only can I speak fluent English, but also I have little difficulty communicating with foreigners.首先，我不僅能說一口流利的英語，而且和外國人交流也毫無困難。
②Not only do they offer us joy and excitement, but they also encourage us to think critically.他們不僅提供給了我們喜悅和興奮，還鼓勵我們批判性思考。
2．表示“雖然……但是……”這一轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系時，連接詞but不能與though/although連用。
雖然我當(dāng)時很累，但是我感到非常幸福。
①Although I was very tired then but I felt very happy.(×)
②Although I was very tired then, I felt very happy.(√)
③I was very tired then but I felt very happy.(√)
3．表示因果關(guān)系的連詞so不與because, as等表示原因的連詞連用。
因為他生病，所以他那天沒去上學(xué)。
①Because/As he was ill so he didn't go to school that day.(×)
②Because/As he was ill, he didn't go to school that day.(√)
③He was ill so he didn't go to school that day.(√)
[應(yīng)用體驗]　用適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞填空
①(2018·北京高考書面表達)First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
②(2018·天津高考書面表達)I know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it.
③(2017·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)I'm sure that it will interest you, for you have been enthusiastic about ping-pong.Therefore,_I'd like to invite you to join the team.
④(2015·陜西高考書面表達)First, my English is very good and I'm open-minded and warm-hearted, so I'm getting along well with everyone.
⑤Give me a chance and I will give you a wonderful surprise.
⑥The young man wanted to help the dog, but as he approached, the dog started to bark.
⑦Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?
⑧I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.
⑨Some choose to avoid them while others decide to deal with them.
⑩It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
補全句子
1．(2018·北京高考書面表達)雖然外國學(xué)生在我們學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)了很長時間，但他們不知道如何沏茶。
Though/Although_the_foreign_students_have_studied_in_our_school for a long time, they don't know how to make tea.
2．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)這次展覽不僅可以幫助你更好地了解中國民間藝術(shù)作品，而且也可以幫助你獲得一些剪紙技巧。
The exhibition can_not_only_help_you_have_a_better_understanding_of Chinese folk art works, but_can_also_help_you_acquire some paper-cutting skills.
3．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)別猶豫，如果你有什么問題就問我。
Don't_hesitate_and_ask_me if you have any questions.
4．(2017·江蘇高考書面表達)票價正在上漲。因此，電影業(yè)應(yīng)該做出更大的努力來吸引更多的觀眾。
The ticket price is on the increase. Therefore,_the_film_industry_should_make_greater efforts_to_attract more viewers.
5．雖然她是一位普通婦女但是確實值得尊敬。
She is an ordinary woman but_she_is_really_worth_respecting.
6．因此，從現(xiàn)在起，讓我們不要在一些不重要的事情上浪費時間，而要經(jīng)常與我們的父母進行推心置腹的談話。
So, from now on, let's not_waste_our_time_on_unimportant_things_but have a heart-to-heart chat with our parents once in a while.
7．上課時要認真聽老師講課，否則你聽不懂他在說什么。
Listen to the teacher carefully in class, or_you_can't_catch_what_he_is_saying.
8．她正走在大街上，這時她聽到有人叫她。
She was_walking_along_the_street_when she heard someone calling her.
增分句型(二)　吸引眼球的定語從句
定語從句的正確使用能夠比較明顯地反映出考生對于語言具有較高的掌握能力，所以建議考生一定要在寫作中至少使用一個恰到好處的定語從句。
(一)定語從句的類型
1．關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, that, which, as引導(dǎo)的定語從句是寫作的一大重點，尤其是which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在高考范文中更是屢見不鮮。
①(2018·北京高考書面表達)Last week, we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding.上周，我們帶領(lǐng)外國學(xué)生體驗了正宗的茶文化，結(jié)果證明非常值得。
②(2017·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)Secondly, you will make some good friends who are also interested in playing table tennis.第二，你會交到一些好朋友，他們也很喜歡打乒乓球。
③As you see, the Chinese people are hard-working.
你知道，中國人民是勤勞的。
2．關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句是指when, where, why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
①(2018·北京高考書面表達)Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture.
它的中國文學(xué)專業(yè)對你來說是適合的，在那兒你可以完全沉浸在中國深厚的歷史和豐富的文化中。
②(2014·安徽高考書面表達)I think the reason why you are always angry may be the high pressure of study.
我認為你總是發(fā)脾氣的原因可能是學(xué)習(xí)上的巨大壓力。
3．“介詞＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
(2017·北京高考書面表達)Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life.
搜集材料花了我們整整一周的時間，在此期間我們采訪了老師并拍攝了學(xué)校生活的各個方面。
(二)定語從句的寫法
定語從句是比較難掌握而又是考生在寫作中喜歡嘗試的復(fù)雜句，在寫作時可采用“三步法”：

[示例]
第一步：寫出兩個簡單句。
①The foreigner is from Canada.
②He visited our class yesterday.
第二步：在句①中找出一處要修飾的詞匯：the foreigner。
第三步：用句②充當(dāng)定語從句，the foreigner為先行詞指人，句②中的代詞he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主語，故用who或that作關(guān)系詞。
The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada.
[應(yīng)用體驗]　用定語從句將下列每組簡單句合并為一個復(fù)合句
①I have a friend.Her father is an engineer.
→I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.
②I will go on a trip to Sichuan.There are a great number of places of interest in Sichuan.
→I_will_go_on_a_trip_to_Sichuan,_where_there_are_a_great_number_of_places_of_interest.
③This is the best method.It can be used against pollution.
→This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.
④I've always longed for the days.I will be able to be independent then.
→I've_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.
⑤Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers.Two of them influenced me greatly.
→Through_the_course_of_my_schooling,_I_met_many_teachers,_two_of_whom_influenced_me_greatly.

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
用定語從句補全句子
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)我們都知道，《一起成長》這部優(yōu)秀的英文短片看起來很有趣。
As_we_all_know,_the outstanding English short film, Growing Together, is interesting to watch.
2．(2018·浙江高考寫作)我想申請這個職位的原因是我想提高我的英語口語水平，并且?guī)椭鈬袑W(xué)生更好地了解中國文化。
The_reason_why_I_want_to_apply_for_the_position_is_that I want to improve my spoken English and help foreign students have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
3．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)我們將學(xué)習(xí)唐朝時期寫的一些中國詩歌。
We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which_were_written_in_the_Tang_Dynasty.
4．(2016·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)六月的最后一個周日怎么樣？那時考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束，我們都有時間。
How about the last Sunday of June, when_the_examination_is_over_and_we_are_free?
5．(2016·四川高考書面表達)一年中有四季，每個季節(jié)都有顯著的特點。
There are four seasons in a year, each_of_which_has_distinctive_features.
6．(2015·陜西高考書面表達)作為一名外向的學(xué)生，我善于同其他人交流，這使我對這個職位感到自信。
As an outgoing student, I am good at communicating with others, which_makes_me_feel_confident_about_this_position.
增分句型(三)　富有文采的狀語從句
狀語從句主要包括時間、地點、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較和方式九類從句。
1．時間狀語從句
常用when (當(dāng)……時), as (當(dāng)……時), while (在……過程中), before (在……之前), after (在……之后), since (自從……以來), till/until (直到……), by the time (that)(到……時候), as soon as/the moment/no sooner ...than/hardly ...when (一……就……)等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：
①(2018·北京高考書面表達)I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it's my pleasure to show you around Beijing when that day comes.我真誠地希望你的夢想成真，到那時我會很高興帶你參觀北京。
②The moment (that) the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.老師一進來，學(xué)生們立即停止了談話。
2．地點狀語從句
常用where (在……地方), wherever (無論何地), anywhere (在任何地方), everywhere (到處)等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：
Make a mark where you have questions.
在有疑問的地方做個記號。
3．原因狀語從句
常用because (因為), as (因為), since (既然), now that (既然), seeing (that)(由于), considering (that)(考慮到……)等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：
(2018·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)As for me, I'm keen on basketball as it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life.就我而言，我對籃球很感興趣，因為它一直給我力量去面對生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。
4．條件狀語從句
常由if (假如), unless (除非), as (so) long as (只要), on condition that (在……條件下), suppose/supposing (假如)等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：
(2018·北京高考書面表達)If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.
如果你還有其他問題，請隨時告訴我。
5．目的狀語從句
常用so that/in order that (以便), in case (以免)等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：
①(2018·北京高考書面表達)I explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail in order that they could better understand it.我對茶的傳統(tǒng)制作過程作了詳細的說明以便于他們更好地理解它。
②(2016·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books.我們可以早點出發(fā)，這樣我們將有更多的時間來閱讀和選書。
6．結(jié)果狀語從句
用so that (結(jié)果), so ...that/such ...that (如此……以至于……)等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：
(2016·天津高考書面表達)You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you no matter where you are.你們?nèi)绱松屏肌Ⅲw貼，以至于我們希望成為你們的朋友，無論你們在哪兒。
7．讓步狀語從句
常用though/although (雖然), even if/though (即使), no matter (what/who/how ...)(無論什么/無論誰/無論如何……)等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：
The moral of it is to remind people not to give up easily, no matter what difficulty they meet.它的寓意是提醒人們：無論遇到什么困難，都不要輕言放棄。
8．比較狀語從句
常用as ...as ...(和……一樣……), not so/as ...as ...(不比……)，more ...than ...(比……更……)等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：
I really hope you can overcome these difficulties as quickly as you can.我的確希望你能盡快地克服這些困難。
9．方式狀語從句
常用as (如……，像……), as if/though (似乎，好像)等連詞引導(dǎo)。如：
①The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.
這位老人跑得很快，就好像他是一個年輕人。
②In the following exams, we did as what we had promised.
在接下來的考試中，我們按照我們承諾的去做了。
[應(yīng)用體驗]　根據(jù)提示用狀語從句補全句子
①只要我們有強大的信念，就能夠克服任何困難。(as long as)
As_long_as_we_have_a_strong_will,_we'll be able to get over any difficulty.
②他在公司努力工作，以便于能得到提升。(so that)
He worked hard in his firm, so_that_he_could_get_promoted.
③盡管有規(guī)律的鍛煉很重要，但臨睡前鍛煉不是個好主意。(though/although/while)
Though/Although/While_regular_exercise_is_very_important,_it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
④如果我們繼續(xù)污染環(huán)境，地球?qū)⒉辉龠m合我們居住。(if)
If_we_go_on_polluting_the_environment,_the earth won't be fit for us to live in.
⑤無論我做什么，我都會盡全力做好。(no matter what)
No_matter_what_I_do,_I will try my best to do it well.
⑥既然你找到了一份工作，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會獨立不依靠父母。(now that)
Now_that_you_have_got_a_job,_you should learn to be independent of your parents.

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
用狀語從句補全句子
1．(2018·天津高考書面表達)我們對比賽如此感興趣，以至于我們組成了一個小組參加比賽。
We were so_interested_in_the_competition_that_we_formed a group to take part in it.
2．(2018·天津高考書面表達)無論誰獲得機器人技能競賽的第一名都會被授予金牌。
The gold medal will be awarded to whoever_wins_the_first_place_in the_Robotics_Competition.
3．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)由于天氣越來越熱，在室內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)是個好主意。
As_the_weather_is_getting_hotter_and_hotter,_it is a good idea to study indoors.
4．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)如果你對中國民間藝術(shù)感興趣，請發(fā)郵件給我。
If_you're_interested_in_the_Chinese_folk_art,_please e-mail me.
5．(2017·天津高考書面表達)雖然這些天我在埋頭讀書，但為了提高自己，我仍然參加了幾個學(xué)生俱樂部。
Though/Although_(I_am)_buried_in_books_these_days,_I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
6．(2016·江蘇高考書面表達)當(dāng)人們被要求做他們不想做的事情時，他們可能感到被強迫。
People may feel forced when_asked_to_do_things_that_they_don't_want_to.
7．(2015·北京高考書面表達)這是如此激動人心的一次活動，以至于我們都玩得非常愉快。
It was such_an_exciting_activity_that we all enjoyed ourselves very much.
8．(2015·四川高考書面表達)每天晚上，我們可以通過視頻聊天相互聯(lián)系，用英語聊半個小時，再用漢語聊半個小時，以提高我們的口語。
We can contact each other by video chat every night for half an hour in English and half an hour in Chinese, so_that_we_can_improve_our_oral_speaking.
增分句型(四)　靈活好用的名詞性從句

名詞性從句是高中階段重要的語法項目之一，也是寫作中常用的高級表達方式。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

(一)名詞性從句的連接詞
1．從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
名詞性從句的從屬連詞在從句中只起連接作用，不作成分，主要包括that, whether/if。
①(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)What I want to stress is that you'd better bring some gifts.
我想強調(diào)的是你最好帶一些禮物。
②(2017·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)Would you tell me if/whether it's convenient for you？你能告訴我你是否方便嗎？
2．連接代詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
名詞性從句的連接代詞在從句中起連接作用，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語、同位語，主要包括what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等。
(2017·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10：00 a．m.next Friday.
首先，我想強調(diào)的是下周五上午十點鐘我們將在教學(xué)樓的8號教室開始我們的下節(jié)課。
3．連接副詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
名詞性從句的連接副詞在從句中起連接作用，并在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，主要包括how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever等。
①(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)When you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises while chewing food，which is where you should pay attention.
當(dāng)你享受這頓飯的時候，你需要避免咀嚼食物時發(fā)出聲音，這是你應(yīng)該注意的地方。
②(2018·北京高考書面表達)Then I showed them how to make tea.然后我展示給他們怎樣泡茶。
(二)名詞性從句的寫法
在寫作中，如果能夠把兩個簡單句合并為一個含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句，或者把一個簡單句擴展成為含有名詞性從句的復(fù)合句，對寫作都是一種質(zhì)的升華。
名詞性從句在寫作時可采用“三步法”：

[示例]
第一步：寫出兩個簡單句。
①He said a lot at the meeting.
②His words were very attractive.
第二步：用句①作主語從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為“他在會上所說的話”，即What he said at the meeting。
第三步：把句①轉(zhuǎn)換的主語從句和句②連在一起。
What he said at the meeting was very attractive.
[應(yīng)用體驗]　用名詞性從句將下列每組簡單句合并為一個復(fù)合句
①Shall we go picnicking tomorrow? It depends on the weather.
→Whether_we_shall_go_picnicking_tomorrow_depends_on_the_weather.
②This is my decision.All of us are to start at 7：00 o'clock tomorrow morning.
→My_decision_is_that_all_of_us_are_to_start_at_7：00_o'clock_tomorrow_morning.
③When did you enter the room？The police wants to know it.
→The_police_wants_to_know_when_you_entered_the_room.
④Our school volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all greatly.
→The_news_that_our_school_volleyball_team_had_won_the_championship_encouraged_us_all_greatly.
⑤Finally I want to express my hope.All the younger fellows can make full use of time.
→Finally_I_want_to_express_my_hope_that_all_the_younger_fellows_can_make_full_use_of_time.

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
用名詞性從句補全句子
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)相信這是一個你不容錯過的好機會。
It_is_believed_that_it_is_an_excellent_opportunity that you mustn't miss.
2．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)然后消息傳來我們學(xué)校將放映一部英文短片，它是一部關(guān)于我們學(xué)校歷史的紀錄片。
Then came the_news_that_an_English_short_film_will_be_shown_in_our_school,_which is a documentary on the history of our school.
3．(2018·北京高考書面表達)這就是為什么我建議你申請北京大學(xué)，中國最好的大學(xué)之一。
That_is_why_I_suggest_you_apply_for Peking University, one of the best universities in China.
4．(2017·北京高考書面表達)我確實希望我的建議能對你有些幫助，也希望你在中國玩得快樂。
I_do_hope_that_my_advice_will_be_of_some_help_to_you and that you'll have a good time in China.
5．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)我想告訴你的是，中國剪紙藝術(shù)展將于下周舉辦。
What_I_want_to_tell_you_is_that the Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition will be held next week.
6．(2016·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)然而，我不確定措辭和格式是否正確。
However, I am not sure about whether_the_words_and_format_are_correct.
7．(2015·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)你要記住的最后一件重要的事情是在6月28日前把這篇文章發(fā)給我。
The last important thing you should remember is that_you_have_to_send_the_article_to_me_before_June_28th.
8．根據(jù)以上情況我們可以得出結(jié)論：健康的身體有助于提高我們的生活質(zhì)量。
From the above we_can_draw_a_conclusion_that_a_healthy_body_helps_to_improve the quality of our life.