2020高考英語新增分方案大一輪復(fù)習(xí)外研新課改省份專用講義：寫作第二講句式營造亮點(diǎn)14法-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

扮亮句式(一)　作文若不劣——學(xué)會“越來越”

在英語寫作中，我們見證了太多的“越”。你是否會因歲月的流逝，知識的沉淀而對這些迷人的“越”駕輕就熟了呢？先看以下例句：
A growing number of students are faced with a bigger and bigger problem.Namely, with the College Entrance Examination approaching, they grow more and more nervous and anxious.To their despair, however, the more nervous and anxious they are, the less progress they make.
上面語段可譯為：越來越多的學(xué)生正面臨著一個越來越大的問題。隨著高考臨近，他們變得越來越緊張、焦躁。然而，讓他們絕望的是，他們越緊張、焦躁，他們?nèi)〉玫倪M(jìn)步就越小。
句中出現(xiàn)了三處“越來越……”和一處“越……，就越……”，充分體現(xiàn)出了那些“越……”的無上妙用，讓人讀后回味無窮。
1．說到“越來越……”，大家的腦海里很快就會浮現(xiàn)出這樣的模式：比較級＋比較級。若修飾名詞或是雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞，我們常用more and more/less and less＋adj./adv./n.。
It comes as no surprise that customers are more and more demanding towards products and service.
不可否認(rèn)，顧客對產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)質(zhì)量的要求越來越高。
2．若使用growingly/increasingly來替代more and more，用decreasingly來替代less and less，則更顯過人之處。同樣，“越來越多的……”可使用a growing/an increasing number of ...，“越來越少的……”可使用a declining/decreasing number of ...。
①Recently, I found it increasingly hard to breathe in clean air.
最近，我發(fā)現(xiàn)呼吸干凈的空氣越來越難了。
②A growing number of people realize the importance of environmental protection.
越來越多的人意識到環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性。
[應(yīng)用體驗1]　補(bǔ)全句子
①毋庸置疑，隨著時間的流逝，選手間的競爭越來越激烈了。
There is no denying that the_competition_among_competitors_is_increasingly fierce_with_time_going_by.
②使我生氣的是，那個店員對我越來越不耐煩了。
What made me angry was that the_shop_assistant_became_decreasingly_patient_with_me.
③現(xiàn)在，越來越少的人會無視污染的嚴(yán)重性。
Nowadays, a_declining_number_of_people_will_ignore_the_seriousness_of_pollution.
3．“The more ..., the more ...”表示“越……，就越……”?！皌he more”可以是形容詞或副詞的比較級，也可后接名詞。若想表達(dá)否定含義，則改為“the less”。
As far as I'm concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, the more equipped for life you are.
就我而言，教育就是學(xué)習(xí)，你學(xué)得越多，你為將來的生活準(zhǔn)備得就越好。
[應(yīng)用體驗2]　補(bǔ)全句子
①不要泄氣。你應(yīng)該要相信你學(xué)習(xí)越刻苦，取得的進(jìn)步就越大。
Don't lose heart. You should believe the harder you study, the_greater_progress_you_will_make.
②起初我以為我明白了老師所說的，但是他越解釋我就越迷惑。
At first I thought I understood what my teacher said, but the_more_he_explained,_the_more_confused_I_became.
③你越小心，你犯的錯就會越少。
The more careful you are, the_fewer_mistakes_you_will_make.
④你給予別人的越多，你從別人那里得到的就越多。
The_more_you_give_to_others,_the more you will get from them.
⑤眾所周知，網(wǎng)上購物已經(jīng)變得越來越流行了。
Shopping on the Internet is more_and_more popular, as is known to all.

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
翻譯句子
1．(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))你對中國傳統(tǒng)文化了解越多，你就對它越感興趣。
The_more_you_know_about_traditional_Chinese_culture,_the_more_you_are_interested_in_it.
2．我對此了解越多，就越想成為夏令營的一員。
The_more_I_learn_about_it,_the_more_anxious_I_am_to_be_a_member_of_the_Summer_Camp.
3．目前，越來越少的學(xué)生對在英國學(xué)習(xí)英語不感興趣。
Currently,_a_decreasing_number_of_students_show_no_interest_in_learning_English_in_Britain.
4．當(dāng)然，你越快交稿越好。
Of_course,_the_sooner_you_hand_in_your_article,_the_better_it_will_be.
5．隨著精神狀態(tài)越來越差，我鼓起勇氣向您求助。
With_my_mental_state_getting_worse_and_worse,_I_gathered_all_my_courage_to_turn_to_you_for_help.
6．一個人書讀得越多就會變得越明智。
The_more_a_person_reads,_the_wiser_he_will_become.

扮亮句式(二)　簡潔明了，意猶未盡——省略結(jié)構(gòu)

英語中為了避免重復(fù)，句子中的某些部分可以省略，從而讓文章顯得緊湊自然。省略句在寫作中的巧妙運(yùn)用是書面表達(dá)得高分的助力，應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)玫街匾暋?br /> 寫作中常見的省略有下列幾種情況：
1．在以when, while, once引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句及以if, unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，如果從句中的主語與主句中的主語一致或從句的主語為it，且從句中含有be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的“主語＋be動詞”部分。
①Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
年輕的時候要努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會后悔。
②Unless (he is) invited, he won't come.
除非邀請他，否則他不會來。
③If (it is) possible, I'm going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
如果可能的話，我將去探望市里的幾家敬老院。
[應(yīng)用體驗1]　用省略結(jié)構(gòu)完成下列句子
①除非有必要，否則你最好不要查詞典。
Unless_necessary,_you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
②我有困難時總是向她求助。
When_in_trouble,_I always turn to her for help.
③最大的海洋與整個地球的大小比較起來算不了什么。
When_compared_with_the_size_of_the_whole_earth,_the biggest ocean doesn't seem big at all.
④吃飯時，一些有天賦的學(xué)生表演了精彩的民間舞蹈，這使老人非常高興。
While_enjoying_the_meal,_some talented students gave a wonderful folk dance performance, making the elderly very happy.
2．兩個并列句中，后一個分句中與前一分句中相同的部分常省略。
①M(fèi)y brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer.
我哥哥是醫(yī)生，我嫂子是律師。
②Many players believe table tennis is not only a physical game but (table tennis is) a psychological competition as well.許多選手認(rèn)為，乒乓球不僅是體力競賽，也是心理較量。
3．在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom充當(dāng)賓語，而且前面無介詞時可省略。
①He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見到的那個人。
②He lost the watch (that/which) he bought yesterday.
他丟了他昨天買的那塊表。
4．單獨(dú)使用不定式符號to代替動詞不定式后被省略的動詞，常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish等詞后；或放在表示情緒的某些形容詞后，代替被省略的動詞，常見詞有：glad, happy, pleased等，但是，如果不定式中含有be, have, have been時，則要保留be, have, have been。
①—Will you please look after my house when I'm away?
—I'm glad to (look after your house when you're away)．
——當(dāng)我不在時，你能照看一下我家嗎？
——我愿意。
②Your work hasn't been handed in, but it ought to have been.
你的工作還沒有交上來，但是本應(yīng)該交上來了。
[應(yīng)用體驗2]　用省略結(jié)構(gòu)完成下列句子
①我們的家鄉(xiāng)不再是以前的樣子了。
Our hometown is no_longer_what_it_used_to_be.
②那就是我想要讀的那本書。
That is the_book_I_want_to_read.
③——你介意照看我的貓嗎？
——不，我愿意。
—Would you mind looking after my cat?
—No,_I'd_love_to.
④有些書需細(xì)細(xì)品味，有些書淺嘗即可。
Some books are to be tasted, and others_to_be_swallowed.
⑤我不想去那里，但是我不得不去。
I didn't want to go there, but I_had_to.

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
用省略結(jié)構(gòu)補(bǔ)全句子
1．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))如果這樣的話，請到教學(xué)樓二樓的學(xué)生會辦公室報名。
If_so,_please go to sign up at the Students' Union office, which is on the second floor of the Teaching Building.
2．(2017·6月浙江高考書面表達(dá))按照計劃，我們早上7點(diǎn)將在學(xué)校大門口乘公共汽車出發(fā)。
As_planned,_we will leave by bus at 7：00 a．m. at the school gate.
3．如果你被錄取做這份工作，你很快就會接到通知。
If_accepted_for_the_job,_you'll be informed soon.
4．當(dāng)我沿著馬路走時，聽到有人喊我的名字。
While_walking_along the street, I heard my name called.
5．我們將去野餐，但在什么時候什么地點(diǎn)還沒定下來。
We will go for a picnic, but when_and_where_hasn't_been_decided_yet.
6．——你完成作業(yè)了嗎？
——是的，完成了。
—Have you finished your work?
—Yes, I_have.
扮亮句式(三)　話多話少不如來個強(qiáng)調(diào)——強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)
在信息傳遞中，有一些信息是與眾不同的，不要“重要的話說三遍”，那太“LOW”了。在寫作中，我們可以通過使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型將句子提高到一個新的檔次。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語動詞和表語外的其他任何成分，如主語、賓語、狀語等。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的靈活運(yùn)用不僅有助于增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果，突出要強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)，更能彰顯考生對英語表達(dá)的把握能力。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。
(2018·天津高考書面表達(dá))It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us.
不僅是你的熱情，你的團(tuán)隊合作和良好的精神狀態(tài)也給我們留下了深刻的印象。
1．It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分．
(2017·6月浙江高考寫作)It is because it's a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China and make new friends that we really wish you can join us.
正是因為它是你學(xué)習(xí)中國的自然知識和結(jié)交新朋友的好機(jī)會，所以我們真的希望你能加入我們。
2．Is/Was it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
Was it in that park that the children saw the strange green objects?
孩子們是在那個公園里看見了那些奇怪的綠色物體嗎？
3．特殊疑問詞＋is/was it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？
When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher?
你是什么時候下定決心要當(dāng)一名志愿者老師的？
4．It is/was not until ...that ...“直到……才……”
It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.
直到三十分鐘后到家時他才發(fā)現(xiàn)他的包落在出租車?yán)锪恕?br /> 5．強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞時，用助動詞do/does/did，且只能對肯定句的一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。
(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future.
我們確實(shí)希望今后有更多有意義的活動。
[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
Ⅰ.用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型補(bǔ)全句子
1．(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))雖然在中國喝茶的傳統(tǒng)能追溯到公元前3 000年，但是在17世紀(jì)中期英國才出現(xiàn)下午茶的概念。
Although the tradition of drinking tea dates back to 3,000 BC in China, it_was_not_until_the_mid-17th_century_in_the_UK_that appeared the concept of “afternoon tea”．
2．(2017·6月浙江高考寫作)正是由于他們的幫助，才避免了一場災(zāi)難。
It_was_because_of_their_help_that a disaster was avoided.
3．(2016·北京高考書面表達(dá))正是他的不懈努力使得中國逐漸發(fā)生變化。
It_was_his_continuous_efforts_that caused China to change gradually.
4．你是在哪兒撿到這個錢包的？
Where_was_it_that you picked up the wallet?
5．是因為被困在交通堵塞中你才來晚的嗎？
Was_it_because_you_were_stuck_in_the_traffic_jam_that you came late?
6．我確實(shí)珍惜這個受教育的機(jī)會。
I do_cherish/value_the_opportunity to get educated.
7．正是用真誠和誠信我們創(chuàng)造了一種和諧的氣氛。
It_was_with_sincerity_and_faithfulness_that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
8．我的經(jīng)歷告訴我不是你被給予了什么而是你如何利用它決定著你是誰。
My experience tells me that it_is_not_what_you_are_given_but_how_you make_use_of_it_that determines who you are.
9．據(jù)我所知，可能贏這次競賽的人是你。
As far as I am concerned, it_is_you_who/that_are_likely_to_win_the_contest.
10．直到進(jìn)入高中我才意識到英語的重要性。
It_was_not_until_I_entered_senior_high_school_that I realized the importance of English.
Ⅱ.利用所學(xué)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，結(jié)合中文提示補(bǔ)全短文
Dear Mr and Mrs Johnson,
1．It_is_from_my_home_in_China_that_I'm_writing_to_you (我是從中國的家里寫信給你)．I returned home safe and sound.When I think of the wonderful two weeks I spent in Birmingham, England, 2.it_is_both_of_you_that/who (正是你們兩人) I just can't help thinking of.It was so kind of you to have provided everything to make my staying there such a happy and lucky experience.I've learned so much, not only English but also culture.And 3.I_did_enjoy (我的確很享受) the fun and laughter we shared with each other.Thank you very much.I'll always remember this trip as well as your kindness.
I'll keep in touch and write to you later.4.Do_take_care (一定要保重)!
Yours，
Li Hua
扮亮句式(四)　反其道而行之——倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

在英語寫作中，倒裝句型應(yīng)用比較廣泛，我們可以通過倒裝讓句子更高級，強(qiáng)調(diào)我們要傳達(dá)的信息，給文章增色。涉及的句型主要包括部分倒裝和全部倒裝。
1．“only＋狀語”置于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。
(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Only when you come to China can you experience Chinese food cultures.
只有來到中國，你才能體驗中國的飲食文化。
2．none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定詞，以及表示否定意義的介詞短語如at no time, by no means等置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝。
Hardly/No sooner had we arrived at the activity center when/than we signed up to participate in the Walking Contest.
我們一到達(dá)活動中心就報名參加了健步走比賽。
3．在so/such ...that ...結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)so/such連同它所修飾的成分共同位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。
(2018·天津高考書面表達(dá))So interested in the competition are some of my classmates and I that we have formed a group to take part in it.我和我的一些同學(xué)對比賽非常感興趣，以至于我們組織了一個小組來參加比賽。
4．a(chǎn)s/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中通常使用倒裝語序。
Poor as/though he was, he never got discouraged easily.
盡管他很窮，但他從未輕易沮喪。
5．在含有had, should, were等的虛擬條件狀語從句中，若省略連詞if，則可將它們移到主語前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。
①Were I two years younger, I wouldn't do it that way.
如果我年輕兩歲，我是不會那樣做的。
②Looking back, I feel I wouldn't be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.
回顧以往，我感覺如果我失去了信心就學(xué)不會騎自行車了。
6．here, there, now, then, out, in, around, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地點(diǎn)、時間或方位的副詞或介詞短語置于句首，且主語是名詞而不是代詞時，句子用全部倒裝。
①Here are my tips for you.這是我給你的建議。
②In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit three students.
在那幅畫中，三個學(xué)生圍坐在桌子周圍，桌子上有三本書。
③For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.有一段時間什么也沒發(fā)生，然后傳來了大家一起喊叫的聲音。

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
Ⅰ.用倒裝句型補(bǔ)全句子
1．面對這樣的困難你絕不能失去信心。
By_no_means_should_you_lose_heart in the face of such difficulty.
2．雖然有些問題我似乎不熟悉，但很容易回答。
Unfamiliar_though/as_some_of_the_questions_seem_to_me，they are easy to answer.
3．我們學(xué)校前面有一棵1 000年樹齡的大樹。
In_front_of_our_school_stands_a_tall_tree with a history of 1,000 years.
4．如果你早到五分鐘，你就能為他們送行了。
Had_you_arrived_five_minutes_earlier,_you could have seen them off.
5．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))剪紙是如此迷人和生動，我想你可能會對它感興趣。
So_attractive_and_alive_is_paper-cutting_that I think you could be interested in it.
6．(2016·浙江高考寫作)事實(shí)上，只有通過不斷地行動，不斷地調(diào)整計劃，我們才能達(dá)到我們的最終目標(biāo)。
Actually, only by getting moving and constantly adjusting the plan can_we_achieve_our_final_goal.
7．雖然是個孩子，戴安娜能做到很多成年人做不到的事。
Child_as/though_she_is,_Diana can do things most adults can't.
8．山腳下流淌著一條美麗而清澈的河流。
At_the_foot_of_the_mountain_flows a beautiful and clean river.
9．如果他來的話，叫他打電話給我。
Should_he_come,_tell him to ring me up.
10．直到那時，我才意識到語言的影響力可以是積極的，也可以是消極的。
Not_until_then_did_I_realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.
Ⅱ.利用倒裝句型，結(jié)合提示補(bǔ)全短文
In front of my home 1.lies_a_mountain (有座山), which is very high.
2．Never_will_I_forget (我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記) the first time I climbed the mountain with my father.The sky was clear and the sun was shining brightly.3.So_fast_did_my_father_walk (我父親走得如此快) that he was far ahead of me.Not until he stopped to wait for me 4.did_I_catch_up_with_him (我趕上他).5.Tired_as/though_I_was (盡管我很累), I didn't give up. When reaching the top, we felt a sense of achievement.
6．So_is_the_life (生活也是這樣)．We shouldn't give up halfway, however great the difficulty is.Only in this way 7.can_we_succeed (我們才能成功)．
扮亮句式(五)　肯定不如雙否好——雙重否定
否定加否定變成強(qiáng)烈的肯定，在英語作文中，用得恰到好處，一定會讓你的作文成功逆襲，收到出奇制勝的效果。
1．雙重否定的構(gòu)成形式：no/not/never/nothing ...＋否定的實(shí)詞或虛詞
①I would not have overcome the difficulties in my trip without the encouragement and support of my companion.
沒有同伴的鼓勵和支持，我就不會克服旅行中的這些困難。
②You can not make something out of nothing.
巧婦難為無米之炊。
③No way is impossible to courage.
勇者不會有絕路。
④It is our duty to protect the environment because we can't live without a good environment.
保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的職責(zé)，因為沒有好的環(huán)境我們無法生存。
[應(yīng)用體驗1]　翻譯句子
①沒有調(diào)查就沒有發(fā)言權(quán)。
There_is_no_right_to_speak_without_investigation.
②沒有熱情，將一事無成。
Nothing_great_was_ever_achieved_without_enthusiasm.
③對一個有決心的人來說，沒有什么是不可能的。
Nothing_is_impossible_to_a_determined_person.
④沒有這個老人的撫養(yǎng)，這個孤兒難以過上幸福生活。
The_orphan_can't_live_a_happy_life_without_being_brought_up_by_the_old_man.
2．never/not＋fail to do sth.和never/not miss sth.
①As long as you discover, you will not miss the nice things in life.只要你去發(fā)現(xiàn)，你就不會錯過生活中的美好。
②The sights of Hangzhou never fail to impress foreign tourists, making them abandon themselves to the beauty of the city.杭州的景色讓外國游客印象深刻，使他們縱情于這座城市的美景中。
[應(yīng)用體驗2]　翻譯句子
①(2018·6月浙江高考寫作)如果有幸被選為志愿者，我絕不會失職。
I_will_never_fail_to_perform_my_duty,_if_I_have_the_honor_to_be_chosen_as_a_volunteer.
②有些記憶長存，且總是帶給我們溫暖的感覺。
Some_memories_always_stay_with_us_and_never_fail_to_bring_us_warm_feelings.
③我從來不錯過提高英語技能的機(jī)會。
I_never_miss_a_chance_of_improving_my_English_skills.
④我們決不會辜負(fù)父母對我們的期望。
We_will_never_fail_to_live_up_to_what_our_parents_expect_of_us.
3．There is no denying that/It can't be denied that＋句子(不可否認(rèn))/There is no doubt that＋句子(毫無疑問)
①There is no denying/It can't be denied that special attention must be paid to the problem of water shortage.
不可否認(rèn)，一定要特別重視水資源短缺問題。
②There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫無疑問，我們的教育制度有待改進(jìn)。
[應(yīng)用體驗3]　翻譯句子
①毫無疑問，瑪麗在演講比賽中表現(xiàn)得相當(dāng)出色。
There_is_no_doubt_that_Mary_performed_well_in_the_speaking_competition.
②不可否認(rèn)，我們的生活質(zhì)量已經(jīng)得到很大改善。
There_is_no_denying/It_can't_be_denied_that_the_quality_of_our_living_has_been_greatly_improved.

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
翻譯句子
1．(2018·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))不可否認(rèn)，這些消費(fèi)排名可能給消費(fèi)者帶來方便，但它們也常常會是誤導(dǎo)和不可靠的。
There_is_no_denying_that_such_ratings_might_bring_convenience_to_consumers,_but_they_are_often_misleading_and_unreliable.
2．這些天，違反交通規(guī)則和亂扔雜物很常見，這給生活和環(huán)境帶來了嚴(yán)重?fù)p害。
These_days,_breaking_traffic_rules_and_littering_are_not_uncommon,_causing_serious_harm_to_life_and_environment.
3．對大部分人來說，沒有鼠標(biāo)操作計算機(jī)幾乎不可能，更不用說上網(wǎng)。
For_most_people,_it's_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_computer_without_a_mouse,_let_alone_surf_the_Internet.
4．似乎很多人沒有電視、手機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)不能玩得很開心。
It_seems_that_many_people_cannot_enjoy_themselves_without_TV,_cellphones_or_the_Internet.
5．可以肯定地說，沒有微笑，我們的生活會黯淡無光，步履維艱。
It_is_safe_to_say_that_without_smile_our_life_would_be_colorless_and_difficult.
6．幾乎每個人對生活的態(tài)度都受到了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的影響。
There_was_hardly_a_man_or_a_woman_whose_attitude_towards_life_was_not_affected_by_the_Internet.
7．顯然，沒有全社會的幫助就不會有今天的新學(xué)校。
Obviously,_without_the_help_of_the_whole_society,_there_would_be_no_new_schools_today.
扮亮句式(六)　小介詞，大用途——with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
寫作時，我們可以利用with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)讓句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，言簡意明。若能合理利用，“好處”多多，不容小覷。
①(2016·北京高考書面表達(dá))As the Earth Day was approaching, a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
→With the Earth Day approaching, a lot of posters were put up around our school to call on us to join in the actions for a greener earth.隨著“地球日”的臨近，我們學(xué)校里張貼了許多海報，號召我們加入到綠色地球的行動中來。
②In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table and there are a pile of bamboo books on it.
→In the picture, a boy in worn clothes sits beside a wooden table with a pile of bamboo books on it.在圖畫中，一個穿著破舊衣服的男孩坐在木桌旁邊，桌上有一堆竹簡。
此結(jié)構(gòu)由“介詞with或without＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”構(gòu)成，復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with或without的復(fù)合賓語，可在句中作定語和狀語，表示原因、時間、條件、伴隨、方式等。復(fù)合賓語中第一部分賓語由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)，第二部分賓語補(bǔ)足語由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式或分詞充當(dāng)，分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可以是過去分詞。
with/without結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式如下：
(1)with或without＋名詞/代詞＋形容詞
(2)with或without＋名詞/代詞＋副詞
(3)with或without＋名詞/代詞＋介詞短語
(4)with或without＋名詞/代詞＋動詞不定式
(5)with或without＋名詞/代詞＋分詞

①She came into the room, with her nose red because of cold.(with＋名詞＋形容詞)
她走進(jìn)房間，因為天氣冷鼻子通紅。
②With the meal over, we all went home.(with＋名詞＋副詞)
吃完飯后，我們都回家了。
③The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm.(with＋名詞＋介詞短語)
胳膊下夾著一根尺子，大師走來走去。
④He could not finish the work without me to help him.(without＋代詞＋不定式)
沒有我?guī)退?，他不可能完成這項工作。
⑤She fell asleep with the light burning.(with＋名詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞)
燈亮著，她睡著了。
⑥The conference hurriedly finished without a single agreement reached.(without＋名詞＋過去分詞)
會議很快就結(jié)束了，沒達(dá)成任何一個協(xié)議。

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
用with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)補(bǔ)全句子
1．我在房間坐了一會兒，眼睛盯著天花板。
I sat in my room for a few minutes with_my_eyes_fixed_on_the_ceiling.
2．士兵讓他背朝著他父親站在那兒。
The soldier had him stand with_his_back_to_his_father.
3．沒有任何話要說，他離開了教室。
Without_any_word_to_say,_he left the classroom.
4．(2018·11月浙江高考寫作)這是一個藍(lán)色的皮革錢包，里面有1 000多美元，我的身份證和我的護(hù)照。
It is a blue leather purse with_over_$1,000,_my_ID_card_and_my_passport_in_it.
5．(2017·11月浙江高考寫作)隨著春節(jié)來臨，準(zhǔn)備是必要的。
With_the_Spring_Festival_approaching,_the preparation is necessary.
6．(2016·北京高考書面表達(dá))做完所有的工作后，我們?nèi)チ烁浇纳鐓^(qū)，把它們分發(fā)給了住在那里的人們。
With_all_the_work_done,_we went to the nearby neighbourhood and gave them to the people living there.
7．(2016·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))有更多的人參加投票，結(jié)果會更客觀、可靠。
With_more_people_taking_part_in_the_voting,_the result will be more objective and reliable.
8．隨著社會的快速發(fā)展，我們有必要掌握好英語和計算機(jī)知識。
With_the_society_developing_rapidly,_it's necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English and computer.
9．沒人注意，他從后門溜走了。
Without_anyone_noticing_him,_he slipped out from the back door.
10．因為有很多作業(yè)要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
With_a_lot_of_homework_to_do,_I can't go skating with you.

扮亮句式(七)　不比不知道，一比語更高——倍數(shù)和比較句型
表示倍數(shù)和比較的句型相對較多，在寫作中靈活運(yùn)用這些句型有利于提升文章的檔次，會讓你的作文與眾不同。
1．英語中常見的4種倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：
(1)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級＋as B
(2)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.比較級＋than B
(3)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size, weight, length ...)＋of B
(4)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋what從句
①The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.
→The red ruler is three times longer than the yellow one.
→The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.
這把紅尺子是黃尺子的三倍長。
②The population now in this village is five times what it was ten years ago.
現(xiàn)在這個村莊的人口是十年前的五倍。
2．the＋比較級 ..., the＋比較級 ...“越……，就越……”
The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.
老師做得越少，學(xué)生就做得越多，他們學(xué)會的就越多。
3．比較級＋than＋any other＋名詞單數(shù) ...“比任何其他的都……”
Mike is more hard-working than any other student in the class.
邁克比班里其他的任何一個同學(xué)都勤奮。
4．prefer vt.更喜歡；選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物)
(1)prefer sth.to sth.　　　　　喜歡……而不喜歡……
prefer to do sth. 更喜歡做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth. 寧愿做……而不愿做……

①Nowadays many children prefer surfing the Internet at home to taking exercise outdoors.
如今許多孩子寧可待在家里上網(wǎng)，也不愿意到戶外進(jìn)行鍛煉。
②After all, all kids prefer to be praised rather than be scolded.
＝After all, all kids would be praised rather than be scolded.
＝After all, all kids would rather be praised than be scolded.
＝After all, all kids prefer being praised to being scolded.
畢竟，所有的孩子都喜歡被表揚(yáng)而不是被批評。
5．be senior/junior to“比……年長/年齡?。?地位或級別等)比……高/低”
Mr Liu is three years senior to me, and he is also senior to me in our company.
劉先生比我大三歲，在公司里級別也比我高。

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
用倍數(shù)和比較句型補(bǔ)全句子
1．我們的城市已經(jīng)發(fā)展成了一個大城市，是原來的四倍大。
Our city has developed into a big one, which is four_times_as_big_as_it_used_to_be.
2．中國比亞洲的其他任何一個國家都大，也比非洲的任何一個國家都大。
China is larger_than_any_other_country in Asia and also larger_than_any_country in Africa.
3．你聽和讀得越多，你寫和說得就越好。
The_more_you_listen_and_read,_the better you write and speak.
4．雖然他比我地位低，但卻分配到一輛公司汽車。
He's been given a company car, even though he's_junior_to_me.
5．她更喜歡和我們一起去而不愿獨(dú)自留下。
①She preferred_to_go_with_us_rather_than_stay behind alone.(prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.)
②She would_rather_go_with_us_than_stay behind alone.(would rather do sth.than do sth.)
③She would_go_with_us_rather_than_stay behind alone.(would do sth.rather than do sth.)
6．引進(jìn)新技術(shù)后，今年汽車的產(chǎn)量是去年的兩倍。
After the new technique was introduced, the production of cars this year is twice_as_much_as_that_of_last_year.
7．我寧愿去探個究竟，也不愿坐在這兒等待。
Rather than sit here waiting, I prefer_to_go_to_find_out what on earth has happened.
8．湯姆比安妮年輕，但他比瑪麗年長。三個人中他是中間的。
Tom is younger than Ann, but he_is_senior_to Mary. Of the three he is the middle.
9．肯尼亞四處干旱炎熱，其面積是英國的兩倍多。
Kenya, a land more than twice_the_size_of Britain, is everywhere parched.(size)
10．據(jù)報道，美國消耗的能源是整個歐洲的兩倍。
It is reported that the United States uses twice_as_much_energy_as the whole of Europe. (as ...as)

扮亮句式(八)　彰顯您的不一般——玩轉(zhuǎn)“主動表被動”

高中英語學(xué)習(xí)中，時?？梢娨恍┎惶美斫獾恼Z法現(xiàn)象，給高中生增加了難度，“主動表被動”就是其中的一個例子。若能熟練駕馭，必能為你的寫作增光添彩。常見的“主動表被動”現(xiàn)象主要有以下幾種：
1．動詞不定式to do中的主動表被動
(1)主語＋系動詞＋形容詞＋to do；此種句型可擴(kuò)展為：
主語＋謂語＋賓語＋形容詞＋to do
The essay is hard to understand.
→I found the essay hard to understand.
我覺得這篇文章很難理解。
(2)主語＋謂語＋賓語＋to do；擴(kuò)展句型體現(xiàn)在with引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中：With＋名詞＋to do＋主句
Bill had an urgent meeting to attend. Bill was extremely anxious.
→With an urgent meeting to attend, Bill was extremely anxious.
有一個緊急會議要召開，比爾焦慮萬分。
(3)There be＋名詞＋to do
Michael got pretty worried, for there is an important guest to meet.邁克爾特別擔(dān)憂，因為有一個重要的客戶要見。
(4)主語＋be to blame(應(yīng)受責(zé)備，應(yīng)該負(fù)責(zé))，be to let(可以出租)。
I wonder who is to blame for the missing cheese?
我想知道誰應(yīng)該為丟失的奶酪負(fù)責(zé)？
[應(yīng)用體驗1]　補(bǔ)全句子
①所有的店員都很難相處，這對你們的聲譽(yù)極其有害。
All_the_shop_assistants_are_hard_to_get_along_with,_which does great harm to your reputation.
②誰該為日益惡化的空氣質(zhì)量負(fù)責(zé)？
Who_is_to_blame_for the worsening air quality?
2．動名詞doing中的主動表被動
(1)主語＋want/need/require/deserve/worth＋doing
Look at your flowers! They need watering.
瞧你的花兒！它們需要澆水了。
(2)主語＋be worth doing
Recently, there is something wrong with students' mental health, which is worth attaching importance to.
最近，學(xué)生們的心理健康出了問題，這值得重視。
[應(yīng)用體驗2]　補(bǔ)全句子
①說實(shí)話，你們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量真的需要改進(jìn)。
To be frank, the_quality_of_your_product_really_needs_improving.
②這兒的美無法用言語表達(dá)，值得再次去游玩。
The beauty here is beyond description and it_is_worth_visiting_again.
3．表狀態(tài)、屬性等特征的動詞中的主動表被動
(1)主語＋謂語動詞(不及物動詞)＋副詞。在此類“主動表被動”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示屬性的動詞有write, sell, wash, burn, cook, use等。
The book sells well overseas.這本書海外銷路很好。
(2)主語＋can't/won't＋謂語動詞(不及物動詞)。一些諸如work, open, move, shut, act, lock, wear等表狀態(tài)的不及物動詞，和can't/won't搭配使用時，往往帶有各種感情色彩。
Damn! The door won't open.該死！門打不開了。
[應(yīng)用體驗3]　補(bǔ)全句子
①獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎后，莫言的書很暢銷。
Mo_Yan's_books_sold_well after he won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
②幫我一下好嗎？我的電腦不能正常工作了。
Can you do me a favor? My_computer_won't_work.

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
用“主動表被動”結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯句子
1．有一些緊急事件要處理，我只有向你求助。
With_some_emergency_to_deal_with,_I_had_no_choice_but_to_turn_to_you.
2．毫無疑問，在我們的合作下，中國結(jié)銷量將會很好。
It_comes_as_no_surprise_that_with_our_cooperation,_the_Chinese_knots_will_sell_well.
3．眾所周知，像出國留學(xué)這么寶貴的機(jī)會很難找到。
As_is_universally_acknowledged,_such_a_precious_chance_as_learning_in_a_foreign_country_is_hard_to_seek.
4．我認(rèn)為這些學(xué)生值得表揚(yáng)。
I_think_these_students_deserve_praising.
5．在這種情況下，你不應(yīng)該受到指責(zé)。
You_shouldn't_be_to_blame_under_the_circumstances.
6．這本書很值得一讀。
This_book_is_well_worth_reading.
7．公園里聞起來有香味的花吸引了很多游客。
The_flowers_smelling_sweet_in_the_garden_attract_many_visitors.

扮亮句式(九)　百變小天后——“as”顯奇功
as因其詞性多樣，用法靈活，給廣大考生的學(xué)習(xí)增加了一定難度。首先，在詞性上，as可用作連詞、介詞、副詞、關(guān)系代詞；其次，在用法上，as可引導(dǎo)定語從句和狀語從句，以及用于一些諸如as far as, as soon as, as long as的固定搭配中。
(一)首先，as可用作連詞，譯為“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的倒裝。
Naughty as he is, Tony is always quiet in the presence of his father.盡管他很頑皮，但父親在場時，托尼總是很安靜。
[應(yīng)用體驗1]　補(bǔ)全句子
①盡管看似不可能，但我還是鼓足勇氣再次嘗試。
Impossible_as_it_seemed,_I gathered my courage to have another try.
②他雖然是一位老師，但也不可能什么都懂。
Teacher_though/as_he_is,_he can't know everything.
③盡管忙著上課，我還是設(shè)法擠出了時間和朋友出去玩。
Busy_though/as_I_am_with_the_lessons,_I have managed to find time to hang out with my friends.
(二)此外，as可用作關(guān)系代詞，譯為“正如，好像”，引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時，常用于such ...as, so ...as, the same ...as, as ...as結(jié)構(gòu)中；引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，位于主句前后均可。
Billy is such a daring boy as none of us have ever imagined.
我們從沒想到，比利是如此大膽的一個男孩。
[應(yīng)用體驗2]　補(bǔ)全句子
①(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))和學(xué)習(xí)語言一樣，學(xué)習(xí)漢語也需要大量的練習(xí)。
As_is_always_the_case_with_language_learning,_Chinese learning also calls for lots of practice.
②眾所周知，知識就是力量。
As_is_known_to_us/As_we_all_know,_knowledge is power.
③這是一個如此難的問題，以至于沒人能解決。
This is such a difficult question as_nobody_can_work_out.
④這臺電腦和我前幾天買的那臺屬于同一款(同一類)。
This is the same computer as_I_bought_the_other_day.
⑤那些對世界作出重大貢獻(xiàn)的人應(yīng)受到極大的尊重。
Such_people_as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
(三)as也可用作副詞，表程度。常構(gòu)成as ...as的搭配，譯為“像……一樣……的”
常用形式有以下三種：
(1)as＋adj.＋a/an＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，如as kind a person as ...；
(2)as＋adj./many＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，如as many people as ...；
(3)as＋adj./much＋不可數(shù)名詞，如as much water as ...。
①He is as hard-working a boy as anyone else in his class.
他跟班上其他任何一個同學(xué)一樣是個勤奮的學(xué)生。
②According to a recent survey, as many as 10 out of 17 penguins may be in danger of disappearing.正如最近調(diào)查的那樣，17只企鵝中有10只可能有消失的危險。
[應(yīng)用體驗3]　補(bǔ)全句子
①遇到像你一樣既和善又博學(xué)的人是我的榮幸。
It's my pleasure to meet as_kind_and_learned_a_person_as_you.
②根據(jù)最近研究，多達(dá)五分之一的美國青少年有不同程度的聽力損傷。
As_many_as_one_in_five_US_teenagers_have_suffered_different_degrees_of_hearing_loss,_according to a recent research.
(四)身為“百變小天后”，as還有多種其他用法。
可用作介詞，譯為“作為”，后接名詞等；可用作連詞，連接原因、時間、讓步、方式、比較狀語從句；用于固定搭配中，如：as long as (只要), as far as (據(jù)……), as soon as (一……就), as if/though (好像), as to/for (關(guān)于，至于), so as to (為了), as a result/consequence (因此), such as (例如), may/might as well (不妨)等等。
As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.
只要你不灰心，你就會成功。
[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
翻譯句子
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))簡言之，在中國就要像中國人那樣做。
In_brief,_do_as_the_Chinese_do_when_in_China.
2．(2018·6月浙江高考寫作)因為我急需一些實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗，所以我渴望接受這份工作。
As_I_am_in_urgent_need_of_some_practical_experience,_I_am_eager_to_be_taken_on_for_this_job.
3．你需要交一篇大約400詞的稿件。
You_are_required_to_hand_in_as_long_an_article_as_about_400_words.
4．盡管感到很難為情，我還是鼓足勇氣來向你求助。
Embarrassed_as_I_feel,_I_gather_all_my_courage_to_turn_to_you_for_help.
5．正如上面所說的，語法不是一套死規(guī)則。
As_has_been_said_above,_grammar_is_not_a_set_of_dead_rules.
6．我從未見過像他這樣才華橫溢的年輕人。
I've_never_seen_such_a_talented_young_man_as_he_is.
扮亮句式(十)　妙用分詞增光彩——過去分詞
過去分詞用途廣，用法活。如果你能夠駕輕就熟，它一樣可以成為你作文中一道亮麗的風(fēng)景線。過去分詞(短語)在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或狀語。
(一)過去分詞作定語
作定語的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，僅表完成。
1．單個過去分詞作定語時，一般放在被修飾詞的前面，表示主語的狀態(tài)或已完成的動作。
The excited people rushed into the building.
激動的人們沖進(jìn)了大樓。
2．過去分詞短語作定語時，與所修飾的名詞之間為被動關(guān)系，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，其“被動”與“完成”的含義可以在從句中表現(xiàn)出來。
The computer bought last week doesn't work now.
＝The computer that was bought last week doesn't work now.
上周買的那臺電腦現(xiàn)在出故障了。
[應(yīng)用體驗1]　句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①The letter that was posted yesterday will reach her next week.
→The letter posted_yesterday will reach her next week.
②The book given to him is an English novel.
→The book that/which_was_given_to_him is an English novel.
(二)過去分詞作表語
過去分詞作表語，除了可以用在系動詞be之后，還可用于get, become等系動詞后面，表示動作，一般不延續(xù)。
Mary got divorced in 2018, and she had been married to Tom for 8 years by then.瑪麗在2018年離婚了，那時她嫁給湯姆已有8年的時間了。
[應(yīng)用體驗2]　翻譯或補(bǔ)全句子
①我對試驗結(jié)果很滿意。
I_am_pleased_with_the_result_of_the_experiment.
②吉姆為對老師所說的話感到羞愧。
Jim was_ashamed_of what he said to his teacher.
(三)過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語
常見的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的情況：
1．過去分詞用于feel, hear, notice, see, smell, observe等感官動詞后作賓補(bǔ)。
He didn't notice his wallet stolen.
他沒有注意到他的錢包被偷了。
2．過去分詞用于get, have, make, keep, leave等使役動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.
他們準(zhǔn)備讓人把門廳粉刷成白色的。
3．過去分詞用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
With the task finished, he went home happily.
任務(wù)完成后，他高興地回家了。
[應(yīng)用體驗3]　補(bǔ)全句子
①李博士很高興地看到他母親在家被照顧得很好。
Dr Lee was very happy to see_his_mother_taken_good_care_of_at_home.
②外面的景物被雪覆蓋著，看上去很美。
The outside sight looks beautiful with_everything_covered_with_snow.
(四)過去分詞作狀語
過去分詞作狀語時，用來修飾謂語，說明動作發(fā)生的情況或背景。該分詞短語相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句；過去分詞可用來作時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨狀語。
①United, we stand; divided, we fall.(作條件狀語)
[諺語] 團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。
②Seriously injured, the soldier was taken to the hospital immediately.(作原因狀語)
由于傷勢嚴(yán)重，這名戰(zhàn)士被立即送往醫(yī)院。
[應(yīng)用體驗4]　句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①When the park is seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.
→Seen_from_the_hill,_the park looks more beautiful.
②Though they were beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.
→Beaten_by_the_opposite_team,_the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
補(bǔ)全句子
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))任何對這部電影感興趣的人都?xì)g迎到位于第三教學(xué)樓第一層的學(xué)校演講大廳里欣賞。
Anyone who shows interest in the film is welcome to the school's lecture hall, located_on_the_first_floor of the third teaching building, to enjoy it.
2．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))如果你對這件事感興趣，讓我知道，我會發(fā)送給你更多的信息。
If_you_are_interested_in_it,_let me know and I'll send you more information.
3．如果一直執(zhí)行，它會讓我們所有人受益匪淺，我們肯定會取得明顯進(jìn)步。
Carried_out_continuously,_it will benefit all of us greatly and we are sure to make obvious progress.
4．它包含由外國朋友所寫的關(guān)于他們國家文化的文章。
It contains articles written_by_foreign_friends about the cultures of their home countries.
5．為了解決這個問題，我想制定一項規(guī)則，整個班級時不時地集體講課。
To_get_this_problem_solved,_I'd like to set up a rule that the whole class work in groups to give lessons once in a while.
扮亮句式(十一)　帶你身臨其境的使者——現(xiàn)在分詞
恰當(dāng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，不僅顯得句式多樣，句子活潑，而且讀起來結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，言簡意賅。現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或狀語。
(一)作定語
1．單個的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語往往放在被修飾詞的前面。
Have you got some interesting storybooks for children?
你有一些有趣的兒童故事書嗎？
2．現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語往往放在被修飾的詞后面，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。
Do you know the number of people coming (＝who will come) to the party？你知道來參加晚會的人數(shù)嗎？
[應(yīng)用體驗1]　句型轉(zhuǎn)換
①The students working in the country will be back tomorrow.
→The students who_are_working_in_the_country will be back tomorrow.
②The building being built now will be our library.
→The building that/which_is_being_built_now will be our library.
(二)作表語
　現(xiàn)在分詞作表語用來表示主語的特性、狀態(tài)、情感等，具有形容詞的特征。常見的有：exciting, interesting, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, amusing, confusing等。
The speech you delivered is very interesting and encouraging.
你做的演講很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
[應(yīng)用體驗2]　補(bǔ)全句子
①我們學(xué)校贏得比賽的消息令人興奮。
The news that our school won the game was_exciting.
②和你們這樣的人一起工作是令人鼓舞的，我會想念你們。
It_is_inspiring_to_work_with_people like you and I will miss you.
(三)作賓語補(bǔ)足語
1．現(xiàn)在分詞通常作感官動詞(watch, observe, notice, see, hear, feel等)、表示狀態(tài)的動詞(keep, leave)或“使役”動詞(get, have, make)的賓語補(bǔ)足語。此時，賓語是現(xiàn)在分詞所表示動作的執(zhí)行者；從時間上講，它表示正在進(jìn)行的動作或動作的持續(xù)。
I hear someone talking in the next room.
我聽到隔壁有人在談話。
2．在“with/without＋名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞短語作介詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。
His hair became grey with the years passing.
隨著時間的推移，他的頭發(fā)變得花白了。
[應(yīng)用體驗3]　根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子
①我們路過她的房間時聽到她在唱英語歌曲。(hear)
We heard her_singing_an_English_song when we passed her room.
②不要讓學(xué)生整天學(xué)習(xí)。(have)
Don't have_the_students_studying all day.
③物價上漲如此快，以至于我們買不起一所新房子。(with)
With_prices_going_up so fast, we can't afford a new house.
(四)作狀語
　現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況等。
Standing on the top of the hill, you can see the whole city.
站在山頂上，你可以看到整個城市。
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.
他一邊看書，一邊不時地點(diǎn)頭。
[應(yīng)用體驗4]　補(bǔ)全句子
①因為不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書寄給他。
Not_knowing_his_address,_I can't send this book to him.
②他父親去世了，留給他許多錢。
His father died, leaving_him_a_lot_of_money.
③他們在那兒站了半小時，觀察著天上的星星。
They stood there for half an hour, watching_the_stars_in_the_sky.

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
補(bǔ)全句子
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))代表我們學(xué)校，我非常高興告訴你關(guān)于這些活動的事情。
Representing_our_school,_I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.
2．(2018·6月浙江高考寫作)此外，我曾在我們學(xué)校70周年慶典上作接待員，使我更加自信。
What's more, I have ever served as a receptionist in our school's 70th anniversary celebration, making_myself_more_confident.
3．他讓我等了很長時間，這讓我很不高興。
He kept me waiting_for_a_long_time,_which made me upset.
4．在我校英文報中有一個“外國文化”欄目，旨在介紹美國習(xí)俗。
In the English newspaper of our school, there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming_to_introduce_American_customs.
5．既然已經(jīng)意識到你的時間是有限的，你必須為你的目標(biāo)更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。
Having_realized_that_your_time_is_limited,_you'll have to study harder for your goals.
6．當(dāng)我們查找信息時，我們可以通過觸動屏幕來操作它。
When_searching_for_some_information,_we can operate it by touching the screen.
7．你說的話真的鼓舞人心。
What you said is_really_inspiring.
8．為了不吵醒那個在睡覺的孩子，他說話聲音很低。
He spoke in a low voice in order not to_wake_up_the_sleeping_child.
扮亮句式(十二)　輕靈的舞者——無靈主語句
所謂的無靈主語句，即無生命的事物作主語來展開句子。形象地說，無靈主語句如同輕靈的舞者，翩然舞動在自由的天空下，不時給烈日炙烤的生靈送去一陣微風(fēng)，間或在波瀾不驚的水面激起一絲漣漪。
從充當(dāng)句子主語的詞語來看，無靈主語句大體有以下幾類：
1．表示時間、地點(diǎn)等的名詞作主語的句子。這類無靈主語句常用see, find, witness等動詞作謂語，往往帶有比喻或擬人的修辭手法。
　①The following months saw my constant progress and my efforts eventually paid off.接下來的幾個月見證了我不斷的進(jìn)步，我的努力最終有了回報。
②As is universally acknowledged, the Yellow Crane Tower has witnessed the history of Wuhan.
眾所周知，黃鶴樓見證了武漢的歷史變遷。
[應(yīng)用體驗1]　補(bǔ)全句子
①最近，很多城市遭受了嚴(yán)重的霧霾，這為我們的生活帶來了極大的不便。
Recently, many_cities_have_seen_severe_smog,_which brings great inconvenience to our life.
②這短短的兩年時間見證了你在漢語學(xué)習(xí)上所取得的難以置信的進(jìn)步。
The_two_short_years_have_witnessed_your_unbelievable_progress_in Chinese learning.
2．表示生理、心理狀態(tài)的名詞作主語的句子。此類句子仿佛為您的表達(dá)增加了血肉，注入了活力，使寫作瞬間變得豐滿起來。
①Grief and sorrow hit me like a bolt from the blue.
悲痛如晴天霹靂一般擊中了我。
②Gradually, a strong passion to help others deeply rooted in my heart.
漸漸地，一種強(qiáng)烈的想要幫助他人的愿望深植我的心間。
[應(yīng)用體驗2]　翻譯句子
①我把感謝送給那些曾經(jīng)善意地幫助過我的人。
My_gratitude_goes_to_those_who_have_ever_kindly_offered_me_a_helping_hand.
②沮喪和絕望把我逼到了崩潰的邊緣。
Frustration_and_despair_drove_me_to_the_edge_of_breaking_down.
③我驚訝得說不出話來。
Astonishment_deprived_me_of_my_power_of_speech.
3．表示行為、動作意義的名詞作主語的句子。這極有利于增加主語的多樣性，吸引讀者的目光。
　The strike went on for a month before it was settled.
罷工持續(xù)了一個月才解決。
Being a good listener really enables us to get closer to each other.
善于傾聽確實(shí)可以拉近我們彼此的距離。
[應(yīng)用體驗3]　翻譯句子
①精通幾門語言使我得以輕松和外國人交流。
A_good_command_of_several_languages_enables_me_to_easily_communicate_with_foreigners.
②一想到即將到來的面試，我就擔(dān)心害怕。
The_thought_of_the_approaching_interview_filled_me_with_concern_and_fear.
4．表示情景、自然現(xiàn)象的名詞作主語。使用此類表達(dá)，展開的句子顯得更為生動形象。
A heavy rain visited the city.
這個城市剛下過一場大雨。
[應(yīng)用體驗4]　翻譯句子
①近日來，多變的天氣使很多人生病住院。
In_recent_days,_the_changeable_weather_has_driven_many_people_to_hospital.
②更糟糕的是，在精疲力竭的一天之后，持續(xù)不斷的噪音使我們無法入睡。
Worse_still,_constant_noise_prevented_us_from_falling_asleep_after_an_exhausting_day.

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
翻譯或補(bǔ)全句子
1．(2018·6月浙江高考寫作)獲得實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗的強(qiáng)烈渴望促使我向你遞交了我的申請。
A_strong_desire_for_practical_experience_inspired_me_to_send_my_application_to_you.
2．(2017·11月浙江高考寫作)寒假來臨，我得知你將不回國。
The_winter_vacation_is_approaching,_and_I_get_the_news_that_you_will_not_go_back_to_your_country.
3．格林先生，我無法用言語表達(dá)對您的謝意。
No_words_are_strong_enough_to_express_my_gratitude_to_you,_Mr_Green.
4．我原打算去機(jī)場接李明叔叔，但一些緊急事件把我困在了辦公室。
I_had_intended_to_pick_my_uncle_Li_Ming_at_the_airport,_but_some_emergencies_trapped_me_in_the_office.
5．4月12日——令人難忘的一天——見證了我班同學(xué)一次極有意義的經(jīng)歷。
April_12th,_a_memorable_day,_witnessed_a_meaningful_experience_of_our_class.
6．據(jù)我所知，在這座體育館里舉行了許多激動人心的足球比賽。
As I know, this_stadium_has_seen many thrilling football games.
扮亮句式(十三)　慧眼辨虛實(shí)，匠心釀虛擬——虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來體現(xiàn)，表示作者的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑、建議等含義，而非客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語氣適時穿插于寫作中，可令人眼前一亮，好感頓生。根據(jù)使用環(huán)境，虛擬語氣在寫作中主要有以下幾類：
1．if型虛擬語氣，“如果……，就……”
Secondly, if I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends.
第二，如果我是你，我會在傍晚和朋友一起散步。
2．wish型虛擬語氣，“希望……”
Besides, I wish there wouldn't be too many students in a class.另外，我希望一個班不會有太多的學(xué)生。
3．a(chǎn)s if/though型虛擬語氣，“好像……”
Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if/though they had just happened.
童年的一切一下子涌入我的腦海中，仿佛剛剛發(fā)生似的。
4．if only型虛擬語氣，“要是……就好了；但愿……”
If only I could go back and reset my goals.
要是我能夠回到過去重新制訂目標(biāo)該有多好。
5．It's (high/about) time (that) ...型虛擬語氣，“是……的時候了”
It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make some changes.
確實(shí)到了孩子和父母行動起來做出一些改變的時候了。
6．(should) do型虛擬語氣，“應(yīng)該做……”。表示“建議、命令、要求”等的動詞insist, order, suggest等后面所接的賓語從句一般用“(should)＋動詞原形”表示虛擬。
To master Chinese, I strongly suggest you (should) practice with Chinese people.
為了掌握漢語，我強(qiáng)烈建議你和中國人一起練習(xí)。
7．without, but for, but that含蓄型虛擬語氣，“沒有……，要不是……”
Without your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.要是沒有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成這項任務(wù)。

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
Ⅰ.用虛擬語氣補(bǔ)全句子
1．看我現(xiàn)在所處的糟糕境地！要是我聽了你的建議就好了！
Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I_had_taken_your_advice!
2．建議每個人都應(yīng)該多吃水果和蔬菜。
It is suggested that everyone_(should)_eat_more_fruit_and_vegetables.
3．我們感覺好像親眼目睹了整個事情的經(jīng)過。
We felt as_if/though_we_had_witnessed the whole thing.
4．如果我當(dāng)時聽了你的建議，我的考試就不會有問題了。
Had I followed your advice, I would_have_had_no_trouble with my exam.
5．要是他能及時趕到機(jī)場就好了！
If_only_he_could_arrive at the airport in time!
6．如果你明天才還書，你就會受罰的。
If you returned/should_return/were_to_return the book tomorrow, you would be fined.
7．沒有你的幫助，我不可能在演講比賽中獲得一等獎。
Without_your_help,_I couldn't_have_won first prize in the speech competition.
8．我真希望上學(xué)時學(xué)習(xí)再努力一點(diǎn)。
I really wish I had_studied_harder when at school.
9．是我們該討論一下昨天遇到的問題的時候了。
It's high time that we_had/should_have_a_discussion about the problem we met yesterday.
10．老師勸我們要好好利用在這兒的每一分鐘。
The teacher advised that we_(should)_make_good_use_of every minute here.
Ⅱ.利用虛擬語氣句型，結(jié)合漢語提示補(bǔ)全短文
I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech.My topic today is “If I Were a Dustman”．
Perhaps you are surprised at my choice, but I do think being a dustman is a great choice.I wish 1.I_could_become_a_dustman (我能成為一名環(huán)衛(wèi)工人) because 2.I_wish_I_could_make our_city_a_more_beautiful_place_to_live_in (我希望我能把我們的城市變成一個更美的居住的地方)．
If I were a dustman, 3.I_would_make_our_city_cleaner (我會讓我們的城市更干凈) with no rubbish lying on the street.I would tell others without us dustmen our city 4.would_be_difficult_to_live_in (很難居住).5.I_would_rather_you_were_in_favor_of_my_idea (我寧愿你們支持我的主意)．
My suggestion is that, whatever you do, 6.you_(should)_devote_yourself_to_doing_it_well (你應(yīng)專心做好它)．
扮亮句式(十四)　主動與被動，效果大不同——被動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)在書面表達(dá)中屬于高級句式，它們的合理運(yùn)用能給文章增色添彩。英文中被動語態(tài)的使用比漢語更多、更普遍。一般說來，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者、不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者或執(zhí)行者不明確時，多用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)因為更突出客觀事實(shí)而被廣泛使用。所以同學(xué)們在寫作時也應(yīng)該注意多用被動語態(tài)，以提升寫作表達(dá)檔次。
1．主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)
①We can borrow at most five books at a time, and we can keep them for ten days.
→At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days.
②When we put some waste chemicals into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.
→When some waste chemicals are put into the sea, they can hurt or kill animals and fish.
2．寫作中常見的被動語態(tài)
(1)be＋過去分詞(be可使用各種時態(tài))
①(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))The exhibition will be held from 9：00 am to 5：00 pm the day after tomorrow in the art gallery.
這次展覽將于后天上午9時至下午5時在美術(shù)館舉行。
②Nowadays, more and more English words are being used in the Chinese language.
當(dāng)今，越來越多的英語詞匯在漢語中使用。
(2)情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞
①To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.為了提高空氣質(zhì)量，應(yīng)該減少使用私家車。
②As can be seen from the chart, more and more people own mobile phones in China now.正如從表中所看到的，如今在中國擁有手機(jī)的人越來越多。
(3)get＋過去分詞
①The entrance to the parking place was too small and often got blocked.通往存車處的入口太小了，經(jīng)常堵車。
②I'm feeling very sorry to tell you that I have to change our plan to visit Yunnan in July, because my left foot got injured.我很抱歉地告訴你我不得不改變我們七月份去云南旅游的計劃，因為我的左腳受傷了。
[應(yīng)用體驗]　句型轉(zhuǎn)換(主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài))
①Above all, we must do something to stop pollution.
→Above_all,_something_must_be_done_to_stop_pollution.
②It is true that many things determine our future.
→It_is_true_that_our_future_is_determined_by_many_things.
③The boss made him work all day long.
→He_was_made_to_work_all_day_long.
④I suggest that you (should) make friends with people having different characteristics or backgrounds.
→It_is_suggested_that_you_(should)_make_friends_with_people_having_different_characteristics_or_backgrounds.
⑤When did Lu Xun write these books?
→When_were_these_books_written_by_Lu_Xun?
⑥Our village has built a plastic factory.
→A_plastic_factory_has_been_built_in_our_village.

[專題過關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
Ⅰ.補(bǔ)全句子
1．(2018·天津高考書面表達(dá))世界青少年機(jī)器人競賽計劃于7月底在天津舉行。
The World Adolescent Robotics Competition is_scheduled_to_be_held at the end of July in Tianjin.
2．網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票不公平，不能被信任。
Internet voting is unfair, and can't_be_trusted.
3．應(yīng)制定規(guī)則并應(yīng)嚴(yán)格遵守這些規(guī)則。
Rules should_be_worked_out_and_strictly_observed.
4．我可能會像以前一樣被責(zé)備。
I would_probably_get_scolded as before.
5．每天8小時睡眠必須得到保證。
Eight hours per day for sleep must_be_guaranteed.
6．他們的家鄉(xiāng)建立了一座發(fā)電站。
A power station has_been_set_up_in_their_hometown.
7．這本小說在完成10年后才被出版。
The novel was_not_published_until 10 years after it was completed.
8．那所學(xué)校每年都有幾百人被重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取。
Hundreds of students in that school are_admitted_into the key universities every year.
Ⅱ.利用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z態(tài)，結(jié)合漢語提示補(bǔ)全短文
A very terrible rainstorm hit/struck our city last night and caused huge mudslide around West Village.In this disaster, nearly 1.ten_houses_were_destroyed (十所房子被毀) and 2.an_office_building_was_ruined (一幢辦公樓被毀壞了)．What's worse, it has already caused one death, leaving five persons missing.
When trouble happens at a place, help comes from all sides.Soldiers 3.were_sent_to_help_out (被派去幫助)．And a lot of villagers tried their best to help search for the missing persons.4.It_is_said_that (據(jù)說) the direct economic loss caused by this heavy rainstorm adds up to more than ten million yuan.Through everyone's efforts, everything went on very well/smoothly.