Unit 1 A land of diversity


一、課前基礎自查
(一)分類記單詞——省時高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．strait n．　　　　　　　海峽
2．Arctic adj. 北極的；北極區(qū)的
3．ministry n. (政府的)部；(全體)牧師；牧師的職責
4．shave v. 刮；剃
5．vice n．& adj. 代理；副職
6．federal adj. 聯(lián)邦制的；聯(lián)邦政府的
7．aircraft n. 飛行器；航空器；飛機
8．nephew n. 侄子；外甥
9．tram n. (有軌)電車
10．cattle n. 牛(總稱)
11．bakery n. 面包房；面包廠
12．ferry n. 渡船；渡口
vt. 擺渡；渡運
13．seagull n. 海鷗
14．mourn v. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛
15．authority n. 權威；權力(pl.)當局；官方
16．pole n. 地極；電極；磁極
Ⅱ.重點單詞(寫其形)
1．rail n. 鐵路；扶手；(護欄的)橫條
2．hardship n. 苦難；困苦
3.occur vi.　　　　　發(fā)生；出現
4．luggage n. 行李(〈美〉baggage)
5．thankful adj. 感激的；感謝的
6．boom n. (人口、貿易的)繁榮
vi. 處于經濟迅速發(fā)展時期
7．angle n. 角；角度
8．civil adj. 公民的；國內的；民間的
9．hire vt.& n. 租用；雇用
10．grasp vt.& n. 抓住；抓緊；掌握；領會
11．thoughtful adj. 關切的；體貼的；深思的
12．reform v. 改革；革新
n. 改革；改造；改良
13．despite prep. 盡管；不管
14．nowhere adv. 無處；到處都無
15．brake n. 閘；剎車；制動器
v. 剎(車)；用制動器減速
16．fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的
17．justice n. 正義；公平
18．insert vt. 嵌入；插入
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．distinct adj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的→distinction n．差別；區(qū)分；卓著
2．immigrate vi.移入(外國定居)→immigrant n．(從外國移入的)移民→immigration n．移民；移居入境
3．means n．方法；手段→mean v．意思是；意味著 adj.吝嗇的；卑鄙的→meaning n．意思
4．majority n．大多數；大半→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．專業(yè)→minority n．少數
5．elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→election n．選舉
6．percentage n．百分比；百分率→percent adj.百分之……的
7．racial adj.人種的；種族的→race n．種族；競爭
8．crossing n．橫渡；橫越；十字路口；人行橫道→cross n．十字；交叉 adj.交叉的；生氣的 v．使交叉；橫過→across prep.在……的對面(過)
9．applicant n．申請人→apply vi.申請→application n．申請書；申請
10．customs n．海關；關稅；進口稅→customer n．顧客
11．socialist n．社會主義者；社會黨人 adj.社會主義者的→society n．社會→social adj.社會的→socialism n．社會主義
12．indicate vt.指出；標示；表明；暗示→indication n．跡象；標示→indicator n．指示器；指示信號
13．apparent adj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的→apparently adv.顯然地；顯而易見地
14．conductor n．(公車)售票員；列車員；(樂隊)指揮→conduct v．管理
15．slip vi.滑動；滑行；滑跤 n．滑動；滑倒 →slippery adj.滑的
16．punishment n．懲罰；處罰→punish vt.懲罰；處罰
[語境活用]
1．—What is the meaning of the sign on the bottle?
—It means “this side up”．(mean)
2．Apparently,_she took no notice of the apparent mistakes in the accident.(apparent)
3．Though he failed many times in election,_he never lost heart and at last he was elected President of the USA.(elect)
4．He indicated that an indicator should give me some indications of how I did in the test.(indicate)
5．All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(apply)
6．One of the major problems is that a majority of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job.(majority)
7．“Walk across this street and turn left at the first crossing.” the boy told the lady.(cross)
8．If a customer wants to bring the goods he buys abroad back to inland, he has to pay some customs when he passes through the Customs.(custom)
9．Some socialists believe that socialism will over time turn into what they see as a more advanced system with no state, money, or social classes.(society)
10．Over the past three years, there has been a big rise in immigration (immigrate) to the USA.

(二)練中記短語——記牢用活
寫準記牢
語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)
1.live_on　　　　繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存
2．mark_out 標出……界線；用線畫出范圍
3．apply_for 申請；請示得到
4．take_in 包括；吸收；欺騙；理解
5．keep_up 堅持；維持；沿襲(風俗、傳統(tǒng)等)
6．make_a_life 習慣于新的生活方式、工作等
7．back_to_back 背靠背
8．by_means_of_... 用……辦法；借助……
9．a_great/good_many 許多；很多
10．team_up_with 與……合作或一起工作
1.I would like to apply_for admission to the English Club of our school.
2．As senior students, it is important to keep_up a good state of mind.
3．A signal may be given by_means_of flags, lights, and guns.
4．If you team_up_with your classmates, you will surely get the same work done far better.
5．These teenagers don't know much of the world yet; that's why they are so easily taken_in.
6．The site of the new chemical fertilizer plant has been marked_out.
7．After seeing a_great_many homeless people in the streets, I thought I should do something for them.

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。
it is likely that ...“有可能……”。
很有可能有一些像地球一樣的星球，在那里可能也存在生命。
It_is_quite_likely_that there are some planets like the earth, on which there might also be life.
2.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
那就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。
That/This is why ...“那/這就是……的原因”。
(2017·北京高考書面表達)那就是我認為長江之行會是更好的選擇的原因。
That's_why_I_think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
3.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that ...
人們認為，要不了多久，多種國籍的混合將會非常之大，以至于……
It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句。
人們認為溫室氣體是全球變暖的主因。
It_is_believed_that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.

二、課堂重點深化

1．majority n．大多數；大半
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①The majority is/are (be) in favour of banning smoking in public.
②The majority of astronauts from America have_been (be)men in the last few years.
補全句子
③The white are_in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority.
在澳大利亞，白人占多數而原住民占少數。
④The_majority_of_the_damage_is easy to repair.
大部分損失很容易補救。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)a/the majority of　　　　　　　 大多數……
in a/the majority 占多數
by/with a majority of 以多數票……
(2)minority n. 少數
in a/the minority 占少數
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
⑤He won the seat with the majority of 71 votes.第二個the→a
佳句時時寫
⑥隨著物價的上漲，大多數人覺得靠他們掙的錢很難生活。
With the prices going up, the_majority_of_people_find_it_hard to_live_on_the_amount_of_money_they_get.
[名師指津]　“a/the majority of＋名詞”作主語時，其后謂語動詞的單復數取決于of后名詞的數。the majority作主語時，謂語動詞既可以用復數，也可以用單數。
2．elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①She was elected as new Prime Minister last year.
②If I am lucky enough to win the election (elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students' after-class activities.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)elect sb. (as/to be)＋職位
＝sb. be elected (as/to be)＋職位(職位前無冠詞)
(2)elect to do sth.　　　　　　 選擇做某事
(3)election n. 選舉
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
③We elected him as the monitor of our class.去掉the
佳句時時寫
④(2015·陜西高考書面表達)除此之外，我英語很好以至于被選做英語老師的助手。
Besides, I have such a good command of English that I_am_elected_as_assistant to_my_English_teacher.
3．occur vi.發(fā)生；出現
　[自主體驗]
補全句子
①Suddenly a_good_idea_occurred_to_her,_but she didn't know how to speak it out.
她突然想到了一個好主意，但是她不知道如何說出來。
②I suppose it_didn't_occur_to_you_to_phone the police.
我想你根本就沒想到打電話報警吧。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
sth. occurs/occurred to sb.　　　　　 某事被某人想起
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人想起……
It occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth. 某人想起做某事
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
③It never occurred me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.me前加to
佳句時時寫
④(2016·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達)我本來打算去的，但我想起我還有一些工作要做。
I had meant to go, but it_occurred_to_me_that_I_had_some_work_to_do.
4．hire n．& vt.租用；雇用
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①There are many bicycles on hire in this area.
②There are three small boats available for hire.
③David used to hire his car out sometimes when he didn't need it himself.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)on hire　　　　　　　　 出租
for hire 可供出租
(2)hire sth. out (to sb.) 把……租出去(給某人)
　[重點強化]
易錯對對碰(employ/hire)
④Not having enough money, she had to hire a dress for the wedding.
佳句時時寫
⑤我還想知道是否包括住宿以及我是否需要租賃公寓。
I'd also like to know whether accommodation is included and I_need_to_hire_an_apartment.

1．by means of ...通過；用……辦法；借助……
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
by this means　　　 用這種方法
by all means　　　 當然可以；沒問題
by no means 決不；一點也不(位于句首時，句子用部分倒裝語序)
　[重點強化]
單句語法填空
①Students build up their vocabularies by means of reading more.
②Only by this means is (be) it possible to persuade him out of smoking.
易錯處處防
③Without knowledge, by no means we achieve our life goal.we前加can
④By this mean she solved the problem between the wife and husband.mean→means
佳句時時寫
⑤(2018·天津高考書面表達)將會以給你發(fā)送郵件的方式告知你訓練計劃。
You will be informed of the training schedule by_means_of_sending_you_an_email.
2．make a life習慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)make/earn a/one's living 謀生
(2)live/lead a ...life 過著……生活
come (back) to life 蘇醒；變得活躍；恢復生氣
bring ...back to life 使……蘇醒過來；給……活力
　[重點強化]
單句語法填空
①She had to look for part-time babysitting jobs these years to_make (make) a living.
補全句子
②When Alice came_to_life,_she did not know how long she had been lying there.
當艾麗絲蘇醒時，她不知道已經在那兒躺了多久。
易錯處處防
③Unfortunately, the dog's injuries were so severe that the doctor could not bring him back life.back后加to
佳句時時寫
④(2017·天津高考書面表達)我很想念你，想起了你幫我習慣新生活的快樂時光。
I've missed you a lot, thinking_about_those_happy_moments_when_you_helped_me make_a_life.
3．take in包括；吸收；理解；欺騙；收留
　[自主體驗]
寫出下列句中take in的含義
①The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.收留
②While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.吸收
③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括
④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by cheaters.欺騙
⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
take off　　　　　 脫去(衣服等)；(飛機等)起飛；成功
take on 呈現；雇用；承擔
take up 拿起；開始從事；占據(時間、空間等)
take over 接收；接管；接任；取代
　[重點強化]
易錯對對碰(take on/take over)
⑥After his father passed away, he took_over the business.
⑦Our factory will take_on twenty more workers next month to increase output.
佳句時時寫
⑧(2016·浙江高考書面表達)比賽的前一個月，我花了幾個小時列出日程安排包括我的目標和實際步驟。
A month before the event, I spent hours working out a schedule taking_in_my_goals_and practical_steps.

4．This/That is why ...“這/那就是……的原因”
　[教材原句]　That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
　[自主體驗]
①That's_why more and more people in China are interested in learning English.
那就是越來越多的中國人對學英語感興趣的原因。
②From space, the earth looks blue. This_is_because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
從太空中看，地球是藍色的。這是因為它表面約百分之七十一都被水覆蓋著。
③The reason why he has had such a great success is that he never gives up.
他取得那么大的成功的原因是他從不放棄。
　[歸納點撥]
(1)This/That's why ... 　　　　　 這/那就是……的原因
(2)This/That is because ... 這/那是因為……
(3)The reason why ... is that ... ……的原因是……
　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點句)(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)Being late is not welcome. That's why you should arrive earlier than the fixed time.
②(增分要點句)(2018·北京高考書面表達)I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you. This is because the university is known for its language and culture courses intended for international students.
③(增分要點句)(2017·北京高考書面表達)The reason why I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River is that we can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people.


本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與社會”中的“歷史事件，文化淵源”子話題相對應
一、話題語素積累多一點
話題詞匯記一記
子話題(一)　歷史變遷
溫故淺易詞匯
①ancestor　 　 ?、赼nnounce　 　 　③nation
④defend ⑤history ⑥population
識記生疏詞匯
①origin n．起源；由來　 ②previous adj.早先的
③aggression n．侵略 ④primitive adj.原始的
⑤abolish vt.廢除；取消 ⑥immigrant n．移民
⑦ancient adj.古代的 ⑧symbol n．象征
⑨reflect v．反映 ⑩religious adj.宗教的

子話題(二)　歷史事件
溫故淺易詞匯
①battle　 　②incident　 ?、踫lavery　 　④dynasty
⑤weapon ⑥revolution ⑦historical ⑧escape
⑨historic ⑩defeat ?stand
識記生疏詞匯
①uprising n．起義　　　　?、趍assacre n．大屠殺
③invade vt.侵略 ④occupy vt.攻占；忙于
⑤compass n．指南針 ⑥gunpowder n．火藥
⑦paper-making n．造紙術 ⑧printing n．印刷術
⑨attack vt.& n．進攻；攻擊 ⑩explode vi.爆炸
常用詞塊憶一憶
①in peace和平　 　 　　　 ②at war交戰(zhàn)
③turn against背叛 ④get prepared for為……做準備
⑤date back to追溯到 ⑥defend ...against ...防御……
⑦date from起源于；始于 ⑧break out爆發(fā)
⑨Long March長征 ⑩have a history of有……的歷史
?on behalf of代表 ?come to power上臺執(zhí)政
?in the long run從長遠來看
?vote for/against投票支持/反對
?declare war on對……宣戰(zhàn) ?Chinese civilization中華文明
?cradle of civilization文明的搖籃
?the May 4th Movement五四運動
?in memory of為了紀念……

寫作佳句背一背
①In ancient times, the fastest way to travel was to ride a horse or carriage.
②At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty in the seventh century, the lantern displays would last three days.
③Only when the system has been abolished will it be possible to abolish poverty, unemployment and war.
二、話題書面表達亮一點
[題目要求]
(2015·福建高考)請閱讀右面圖畫，按要求用英語寫一篇詞數為120左右的短文。內容要求：
1．描述畫面；
2．概述其含義；
3．談談個人感想。
注意：1.短文開頭已給出，不計入總詞數；
2．可適當發(fā)揮，使文章內容充實、行文連貫；
3．文中不能出現考生的具體信息。
參考詞匯：鑿，鉆bore
In the picture，



[寫作4步走]
第一步：句寫對——給詞寫句
discouraged, reflect，count，pay off, get prepared for, a weak ray of light, absorb, steal, spare no effort, knowledge, take pains, a pile of, ancient　　
1．我們看到一個男孩坐在桌子旁，桌上有一堆書。
We_can_see_a_boy_sitting_at_a_table_and_there_were_a_pile_of_books_on_it.
2．一絲微弱的光穿過墻上的洞照了進來，他在專心讀書。
A_weak_ray_of_light_came_in_through_a_small_hole_in_the_wall_and_he_was_absorbed_in_reading.
3．這是一個來自中國古代的著名的成語故事。
This_is_a_well-known_story_from_an_ancient_Chinese_idiom.
4．他很窮。他鑿開鄰居的墻在晚上“偷”光讀書。
He_was_poor.He_bored_a_hole_in_the_wall_to_“steal”_light_from_his_neighbor's_house_to_read_at_night.
5．要不遺余力去獲取知識，從不輕易泄氣。
Spare_no_effort_to_acquire_knowledge_and_never_get_discouraged_easily.
6．不是故事本身而是故事反映的東西是很重要的： 有付出就有收獲。
Not_the_story_itself_but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_counts.Hard_work_pays_off.
7．我們應該努力通過學習提高自己，為未來做好準備。
We_should_take_pains_to_improve_ourselves_through_learning_and_get_prepared_for_the_future.

第二步：量寫夠——語句擴充
8．在句1中加入定語“穿著破舊的衣服”；桌子前加入定語“破舊的、木制的”。
We_can_see_a_boy_in_worn_clothes_sitting_at_a_shabby_wooden_table_and_there_were_a_pile_of_books_on_it.
9．在句4中加入“他甚至不能負擔起一根蠟燭”，并用so與后面句子合并成并列句。
He_was_poor.He_couldn't_afford_even_a_candle,_so_he_bored_a_hole_in_the_wall_to_“steal”_light_from_his_neighbor's_house_to_read_at_night.
10．在句5中加入“這個故事的寓意是”和讓步狀語從句“不管境況多么難”。
The_moral_of_the_story_is:_spare_no_effort_to_acquire_knowledge_and_never_get_discouraged_easily_no_matter_how_difficult_the_situation_may_be.
11．在句5和句6之間增加“今天的情況是完全不同的”。
Things_are_totally_different_today.

第三步：語寫美——詞句升格
1．用with 復合結構改寫句8。
We_can_see_a_boy_in_worn_clothes,_sitting_at_a_shabby_wooden_table_with_a_pile_of_books_on_it.
2．用非謂語動詞合并改寫句9。
The_boy,_being_poor,_couldn't_afford_even_a_candle,_so_he_bored_a_hole_in_the_wall_to_“steal”_light_from_his_neighbor's_house_to_read_at_night.
3．用強調句型改寫句6。
It_is_not_the_story_itself_but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_that_counts.Hard_work_pays_off.

第四步：篇連順——銜接成文

In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes, sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it. A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in reading.
This is a well-known story from an ancient Chinese idiom. The boy, being poor, couldn't afford even a candle, so he bored a hole in the wall to“steal”light from his neighbor's house to read at night. The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be.
However, things are totally different today. It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts. Hard work pays off. Therefore, we should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.


一、復現單元考點——增強備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空
1．(2016·北京高考)Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred (occur).
2．(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights, thus warming the house.
3．(2015·福建高考)To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants (apply) to attend the opening ceremony.
4．(2015·湖南高考)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully (thankful) by the shop window.
5．(2014·江蘇高考)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful symbol in last year's election(elect)．
6．(2014·湖北高考)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but slipped (slip) and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.
7．(2014·天津高考)Clearly and thoughtfully (thoughtful) written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(選用occur, thankful, apparent, slip, hire, take in填空)
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ完形填空)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something __52__ to me. Those brown eyes were very familiar. “What's his name？” I asked the instructor. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I knew. That stranger was my son！occurred
2．(2014·湖北高考完形填空)One evening, standing under a jeweled sky, I found myself __50__ for all the hardships. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family！thankful
3．(2013·江蘇高考完形填空)Four years later, I moved back into town.I saw many people were having a really hard time, losing their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to __53__ a handful of people.take_in
4．(2011·四川高考完形填空)I kept travelling between London and here and felt lighter than I had in months.In December 2008, I was __31__as a hotel manager and moved here full time.hired
5．(2010·湖南高考完形填空)Soon it became __42__ that we were getting nowhere. I began to picture the rest of the day in the forest, without food or drink.apparent
6．(2010·山東高考完形填空)All I had to do in the next move was put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box. It really was an easy move. I was concentrating so much on keeping the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look where I was going. I missed my partner's box altogether and __46__.slipped
二、復現話題詞匯——提高閱讀準度
新高考下的命題新視角：每個國家都有其發(fā)展歷史，尤其是作為四大文明古國之一的中國更是以悠久的歷史和燦爛的文明聞名于世，這也成為高考的關注點。因此，應聚焦歷史變遷，多關注歷史上人物介紹、地方的興衰以及文化的遷移和影響。考生學習和了解一定的歷史知識，不僅能從過去的歷史人物身上和歷史事件中得到啟發(fā)，了解事情的發(fā)展和遷移，對現在生活也會產生積極的影響。

[話題感悟]

學習目標 ——語篇復現詞匯，活學活用記憶更深
(加藍詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時請揣摩其用法)
(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)[1]Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野)．But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
[2]Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
[3]But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了加拿大城市——道森市的歷史、發(fā)展與現狀。
1．What attracted the early settlers to New York City?
A．Its business culture.
B．Its small population.
C．Its geographical position.
D．Its favourable climate.
解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段第二、三句“People settle in these places ... New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.”可知，紐約市吸引早期定居者之處就是它靠近哈德遜河入海口，交通和貿易便利，所以是它的地理位置吸引了早期的定居者。故選C。
2．What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?
A．Two-thirds of them stayed there.
B．One out of five people got rich.
C．Almost everyone gave up.
D．Half of them died.
解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段倒數第二句“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich.”可知，在最先的兩萬名淘金者中，有4 000人變得富有了，即有五分之一的人變得富有了。故選B。
3．What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?
A．They found the city too crowded.
B．They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C．There were unable to stand the winter.
D．They were short of food.
解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中“The city was crowded ... new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”可知，人們離開道森去阿拉斯加碰運氣了。故選B。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．The rise and fall of a city.
B．The gold rush in Canada.
C．Journeys into the wilderness.
D．Tourism in Dawson.
解析：選A　主旨大意題。文章第一段簡要介紹城市發(fā)展的原因；第二段介紹了道森興起的原因；第三段介紹了道森的衰落和現狀，由此可知，文章主要以加拿大城市道森為例講述了城市的興衰。故選A。
學習目標 ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
主旨大意技法(5)——利用正確選項的三大特征解題
(1)涵蓋性強，覆蓋全文；
(2)確定的范圍恰當，既不太大，也不太??；
(3)精確性強，不會改變語言表意的程度及色彩。
以上面文章及第4題為例：文章第一段簡要介紹城市發(fā)展的原因，并引出道森這一城市的興起(rise)；第二段介紹了道森興起的原因；第三段介紹了道森的衰落(fall)和現狀。A項(The rise and fall of a city.)符合上面講的三點。


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