2020版高考英語新設(shè)計一輪復(fù)習人教全國版講義：選修8Unit1Alandofdiversity-學案下載-教習網(wǎng)

(一)課前自主學習

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意
1．strait n．　　　　　　　　　　海峽
2．Arctic adj. 北極的；北極區(qū)的
3．ministry n. (政府的)部；(全體)牧師；
牧師的職責
4．shave vi.& vt. 刮；剃
5．vice n．& adj. 代理；副職
6．federal adj. 聯(lián)邦制的；聯(lián)邦政府的
7．a(chǎn)ircraft n. 飛行器；航空器；飛機
8．nephew n. 侄子；外甥
9．tram n. (有軌)電車
10．cattle n. 牛(總稱)
11．bakery n. 面包房；面包廠
12．ferry n 渡船；渡口
vt. 擺渡；渡運
13．seagull n. 海鷗
14．mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛
15．a(chǎn)uthority n. 權(quán)威；權(quán)力
(pl.) 當局；官方
16．rail n. 鐵路；扶手；(護欄的)橫條
17．nowhere adv. 無處；到處都無
18．brake n. 閘；剎車；制動器
v. 剎(車)；用制動器減速
19．pole n. 地極；電極；磁極
20．fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的
Ⅱ.重點單詞——————寫其形
1．despite prep.　　　　　　　　盡管；不管
2．hardship n. 苦難；困苦
3．occur vi. 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)
4．luggage n. 行李(〈美〉baggage)
5．thankful adj. 感激的；感謝的
6．boom n. (人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮
vi. 處于經(jīng)濟迅速發(fā)展時期
7．a(chǎn)ngle n. 角；角度
8．civil adj. 公民的；國內(nèi)的；民間的
9．hire vt.& n．[縱聯(lián)1] 租用；雇用
10．grasp vt.& n. 抓?。蛔ゾo；掌握；領(lǐng)會
11．thoughtful adj. 關(guān)切的；體貼的；深思的
12．reform v. 改革；革新
n. 改革；改造；改良
13．justice n. 正義；公平
14．insert vt. 嵌入；插入
Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變
1．distinct adj.清晰的；明顯的；明確的→distinction n．差別；區(qū)分；卓著
2．immigrant n．(從外國移入的)移民→immigrate vi.移入(外國定居)→immigration n．移民；移居入境
3．means n．方法；手段→mean v．意思是；意味著 adj.吝嗇的；卑鄙的→meaning n．意思；意義
4．majority n．大多數(shù)；大半→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．專業(yè)→minority n．少數(shù)
5．elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人→election n．選舉
6．percentage n．百分比；百分率→percent adj.百分之……的
7．racial adj.人種的；種族的→race n．種族；競爭
8．crossing n．橫渡；橫越；十字路口；人行橫道→cross n．十字；交叉 adj.交叉的；生氣的 v．使交叉；橫過→across prep.在……對面[縱聯(lián)2]
9．a(chǎn)pplicant n．申請人→apply vi.申請→application n．申請書；申請
10．customs n．海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進口稅→customer n．顧客
11．socialist n．社會主義者；社會黨人 adj.社會主義的→society n．社會→social adj.社會的→socialism n．社會主義
12．indicate vt.指出；標示；表明；暗示→indication n．跡象；標示→indicator n．指示器；指示信號
13．a(chǎn)pparent adj.顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的→apparently adv.顯然地；顯而易見地
14．conductor n．(公車)售票員；列車員；(樂隊)指揮→conduct v．管理[縱聯(lián)3]
15．slip vi.滑動；滑行；滑跤 n．滑動；滑倒 →slippery adj.滑的
16．punishment n．懲罰；處罰→punish vt.懲罰；處罰

縱聯(lián)1. 不“雇用”就“辭退”
①hire n．& vt.雇用　　　　 ②employ vt. 雇用
③take on雇用 ④fire vt. 解雇
⑤dismiss vt. 解雇 ⑥lay off解雇
⑦remove vt.免職
縱聯(lián)2.容易被忽略的-ing名詞后綴
①crossing十字路口 ②training訓練
③feeling感覺 ④wedding婚禮
⑤meaning意義 ⑥saying格言；警句
⑦building建筑物 ⑧hearing聽覺
⑨belonging擁有物 ⑩painting繪畫(作品)
?ending結(jié)尾 ?greeting問候；打招呼
縱聯(lián)3.后綴“-or”基本都是表示“人”
①conductor售票員 ②administrator管理者
③director導演；主管 ④educator教育工作者
⑤editor編輯 ⑥inventor發(fā)明家
⑦operator操作員 ⑧translator翻譯家
⑨actor演員 ⑩author作家
?visitor游客 ?ancestor祖先
?bachelor學士；單身漢 ?monitor班長

單元話題——多元化的國土
子話題1　歷史變遷
①ancestor n．祖先 ②nation n．國家；民族
③origin n. 起源；起因 ④defend v. 保護；保衛(wèi)
⑤announce v. 宣告；宣布 ⑥previous adj.早先的
⑦ancient adj. 古代的 ⑧population n. 人口
⑨symbol n．象征 ⑩history n．歷史
?adapt v．使適應(yīng) ?changeable adj.多變的
子話題2　地點介紹
　①geography n. 地理 ②capital n. 首都；省會
③convenient adj. 方便的 ④urban adj.城市的
⑤position n. 位置 ⑥atmosphere n. 氛圍；大氣層
⑦surround v. 包圍 ⑧cover v. 覆蓋
⑨remote adj. 偏僻的；偏遠的
⑩locate v. 找出……位置；安置在……
[學考對接·活學活用]
高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用
1．(2018·北京高考閱讀D)The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently? now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across?the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the 　?　 to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
①寫出加彩詞在句中的含義：顯而易見地
②寫出across在本單元中同根名詞：crossing，意為“橫越；橫渡；十字路口；人行橫道”
③選詞填空：__B__
A．hardship　　　　B．potential　　　　 C．justice
2．(2017·江蘇高考任務(wù)型閱讀)Declining birth rate is a major?problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.
A great decline in young work force is likely 　?　 (occur)in China, for instance. What does it imply?？ First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.
①寫出加彩詞在本單元的名詞形式：majority
②用occur的適當形式填空：to_occur;_occur除了表示“發(fā)生”，相當于happen外，在句型it occurs to sb. that ...中，occur意為“被提到，出現(xiàn)在大腦中”
③加彩詞在本單元的近義詞為：indicate
高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用
(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)
1．(2018·江蘇高考書面表達)顯然，盲目地聽從別人的建議會影響我們自己的判斷。(apparently)
Apparently,_blindly_following_others'_advice_will_affect_our_own_judgment.
2．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)我希望你能抓住這個機會，這是進一步學習中國傳統(tǒng)文化的一種途徑。(grasp, means)
I_wish_that_you_could_grasp_this_opportunity，which is a　means of learning traditional Chinese culture further.
(二)課堂重點釋疑
1．majority n．大多數(shù)；大半
[記牢]
(1)a/the majority of ...　　　大多數(shù)……
in the/a majority 占多數(shù)
(2)major n．& v. 專業(yè)；主修
major in 主修……；以……為專業(yè)
(3)minority n. 少數(shù)
in the/a minority 占少數(shù)
[練通]
單句語法填空
①Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority.
②The majority of the land has_been_destroyed (destroy) so far.
③Some of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were (be) really funny.
單句改錯
④I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major the gardening after attending college. major后加in
[用準]　the majority of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；后接不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；后接集合名詞作主語時，若集合名詞視為整體，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)，若集合名詞考慮個體，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
[寫美]　補全句子
⑤(2015·浙江高考書面表達)當我有不同的意見時，我可能選擇放棄，尊重大多數(shù)人的意見。
When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinions of the majority.
2．elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人
[記牢]
(1)elect sb. (as/to be)＋職位＝sb. be elected (as/to be)＋
職位選舉某人為……(職位前無冠詞)
(2)election n．　　　　選舉
[練通]　單句語法填空
①She became the first black woman who was elected as Member of Parliament to the Senate.
②If I am lucky enough to win the election (elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students' after-class activities.
[寫美]　翻譯句子
③(2015·陜西高考書面表達)此外，我的英語很好以至于我當選為我英語老師的助理。
Besides,_I_have_such_a_good_command_of_English_that_I_am_elected_as_assistant_to_my_English_teacher.
3．occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)
[記牢]
sth. occurs to sb.　　　　　　　某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
[練通]
單句語法填空
①Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
②(2018·天津高考)The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs (occur)．
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
③It occurred to me that I should go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.
→It occurred to me to_go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.
[寫美]　用含有occur短語升級加彩部分
④Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how you came up with the idea.
→Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the　idea occurred to you.
4．hire vt.& n．租用；雇用
[記牢]
(1)on hire　　　　　　　　出租
for hire 可供出租
(2)hire sth. out (to sb.) 把……租出去(給某人)
[練通]　單句語法填空
①In December 2018, I was_hired (hire) as a hotel manager and moved here full time.
②There are three small boats available for hire.
③David used to hire his car out when he didn't need it himself.
[寫美]　補全句子
④一方面，他們抱怨找工作競爭如此激烈；另一方面，許多工廠無法雇用足夠的工人。
On the one hand, they complain that the competition in job hunting is so fierce; on the other hand, a_lot_of_factories_can't_hire_enough_workers.
[詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓練]　　
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．In the meantime, mobile online shopping market is booming (繁榮) in China, with an annual growth rate of 63.5%.
2．It was really thoughtful (體貼的) of you to remember my birthday and arrange a party.
3．I was really upset to find that such a thing should have occurred (發(fā)生) in your shop.
4．Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired (雇用) to make the images.
5．A new law has been brought in to discourage racial (種族的) prejudice.
6．We have never doubted of the success of our reform (改革)．
7．Whenever it is, we should keep a thankful (感激的) heart towards everything around us.
8．Despite (盡管) his frequent absence, Bruce managed to keep up with his studies.
9．Grasp (抓住) the main idea of the text, and you will be able to answer the question.
10．Anyone who goes abroad will accept security check at the customs (海關(guān))．
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1．When it comes to education, the/a majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
2．These rules require to_be_reformed/reforming (reform)to meet the need of most people.
3．It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
4．With the tourist trade booming (boom), the residents of this area are paying more attention to the protection of nature.
5．The applicant (apply) should be a native speaker of English.Fluency in Chinese is preferred.
6．The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the class rang, which interrupted our heated discussion.
7．Apparently (apparent), the iPods, if used properly, are helpful to our study, especially to our English listening.
8．Unluckily, she slipped (slip), fell down from the upstairs and hurt her left leg.
9．Furthermore, punishment (punish) is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
10．There are many bicycles on hire in this area.
Ⅲ.單句改錯
1．We needed to get to London but we had no mean of transport.mean→means
2．Emerson would always take down new ideas that were occurred to him.去掉were
3．Father is thank to me for persuading him to give up smoking.thank→thankful
4．In fact, I didn't realize its importance until I was elected the monitor of our class.去掉the
5．There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday. We had everywhere to take a rest, so we got tired. everywhere→nowhere
Ⅳ.根據(jù)提示補全句子
1．鎮(zhèn)上的大多數(shù)人都大力支持為孩子們建造運動場的計劃。(majority)
The_majority_of_people_in_the_town_strongly_support the plan to build a playground for children.
2．她被選入樂隊，不是因為她美麗，而是因為她有音樂天賦。(elect)
She_was_elected_into_the_band not because she was beautiful but because she had a talent for music.
3．邁克爾從未想到有一天他會成為班上的尖子生。(occur)
Not once did_it_occur_to_Michael_that he could one day become a top student in his class.
4．人類會為他們破壞森林的行為而受到處罰。(punish)
The_human_beings_will_be_punished for their forest-destroying activities.
5. (2015·福建高考書面表達)正如圖畫所顯示，一個男孩坐在桌邊專心讀書。(indicate)
As_is_indicated_in_the_picture,_a boy is sitting at the table, absorbed in reading.

(一)課前自主學習

1．live_on 　　　　　　　　繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存
2.mark out [串記1] 標出……界線；用線畫出范圍
3．a(chǎn)pply_for 申請；請示得到
4.take in [串記2] 包括；吸收；欺騙；理解
5．keep_up 堅持；維持；沿襲(風俗、傳統(tǒng)等)
6．make_a_life 習慣于新的生活方式、工作等
7.back to back 背靠背
8．by_means_of 用……辦法；借助……
9．a(chǎn)_great/good_many 許多；很多
10．team_up_with 與……合作或一起工作
[同根短語串記]
串記1.“v.＋out”短語薈萃
①mark out標出……界線 ②turn out結(jié)果是
③make out理解；辨認出 ④work out鍛煉
⑤cut out刪去 ⑥come out 出版；開花
串記2.龐大的“v.＋in”一族
①take in 包括；理解 ②cut in 插嘴；插隊
③consist in在于 ④fit in適應(yīng)
⑤give in屈服；投降 ⑥join in參與
⑦lie in位于；在于 ⑧major in主修
⑨participate in參加 ⑩result in導致

1．the largest population 　　　　人口最多
2．a(chǎn)ttract people from all over the world
吸引來自世界各地的人
3．in the early 16th century 在16世紀早期
4．fight against 同……打仗
5．take their land 奪去了他們的土地
6．despite great hardship 盡管困難重重
7．establish a town of their own 建立了自己的城鎮(zhèn)
8．a(chǎn) mixture of ……的混合體
9．go exploring 去探索
10．a(chǎn)ll sorts of 各種各樣的
11．have a good view of 清楚看到

1．Exactly when the first people arrived in_what_we_now_know_as_California,_no one really knows.
第一批人具體是在什么時候來到我們現(xiàn)在稱之為加利福尼亞的地方的誰也說不清楚。
2．However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。
3．That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
那就是今天有超過40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語作為第一或第二語言的原因。
4. It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.　人們認為，很快，民族融合將空前的大，這樣一來，也就不會再有什么明顯的大種族或大的文化群體，取而代之的將是多種族、多文化的混合體。
5．Built_in_1873,_the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horse-drawn trams.
纜車系統(tǒng)建于1873年，該系統(tǒng)是由安德魯·哈利迪發(fā)明的，他想找到一種比馬拉軌道車更好的交通方式。
[學考對接·活學活用]
高考采擷(一)　完形中的短語(補全句子)
1．(2014·山東高考完形填空)But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had applied_for (申請) a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was refused.
2．(2014·湖北高考完形填空)During the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and live_on (靠……繼續(xù)生存) the little money my wife earned by substitute teaching.
高考采擷(二) 寫作中的短語和句式(補全句子/翻譯句子)
1．(2018·江蘇高考書面表達)當在網(wǎng)上購物時，我過去常常通過咨詢消費排名來做出一些選擇。
When shopping online, I used to make some choices by_means_of_consulting consumption ratings.
2．(2017·北京高考書面表達)這就是為什么我認為沿著長江的旅行是一個更好的選擇。(that's why ...)
That's_why_I_think_the_trip_along_the_Yangtze_River_is_a_better_choice.
3．(2017·天津高考書面表達)除了我的學業(yè)之外，我總是設(shè)法找到時間去做我感興趣的事。 (what引導的賓語從句)
Apart_from_my_academic_studies,_I_always_manage_to_find_time_for_what_I'm_interested_in.
(二)課堂重點釋疑
[短語集釋]
1．by means of通過；用……辦法；借助……
[記牢]
(1)by this means　　　　用這種方法
by all means 當然可以；沒問題
by no means 決不；一點也不(放句首時，句子用部分倒裝語序)
(2)means n. 手段；方法
a means of ……的方式
[練通]
單句語法填空
①We express our thoughts by means of words and body language.
②Only by this means (mean) is it possible to persuade him out of smoking.
③By no means is (be) this a good way to solve the problem.
單句改錯
④Every possible means have been tried, but none has worked.have→has
[寫美]　補全句子
⑤(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)你最好事先練習用筷子，這也是展示你良好的餐桌禮儀的一種方式。
And you'd better practice using chopsticks in advance，which is also a means of showing your good table manners.
2．make a life習慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生
[記牢]
(1)make/earn a/one's living　　　　謀生
(2)live/lead a ...life 過著……生活
come (back) to life 蘇醒；變得活躍；恢復(fù)生氣
bring ... back to life 使……蘇醒過來；給……活力
[練通]
單句語法填空
①She has been looking for part-time babysitting jobs these days to_make (make) a living.
②After the earthquake, the villagers tried their best to bring the village back to life.
補全句子
③When Alice came_to_life,_she did not know how long she had been lying there.
當愛麗絲蘇醒時，她不知道她已經(jīng)在那兒躺了多久。
[寫美]　改寫加彩部分
④In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to adapt to your new life.
→In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to make a life for yourself.
3．take in包括；吸收；理解；欺騙；收留
[辨清]　寫出下列句中take in的含義
①He managed to rent a big enough house to take in some homeless people.收留
②While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.吸收
③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括
④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by cheaters.欺騙
⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解
[記牢]
take off　　　　　脫去(衣服等)；(飛機等)起飛；成功
take on 呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔
take up 拿起；開始從事；占據(jù)(時間、空間等)
take over 接收；接管；接任；取代
[練通]　單句語法填空
⑥In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look.
⑦Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
⑧After taking over the company from his father, he took in some advanced ideas and took on some experienced workers, which suggests that his company will take off soon.
[寫美]　補全句子
⑨(2017·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)我建議你提前了解唐代的歷史，這會幫助你更好地理解你要學的詩歌。
I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which will help you better take　in the poems to be learned.
[句式集釋]
This/That is why ...“這/那就是……的原因”
[教材原句]　That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
[悟拓展例句]
(1)(2015·江蘇高考)The real reason why prices were, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
(2)Seen from space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
(3)Less is more.This is why we say: reduce things by half instead of doubling them.
[析用法規(guī)則]
用法歸納
(1)this/that is because ...　　這/那是因為……
(2)this is the reason why ... 　這就是……的原因
(3)the reason why ... is that ... ……的原因是……(why引導定語從句)
注意事項
表語從句中的why，because以及that可根據(jù)“直譯法”去判斷，也就是語境當中翻譯成“是因為……”就用because，翻譯成“那就是為什么……”就用why，而如果翻譯成“是……”，在表語從句中多用that。
[背寫作佳句]
(1)(2018·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)The reason why we choose this movie is that it represents the development of our beloved school, which is not only interesting but also meaningful. (開頭句)
(2)(2017·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)That's why more and more people are interested in Tang Dynasty.(要點句)
[詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓練]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.選詞填空
take in， by means of， mark out， keep up， team up with， make a life， apply for， a great many
1. A volleyball court had been marked_out on the grass for sport lovers.
2．—How did you make such rapid progress in your English? Do you have any secrets?
—No. Only by_means_of hard working.
3．Mr. Brown sent an email to the manager, applying_for a job in the company.
4．John preferred to go into business alone rather than team_up_with anyone else.
5．It is honorable to make_a_life with your hands while depending on others is a shame.
6．After seeing a_great_many homeless people in the streets, I thought I should do something for them.
7．He tended to work through his lunch hour in an effort to keep_up with his work.
8．It's said that non-smokers who take_in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves.
Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補全句子
1. 人們普遍認為書的影響是如此之大，以至于我們的父母總是鼓勵我們養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習慣，閱讀更多的書籍。(it作形式主語)
It_is_commonly_believed_that_the_influence_of_books_is_so_great that our parents always encourage us to form good habits of reading and to read more books.
2．科學家們最終到達了所謂的北極。(what引導的賓語從句)
The scientists finally arrived in what_was_called_the_Arctic.
3. 被他的行為深深地感動，她決心做一些事情回報社會。(過去分詞作狀語)
Deeply_moved_by_what_he_did,_ she is determined to do something in reward for the society.
4．我讀了你對英語校報的改革方案，那就是我寫信發(fā)表觀點的原因。(why引導的表語從句)
I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and that's why I'm writing to voice my opinion.
5. 他們很可能更理解我們并給我們一些合理的建議。(it is likely that ...)
_It_is_likely_that_they_can_understand_us_better and give us some reasonable advice.
Ⅲ.分步寫作
假定你是李華，你的美國朋友Jack準備到你居住的城市——成都來旅游，請你給他寫一封電子郵件介紹成都的情況，內(nèi)容包括：
1．城市的地位；
2．城市的歷史和人口；
3．景點和美食。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
3．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
參考詞匯：武侯祠 Wuhou Temple
Dear Jack，
I'm really glad that you're coming to Chengdu.Now let me tell you something about it.　

I hope you'll enjoy your stay in Chengdu.
Yours，
Li Hua
第一步：準確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點
1．審題：①文體：介紹信(地點介紹)?、谌朔Q：主要是第三人稱?、蹠r態(tài)：主要是一般現(xiàn)在時
2．本文由于開頭和結(jié)尾部分已給出，且中間部分所給3個要點也比較明確，按這3個要點構(gòu)思即可，不容易遺漏。
要點1：介紹成都這座城市的地位。
要點2：介紹成都的歷史、人口。
要點3：介紹成都的景點和美食(名勝古跡，火鍋和當?shù)匦〕?。
要點1：成都是中國西南地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟和文化中心。
Chengdu_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.
要點2：它有2 300多年的悠久歷史。它的人口超過1 600萬。
It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years.It_has_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.
要點3－①：那里有許多名勝古跡。
There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest.
要點3－②：它因美味的火鍋和當?shù)匦〕远劽?br /> It_is_well-known_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks.
第二步：添加細節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達更亮眼
為了使內(nèi)容更充實，我們需要對要點進行適度的拓展和升級。
1．要點1介紹成都時可以添加同位語“四川省的省會”。
2．要點2用介詞with表示伴隨合并升級。
3．要點3－①“有許多名勝古跡”可用such as來列舉詳細的景點名稱。
4．要點3－②可以添加地點狀語“在國內(nèi)外”。
5．在介紹完成都后可添加總結(jié)句“一旦你來這里，你將不想離開”。
拓展要點1：成都，四川省的省會，是中國西南地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟和文化中心。(同位語)
Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.
升級要點2：它有2 300多年的悠久歷史，人口超過1 600萬。(with表示伴隨)
It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.
拓展要點3－①：那里有許多名勝古跡，例如武侯祠和青城山。(such as)
There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest,_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.
拓展要點3－②：它因美味的火鍋和當?shù)匦〕月劽麌鴥?nèi)外。(home and abroad)
It_is_well-known_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks_both_at_home_and_abroad.
總結(jié)句：一旦你來這里，你將不想離開。(once引導條件狀語從句)
Once_you_come_here,_you_will_never_want_to_leave.
第三步：連句成文，排語句順序，重銜接過渡
本文可以采用“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu)組織全文。在介紹景點和美食之前可以用“It's really a very beautiful city.”總述，然后用besides把要點連接起來。
Dear Jack，
I'm really glad that you're coming to Chengdu.Now let me tell you something about it.
Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.
It's_really_a_very_beautiful_city.There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest,_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.Besides,_it_is_well-known_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks_both_at_home_and_abroad.Once_you_come_here,_you_will_never_want_to_leave.
I hope you will enjoy your stay in Chengdu.
Yours，
Li Hua

掌握閱讀技能之(三)　精讀
精讀是一種為了達到對文章的充分理解而進行的閱讀。具體地說，在理解方面，要求對文章的詞、句、段、篇進行深入地分析和思考。精讀的過程是從形式到內(nèi)容、從內(nèi)容到形式、從部分到整體、從整體到部分的反復(fù)研讀過程。完形填空這種題型是要求精讀的題型。精讀要注意以下幾點：讀思結(jié)合，全面理解、逐次研讀，即逐字逐句，逐段逐章地去鉆研，做到精細理解，全面把握；并對文中的關(guān)鍵詞句，要仔細品味，推敲琢磨，達到理解透徹。
[高考典例]　2012·安徽卷·完形填空
When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly.Then I had a __36__ problem and had to go to hospital for a __37__ examination.
It seemed a small __38__ compared to the one I was about to face, but things started to go __39__ right from the beginning. Not having a car or __40__ the city, I was depending on a couple of buses to get me from A to B．__41__ I'd left myself plenty of time, soon it was __42__ I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the __43__ direction.
I __44__ the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I looked into the eyes of a __45__， who was trying to get past me.__46__， instead of moving on, she stopped to ask if I was __47__.After I explained my __48__ to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, where a bus would take me back into the city to my __49__.Sitting there waiting, I felt __50__ that someone had been willing to help.__51__， hearing a horn (喇叭) nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend __52__ at me to get in.She had returned to offer me a __53__ to the hospital.
Such unexpected __54__ from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive.As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose __55__， for all things are possible.
36．A.physical　　 B．traveling　　
C．social　　 D．housing
37．A.scientific B．final
C．previous D．thorough
38．A.chance B．challenge
C．success D．error
39．A.wrong B．easy
C．fast D．a(chǎn)head
40．A.leaving B．visiting
C．knowing D．a(chǎn)ppreciating
41．A.Although B．Since
C．Unless D．Once
42．A.strange B．necessary
C．obvious D．important
43．A.same B．right
C．general D．opposite
44．A.looked at B．waited for
C．got off D．ran into
45．A.driver B．friend
C．stranger D．gentleman
46．A.Especially B．Surprisingly
C．Probably D．Normally
47．A.nervous B．excited
C．OK D．dangerous
48．A.idea B．motivation
C．excuse D．situation
49．A.appointment B．a(chǎn)partment
C．direction D．station
50．A.afraid B．grateful
C．certain D．disappointed
51．A.Thus B．Then
C．Perhaps D．Surely
52．A.staring B．laughing
C．waving D．shouting
53．A.lift B．suggestion
C．bike D．guidebook
54．A.results B．news
C．kindness D．a(chǎn)ppearance
55．A.power B．faith
C．touch D．support
[四個精讀策略]
1．理清文章所用人稱
本文是以第一人稱即從“參與者”的角度進行敘述，讀者可從字里行間感受到作者的態(tài)度和情感。使用第三人稱的記敘文是以“觀察者”的身份展開敘述，顯得語氣比較客觀。
2．了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)形式
本文按時間先后順序安排情節(jié)和內(nèi)容，其優(yōu)點是條理清楚、層次分明。但是在有些記敘文作者可能會采用插敘甚至倒敘的寫作手法。
3．知曉記敘文六大要素
這篇文章的六個要素為：人物：I and a stranger；時間：when I settled in Chicago；地點：Chicago；事件：去看醫(yī)生途中迷路；原因：had a __36__ problem and had to go to hospital for a __37__ examination；結(jié)果：得到陌生人的幫助。弄清了這六個要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。
4．明確作者寫作目的
就事論事肯定不是記敘的目的，而是通過敘述闡明一個道理。這篇文章的寫作目的在文章的結(jié)尾處，即“..._not_to_lose_faith,_for_all_things_are_possible.”。
[三個精讀步驟]
第一步：速讀全文，理清主線，把握主旨
1．本文的兩條主線：
明線(事件發(fā)展)：生病看醫(yī)生→坐錯公交車→站在路邊不知所措→陌生人提供幫助→到達醫(yī)院；
暗線(心理變化)：感覺到城市的陌生(unfriendly)→遇到問題感到迷茫(not knowing what to do)→得到幫助心情明朗(a lovely gift)
2．文章大意：本文講述了作者初到芝加哥人生地不熟時的一次受人幫助的愉快經(jīng)歷。
第二步：逐句推敲，瞻前顧后，順藤摸瓜
1．逐句推敲，理清聯(lián)系，找出主題句
本文的主題句為：As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose __55__， for all things are possible.
2．瞻前顧后，鎖定信息詞，比對選項
以第一段為例，第一段的信息詞為：so big and unfriendly; go to hospital。
3．順藤摸瓜，敲定答案
由第一段所提供的信息詞可知作者對于這個城市的態(tài)度以及作者的身體狀況，故36題順理成章的應(yīng)選physical“身體的”；選出36空后，順藤摸瓜可知，37空作者去醫(yī)院作“全面的(thorough)”的檢查。
第三步：通讀全文，統(tǒng)籌兼顧，重點擊破
帶著已選答案，迅速通讀全文，著眼一個“通”字，保證語義通順，邏輯合理，符合作者情感歷程軌跡；否則，不通則變，重新考慮所選選項。