一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查
(一)分類記單詞——省時(shí)高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．mat n．　　　席子；墊子
2．beast n. 野獸
3．quilt n. 被子；棉被
4．onion n. 洋蔥
5．skateboard n. 滑板
6．yogurt n. 酸奶；酸乳酪
7．melon n. (各種)瓜
8．wrinkle n. 皺紋
9．spear n. 矛；槍
10．eyebrow n. 眉毛
11．a(chǎn)rrowhead n. 箭頭
12．excavate vt. 挖掘；發(fā)掘
13．craftsmanship n. 技藝；手藝；精工細(xì)作
14．hammer n. 鐵錘；錘子
15．punctuation n. 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號
16．centimetre n. 厘米
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(寫其形)
1．tentative adj. 試探性的；不確定的
2．a(chǎn)cute adj. 有觀察力的；敏銳的；嚴(yán)重的；深刻的
3．a(chǎn)lternative n. 可能的選擇
adj. 供選擇的；其他的
4.somehow adv.　以……方式；不知怎么地
5．regardless adv. 不管；不顧
6．a(chǎn)lbum n. 相冊；集郵冊；唱片
7．a(chǎn)mple adj. 足夠的；充足的；富裕的
8．scratch n. (刮、抓、劃的)痕跡；搔；撓
vt. 搔；抓；擦傷；刮壞
9．dizzy adj.頭暈?zāi)垦５模谎灥?；使人發(fā)暈或困惑的
10．primitive adj. 原始的；遠(yuǎn)古的；簡陋的
11．howl vt.&vi. 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫
n. 長嚎；嗥叫
12．spit vt. 吐出 (唾液、食物等)
vi. 吐痰
13．delete vt. 刪；刪除
14．seashell n. 海貝殼
15．pulse vi. 強(qiáng)烈而有規(guī)律地跳動；搏動
n. 脈搏；節(jié)拍
16．category n. 種類；類別；范疇
17．a(chǎn)rrest vt. 逮捕；吸引
n. 逮捕；拘留
18．kindergarten n. 幼兒園
19．worship vt.&vi. 崇拜；敬奉
n. 崇拜；敬神
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．identify vt.確認(rèn)；識別；鑒別→identification n．辨認(rèn)；鑒定→identity n．身份；一致；同一性
2．a(chǎn)rchaeology n．考古學(xué)→archaeological adj.考古學(xué)的；與考古學(xué)有關(guān)的→archaeologist n．考古學(xué)家
3．starvation n．挨餓；餓死→starve vi.挨餓；餓死
4．a(chǎn)ccuracy n．精確；準(zhǔn)確→accurate adj.準(zhǔn)確的；精確的→accurately adv.準(zhǔn)確地；精確地
5．interrupt vt.&vi.打斷……講話；打岔；暫時(shí)中斷或中止→interruption n．打斷；打岔；插嘴
6．a(chǎn)ssume vt.假定；設(shè)想→assuming conj.假設(shè)→assumption n．設(shè)想；假定；擔(dān)任
7．sharpen vi.&vt.(使)鋒利；尖銳；清晰；削尖→sharp adj.鋒利的→sharpener n．磨具；削具
8．messy adj.凌亂的；臟的→mess n．凌亂；臟
9．botanical adj.植物學(xué)的；與植物學(xué)有關(guān)的→botany n．植物學(xué)
10．a(chǎn)nalysis n．分析→analyses (pl.)→analyse vt.分析
11．ripen vt.&vi.使……成熟；成熟→ripe adj.成熟的
12．significance n．意義；意思；重要性；重要意義→significant adj.重要的
13．systematic adj.有系統(tǒng)的；有計(jì)劃的；有條理的→system n．系統(tǒng)；制度
14．a(chǎn)cademy n．學(xué)院；學(xué)會；學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體；院校→academic adj.學(xué)術(shù)的
15．receptionist n．接待員；招待員→receive v．接收；招待→reception n．接待；接收
16．radioactivity n．放射性→radioactive adj.放射性的；有輻射能的
17．division n．劃分；分割；分配；分界線→divide v．分開；分割；劃分
18．a(chǎn)pplaud vi.&vt.鼓掌歡迎；贊賞→applause n．鼓掌
19．a(chǎn)ccelerate vi.&vt.加速；促進(jìn)→acceleration n．加速
20．skillful adj.有技巧的；熟練的→skill n．技能；技巧→skilled adj.熟練的；有技能的
[語境活用]
1．If you interrupt others' conversation abruptly, you will be to blame for your interruption.(interrupt)
2．Assuming that you are the guide of the foreigners who are to visit our school, how would you prepare for your assumption as the guide? (assume)
3．After the identification of victim's appearance and age, the police identified the identity of the killer. (identify)
4．While calculating the maths problem, you should pay more attention to the accuracy of the numbers, or you can't figure it out accurately.(accurate)
5．The boy needs a pencil sharpener to sharpen his pencil, because the sharpener he has isn't sharp.(sharpen)
6．The kid made a mess in the living room, so his mother asked him to clean the messy living room quickly. (mess)
7．With the teacher's help, I analysed the data of this experiment. The teacher considered my analysis is reasonable. (analyse)
8．The scientists think his invention is of great significance,_because it is significant to cure the patients of deadly disease.(significant)
9．The famous professor made an inspiring academic speech in the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. (academy)
10．The candies were divided out among all the kids, but they could not agree upon the division of them.(divide)
11．He was received by the host and was given a warm reception.(receive)
12．The audience warmly applauded when the performance came to an end, and the applause lasted for several minutes.(applaud)

(二)練中記短語——記牢用活
寫準(zhǔn)記牢
語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)
1.at_most　　　　　　至多；最多
2．cut_up 切碎
3．care_about 在乎；關(guān)心
4．be_aware_of 意識到
5．regardless_of 不管；不顧
6．keep_out 關(guān)在門外；不準(zhǔn)入內(nèi)
7．fed_up_with 受夠了；飽受；厭煩
8．look_ahead 向前看；為將來打算
9．date_from/back_(to_...) 追溯到；始于
10．with/in_relief 輕松地；欣慰地；如釋重負(fù)地
1.When I was fed__up__with listening, I usually entertained myself by reading.
2．Vegetables and meats are cut_up and mixed in various ways into some dishes to serve the guests.
3．The club welcomes all new members regardless__of age and sex.
4．We are fully aware_of the necessity of carrying out a low-carbon economy in our country.
5．It is reported that to build a road, a well-known historical and cultural city has recently been torn down, one of its ancient city walls dating__back_to the Tang Dynasty.

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
很對。正如植物學(xué)的分析結(jié)果已經(jīng)告訴我們的，這兒四周曾是一個很大淺水湖的一部分。
as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。
(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))眾所周知，中國人非常重視良好的餐桌禮儀。
As_is_known_to_all,_Chinese people attach great significance to good table manners.

2.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!
她今年要是早有預(yù)見，計(jì)劃得更好些就好了！
if only ... “要是……就好了”。
要是今年春節(jié)全家能團(tuán)圓就好了！
If_only_the_whole_family_could_be_united during the Spring Festival this year！
3.Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.
她突然坐了下來，結(jié)果被愛吵鬧的妹妹露娜一把抱了起來。
only to do sth.作結(jié)果狀語，表示意料不到的情況。
(2018·浙江高考寫作)我的父親給警察局打電話，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)電話打不通。
My father telephoned the police station, only_to_find_it_couldn't_get_through.

二、課堂重點(diǎn)深化

1．a(chǎn)lternative adj.供選擇的；其他的n.可能的選擇；選擇對象
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating (communicate) with others.
②The App asks its users to report accidents and other road conditions in real time, so other users can avoid the traffic jam by using an alternative route.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
an alternative to 　　　 　　　 ……的替代物(to是介詞)
have the alternative of A or B 要么做A，要么做B；
在A或B二者中選一個
have no alternative/choice/option but to do sth.
別無選擇只好做某事
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
③Thank you for allowing me to describe the situation, where I had no alternative but give up the plan.but后加to
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
④失敗乃成功之母。有時(shí)候，為了成功，我們不得不勇敢地直面失敗并從中吸取教訓(xùn)。
Failure is the mother of success. Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have_no_alternative_but_to_face_failure_bravely_and_learn_from_it.
　[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]　“別無選擇只好做某事”的其他表達(dá)形式：
①can't do sth. but do sth.　?、赾an do nothing but do sth.
2．interrupt vt.& vi.打斷……講話；打岔；暫時(shí)中斷或中止
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①He was writing a poem when he was_interrupted (interrupt) by a knock at the door.
②(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Interruptions (interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)be interrupted by　　　　　 被……打斷/阻斷
interrupt sb./sth. with sth. 用某事打斷某人/某事
(2)interruption n. 打擾；插嘴；打岔；阻斷物
without interruption 連續(xù)地；不斷地
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
③It is not polite to interrupt a speaker about frequent questions.about→with
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
④(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))為了幫助他們更好地了解我們的喝茶文化，我們帶他們?nèi)チ宋覀儗W(xué)校的茶室，在那里，我連續(xù)幾小時(shí)不間斷地向他們介紹了泡茶的歷史和不同種類的茶。
To help them better understand our tea-drinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school, where_I_introduced_the_history_of_tea-making_and_different_kinds_of_tea_to_them_for_several_hours_without_interruption.
3．a(chǎn)ssume vt.假定；設(shè)想
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①If you make an assumption (assume) that something is true or will happen, you accept that it is true or will happen.
②It is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)assume ... to be ...　　　　 假定/假設(shè)……是……
It is assumed that ... 一般認(rèn)為……
(2)assumption n. 假定；假設(shè)；設(shè)想
make an assumption 認(rèn)為；假定
(3)assuming (that) ... 假設(shè)/假定……
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
③假設(shè)你行走的道路是平坦的，你可以按下紅色按鈕，這可以幫助你的鞋子變成一個有兩個滾輪的溜冰鞋，你可以快速到達(dá)目的地。
Assuming_the_road_you_are_walking_on_is_flat,_you can press the red button, which helps your shoes change into a roller skate with two rollers and you can reach your destination quickly.
僻義牢牢記
④I will assume responsibility for any mistakes.承擔(dān)
4．significance n．意義；意思；重要性；重要意義
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
單句語法填空
①In my view, practicing handwriting is of great significance (significant) to the students' growth.
②She showed special concern for the college students and attached much significance to educating (educate) them.
③It is significant (significance) that nowadays fiber is still considered to be an important part of a healthy diet.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)be of significance to ...　 對……有重要意義
attach significance to ... 認(rèn)為……重要(to為介詞)
(2)significant adj. 重要的；明顯的
It is significant that ... 很明顯……
(3)significantly adv. 顯著地；有重大意義地
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
④Significant, he has mistaken you.Significant→Significantly
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
⑤我堅(jiān)信我們越多地了解這個名言的意義，我們在日常學(xué)習(xí)和工作中就會獲益越多。
I_firmly_believe_that_the_more_we_are_aware_of_the_significance_of_this_famous_saying,_the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

1．regardless of不管；不顧
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
despite/in spite of 盡管……(后常接名詞，不接從句)
with regard to 關(guān)于；至于　
[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
單句語法填空
①She is determined to do it regardless of all consequences.
②Dr.Bethune continued working in spite of cutting his hand during an operation.
③With regard to my favorite Chinese poet, I'd like to introduce Du Fu to you.
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
④不管昨天發(fā)生了什么，也不管明天可能發(fā)生或者不會發(fā)生什么，現(xiàn)在才是我們關(guān)注的所在。
Regardless_of_what_happened_yesterday and what may or may not happen tomorrow, the present moment is where we are.
2．date back (to ...)追溯到；始于
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
date from　　　　　　　 追溯到；始于；起源于
out of date 過時(shí)的
up to date (with ...) 趕上(……的)潮流
　[重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化]
單句語法填空
①M(fèi)y interest in stamp collecting dates (date) back to my schooldays.
②Dating (date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city.
③Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up to date with modern technology.
佳句時(shí)時(shí)寫
④(2018·北京高考書面表達(dá))中國飲茶文化源遠(yuǎn)流長，可以追溯到1 000多年前。
Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history dating_back_to_more_than_1,000_years_ago.
[名師指津]　date back to和date from一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；作后置定語時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在分詞。
3．if only ...“要是……就好了”
　[教材原句]　If_only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!
　[自主體驗(yàn)]
①If only he had_lain (lie) quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
②Constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy. If only I had (have) a warm and harmonious family.
　[歸納點(diǎn)撥]
用法規(guī)則
if only ...用來表達(dá)愿望，句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。
(1)if only ... had done ... 表示對與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望
(2)if only ... did ...表示對與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望
(3)if only ... could/would/might do ...表示與將來事實(shí)相反的愿望(不用should)
注意事項(xiàng)
only if 意為“只有……”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。當(dāng)從句位于句首時(shí)，主句要部分倒裝。如：
Only if you are aware of the importance of English can you learn it well.

　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2015·重慶高考寫作)If only I could go back and reset my goals!
②(增分要點(diǎn)句)(2016·北京高考書面表達(dá))In fact, he inspired me to major in English in college.If only I had lived in his times and listened to his guidance.

本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與社會”中的“文化淵源”子話題相對應(yīng)
一、話題語素積累多一點(diǎn)
話題詞匯記一記
子話題(一)　文化淵源
溫故淺易詞匯
①traditional　　?、赾ustom　　③mainly
④behavior ⑤colorful ⑥pride
⑦successful ⑧represent
識記生疏詞匯
①unique adj.獨(dú)特的　　?、趕ymbol n．象征
③gesture n．姿態(tài) ④occasion n．場合
⑤feast n．盛宴；宴會 ⑥r(nóng)ank n．職銜；軍銜
⑦status n．地位；身份 ⑧preference n．偏愛
⑨appearance n．外表 ⑩title n．頭銜
?emphasize v．強(qiáng)調(diào) ?similar adj.相似的
?regard v．看作 ?diversity n．多元化

子話題(二)　考古
溫故淺易詞匯
①resource　　　　②ancient　　　?、踳isdom
④historical ⑤natural ⑥protect
⑦repair ⑧damage
識記生疏詞匯
①heritage n．遺產(chǎn)　　　?、赾ivilization n．文明
③indicator n．標(biāo)志 ④destruction n．毀壞
⑤wisdom n．智慧 ⑥insight v．見識
⑦awareness n．意識 ⑧regional adj.地區(qū)的
⑨remains n．遺跡 ⑩distinction n．區(qū)別
?forefather n．祖先 ?relics n．遺址
?original adj.基本的 ?preserve v．保護(hù)

常用詞塊憶一憶
①a cultural phenomenon　　　　　 文化現(xiàn)象
②have a good command of 精通
③be proud of 以……為榮
④contribute to 有助于
⑤carry forward 弘揚(yáng)
⑥follow a custom 遵循習(xí)俗
⑦eye contact 眼神交流
⑧a facial expression 面部表情
⑨historical development 歷史發(fā)展
⑩behave well/badly 舉止良好/不好
?multicultural society 多元文化社會
?cultural background 文化背景
?remove prejudice and misunderstanding
　　　　　　　　　　 消除偏見和誤解
?the significance of cultural heritage protection
文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的重要性

寫作佳句背一背
①It was our ancestors who invented the paper-making, the compass and so on.
②Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors, so we must unite together to protect them.
③The most important reason for such a visit is to realize how our ancestors battled against nature with the basic tools they had.
二、話題書面表達(dá)亮一點(diǎn)
[題目要求]
請根據(jù)以下提示，寫一篇介紹“大克鼎”的英語短文。
1．大克鼎1890年出土于陜西省扶風(fēng)縣，可追溯到西周后期，現(xiàn)收藏于上海博物館。
2．大克鼎由青銅鑄造，高93.1厘米，重201.5千克。
3．在原始社會，鼎是社會地位和權(quán)力的象征，也用于烹飪和祭祀。大克鼎一直被認(rèn)為是研究西周經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的重要物品。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
參考詞匯：大克鼎Da Keding　青銅bronze　西周Western Zhou Dynasty　出土于unearth　用于祭獻(xiàn)的sacrificial

[寫作4步走]
第一步：句寫對——給詞寫句
(用方框內(nèi)的詞匯翻譯句子)
date back to, preserve, represent, weigh, status, ceremony, significant, regard, precious, treasure, cooking, be made of　
1．大克鼎1890年出土于陜西省扶風(fēng)縣。
Da_Keding_was_unearthed_in_Fufeng_County,_Shaanxi_Province_in_1890.
2．它追溯到西周后期。
It_dates_back_to_the_late_Western_Zhou_Dynasty.
3．它現(xiàn)在保存在上海博物館。
It_is_now_preserved_in_Shanghai_Museum.
4．大克鼎由青銅鑄造。它高93.1厘米，重201.5千克。
Da_Keding_is_made_of_bronze.It_is_93.1_centimetres_high_and_weighs_201.5_kilograms.
5．鼎是社會地位和權(quán)力的象征，也用于烹飪和祭祀儀式。
Ding_was_used_to_represent_the_social_status_and_power_of_its_owner_and_was_also_used_for_cooking_and_sacrificial_ceremonies.
6．大克鼎在西周有重大意義。
Da Keding is very significant during the Western Zhou Dynasty.
7．人們一直認(rèn)為它是珍寶之一。
People_have_been_regarding_it_as_one_of_the_precious_treasures.
第二步：量寫夠——語句擴(kuò)充
8．在句5中加入定語從句“正如我們所知道的”和狀語“在原始社會”。
As_we_all_know,_in_primitive_society,_Ding_was____used_to_represent_the_social_status_and_power_of_its_owner_and_was_also_used_for_cooking_and_sacrificial_ceremonies.
9．在句6中加入“對經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的研究”。
Da_Keding_is_very_significant_to_the_study_of_the_economy_and_culture_during_the_Western_Zhou_Dynasty.
10．在句7中加入定語“對于中國歷史的研究”。
People_have_been_regarding_it_as_one_of_the_precious_treasures_to_the_study_of_Chinese_history.
第三步：語寫美——詞句升格
1．用定語從句合并句1和句2。
Da_Keding,_which_dates_back_to_the_late_Western_Zhou_Dynasty，was_unearthed_in_Fufeng_County，Shaanxi_Province_in_1890.
2．用非謂語動詞改寫句4。
Made_of_bronze，Da_Keding_is_93.1_centimetres_high_and_weighs_201.5_kilograms.
3．用not only ...but also ...改寫句8。
As_we_all_know,_in_primitive_society,_Ding_was_not_only_used_to_represent_the_social_status_and_power_of_its_owner_but_also_used_for_cooking_and_sacrificial_ceremonies.
4．用be of significance代替be significant升級句9。
Da_Keding_is_of_great_significance_to_the_study_of_the_economy_and_culture_during_the_Western_Zhou_Dynasty.

第四步：篇連順——銜接成文
用therefore， and等詞匯連句成文。
Da_Keding,_which_dates_back_to_the_late_Western_Zhou_Dynasty,_was_unearthed_in_Fufeng_County,_Shaanxi_Province_in_1890.It_is_now_preserved_in_Shanghai_Museum.
Made_of_bronze,_Da_Keding_is_93.1_centimetres_high_and_weighs_201.5_kilograms.As_we_all_know,_in_primitive_society，Ding_was_not_only_used_to_represent_the_social_status_and_power_of_its_owner_but_also_used_for_cooking_and_sacrificial_ceremonies.Therefore,_Da_Keding_is_of_great_significance_to_the_study_of_the_economy_and_culture_during_the_Western_Zhou_Dynasty.And_people_have_been_regarding_it_as_one_of_the_precious_treasures_to_the_study_of_Chinese_history.

一、復(fù)現(xiàn)單元考點(diǎn)——增強(qiáng)備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空
1．(2018·江蘇高考)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic (system) project which calls for a clear road map and timetable.
2．(2017·江蘇高考)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation (starve)．
3．(2017·江蘇高考)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations (explain) are hard to find.
4．(2016·江蘇高考)More efforts, as reported, will be made in the years ahead to_accelerate (accelerate) the supply-side structural reform.
5．(2015·湖南高考)You need to learn how to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also, you need to check the accuracy (accurate) of it.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(選用date, significance, messy, regardless of填空)
1．(2016·浙江高考完形填空)I was just astonished at the question in my own mind. I was dumbfounded (驚呆) at the __54__ of it. Yes, you can fool everyone else, but you cannot “fool the chickens”， because in the end, you will find out, as the saying goes, “What goes around comes around.”significance
2．(2014·廣東高考完形填空)According to a recent research, the most common argument between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over __3__ rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children's refusal to help with the housework.messy
3．(2014·陜西高考完形填空)The man bent down and gave his wife the flower, telling her who it was from. __43__ being badly hurt, the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.regardless_of
4．(2012·北京高考完形填空)In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a reality: I became a member of the company __41__ back to 1925.dating

二、復(fù)現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準(zhǔn)度
新高考下的命題新視角：十八大以來，習(xí)近平總書記在多個場合談到中國傳統(tǒng)文化，表達(dá)了自己對傳統(tǒng)文化、傳統(tǒng)思想價(jià)值體系的認(rèn)同與尊崇，展現(xiàn)了中國政府與人民的精神志氣，提振了中華民族的文化自信。高考圍繞此話題進(jìn)行命題，旨在讓考生通過學(xué)習(xí)和了解國內(nèi)外文化的背景知識，全面了解文化的發(fā)展和遷移，進(jìn)而提高民族使命感和自豪感。

[話題感悟]
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，活學(xué)活用記憶更深
(加藍(lán)詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時(shí)請揣摩其用法)
(2018·浙江高考)[1]As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(裝配線)on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
[2]Modern America was born on the road，behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American — going forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a neverending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
[3]In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farmbased society into an industrial power.
[4]The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
[5]The problems of excessive (過度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L．Friedman.He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
[6]Friedman points out that the green economy (經(jīng)濟(jì)) is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國經(jīng)典的“汽車文化”，它對美國各方面的影響是巨大而深遠(yuǎn)的。汽車給美國人民帶來了便利，把美國從一個以農(nóng)業(yè)為主的國家變成一個工業(yè)大國，汽車成為美國社會的一個文化符號。但與此同時(shí)，汽車也帶來了很多問題，例如能源的過度消耗、氣候變化以及污染等。
1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To explain Americans' love for travelling by car.
B．To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C．To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D．To praise the effectiveness of America's road system.
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture ...even the hamburger.”可知，汽車塑造了某些最持久的美國文化，其中就包括漢堡。故選B項(xiàng)。
2．What has the use of cars in America led to?
A．Decline of economy.
B．Environmental problems.
C．A shortage of oil supply.
D．A farmbased society.
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知，驅(qū)動美國夢的汽車導(dǎo)致了全球性的生態(tài)災(zāi)難，即汽車的使用引起了環(huán)境問題。故選B項(xiàng)。
3．What is Friedman's attitude towards America's future?
A．Ambiguous.　　　　　 B．Doubtful.
C．Hopeful. D．Tolerant.
解析：選C　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy (經(jīng)濟(jì)) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，F(xiàn)riedman 認(rèn)為綠色經(jīng)濟(jì)是使美國保持實(shí)力的一個機(jī)遇。由此可知，他對美國的未來充滿了希望。故選C項(xiàng)。
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
推理判斷技法(11)——根據(jù)干擾項(xiàng)的4大特征解題
(1)與常識相吻合，但并不是從文章內(nèi)容推知的，不是基于文章，如上文1題中的C項(xiàng)；
(2)看似從文章推斷出來的結(jié)論，然而實(shí)際上與文章不符，如上文第1題中的A項(xiàng)；
(3)推理過頭，引申過度，偏離文章主題，屬主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，如上文第1題中的D項(xiàng)；
(4)是文章內(nèi)容的簡單重述，而非推斷出來的結(jié)論，把直接表達(dá)當(dāng)作間接推理。


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