一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．a(chǎn)lcohol n．　　　　　　　　 酒；酒精
2．a(chǎn)lcoholic adj. 酒精的
3．immune adj. 有免疫力的
4．spill vi. __溢出；灑落
vt. 使溢出；使灑落
5．pregnant adj. 懷孕的
6．a(chǎn)bnormal adj. 畸形的；異常的
7．obesity n. (過(guò)度)肥胖；肥胖癥
8．comprehension n. 理解(力)
9．fitness n. 健康
10．robbery n. 搶劫；盜竊
11．pill n. 藥丸；藥片
12．needle n. 針；(注射器的)針頭
13．prejudice n. 偏見；成見
14．a(chǎn)wkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
15．a(chǎn)dolescent n. 青少年
adj. 青春期的
16．a(chǎn)dolescence n. 青春期
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．a(chǎn)buse n. & vt. 濫用；虐待
2．ban vt. 禁止；取締
n. 禁令；譴責(zé)
3．due adj. 欠款的；預(yù)定的；到期的
4．tough adj. 困難的；強(qiáng)硬的
5．quit vt. 停止(做某事)；離開
6．cigarette n. 香煙；紙煙
7．a(chǎn)ccustom vt. 使習(xí)慣于
8．a(chǎn)ccustomed adj. 慣常的；習(xí)慣了的
9．unfit adj. 不健康的；不合適的；
不合格的
10．lung n. 肺
11．packet n. 小包；小盒
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．a(chǎn)utomatic adj.無(wú)意識(shí)的；自動(dòng)的→automatically adv.無(wú)意識(shí)地；自動(dòng)地
2．mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上→physical adj.(反義詞)身體的；肉體的
3．breath n．呼吸→__breathe v．呼吸→breathless adj.氣喘吁吁的；屏息的
4．strength n．力氣，力量；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)→strengthen vt.加強(qiáng)；鞏固；使堅(jiān)強(qiáng) vi.變強(qiáng)
5．disappoint vt.使失望；使掃興→disappointed adj.失望的；沮喪的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮喪
6．relax v．使放松→relaxed adj.輕松的→relaxing adj.使人放松的→relaxation n．放松；松弛
7．weak adj.虛弱的→weaken vi.動(dòng)搖；減弱 vt.(使)變?nèi)酢鷚eakness n．弱點(diǎn)
8．legal adj.合法的→illegal adj.不合法的；違法的
9．judge n．裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決→judgement n．看法；判決；判斷
10．embarrass v．使尷尬；使局促不安；使困窘→embarrassed adj.尷尬的；陷入困境的→embarrassment n．窘迫；難堪
11．a(chǎn)ddict vt.使上癮 n．有癮的人→addicted adj.入了迷的；上了癮的→addiction n．沉溺；嗜好→addictive adj.使人上癮的
12．effect n．結(jié)果；效力；影響→effective adj.有效的；有影響的→affect vt.影響
13．stress n．壓力；重音 vt.加壓力于；使緊張→stressful adj.產(chǎn)生壓力的；緊張的→stressed adj.焦慮不安的
14．shame n．羞恥；羞愧→shameful adj.可恥的；不道德的→shameless adj.無(wú)恥的；厚顏的→ashamed adj.感到慚愧或羞恥的
15．chemist n．藥劑師；化學(xué)家→chemical adj.化學(xué)的 n．化學(xué)制品→chemistry n．化學(xué)

1.人生歷程
①baby　　　 　　　　 嬰兒
②kid/child 小孩
③junior 年少者；地位較低者；小學(xué)生
④youth/teenager/adolescent
青少年
⑤adult 成人
⑥a middle－aged person 中年人
⑦senior citizen/the elderly/the aged
老年人
2.性格多變，讓人難以捉摸
①bad－tempered　　　　 脾氣暴躁的；易怒的
②sweet－tempered　 性情溫和的
③kind－h(huán)earted 好心的
④open－minded　 虛心的
⑤easy－going 隨和的
⑥outgoing　 外向的
⑦strong－willed　 意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的
⑧narrow－minded　 心胸狹窄的
3.否定前綴un－高頻形容詞一覽
①unfit　　　　 不健康的；不合適的；不合格的
②unfair　 不公平的
③unusual　 不尋常的
④unfriendly　 不友好的
⑤unfortunate　 不幸的
⑥uncomfortable　　 不舒服的
⑦unimportant　　 不重要的
⑧uncertain　　 不確定的
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．due__to　　　　　　　　　　 由于……
2．(be)__addicted__to　 對(duì)……有癮
3．(be)__accustomed__to　 習(xí)慣于……
4．decide__on　 對(duì)……作出決定
5．feel__like__(doing)　 想要(做)……
6．in__spite__of　 不顧；不管
7．take__risks__(a__risk)　 冒險(xiǎn)
8．get__into 陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣)
9．a(chǎn)t__risk　 處境危險(xiǎn)；遭受危險(xiǎn)
10．throw__away 扔掉

1.“因?yàn)?；由于……”薈萃
①due to　　　　　　　　　 由于；因?yàn)?br /> ②because of　 由于；因?yàn)?br /> ③owing to　　 由于；因?yàn)?br /> ④thanks to　　 多虧；由于
⑤on account of　　 由于
⑥as a result of　　 由于……的原因
2.get into相關(guān)短語(yǔ)面面觀
①get into debt　　　　　　　　 負(fù)債累累
②get into trouble　 陷入困境
③get into shape　　 使健康狀況良好；健美
④get into a panic　 陷入恐慌
⑤get into a habit　 養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣
⑥get into drugs　　 染上毒品
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
As__you__know,__if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
正如你知道的，如果你反反復(fù)復(fù)地做同一件事，你就會(huì)自動(dòng)地做它。
句型2：It is/was time to do sth.該到做某事的時(shí)候了
When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it__was__time__to__quit__smoking．
當(dāng)我因?yàn)樯眢w不健康而被學(xué)校足球隊(duì)除名時(shí)，我意識(shí)到是時(shí)候戒煙了。
句型3：“do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句；“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋as...”結(jié)構(gòu)
I do__hope so because I want you to live as__long__and__healthy__a__life__as I have.
我的確希望如此，因?yàn)槲蚁胱屇愫臀乙粯踊畹媒】甸L(zhǎng)壽。
句型4：It is...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that__a__person__begins__to__look__sick. 　只有當(dāng)這種病毒發(fā)展成艾滋病時(shí)，人才會(huì)顯出病態(tài)。

二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax(放松) and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, but also mentally(精神上) in the past few years.
3．As far as I’m concerned, it is not wise to quit(放棄) your job and stay at home to be a housewife.
4．The paper is due(到期的) next month，and I am working seven days a week, often long into the night.
5．It has been proved by facts that watching violence on TV has a bad effect(影響) on the development of children.
6．The man had so little education that he was unfit(fit) for this job.
7．(2019·江蘇卷)Large human brains consume more food, and weaken(weak) muscles.
8．You should be ashamed(羞恥的) of yourself for telling such lies.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀D)Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. 青少年時(shí)期
2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀C)There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. 局促不安的
3．(2017·浙江卷6月閱讀C)Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. 困難的
4．(2017·天津卷完形)Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician(內(nèi)科醫(yī)生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and healthy meals. 健康
Ⅲ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．After a stressful week of work, all the employees were extremely stressed and tired.They complained that few could work efficiently under stress．(stress)
2．The addictive cigarette can addict people, so once you are addicted to smoking cigarettes, it’s extremely difficult to fight your addiction．(addict)
3．If we strengthen our physical exercise，we will get stronger and are full of strength all day long.(strong)
4．To my parents’ disappointment，my disappointing maths grade greatly disappointed my parents, and their disappointed look urged me to study harder then.(disappoint)
5．After hearing some relaxing music，she felt quite relaxed,__and there was a relaxed expression on her face.(relax)
6．As we all know, everyone has both strengths and weaknesses.Therefore, we shouldn’t look down upon whoever looks weak. (weak)
Ⅳ.選詞成篇
be aware of; feel ashamed of; take risks; get into; due to; be accustomed to; be addicted to
As we all know, any person who 1.gets__into the bad habit of smoking will 2.be__addicted__to nicotine. They believe that they are enjoying life instead of 3.taking__risks. In my opinion, the reason why the smokers don’t quit smoking is that they just want to relieve their heavy stress. For most smokers, they 4.are__aware__of the harmful effect of smoking, and they are trying to make some change.
Sometimes, the smokers also 5.feel__ashamed__of their bad behavior. Although they desire to live as healthy a life as the non－smokers, they may not have courage to give up smoking. Maybe it’s all 6.due__to the fact that they 7.are__accustomed__to their life for a long time. I’d appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to break away from the bad habit of smoking.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2017·北京卷書面表達(dá))正如我們所知道的，長(zhǎng)江是亞洲最長(zhǎng)的河流，擁有許多旅游景點(diǎn)。
As__we__know,__the Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and has many tourist attractions.
2．事實(shí)上，戒掉一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣付出的努力與養(yǎng)成一個(gè)好習(xí)慣付出的努力是一樣的。
As a matter of fact, getting rid of a bad habit is as__much__an__effort__as forming a good one.
3．正是我的信心和決心使我取得了成功。
It__was__my__confidence__and__determination__that led to my success.
4．關(guān)上電腦。 是我們?cè)撋洗菜X的時(shí)候了。
Switch off the computer.It__is__time__for__us__to__go__to__bed．
5．我的確希望您能考慮我的申請(qǐng)。
I do__hope you can take my application into consideration.

stress　n．壓力；重音；重點(diǎn)　vt.使緊張；重讀；強(qiáng)調(diào)；加壓力于
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
②Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed(stress) in their studies.
③Most doctors and nurses live under stressful(stress) conditions.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④正如多次強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)你們今后的職業(yè)發(fā)展非常重要。
As__has__been__stressed__many__times,__learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.

(1)under stress 　　　　　　 在壓力之下
lay/put stress on sth. 強(qiáng)調(diào)某事物
(2)stressful adj. 有壓力的(指物)
stressed adj. 有壓力的(指人)　
[佳句背誦] Last weekend, we started a campaign with the theme “Working is most beautiful” and stressed the importance of working with our own hands. 　上周末，我們以“勞動(dòng)最光榮”為主題發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了親手勞動(dòng)的重要性。(2019·北京卷書面表達(dá))
due　adj.欠款的；預(yù)定；預(yù)計(jì)；到期的；應(yīng)付的
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中due to 或due的含義
①(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time. 因?yàn)?br /> ②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week.預(yù)計(jì)
③The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.到期的
④The old man said the accident was due to careless driving, so a lot of money was due to be paid by the driver. 由于__應(yīng)支付

(1)be due to do sth. 　預(yù)定做某事
(2)(be) due to sb. 應(yīng)支付/給予/歸于某人
(be) due to sth. 由于/因?yàn)槟呈隆?
[佳句背誦] I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.　我想我之所以長(zhǎng)壽而且精力充沛，一定要?dú)w功于我的健康生活。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 表示“由于；因?yàn)椤钡钠渌陶Z(yǔ)：on account of, because of, as a result of等。
addicted　adj.入了迷的；上了癮的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Now I work in a centre for drug addicts(addict), helping others to stop taking drugs.
②She kicked her three－pack－a－day cigarette habit, and overcame her addiction(addict) to alcohol.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
很多孩子沉迷于上網(wǎng)，以致他們對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)失去了興趣。
③Many kids become/are/get__addicted__to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study. (addicted)
④Many kids addict__themselves__to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study. (addict)
⑤Addicted__to surfing the Internet, many kids have lost interest in study. (分詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)be/become/get addicted to
　　　　　　　 　 沉溺于……；對(duì)……上癮
(2)addict vt. 使沉溺；使上癮
n． 有癮的人
addict oneself to sth. 某人沉溺于某事
(3)addiction n． 癮；入迷；嗜好　
[佳句背誦] Learning that you are addicted to table tennis, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.
得知你沉醉于乒乓球，我寫信真誠(chéng)地邀請(qǐng)你加入我們學(xué)校的乒乓球隊(duì)。(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))
accustomed　adj.慣常的；習(xí)慣了的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
②For those accustomed(accustom) to a comfortable life, the change to remote areas must have been very hard indeed.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
這位老人習(xí)慣于住在農(nóng)村，他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難適應(yīng)城市的生活。
③The old man is__accustomed__to__living__in__the__countryside,__and he finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.
④Accustomed__to__living__in__the__countryside,__the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city. (分詞作狀語(yǔ))
⑤Having__accustomed__himself__to__living__in__the__countryside,__the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.
　　　　　　　 習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表示狀態(tài))
get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.
習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表示動(dòng)作)
(2)accustom vt. 　 使習(xí)慣于
accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.
使某人/自己習(xí)慣于(做)某事　
[佳句背誦] He quickly accustomed himself to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college. 　他很快適應(yīng)了大學(xué)里的濃厚的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍和豐富多彩的活動(dòng)。
effect　n．結(jié)果；效力；影響
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/對(duì)比填空
①It won’t be easy to put the changes into effect, so we must spare no effort to do it.
②The effective way to kill the pest has a disastrous effect on the environment, affecting the balance of nature. (effect；affect；effective)
[能力提升]——微寫作
③(2018·北京卷書面表達(dá))我介紹了制茶的歷史，這對(duì)他們更好地理解我們的飲茶文化有很大的影響。
I introduced the history of tea－making，which__has__a__great__effect__on__them__to better understand our tea－drinking culture.

(1)take effect 　　　　 生效；見效
have an effect/influence on/upon...
對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響
put...into effect 實(shí)施；使……生效/起作用
side effect 副作用
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影響的
(3)affect vt. 影響　
[佳句背誦] There is no denying that reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on the children.　不可否認(rèn)，閱讀傳統(tǒng)文化的書籍會(huì)對(duì)兒童有良好的影響。
ashamed　adj.感到慚愧或羞恥的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He felt ashamed of cheating in the exam, determined never to do such things again.
②It is a shame that a good student should do something like that.
③It is shameful(shame) to break school rules, to be selfish or to make little effort to achieve progress.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④讀了上面如此多的媽媽們的共同的抱怨，我感到羞愧和內(nèi)疚。
Having read about the above common complaint from so many mothers, I__feel__ashamed__and__guilty．

(1)be ashamed to do... 恥于做……；因難為情而不愿做……
feel/be ashamed of (doing) sth.
為(做)某事感到羞愧
(2)It’s a shame that.../What a shame that...
……真讓人遺憾。
(3)shameful adj. 可恥的；不道德的　
[佳句背誦] In my opinion，you should be ashamed of your foolish behaviour.
依我看來(lái)，你應(yīng)該對(duì)自己愚蠢的行為感到羞恥。
take risks(a risk)　冒險(xiǎn)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)They were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.
②He got well－prepared for the job interview，for he couldn’t risk losing(lose) the good opportunity.
[能力提升]——微寫作
③(江蘇卷書面表達(dá))交通問題不僅影響我們的日常生活，而且還使人們的生命處于危險(xiǎn)之中。
Not only does the traffic issue affect our daily life, but it also__puts__people’s__lives__at__risk．

(1)at risk 　　　　　　 有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；處境危險(xiǎn)
at the risk of... 冒著……的危險(xiǎn)
run the risk (of doing sth.)
冒險(xiǎn)(做某事)
put...at risk 讓……處于危險(xiǎn)之中
(2)risk doing sth. 冒險(xiǎn)做某事　
[佳句背誦] He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.
他覺得他應(yīng)該做好每一步的決定，而不是冒險(xiǎn)。
get into　陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用get的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空
①If you get__into trouble, we are willing to help you out.
②A smile can help us get__through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers.
③After Christmas I’m going to get__down__to some serious job－h(huán)unting.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④回顧過(guò)去的幾年，朋友給了我那么多的幫助，我才能克服我不得不面對(duì)的困難。
Looking back on my past few years，friends gave me so much help that I could get__over__difficulties which I had to face with.

(1)get into debt 　　　　　 負(fù)債累累
get into trouble 陷入困境；惹上麻煩
get into the habit of 養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣
(2)get across 使被理解
get along with 與……相處
get over 克服；恢復(fù)
get down to 開始做……　
[佳句背誦] I have got into the habit of playing basketball since it has been giving me strength to face the challenges in my life.
我已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了打籃球的習(xí)慣，因?yàn)樗o了我力量去面對(duì)生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))

“do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句；“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋as...”結(jié)構(gòu)
(教材P18)I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的確希望如此，因?yàn)槲蚁胱屇愫臀乙粯踊畹媒】甸L(zhǎng)壽。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))I do sincerely hope that you can take my application into account at your earliest convenience.
②To our joy, he did manage to finish the task ahead of schedule.
③We wanted him to have __as full a life as possible, not different from what we want for our other two sons.
④As a matter of fact, I can’t afford as expensive a car as his.
[能力提升]——微寫作
⑤(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))在我們校園里，打乒乓球和踢足球一樣受歡迎。
Playing ping－pong is as__popular__an__activity__as playing football in our campus.

(1)“do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，意為“確實(shí)；的確”，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣，但須符合以下條件：
①句子是肯定句；
②句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
(2)as＋adj.＋a(n)＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋as...像……一樣……　
[佳句背誦] ①I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt the proverb to serve as a reminder.　我很珍惜這個(gè)受教育的機(jī)會(huì)，我總是用這句諺語(yǔ)來(lái)提醒自己。
②The young man hopes to live as simple a life as his grandpa.
這個(gè)年輕人希望過(guò)和他爺爺一樣簡(jiǎn)樸的生活。

Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．(2019·北京卷)They are extremely important in the safe and effective(effect) running of our programmes.
2．(2018·浙江卷6月)He said that if he quit(quit) the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed.
3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)The city was crowded with disappointed(disappoint) people with no interest in settling down.
4．In the questionnaire, the subjects are questioned whether they advocate banning(ban) cars in the city center.
5．A regular and busy life is wonderful, although it’s hard and stressful(stress)．
6．He only gave an embarrassed(embarrass) smile when I spilled the water onto him.
7．I was once ashamed to__admit(admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
8．They hurried to catch the train due to__leave(leave) at 4：15 in the afternoon.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．We made a great deal of money, so we decided that it was time to__set(set) sail for home.
2．He doesn’t want to take a risk of losing his job, especially since he became the main source of family’s income.
3．Generally speaking, boys are addicted to__playing(play) computer games while girls prefer chatting online.
4．Due to the fast rhythm of modern life, more and more people are living under great stress.
5．(2019·北京卷書面表達(dá))We do hope there will be more meaningful activities in the coming future.
Ⅲ.熟詞生義(根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義)
1．The manager is desperate for a relaxing holiday after a year’s work. adj.渴望的
2．His parents’ disapproval didn’t weaken his determination to go abroad. vt.動(dòng)搖
3．(2017·北京卷閱讀B)TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month. n．成功；紅極一時(shí)的事

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
(一)
Adolescents usually feel like 1.deciding(decide)on everything themselves, especially when they feel 2.stressed(stress). And when they meet with problems connected with sex, they will feel 3.ashamed(shame) and embarrassed. In their spare time, they may 4.automatically(automatic) become addicted to 5.playing(play) computer games or smoking cigarettes, the latter of which, particularly, will hurt their 6.lungs(lung).
(二)
When at meeting, the manager often stressed the importance of honesty, and banned his staff 1.from telling lies. However, he himself often 2.abused(abuse) his power, which annoyed the staff much. Therefore, when he quit 3.working(work) as a manager, all the workers were wildly cheerful.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
假設(shè)你是李華，由于各種原因，你校的許多同學(xué)養(yǎng)成了熬夜的習(xí)慣，熬夜會(huì)對(duì)健康造成很大的危害。請(qǐng)你以“The Harmful Effects of Staying Up Late”為題，寫一篇英語(yǔ)短文，給你校英文內(nèi)刊投稿，以使熬夜的同學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)到熬夜的危害并改掉這一不良習(xí)慣。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①由于各種原因，許多學(xué)生養(yǎng)成了熬夜的習(xí)慣。
For various reasons, many students have__got__into__the__habit__of__staying__up__late．
②熬夜是個(gè)壞習(xí)慣，對(duì)健康有很壞的影響。
Staying up late is a bad habit, which__has__bad__effects__on__our__health．
③熬夜不僅導(dǎo)致缺乏精力而且使我們頭疼并無(wú)法在課上專心致志。
It will not only lead__to__a__lack__of__energy but also cause us to suffer from headaches and be unable to concentrate on our lessons.
④長(zhǎng)期熬夜會(huì)減弱記憶，并對(duì)視力和肝臟有害。
Long－time staying up late will weaken__our__memory,__and do harm to eyesight as well as liver.
⑤習(xí)慣熬夜的人可能會(huì)患有其他疾病。
Those__who__are__accustomed__to__staying__up__late__are__more__likely__to__suffer__from__other__diseases.
⑥是我們停止熬夜并采用健康的生活方式的時(shí)候了。
It__is__high__time__that__we__adopted__a__healthy__lifestyle__and__quitted/gave__up__staying__up__late.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑦用定語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)句①
There__are__various__reasons__why__many__students__have__got__into__the__habit__of__staying__up__late.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：actually, to begin with, additionally, what’s worse, therefore)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
The Harmful Effects of Staying Up Late
There are various reasons why many students have got into the habit of staying up late. Actually, staying up late is a bad habit, which has bad effects on our health.
To begin with, it will not only lead to a lack of energy but also cause us to suffer from headaches and be unable to concentrate on our lessons. Additionally, long－time staying up late will weaken our memory, and do harm to eyesight as well as liver. What’s worse, those who are accustomed to staying up late are more likely to suffer from other diseases.
Therefore, it is high time that we adopted a healthy lifestyle and quitted/gave up staying up late.

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·金華高三模擬)Among all the superfoods and fashionable diets, one style of eating consistently comes out on top as the best: the Mediterranean diet. In 2019, it was ranked as the best diet to try by U．S. News & World Report.
The Mediterranean diet places an emphasis on fresh, colorful eating and avoids heavily processed ingredients(原料). This way of eating focuses on foods like olive oil, nuts, fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains and fish. Wine is part of the typical Mediterranean diet, too, but you should drink it in a small quantity. This style of diet can also include some milk, chicken and duck—but, like wine, these are usually limited.
In a 2013 study in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that people on a Mediterranean diet were far less likely to have a heart attack, stroke or other cardiovascular(心血管的) event than people who ate a low-fat diet. The study participants who ate a Mediterranean diet together with olive oil or nuts saw their risk of cardiovascular disease drop by 30 percent.
In another study, those who most closely followed a Mediterranean diet had a lower body mass index(BMI) and better body shape than those who adapted the diet’s style the least. This is likely because the diet is high in vitamin C and vitamin E. Also, it’s packed with fiber, a nutrient known for keeping you full.
A 2016 review of 18 studies in Frontiers in Nutrition found that eating Mediterranean, like having an anti-aging journey, was associated with less cognitive(認(rèn)知的) decline, reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease, and better memory and controlling function. Additional research in the journal Neurology likened the diet’s effects to reducing the brain’s age by five years.
With all of these privileges, it makes sense that you may want to start a Mediterranean diet.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了地中海飲食的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
1．Which of the following belongs to the Mediterranean diet?
A．Plenty of milk products.
B．Colorful heavily processed foods.
C．Enough fresh fruits, vegetables and legumes.
D．Large amounts of whole grain, fish and wine.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“This way of eating focuses on foods like olive oil, nuts, fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains and fish.”可知，新鮮水果、蔬菜和豆類屬于地中海飲食。
2．What does the underlined word “l(fā)ikened” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Enjoyed.　　　　　　　　 B．Weakened.
C．Increased. D．Compared.
D　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第一句和對(duì)全文的整體理解可知，本文主要在說(shuō)明地中海飲食的優(yōu)勢(shì)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境“Additional research”可推知，此處是進(jìn)一步佐證這種觀點(diǎn)。結(jié)合畫線詞所在句句意可推知，畫線詞有“類比”的含義，故選D。
3．What is the purpose of the author in writing this text?
A．To introduce a well-received diet.
B．To persuade the readers to eat regularly.
C．To stress the importance of eating well.
D．To describe different diets and their effects.
A　解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)首段點(diǎn)題和最后一段“With all of these privileges, it makes sense that you may want to start a Mediterranean diet.”以及文章的其他內(nèi)容可推知，本文旨在推薦一種受歡迎的飲食方式，即地中海飲食，故選A。
B
On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices(設(shè)備) and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.
Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains, is important for critical(有判斷力的) thinking, problem-solving and decision-making.
So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15，000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.
Take Carl for example. He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.
At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both short-term and long-term exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the long-term contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者講述了如今長(zhǎng)時(shí)間使用電子設(shè)備對(duì)大腦的危害，鼓勵(lì)人們放下這些電子設(shè)備，去戶外讓大腦休息一下。
4．What is David Strayer’s opinion?
A．Americans dislike outdoor activities.
B．Electronic equipment should be quitted.
C．New technologies are a double-edged sword.
D．Electronic equipment brings great convenience.
C　解析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)第一段可知，David Strayer認(rèn)為過(guò)多使用電子設(shè)備導(dǎo)致大腦疲勞，第二段中的“answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media”暗示著電子設(shè)備給我們生活帶來(lái)的便利，因此科技有利有弊，選項(xiàng)C正確。
5．What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean?
A．Reborn. B．Memorable.
C．Remarkable. D．Tiring.
A　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。畫線詞所在段中作者舉了Carl的例子，說(shuō)明戶外活動(dòng)能使他放松并更好地工作，作者提到的“Kate Somers is another example...two children.”暗示著Kate與家人在戶外的活動(dòng)也給了她活力，因此選A項(xiàng)。畫線詞表示“有再生作用的，有再造能力的”。
6．Which is the proper title for the passage?
A．Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain
B．Good Rest Develops Good Memory
C．Tips on Using New Technologies
D．Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain
D　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間盯著看或使用電子設(shè)備對(duì)大腦不利，作者鼓勵(lì)人們放下這些高科技產(chǎn)品到大自然中去，給大腦一個(gè)休息時(shí)間。文中更是用Carl和Kate的例子說(shuō)明走進(jìn)大自然給大腦帶來(lái)的益處，因此選項(xiàng)D適合作本文標(biāo)題。
【難句分析】　Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains, is important for critical(有判斷力的) thinking, problem-solving and decision-making.
分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句使用了動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)Using an electronic device作主語(yǔ)；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the front of the brain。
譯文：Strayer解釋說(shuō)，使用電子設(shè)備來(lái)回復(fù)郵件、聽新聞、看社交媒體給大腦前端(前額葉)帶來(lái)了很大的壓力，這個(gè)區(qū)域?qū)ε兴伎?、解決問題和作決策都至關(guān)重要。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·杭州診斷)I recently visited India to meet women with AIDS. Having AIDS is considered as a mark of disgrace and the punishment is abandonment. Most of these women had been __1__ by their family.
What I __2__ most is how much they wanted to touch me and be touched as if physical __3__ somehow proved their __4__．
I spent time with the dying and saw rows of cots(折疊床). Every cot was __5__ except for one in the corner, so I went there, hoping to provide some help. The __6__ was a woman in her 30s. She had __7__ eyes and was skinny.
__8__， I suddenly felt helpless. I had nothing to __9__ her. I couldn’t save her, either.
I __10__ down and reached out to touch her—and when she __11__ my hand, she grabbed it and wouldn’t let go. We had been there together for a while when she pointed upwards. It took me some time to __12__ that she wanted to go up to the roof and sit outside. It was getting __13__ and the sun was going down, and no one seemed __14__ to take her upstairs.
I carried her up. She sat on a chair, facing the west and watching the __15__. I reminded the workers to __16__ her later. Then I had to leave. But she never __17__ me.
Sometimes it’s the people you can’t help who __18__ you the most. Optimism isn’t a passive expectation that things will get better. It is a(n) __19__ that we can make things better and we can help people if we don’t lose hope and don’t look __20__．
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　我到印度去看望那些患有艾滋病、被家庭拋棄的婦女。在那里我遇到一位女病人，她要我?guī)轿蓓敚覍⑺龓У缴厦?，然后就離開了，但是這個(gè)人卻永遠(yuǎn)留在了我的心中。我由此次經(jīng)歷明白，只要心存希望并且不隨便放棄，我們終究會(huì)使事情變好，幫助到別人。
1．A.beaten　　　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)bandoned
C．scolded D．cheated
B　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“the punishment is abandonment”可知，這些婦女中大多數(shù)已經(jīng)被她們的家人拋棄了。故選B。
2．A.value B．complain
C．remember D．wonder
C　解析：根據(jù)文章開頭的“I recently visited India”可知，文章敘述的是作者的回憶。由此可知，這里表示“我”記得最清楚的就是她們很想要觸碰“我”并被觸碰。故選C。
3．A.excitement B．collision
C．pleasure D．contact
D　解析：根據(jù)該空前的“touch me and be touched”可知，她們希望和“我”有身體接觸(contact)，好像這樣能以某種方式證明她們的價(jià)值(worth)。
4．A.birth B．failure
C．worth D．future
C　解析：參見上題解析。
5．A.occupied B．a(chǎn)ttended
C．made D．covered
B　解析：根據(jù)該空后的“hoping to provide some help”可知，每個(gè)折疊床(的病人)都有人照看，除了角落里的一個(gè)，所以“我”希望能給這個(gè)床的病人一些幫助。B項(xiàng)意為“看護(hù)，照料”，故選B。
6．A.patient B．witness
C．nurse D．worker
A　解析：根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“women with AIDS”可知，這里住的都是身患艾滋病的病人。故選A。
7．A.shining B．beautiful
C．sorrowful D．greedy
C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及該空后的“skinny”可知，她有著悲傷的眼睛且骨瘦如柴。故選C。
8．A.Otherwise B．However
C．Instead D．Besides
B　解析：根據(jù)上文的“hoping to provide some help”以及該空后的“I suddenly felt helpless”可知，本來(lái)“我”想幫助她，但突然發(fā)現(xiàn)“我”無(wú)能為力。此處與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B。
9．A.entertain B．protect
C．convince D．offer
D　解析：根據(jù)上文的“I suddenly felt helpless”并結(jié)合該空后的“I couldn’t save her, either.”可知，“我”什么也給不了她。故選D。
10．A.knelt B．calmed
C．went D．jumped
A　解析：根據(jù)該空后的“reached out to touch her”可推知，“我”跪下來(lái)(knelt down)，然后伸手去觸碰她。故選A。
11．A.pushed B．felt
C．shook D．warmed
B　解析：根據(jù)該空前的“touch her”以及該空后的“she grabbed it and wouldn’t let go”可知，當(dāng)“我”用手觸碰她的時(shí)候，她感覺到了“我”的手，并且抓住它，不肯松開。故選B。
12．A.figure out B．get across
C．point out D．put down
A　解析：根據(jù)空后的“she wanted to go up to the roof”可推知，“我”花了一些時(shí)間，才弄明白她是要到屋頂上去坐一坐。A項(xiàng)意為“弄明白”，故選A。B項(xiàng)意為“解釋清楚，傳達(dá)”；C項(xiàng)意為“指出”；D項(xiàng)意為“記下，寫下”。
13．A.clear B．cloudy
C．late D．windy
C　解析：根據(jù)該空后的“the sun was going down”可知，天已經(jīng)很晚了。故選C。
14．A.brave B．determined
C．confident D．willing
D　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境由于天很晚了，所以似乎沒有人愿意帶她到外面去。故選D。
15．A.night B．sunset
C．roof D．performance
B　解析：根據(jù)上文的“the sun was going down”可知，她坐在椅子上，面朝西方，看著日落。故選B。
16．A.treat B．save
C．comfort D．fetch
D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“I had to leave”可知，“我”要走了，所以“我”提醒工作人員稍后去將她接回來(lái)。故選D。
17．A.left B．forgot
C．forgave D．thanked
A　解析：根據(jù)空前的“I had to leave”和語(yǔ)境可推知，雖然“我”離開了她，但是她卻仍然在“我”心中，沒有離開。故選A。
18．A.challenge B．confuse
C．satisfy D．inspire
D　解析：結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，有時(shí)候，正是那些你無(wú)法給予幫助的人，給你的啟發(fā)最大。inspire意為“啟發(fā)思考”，故選D。
19．A.opportunity B．promise
C．belief D．intention
C　解析：根據(jù)空前一句可知，樂觀不是被動(dòng)地期待事情會(huì)變好。它是一種信念，即如果我們心存希望，不看向別處(即放棄)，那么我們就能夠?qū)⑹虑樽兒茫軌驇椭絼e人。故選C。
20．A.away B．up
C．out D．back
A　解析：參見上題解析。

英語(yǔ)朗讀寶
相關(guān)資料 更多
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，請(qǐng)掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，申請(qǐng) 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來(lái)到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬(wàn)優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬(wàn)優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬(wàn)教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊(cè)
qrcode
二維碼已過(guò)期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊(cè)

手機(jī)號(hào)注冊(cè)
手機(jī)號(hào)碼

手機(jī)號(hào)格式錯(cuò)誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個(gè)字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號(hào)

注冊(cè)即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊(cè)協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊(cè)
手機(jī)號(hào)注冊(cè)
微信注冊(cè)

注冊(cè)成功

返回
頂部