一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．diagram n. 　　　　　　　 圖解；圖表；示意圖
2．volcano n. 火山
3．questionnaire n. 問卷；調(diào)查表
4．database n. 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)；資料庫(kù)
5．boot n. 靴子
6．a(chǎn)rouse vt.　 激發(fā)；喚醒
7．thunderstorm n. 雷暴
8．fountain vi.& vt. 泉水般地噴出或涌出
n. 噴泉；源泉
9．document n. 文件；證件
10．rainbow n. 彩虹
11．balcony n. 　　 陽(yáng)臺(tái)
12．candidate n. 候選人；候補(bǔ)者
13．spaceman n. 宇航員；航天專家
14．peak n. 山峰；頂峰
15．sample n. 樣品；樣本
16．persuasion n. 信服；說服
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．wave n. 波浪；波濤
vi. 波動(dòng)；起伏；揮手
2．bathe vi. 洗澡；游泳
3．potential n. 潛在性；可能性；潛能
adj. 可能的；潛在的
4．threat n. 恐嚇；威脅
5．precious adj. 貴重的；珍貴的
6．tremble vi. 搖晃；搖動(dòng)；顫抖
7．sweat n. 汗
vi. 出汗
8．guarantee vt. 保證；擔(dān)保
9．panic vi.& vt. 驚慌
n. 驚慌；恐慌
10．shoot vt. 射中；射傷
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．equip v．配備；裝備→equipment n．設(shè)備；裝備
2．a(chǎn)ppoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命；約定
3．evaluate vt.評(píng)估；評(píng)價(jià)；估計(jì)→evaluation n．評(píng)估
4．a(chǎn)bsolute adj.絕對(duì)的；完全的→absolutely adv.絕對(duì)地；完全地
5．suit n．一套外衣；套裝 vt.適合；使適宜→suitable adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配?br /> 6．erupt vi.(指火山)爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生→eruption n．火山爆發(fā)；(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等)爆發(fā)
7．a(chǎn)ctual adj.實(shí)在的；實(shí)際的→actually adv.實(shí)際地
8．novel n．小說 adj.新奇的→novelist n．小說家
9．conscious adj.有知覺的；有意識(shí)的→unconscious adj.失去知覺的；未察覺的
10．a(chǎn)nxious adj.憂慮的；不安的→anxiously adv.不安地→anxiety n．擔(dān)心；焦慮；渴望
11．a(chǎn)ppreciate vt.欣賞；感激→appreciation n．欣賞；感謝
12．fog n．霧；煙霧→foggy adj.有霧的；模糊的
13．comfort vt.使安慰→comfortable adj.合適的；舒適的→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒適的
14．diverse adj.多種多樣的；不同的→diversity n．多種多樣；多樣性

1.“驚慌，恐慌”家族
①panic vi.& vt. 驚慌
n. 驚慌；恐慌
②alarm vt. 使驚慌
n. 驚恐，警報(bào)，警報(bào)器
③scare v. 使驚恐，受驚嚇
n. 驚恐，驚嚇
④frighten vt.& vi. (使)驚恐
⑤terrify vt. 使恐怖，使驚嚇，恐嚇
2.后綴－ment名詞小結(jié)
①equipment　　　 設(shè)備；裝備
②appointment　 任命；約定
③announcement　 通知；通告
④achievement 功績(jī)；成就
⑤punishment　 懲罰
⑥treatment　 對(duì)待；治療
3.含“－ist(人)”詞根的單詞
①novel→novelist　　　　　 小說家
②dent→dentist 牙醫(yī)
③capital→capitalist 資本主義者
④reception→receptionist 接待員
⑤physics→physicist 物理學(xué)家
⑥volcanology→volcanologist 火山學(xué)家
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．burn__to__the__ground　　　　　 全部焚毀
2．make__one’s__way　 前往
3．glance__through　 匆匆看一遍
4．vary__from...to...　 由……到……不等
5．have__a__gift__for　 有……的天賦
6．be__home__to　 是……的棲息地
7．be__compared__with　 與……相比
8．in__the__distance　 在遠(yuǎn)處
9．be__about__to__do__sth.　 即將做某事
10．take__notice　 留意；注意


1.“take ＋n.”相關(guān)短語(yǔ)面面觀
①take notice　 　 留意；注意
②take effect　　 生效；起作用
③take charge　　 開始管理；接管
④take exercise　　 鍛煉
⑤take pains　　 努力；盡力；下苦功夫
⑥take photos 拍照
⑦take steps　　 采取措施
2.“have a(n)＋n.＋ for”短語(yǔ)集錦
①have a gift for　　　 有……的天賦
②have a preference for　　 偏愛
③have a desire for　　 想要；渴望
④have a nose for　　 對(duì)……敏感
⑤have a taste for　　 對(duì)……有興趣
⑥have a fancy for　　 喜歡；迷戀
⑦h(yuǎn)ave a chance for　　 有……的機(jī)會(huì)
3.“看”不同的短語(yǔ)集合
①glance through 　 匆匆看一遍
②glance at　　 匆匆一瞥
③look around　　 環(huán)視四周
④look through　　 仔細(xì)檢查
⑤stare at　　 凝視；盯著看
⑥glare at　　 怒視；瞪眼看
⑦spy on　　 偷窺；監(jiān)視
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：“having done sth.”是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語(yǔ)
Having__collected__and__evaluated__the__information,__I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.　收集和評(píng)估這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學(xué)家一起預(yù)測(cè)熔巖接著將往何處流，流速是多少。
句型2：be about to do...when...正要……這時(shí)……
I was__about__to__go__back__to__sleep__when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.　我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。
句型3：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語(yǔ)
The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this__being__my__first__experience,__I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外兩個(gè)人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，但我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。
句型4：It is said that...據(jù)說……
It__is__said__that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
據(jù)說這個(gè)男孩就是滿族人的祖先，他具有語(yǔ)言天賦和很強(qiáng)的說服力。

二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．Waving(揮手) goodbye to them on the platform, I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.
2．I would appreciate it very much if you could give us some precious(寶貴的) advice on how to improve our online English school.
3．Only when one is in good health can he guarantee(保證) efficient learning.
4．Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to develop their greatest potential(潛力)．
5．It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated(評(píng)價(jià)) in terms of overall qualities.
6．This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable(適合的) for the students who come from the countryside.
7．The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing(bathe) the mountain in golden light.
8．Cycling is an absolutely(absolute) energy－saving means of transportation.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義
1．(2019·浙江卷6月閱讀C)McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.記錄；記載
2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ七選五)More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires，etc. 評(píng)估
3．(浙江卷閱讀B)Below are the search results from a university library’s database.數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)；資料庫(kù)
4．(江蘇卷)It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek supports. 候選人
Ⅲ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．Choose a pair of shoes that suits you best, and we’ll cycle to a suitable place for a picnic. (suit)
2．Chinese－American novelist Gish Jen covers great many a topic in her novels,__such as culture, race, and immigrants etc. (novel)
3．He was appointed as manager of the company. But to everyone’s surprise, he didn’t accept the appointment. (appoint)
4．He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety. (anxious)
5．Among all the people we should appreciate,__our parents are the ones who deserve our appreciation most. (appreciate)
6．Do you want to evaluate your intelligence？Just complete the evaluation from below, please. (evaluate)
7．Tom was badly hurt and still unconscious after the accident, but his wife was conscious and was smiling to us consciously. (conscious)
8．People from diverse cultures hold different understanding on the play and this diversity of opinions makes it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting. (diverse)
Ⅳ.選詞成篇
be anxious about; make one’s way to; vary from...to...; glance through; get sb. into panic
There are a variety of disasters in the world, 1.varying__from floods to earthquakes. Every time a big disaster happens, it will 2.get people into__panic and what people 3.are__anxious__about is just how to struggle to live. Some even have no time to 4.glance__through their belongings before they are killed. But others who are lucky are to fight against the disasters until the end.
For the survivors, although they are guaranteed the safety of their lives by the rescue team, they also desire to 5.make__their__way__to the place where they are most needed. To the survivors’ relief, a great number of rescue teams are appointed to rescue people’s lives and property in the disaster－h(huán)it areas immediately the disasters occur.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．已經(jīng)意識(shí)到保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性，全國(guó)人民正采取措施減少污染。
Having__realized__the__importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the pollution.
2．由于湯姆一再遲到，他的老板非常失望。
Tom__having__been__late again and again, his boss was very disappointed.
3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))據(jù)說這部英文短片主要與我們學(xué)校的發(fā)展有關(guān)。
It__is__said__that the short English film is mainly related to the development of our school.
4．我正要上床睡覺這時(shí)電話響了。
I was__about__to__go__to__bed__when the telephone rang.

appoint　vt.約定；指定(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等)；任命；委派
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①You can put the books in the appointed(appoint) place，and other participants can have free access to them.
②(2018·北京卷)Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment(appoint) for next Wednesday afternoon.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))He was__appointed__as__headmaster(被任命為校長(zhǎng)) of the school. He spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))Appointed__as__headmaster__of__the__school,__he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality. (分詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)appoint sb.as/to be... 　 　 任命某人為……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事　
(2)appointment n. 　　　　　　 任命；約會(huì)
make an appointment with sb. 與某人約會(huì)
keep an appointment 守約
break an appointment 違約
[佳句背誦] I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
我被任命負(fù)責(zé)安排那天的所有活動(dòng)。
suit　n．一套外衣；套裝　vt.適合；使適宜
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.
②(2018·天津卷書面表達(dá))You have just won the first prize in the Robotics Competition. Therefore, you are the most suitable(suit) person.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))因?yàn)槲揖ㄓ⒄Z(yǔ)，所以我的確認(rèn)為我適合這項(xiàng)志愿者工作。
③I do believe I am__suitable__for/am__fit__for this voluntary work, because I have a good knowledge of English.
④I do believe this voluntary work suits__me,__because I have a good knowledge of English.

(1)a suit of 　　　　　　　　 一套……
suit...to... 使……適合……
(2)suitable adj. 適當(dāng)?shù)?；相配?br /> be suitable/fit for 適合于……
be suitable to do sth. 適合做某事 　
[佳句背誦] If not, let me know what time suits you best.　如果不方便，請(qǐng)告訴我什么時(shí)間最適合你。(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))
[名師點(diǎn)津]
(1)suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等；
(2)fit多指大小、形狀的合適；
(3)match多指色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配。
anxious　adj.憂慮的；不安的　n．款待；招待
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2018·天津卷)Anxiously(anxious) I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
②(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)There’s tension and anxiety(anxious) from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我很擔(dān)心即將到來的考試，以至于晚上很難入睡。
I’m so__anxious__about__the__coming__exam__that I can hardly fall asleep at night.

(1)be anxious for/about 為……擔(dān)心
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
(2)anxiety n. 擔(dān)心；焦慮；渴望
with anxiety＝anxiously 焦慮地，不安地 　
[佳句背誦] I was told that the Learning Centre provides help for students and I’m anxious to get help from you.　別人告訴我輔導(dǎo)中心可以給學(xué)生提供幫助，我急于想從您那兒得到一些幫助。
panic　vi. & vt.(使人或動(dòng)物)受驚；驚慌　n．驚慌；恐慌
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Tom panicked at the sound of explosion and his wife also got into a panic.
②The first time he stepped on the stage, he panicked(panic) at the sight of the audience.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③每當(dāng)人們?cè)隗@恐慌亂中做出決定時(shí)，結(jié)果往往都不太美妙。
Whenever__people__make__decisions__when__they__are__in__panic,__the consequences are rarely pretty.


(1)in panic 　　　　　　　　 驚慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入恐慌
(2)panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人驚慌地做某事　
[佳句背誦] I got into a panic when I saw smoke coming out of the kitchen.
看到廚房冒煙，我頓時(shí)慌了手腳。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 注意panic的過去式和過去分詞都是panicked。
guarantee　vt.保證；擔(dān)?！．保證；保證書
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still under guarantee.
②Going out with friends is__guaranteed(guarantee) to cheer you up, especially when you are in low spirits.
[能力提升]——微寫作
③(2018·北京卷書面表達(dá))作為準(zhǔn)備，事先閱讀一些中文小說會(huì)保證讓你融入中國(guó)語(yǔ)言的環(huán)境中。
As for preparation, reading some Chinese novels in advance will__guarantee__you__adapting__into__the__Chinese__language__environment．

(1)guarantee to do sth./that...　 保證做某事
guarantee sb.sth. 保證某人某事
(2)give sb.a guarantee (that) ... 向某人
保證……
under guarantee 在保修期內(nèi) 　
[佳句背誦] We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee to succeed in the end.
我們應(yīng)該注意細(xì)節(jié)，這樣才能保證最后的成功。
make one’s way　前往；成功
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用way的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空
①It was so foggy that we had to__feel__our__way home.
②They pushed__their__way into the crowded train, looking for seats.
③A stream is winding__its__way through the valley into the river.
④They lost__their__way in the forest and what made matters worse was that night began to fall.

fight one’s way 奮力前進(jìn)
lose one’s way 迷路
feel one’s way 摸索前進(jìn)
push one’s way 擠出來
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前進(jìn)　
[佳句背誦] So long as you work hard, you can make your way in life.　只要你努力工作，你的人生就會(huì)成功。
vary from...to...　由……到……不等
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①As in China, the climate in Canada varies with/by the area.
②(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Wander among a variety(vary) of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))I like reading very much, especially the story books.They vary from Chinese stories to English stories.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))I like reading very much, especially the story books, varying__from__Chinese__stories__to__English__stories. (分詞作定語(yǔ))

(1)vary in ... 在……(大小、形狀等)上不同
vary with/by 隨……變化/改變
(2)various adj. 各種各樣的；多姿多彩的
(3)variety n. 種種；多樣化
a variety of/varieties of 種種；各種各樣的 　
[佳句背誦] We join in a variety of/varieties of/various activities in our new gymnasium, which brings us lots of pleasure. 　在新體育館里，我們參加各種各樣的活動(dòng)，這給我們帶來很多快樂。(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語(yǔ)
(教材P35)The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外兩個(gè)人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，但我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以我留在山頂上觀察他們。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①So much work to__do(do), we have no time to play.
②The guide leading(lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
③The task completed(complete), we had a global traveling.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))He was listening attentively in class, his__eyes__fixed__on__the__blackboard．(獨(dú)立主格)

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：
(1)名稱或代詞主格＋分詞
(2)名稱或代詞主格＋不定式
(3)名稱或代詞主格＋形容詞(副詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)) 　　
[佳句背誦] We have three large multi－media classrooms in our school, each equipped with the newest computers.
我們學(xué)校有三個(gè)大的多媒體教室，每一間都配備了最新的電腦。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不一致，它獨(dú)立存在。該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等。
It is said that...據(jù)說……
(教材P39)It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
據(jù)說這個(gè)男孩就是滿族人的祖先， 他具有語(yǔ)言天賦和很強(qiáng)的說服力。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子
①He is thought to__have__acted(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
②Carbon dioxide is said to__be__heating(heat) the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.
③(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))It__is__hoped__that(人們希望) these suggestions would be of great help to you.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))人們相信音樂節(jié)不僅有意義而且有趣。
④It__is__believed__that the music festival will be not only meaningful but also interesting.
⑤People__believe__that the music festival will be not only meaningful but also interesting.

　據(jù)說……
注意：不定式根據(jù)情況可用一般式、進(jìn)行式或完成式。
(2)It is thought that... 人們認(rèn)為……
It is believed that... 人們相信……
It is hoped that... 人們希望……
It is reported that... 據(jù)報(bào)道……　
[佳句背誦] It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.
據(jù)報(bào)道，災(zāi)區(qū)如今正在建設(shè)許多新房。

Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．To show our appreciation(appreciate) for all your hard work, we’d like to give you a bonus.
2．That is the reason why many people often feel uncomfortable(comfort) in the back when sitting before computers for a long time.
3．Having__been__shown(show) around the university, we then were taken to a building, where many scientists work.
4．Last Monday, I was asked to give the new students a test to__evaluate(evaluate) their English level.
5．They thanked me over and over and the cashier was moved to tears, saying(say) there was an angel in her line today.
6．The police hurried to the spot, only to__be__told(tell) the damaged car had been taken away.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．She was the first woman to__be__appointed(appoint) to the board, for which she felt very excited and happy.
2．If you have the interest to visit there, don’t forget to take a camera and you are guaranteed to__enjoy(enjoy) the sights in their natural state.
3．A fire broke out in our town recently and a large factory was__burned(burn) to the ground.
4．I was about to hand in the paper when I found another mistake and then corrected it carefully.
5．Changbaishan is China’s largest nature reserve and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
Ⅲ.熟詞生義(根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義)
1．At the amusing story，the whole class erupted into laughter.v.突然
2．(2017·北京卷)Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained foggy.adj.不清楚
3．(2017·天津卷)Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. n．照片

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
(一)
With 1.anxiety(anxious), I suddenly remembered that I had an 2.appointment(appoint), which I had forgotten 3.absolutely(absolute). I was 4.conscious(unconscious) that I had little time to prepare for it.
(二)
My friend, Li Hua, is a person 1.who has potential abilities. After graduating from college, he 2.was__appointed(appoint) as firefighter. One day after work, he was about to go shopping at the supermarket 3.when he found a fire broke out in a house. Rushing to the spot and 4.glancing(glance) through the situation of the fire, he 5.made(make) his way through the crowd 6.without panic, and went into the 7.burning(burn) building. Risking his own life, he saved five children 8.trapped(trap) in the fire. Because of his heroic behavior, he was praised by his colleagues and leader.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
假設(shè)你是李華，你的朋友Jenny要到吉林游玩，請(qǐng)你給她推薦景點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)按要求回信。要求：①推薦長(zhǎng)白山；②介紹長(zhǎng)白山特色；③表達(dá)祝愿。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①得知你要來吉林游玩我很高興，我想向你推薦長(zhǎng)白山。
I’m delighted to hear you are coming to visit Jilin, so I’d__like__to__recommend__Changbaishan__to__you．
②眾所周知，長(zhǎng)白山不僅是一個(gè)著名的旅游勝地也是中國(guó)最大的自然保護(hù)區(qū)。
It__is__known__that__Changbaishan__is__not__only__a__famous__tourist__attraction but also China’s largest nature reserve.
③該地高度從海拔700米到2 000多米不等。
The__height__of__the__land__varies__from__700__meters__above__sea__level__to__over__2，000__meters.
④它是各種稀有動(dòng)植物的家園。
It__is__home__to__a__great__diversity__of__rare__plants__and__animals.
⑤來到這里，你可以在山中漫步或沐浴在溫泉池中。(分詞作狀語(yǔ))　
Coming__here,__you can either walk in the mountains or bathe__in__the__hot__water__pools．
⑥該自然保護(hù)區(qū)受到高度贊賞的景觀就是天池。
The__attraction__which__is__highly__appreciated in the reserve is Tianchi.
⑦我保證你在長(zhǎng)白山一定會(huì)玩得很開心。(分詞作狀語(yǔ))
I__guarantee__you__will__have__a__wonderful__time__visiting__Changbaishan.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑧用分詞作狀語(yǔ)升級(jí)句①
Delighted__to__hear__you__are__coming__to__visit__Jilin,__I’d__like__to__recommend__Changbaishan__to__you.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：in addition, actually)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Jenny，
Delighted to hear you are coming to visit Jilin, I’d like to recommend Changbaishan to you.
It is known that Changbaishan is not only a famous tourist attraction but also China’s largest nature reserve. The height of the land varies from 700 meters above sea level to over 2，000 meters. In addition, it is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals. Coming here, you can either walk in the mountains or bathe in the hot water pools. Actually, the attraction which is highly appreciated in the reserve is Tianchi.
I guarantee you will have a wonderful time visiting Changbaishan.
Yours，
Li Hua

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·瑞安高三模擬)A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.
Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation—for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel(紅隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.
When the 65-year-old first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds’ nests and hatching them under incubators(孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.
A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.
Prof. Jones was awarded the $250，000 prize at a ceremony in London.
“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn’t enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.
Prof. Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　卡爾·瓊斯教授曾因偷稀缺鳥類的蛋而被指責(zé)，但后來在保護(hù)動(dòng)物領(lǐng)域被授予諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，因?yàn)樗麑⑼祦淼牡斑M(jìn)行了人工繁殖，并以此方法挽救了九種瀕危物種。
1．What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Return.　　　　　　　　 B．Level.
C．Honor. D．Research.
C　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推知，畫線詞意為“榮譽(yù)”。
2．What can we know from the figures in paragraph 4?
A．Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.
B．The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot.
C．Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.
D．It’s difficult to protect kestrel.
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)野生毛里求斯紅隼只剩4只，瓊斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法來救助毛里求斯紅隼，10年后，毛里求斯紅隼的數(shù)量飆升到300多只，如今野生紅隼約有400只。由此可推知，從鳥巢中拿出鳥蛋的方法效果很好。
3．Prof. Jones’ idea of taking eggs from the birds’ nests ________．
A．was proved of no use
B．was widely accepted
C．was promoted officially
D．was criticized by some people
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“dead loss”及“In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques...in the wild.”可知，瓊斯教授從鳥巢中拿出鳥蛋來進(jìn)行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批評(píng)。
B
We’re often reminded of the importance of preserving the planet as we see it for future generations—and children at St Oswald’s CE Primary School Chester certainly agree.
Nine-year-old Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take note. “Sometimes they can be busy and I don’t think they think they can make a difference, but if everyone does a little bit it all adds up，” she tells HuffPost UK. “We started looking at plastic pollution in our oceans and the things like plastic bags that are polluting them，” she says. “Fish can eat the plastic and they can die, or we might even eat the fish ourselves.”
Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly. The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9-and 10-year-old pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.
Mr. Timms thinks children have an important role to play in teaching us how to take care of the things around us. “We sometimes overlook how much we can really learn from children，” he says. “It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them using plastic straws.”
Mr. Timms is proud of his Hummingbirds class. The message that they would like to send to world is simple: stopping this isn’t someone else’s job, and it won’t be OK if we just leave it.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了“蜂鳥班”積極響應(yīng)一個(gè)環(huán)保教育項(xiàng)目。該班由9歲和10歲的孩子組成，他們通過寫詩(shī)和制作在線視頻廣告以提醒成年人注意環(huán)保問題。
4．What can we infer about adults according to Isobel Kelleher?
A．They just pretend to be busy.
B．They haven’t done their part well.
C．They can do nothing to stop pollution.
D．They have started to care about the ocean.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第一句“Nine-year-old Isobel Kelleher from the school’s Hummingbirds class thinks adults need to take note.”可知，學(xué)?！胺澍B班”里九歲的伊澤貝爾認(rèn)為成年人需要注意環(huán)保問題。據(jù)此可推知，成年人在環(huán)保問題上沒有做得很好，故B項(xiàng)正確。
5．What is the purpose of the school project?
A．To help adults to learn more about their kids.
B．To remind adults to be friendly to the environment.
C．To persuade students to stop using plastic bags.
D．To teach students how to write poems creatively.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段尾句“The entire Hummingbirds class, which is made up of 9-and 10-year-old pupils, has been busy writing poems and creating online video adverts to warn adults about the serious situation of our oceans and wildlife.”可知，整個(gè)“蜂鳥班”由9歲和10歲的學(xué)生組成，他們一直忙著寫詩(shī)和制作在線視頻廣告，提醒成年人海洋和野生動(dòng)物所處的嚴(yán)重處境。據(jù)此可知，該項(xiàng)目旨在提醒成年人要注意環(huán)保問題，故B項(xiàng)正確。
6．Why does Mr. Timms mention parents in paragraph 4?
A．To prove kids are creative in teaching.
B．To attract people to support his work.
C．To have adults care about education.
D．To show the effects of the project.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段尾句“It has been really hard to believe having parents come in saying that their children have been asking them to stop using plastic, and to recycle more, and even stopping them using plastic straws.”可知，真的很難相信有父母說孩子們要求他們停止使用塑料，甚至要求他們停止使用塑料吸管。據(jù)此可推知，該段提及父母旨在說明該項(xiàng)目對(duì)成年人的影響，故D項(xiàng)正確。
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．An inspiring school project.
B．An appeal to stop using plastic bags.
C．Serious situations of our planet.
D．Adults’ ignorance of the environment.
A　解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第三段第一句“Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly.”為全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了“蜂鳥班”積極響應(yīng)一個(gè)環(huán)保教育項(xiàng)目，該班由9歲和10歲的孩子組成，他們通過寫詩(shī)和制作在線視頻廣告，提醒成年人注意環(huán)保問題。故A項(xiàng)正確。
【難句分析】　Mr. Timms, Isobel’s teacher, has been spearheading a new project at the school which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly.
分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。句中“which lets children loose creatively to raise awareness of the need to be more environmentally friendly”為which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞a new project, which在從句中作主語(yǔ)。
譯文：伊澤貝爾的老師蒂姆斯先生一直在學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目讓孩子們創(chuàng)造性地放松，以增強(qiáng)需要更加環(huán)保的意識(shí)。
Ⅱ.七選五
How to Cultivate Confidence?
When faced with a big challenge where potential failure seems to appear at every corner, maybe you’ll hear this advice: Be more confident. 1.________ Take the belief that you are precious and capable, also known as self-esteem. Confidence turns thoughts into action. It comes from the genes you are born with, the way people get used to treating you as well as the choices you make. While it isn’t possible to completely separate these three factors, the personal choices we make obviously play a major role in confidence development. As a result, by keeping certain practical tips in mind, we do actually have the power to cultivate our own confidence.
2．________ If you’re looking for a long-term change, consider the way you think about your abilities and talents. Do you think they are fixed at birth, or that they can be developed? These beliefs matter because they can influence how you act in face of setbacks. If you have a fixed mindset, meaning that your talents are locked in the place, you might give up, assuming you’ve discovered something you’re not good at. But if you have a growth mindset, and think your abilities can improve, a challenge will become an opportunity to learn and grow. Neuroscience(神經(jīng)科學(xué)) supports the latter. The connections in your brain do get stronger and grow with study and practice. 3.________
Practicing failure is a must. Failure happens. 4.________ J. K. Rowling was rejected by twelve different publishers before one picked up Harry Potter. The Wright brothers built on history’s failed attempts at flight before designing a successful airplane. Studies show that those who fail regularly and keep trying anyway are better equipped to respond to challenges in constructive ways. 5.________ So, think of a challenge you want to take on, realize it’s not going to be easy, accept that you’ll make mistakes, and be kind to yourself when you do. You’ll feel the excitement, knowing that whatever the result, you’ll have gained greater knowledge and understanding.
A．But what is confidence?
B．So can confidence be easily cultivated?
C．Everyone is possible to encounter failure.
D．Being a talented person is quite necessary.
E．They learn to try different strategies and persevere.
F．Believing in your abilities to improve is the first step.
G．It also turns out that people with a growth mindset are better at dealing with challenges.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　文章主要介紹了兩條非常實(shí)用的培養(yǎng)自信心的建議：第一，相信自己的能力可以提高；第二，從失敗中汲取經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)。
1．A　解析：前一句給出要更加自信的建議，后一句是說相信自己是有價(jià)值的、有能力的，這也是自尊，故A項(xiàng)“但是什么是自信？”符合語(yǔ)境，銜接上下文。
2．F　解析：根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和空處所在位置可知，空處為該段的主題句。第一段最后一句是說要記住幾條實(shí)用的建議，第二段第一句話應(yīng)該是第一條建議，并結(jié)合該段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述要相信自己的能力可以提高，故F項(xiàng)“相信你的能力能提高是第一步”符合語(yǔ)境。
3．G　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“But if you have a growth mindset...grow with study and practice.”可知，如果你有成長(zhǎng)的心態(tài)，認(rèn)為你的能力可以提高，一項(xiàng)挑戰(zhàn)將變成學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)，你大腦里的聯(lián)系就會(huì)更強(qiáng)并且隨著學(xué)習(xí)和練習(xí)而增加。由此可知，空處應(yīng)是進(jìn)一步說明有成長(zhǎng)心態(tài)的人的優(yōu)勢(shì)，故G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
4．C　解析：空前一句是說失敗很常見；空后兩句又舉例說明一些名人在成功之前遭遇的失敗，故C項(xiàng)“每個(gè)人都有可能經(jīng)歷失敗”符合語(yǔ)境，銜接上下文。
5．E　解析：空前一句是說那些經(jīng)常失敗但一直堅(jiān)持的人會(huì)積極應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，故E項(xiàng)“他們學(xué)著嘗試不同的策略并堅(jiān)持不懈”符合語(yǔ)境。
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空
(2020·寧波高三模擬)Today, Mount Qomolangma’s peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3，500 people have 1.____________(successful) climbed the mountain over the past year. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about 2.____________(wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.
In fact, the dangerous 3.____________(crowd) aren’t the only problem. All those climbers need 4.____________(bring) a lot of gear(設(shè)備), much of which ends up being left on the mountain. It is becoming the world’s 5.____________(tall) rubbish dump.
But the good news is 6.____________ some mountaineers have started to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. So far they 7.____________(collect) over 13 tons of garbage.
Some of that rubbish is even being used for 8.________ higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8848 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage. They’ve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited 9.____________ Nepal’s capital. Part of the profit from sales 10.____________(be) available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　文章主要介紹了珠穆朗瑪峰的污染情況以及現(xiàn)在采取的應(yīng)對(duì)污染的措施和取得的進(jìn)步。
1．successfully　解析：考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前的have和空后的climbed構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，此處應(yīng)用副詞來修飾，故填successfully。
2．waiting　解析：考查動(dòng)名詞。此處介詞about之后應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式，故填waiting。
3．crowds　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空前的形容詞dangerous可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞形式，crowd“人群”為可數(shù)名詞，且句子的謂語(yǔ)aren’t為復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填復(fù)數(shù)形式crowds。
4．to bring　解析：考查動(dòng)詞不定式。此處表示所有這些登山者都需要帶著大量設(shè)備，故此處用need to do sth.“需要做某事”。
5．tallest　解析：考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。根據(jù)句中的the world’s表述“全世界范圍內(nèi)的”可知，此處表示最高級(jí)的含義，故填形容詞最高級(jí)tallest。
6．that　解析：考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，僅起連接作用，故填that。
7．have collected　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)So far可知，此處表示截止到現(xiàn)在已收集的垃圾數(shù)量，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；又主語(yǔ)they為復(fù)數(shù)，故填have collected。
8．a(chǎn)　解析：考查冠詞。此處表示“一個(gè)更高的目標(biāo)”，表泛指，在文中第一次提到，且higher的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。
9．in　解析：考查介詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“在尼泊爾的首都”，故填in“在(某范圍或空間內(nèi)的)某一點(diǎn)”。
10．is　解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處為一般性描述，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；該句主語(yǔ)為“Part of the profit from sales”，此處表示單數(shù)概念，故填is。

寫作規(guī)范練(六)
(建議用時(shí)：45分鐘)
Ⅰ.應(yīng)用文寫作
(2020·湖州五校模擬)假定你是校學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華。你校擬向一所在美國(guó)的姐妹學(xué)校圖書館捐贈(zèng)一批中國(guó)經(jīng)典文學(xué)圖書，以供該校學(xué)生閱讀。請(qǐng)你給該校負(fù)責(zé)人寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容如下：
1．自我介紹；
2．介紹這批書籍。
注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
3．信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Sir/Madam，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Sir/Madam，
I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union. I’m writing to tell you that our school is planning to donate some Chinese classics to your library, because during our visit to your school last month, some of your students mentioned they have strong passions for Chinese literature. ①Since we are sister schools, we intend to donate some books, whose topics vary from ancient Chinese philosophy, Tang Poetry to classical Chinese novels. I’m sure that the classic works will meet your students’ desire for Chinese literary knowledge.
②I’m hopeful that these books may promote our friendship and your students can have a better understanding of China.
Yours__faithfully，
Li__Hua
【亮點(diǎn)詞句】　亮點(diǎn)詞匯：intend to do sth., vary from sth. to sth.
亮點(diǎn)句式：I’m writing to tell you that..., because...
【一句多譯】
①Since we are sister schools, we plan to donate some books with the topics varying from ancient Chinese philosophy, Tang Poetry to classical Chinese novels.
②I believe that these books may not only promote our friendship but also help your students have a better understanding of China.
Ⅱ.概要寫作
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
Small talk. Chitchat. These are the short conversations we have at parties, while we wait in line at the store, at family events or work. Sometimes we make small talk with people we already know but not well. Often we have to make small talk with complete strangers. Many people find such small talk about random topics difficult. Some people say they hate it. Others say small talk is a waste of time. They may even call it idle chitchat or idle chatter, meaning it doesn’t do anything. They consider small talk not important. However, small talk is important.
Small talk can open doors that may lead to larger, more meaningful conversations. When you first meet someone or talk to someone you don’t know well, it would be awkward to begin a conversation about a really deep topic such as war, politics or the meaning of life.
Small talk also gives you the chance to decide if you want to get to know that person better or not. Let’s say you make small talk with someone at a party. But they only want to talk about cats. You may not want to build a friendship with them unless you really, really love cats.
Chitchat can also increase your feeling of understanding, toward people you know but not well. Chatting with a colleague about their child may help you to understand more of their life outside the office. This could help build healthy work relationships.
Small talk could even help your larger communities—your relationships with neighbors. Exchanging recipes with a neighbor in your apartment building may make her noises upstairs easier to live with.
In 2011, most commuters(通勤者) in the city of Chicago said they would enjoy “quiet cars” where they sat alone and did not talk to anybody. Researchers at the University of Chicago then asked some participants in a study to talk to people while commuting to work on a train. They found that those who made small talk with strangers were happier than those who sat alone.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Although small talk is disliked by many people, it is actually of vital importance in our daily life. (要點(diǎn)1)Firstly, small talk can not only lead to meaningful conversations but also help you decide whether to further your relationship. (要點(diǎn)2)Besides, through small talk, you can build better relationships with your colleagues and neighbors. (要點(diǎn)3)What’s more, researchers also find that small talk can make people happier! (要點(diǎn)4)

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