話題六　科學(xué)與技術(shù)

[對(duì)應(yīng)教材]　Book 2　Unit 3　Computers　Book 7　Unit 2　Robots
Book 8　Unit 2　Cloning Book 8　Unit 3　Inventors and inventions
(一)核心素養(yǎng)下的話題解讀
“科學(xué)與技術(shù)”是高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中“人與社會(huì)”主題語境內(nèi)容要求之一，該內(nèi)容包括“科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，科學(xué)精神”等方面。這些話題為學(xué)生打開了了解科技創(chuàng)新與社會(huì)迅速發(fā)展的窗口。高考英語通過這些話題讓學(xué)生對(duì)科學(xué)與技術(shù)有所了解。感受科學(xué)與技術(shù)給人們帶來的好處，同時(shí)培養(yǎng)立志為科學(xué)獻(xiàn)身的精神。
[高考探究]
“科學(xué)與技術(shù)”這個(gè)話題常與閱讀理解、完形填空、七選五、語法填空等相結(jié)合進(jìn)行考查，分值所占的比例較高。例如：
話題六
卷別
試題類型
文章大意
科學(xué)與技術(shù)
2019全國卷Ⅰ
閱讀C篇
智能鍵盤的安全防護(hù)作用
2019全國卷Ⅱ
閱讀D篇
有關(guān)解決國際空間站中細(xì)菌問題的研究
2019全國卷Ⅲ
閱讀D篇
一項(xiàng)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子能進(jìn)行基本的加法運(yùn)算
續(xù)表
話題六
卷別
試題類型
文章大意
科學(xué)
與技術(shù)
2017全國卷Ⅰ
閱讀A篇
太平洋科學(xué)中心的旅游指南
2017全國卷Ⅰ
閱讀D篇
太陽能蒸餾器的制作過程和工作原理
2017全國卷Ⅱ
閱讀C篇
國外研發(fā)新型飛行汽車的進(jìn)展及相關(guān)情況
2017全國卷Ⅲ
閱讀D篇
為保證老年人自行駕車而進(jìn)行的輔助駕車系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)
2016全國卷Ⅰ
七選五閱讀
信息安全與保護(hù)
2019全國卷Ⅲ
完形填空
高科技設(shè)備改善了尤坎缺少陽光直射的困境
2017全國卷Ⅱ
語法填空
英國倫敦地鐵的建造過程及發(fā)展
(二)構(gòu)建思維導(dǎo)圖，提升思維品質(zhì)
圖一　Book 2　Unit 3　Computers

圖二　Book 7　Unit 2　Robots

圖三　Book 8　Unit 2　Cloning

圖四　Book 8　Unit 3　Inventors and inventions

(三)根據(jù)思維導(dǎo)圖，完成概要寫作
圖一：概要寫作
①The computer is a machine that was born to work for people. When it first came into being, it was just a calculating machine. That is to say, it can only be used to work out problems with numbers. ②Later, it was developed to an analytical machine, which followed simple instructions from cards with holes. This was such a great revolution in technology! ③A computer could “think” as human race once it was programmed with proper programs, but it could not “think” of itself without man's help, so we say a computer had artificial intelligence. ④⑤The computer was completely changed when it got its new transistors in the 1960s. Its size became smaller and smaller while its memory became larger and larger. ⑥Thanks to the Internet, computers were connected to one another as a huge family connected by a network. ⑦Actually, the computer is truly a devoted friend of the human race!
圖二：概要寫作
Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots. ①②③A household robot, Tony, was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.
At the sight of handsome Tony, Claire felt alarmed. ⑥The next day, she was embarrassed when Tony brought breakfast and offered to help her dressing. One day, Claire mentioned that she wasn't clever, Tony offered sympathy, and promised to help Claire make herself smarter. How absurd, she thought. When shopping, Claire was unfairly treated, and it was “dear” Tony that helped her solve the problem. ④To make her house elegant, Claire tried to help, only to fall off a ladder. Just then Tony came to hold her firmly in his arms, which made Claire grateful. ⑤Three weeks later before leaving, Tony suggested a party, making Claire envied by her friends. Actually, Claire was sad because she possibly fell in love with the machine.
圖三：概要寫作
Cloning has always been with us and is here to stay. ①It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.
②Cloning has two major uses. Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals.
Many attempts to clone mammals failed. ③But in 1996, Dolly the sheep was born, which became controversial. ④On the one hand, the whole scientific world followed the progress of the first successful clone. On the other hand, Dolly's appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.
⑤Although cloning has gained a breakthrough, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.
圖四：概要寫作
①M(fèi)om told me there were some snakes in our courtyard.
②To find out the solution, I adopted several strategies, such as finding products to kill them. Without luck. Then I began researching the habits of snakes. Then, I used three approaches to catch them, including removing their habitat, attracting them into a trap, and cooling them to catch them. Still, it was fruitless. Finally, I made the third attempt to guide them into a small net used for catching fish, only to find the final method worked.
③Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office. Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.


1．As for me, I often go online to search some information useful for my study, because I hold the view that we should make the best of the computer to equip ourselves with more knowledge.
至于我，我經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)搜集一些對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)有用的信息，因?yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該充分利用電腦，以便用更多知識(shí)武裝自己。
2．As for me, I always participate in after-class activities, because I'm fully convinced that we should practise what we've learned through activities.
至于我，我經(jīng)常參加課外活動(dòng)，因?yàn)樵谖铱磥?，我們?yīng)該通過活動(dòng)做到學(xué)以致用。
3．I have a good command of computer programming, which enables me to get along well with my work.
我精通計(jì)算機(jī)編程，這使得我工作起來很順利。
4．Although I didn't major in computer, I have a lot of interest in it.
雖然我不是主修計(jì)算機(jī)，但是我對(duì)它仍有濃厚的興趣。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ 核心單詞
(1)solve (vt.) 解決；解答→solution (n.) 解決；解答
(2)explore (vt.& vi.) 探索；探測；探究→explorer (n.) 探險(xiǎn)家；勘探者→exploration (n.) 探索
(3)anyhow (adv.)(也作anyway)無論如何；即使如此
(4)goal (n.) 目標(biāo)；目的；球門；(進(jìn)球)得分
(5)signal (vi.& vt.) 發(fā)信號(hào) (n.) 信號(hào)
(6)type (n.) 類型 (vt.& vi.) 打字→typist (n.) 打字員→typewriter (n.) 打字機(jī)
(7)arise (vi.) 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生→arose (過去式)→arisen (過去分詞)
(8)electronic (adj.) 電子的→electricity (n.) 電；電學(xué)
Ⅱ　　閱讀單詞
(1)calculate (vt.) 計(jì)算
(2)universal (adj.) 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的
(3)simplify (vt.) 簡化
(4)logical (adj.) 合邏輯的；合情理的
(5)technology (n.) 工藝；科技；技術(shù)
(6)revolution (n.) 革命
(7)artificial (adj.) 人造的；假的
(8)reality (n.) 真實(shí)；事實(shí)；現(xiàn)實(shí)
(9)personally (adv.) 就個(gè)人而言；親自
(10)total (adj.) 總的；整個(gè)的
(11)application (n.) 應(yīng)用；用途；申請(qǐng)
(12)appearance (n.) 外觀；外貌；出現(xiàn)
(13)character (n.) 性格；特點(diǎn)
　[單句語法填空]
1．The team are working hard to analyze the problem so that they can find the best ________ (solve)．
答案：solution
2．However, an uneasy feeling ________ (arise) that they were selecting material that supported their argument.
答案：arose
3．There is another kind of beauty that has nothing to do with ________ (appear), but comes from the heart.
答案：appearance
4．Her childhood ambition became a ________ (real) when she was made a judge.
答案：reality
5．Try to ________ (simple) your explanation to the students to help them understand better.
答案：simplify
6．Young people want something ________ (total) different from the old ways.
答案：totally
7．It was said that the president had written back to the little boy ________ (personal)．
答案：personally
8．With the ________ (apply) of the new technology, the output of steel almost doubled what it was last year.
答案：application
9．Christopher Columbus was seen as one of the greatest ________ (explore)．
答案：explorers
10．The policeman ________ (signal) to us to move on.
答案：signalled
聯(lián)想積累
1．ABC式過去式、過去分詞變化
①arise→arose→arisen　?、赽ear→bore→borne
③choose→chose→chosen ④drive→drove→driven
⑤ride→rode→ridden ⑥r(nóng)ise→rose→risen
⑦write→wrote→written
2．-fy, -ify結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞
①simplify 簡化 ②beautify 美化
③identify 鑒定；識(shí)別 ④justify 證明……有理
⑤satisfy 使?jié)M意 ⑥classify 把……分類
⑦terrify 使恐怖；恐嚇
3．-ology結(jié)尾的名詞
①technology 科技；工藝；技術(shù)
②biology 生物學(xué)
③ecology 生態(tài)學(xué)
④geology 地質(zhì)學(xué)
⑤psychology 心理學(xué)
⑥archeology 考古學(xué)
⑦sociology 社會(huì)學(xué)

1．from ... on　從……時(shí)起
2．go_by (時(shí)間)過去
3．a(chǎn)s_a_result 結(jié)果
4．of_high_quality 高質(zhì)量的
5．in_a_way 從某種意義上；在某種程度上
6．make up 彌補(bǔ)；化妝；編造；構(gòu)成
7．a(chǎn)fter all 畢竟
8．with the help of 在……的幫助下
9．deal with 處理；安排；對(duì)付
10．watch over 看守；監(jiān)視
　[選詞填空]

1．Everyone in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ________ jokes.
答案：making up
2．It was ________ the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.
答案：with the help of
3．Mother asked me to ________ the milk while she went out to get some sugar.
答案：watch over
4．One possibility is that being overweight influences hormone levels ________.
答案：in a way
5．A teacher should have such a lot of patience when ________ kids.
答案：dealing with
6．Not only did she polish my speech draft, but she also corrected my pronunciation. ________， my speech improved greatly.
答案：As a result
聯(lián)想積累
1．go相關(guān)短語
①go by (時(shí)間等)流逝；走過；經(jīng)過
②go after 追求；追趕
③go against 反對(duì)；違背
④go over 仔細(xì)檢查
⑤go through 遭受；經(jīng)歷
2．make相關(guān)短語
①make up 虛構(gòu)；彌補(bǔ)；組成；化妝；和好
②be made up of 由……組成(＝consist of)
③make up for 償還；賠償；彌補(bǔ)
④make for 走向；促成
⑤make out 辨認(rèn)出；開(賬單、支票等)；理解

課文原句
句式梳理
仿寫訓(xùn)練
1.Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told！
隨著時(shí)間的推移，我的記憶能力發(fā)展得如此之快，就像一頭大象一樣，從來不會(huì)忘記告訴我的任何事情。
so ... that ... “如此……以至于……”
He was ________________ that he could hardly contain himself.
他激動(dòng)得不能自已。
2.Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
不管怎樣，我的目標(biāo)是為人類提供高質(zhì)量的生活。
be to do sth.“打算做……”，不定式短語用作表語。
The aim of this report ________________ the advantages and disadvantages of riding to school for middle school students.
這篇報(bào)道的目的是為了檢驗(yàn)中學(xué)生騎車上學(xué)的利與弊。
答案：1.so excited　2.is to examine
直擊重點(diǎn) 突破考點(diǎn)

①　solve　vt. 解決；解答(P18)

(1)單句語法填空
①There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
②When you finish doing the crossword, you can see the ________ (solve) on the back page.
答案：①to be solved?、趕olution
(2)單句改錯(cuò)
A good solution of the problem is to talk with the victims as soon as possible.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：of→to

(1)solve a problem 解決一個(gè)問題
(2)solution n. 解決辦法；處理手段
a/the solution to sth. 某事情的解決方法

②　totally　adv. 完全地；整個(gè)地(P18)

(1)單句語法填空
I ________ (total) agree with what Susan says about the best present.
答案：totally
(2)單句寫作
①Last week 300 people ______________ came to visit the Shaolin Temple.
上周共有300人來參觀少林寺。
②______________ 24% believe that the reform will be beneficial to the country and good for themselves.
總計(jì)24%的人相信這次改革對(duì)他們個(gè)人和國家來說都是有益的。
答案：①in total　②A total of

a total of 總數(shù)為……
in total＝in all 總計(jì)；總共
total adj. 總的；整個(gè)的　n. 總數(shù)；合計(jì)

③　signal　vi.& vt. 發(fā)信號(hào)　n. 信號(hào)(P23)

(1)單句語法填空
①The policeman signalled the driver ________ (stop) his car by raising his hand.
②He stood up, ________ (signal) to the police officer that he had finished talking with his client.
答案：①to stop　②signalling
(2)單句寫作
The changing colour of the leaves on the trees ________________ that it will soon be autumn.
樹上葉子顏色的改變發(fā)出秋天到來的信號(hào)。
答案：sends out the signal

(1)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (to) sb. that ... 示意某人……
(2)a traffic signal 交通信號(hào)
send out a signal 發(fā)出信號(hào)

④　arise　vi. (arose, arisen) 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生(P23)

(1)單句語法填空
A number of high buildings ________ (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
答案：have arisen
(2)單句寫作
①It can't be too careful while driving; accidents often ____________ carelessness.
開車時(shí)越小心越好，事故往往是由疏忽大意引起的。
②The sun ________ in the east and sets in the west.
太陽東升西落。
③The book, The Story of Semiconductors, ________ the boy's ________ in physics.
《半導(dǎo)體的故事》這本書激發(fā)了這個(gè)男孩對(duì)物理的興趣。
④He ________________ so that he could make himself heard by all the students.
他提高了嗓音，以便學(xué)生都能聽見。
答案：①arise from　②rises?、踑rouses; interest?、躵aised his voice

原形
詞性詞義
過去式
過去分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
arise
(vi.) 出現(xiàn)；
發(fā)生；起身
arose
arisen
arising
rise
(vi.) 升起；
增長；上升
rose
risen
rising
續(xù)表
原形
詞性詞義
過去式
過去分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
raise
(vt.) 舉起；
撫養(yǎng)；飼養(yǎng)
raised
raised
raising
arouse
(vt.) 喚醒；
激起
aroused
aroused
arousing

①　as a result 結(jié)果；因此(P18)

單句寫作
①We've spent a lot of money on advertising tourism. ______________， more and more visitors come to our family hotel.
我們花很多錢為旅游業(yè)做廣告。結(jié)果，越來越多的游客來到我們的家庭賓館。
②______________ the support from the government, the villages become more comfortable to live in.
由于政府的支持，鄉(xiāng)村變得越來越宜居。
③Regular exercise can ______________ reducing stress.
定期鍛煉會(huì)減少壓力。
④His difficulty in walking ______________ a childhood illness.
他行走困難是因?yàn)樾r(shí)候的病癥。
答案：①As a result?、贏s a result of?、踨esult in?、躵esults from

(1)as a result of由于……的原因
without result 徒勞；毫無結(jié)果
(2)result from 因……引起
result in 導(dǎo)致；致使

②　in a way 從某種意義上；在某種程度上(P23)

單句寫作
①____________， he has made great progress this term.
在某種程度上，他在這學(xué)期已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)步。
②In no way __________________ when you are faced with difficulties.
面對(duì)困難時(shí)，你決不應(yīng)該灰心喪氣。
③That is how the car works. ______________， this is the engine.
那就是汽車是怎么運(yùn)行的，順便說一下，這就是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。
答案：①In a way?、趕hould you lose heart?、跙y the way

all the way 一路上；自始至終
by the way 順便說一下；順便問一下
in no way 一點(diǎn)也不；決不(位于句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)使用部分倒裝)
in this way 用這種方法
in the way 擋道；礙事
on the way (to ...) 在(去……的)途中

③　deal with 處理；安排；對(duì)付(P24)

(1)單句改錯(cuò)
What did you deal with that difficult situation?
_______________________________________________________________
答案：What→How或deal→do
(2)單句寫作
①It is true that I don't know how to ____________ their problem, but I do know what to ____________ my problem.
我真的不知道怎么處理他們的問題，但我確實(shí)知道如何處理自己的問題。
②As for what we should ____________ the old machine, we held a heated discussion.
至于如何處理舊機(jī)器，我們展開了激烈的討論。
答案：①deal with; do with?、赿o with

do with sth. 處理/對(duì)付某事
have something/nothing to do with與……有關(guān)/無關(guān)
do a deal 達(dá)成協(xié)議
a good deal 合算的買賣
It's a deal. 就這么辦。/成交。

deal with常與疑問詞how連用，而do with常與疑問詞what連用，二者均表示“如何/怎么處理/對(duì)付……”。

①　[教材原句]As time went by, I was made smaller.(P18)
隨著時(shí)間的推移，我被制作得更小了。

單句寫作
①When in Rome, do ____________.
入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
②__________________， I gradually adapted myself to the school life.
隨著時(shí)間的推移，我逐漸適應(yīng)了學(xué)校生活。
③Tall ____________， she couldn't reach the oranges.
她雖然長得這么高，卻仍夠不著那些橙子。
④______________， nearly 10% of students lack sleep because there is much homework to do.
你可以看出，由于作業(yè)繁多，將近10%的學(xué)生缺乏睡眠。
答案：①as Romans do?、贏s time went by　③as she was
④As you can see

(1)as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，譯為“隨著……”，也可以表達(dá)“一邊……，一邊……”的意思；
(2)as還可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句、比較狀語從句及定語從句；
(3)as也可作介詞，意為“作為”，經(jīng)常構(gòu)成短語，如work as, serve as, describe ... as ... 等。

as作為連詞，意為“隨著”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；with作為介詞，意為“隨著”，后跟v.-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，構(gòu)成with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，作時(shí)間狀語。

②　[教材原句]Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! (P18)
隨著時(shí)間的推移，我的記憶能力發(fā)展得如此之快，就像一頭大象一樣，從來不會(huì)忘記告訴我的任何事情！

單句語法填空
①The washing machine ________ (repair) for two hours. I don't know how long I will continue to wait.
②This book ________ (translate) into many languages up to now.
答案：①has been repaired　②has been translated

(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句式結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定式
主語＋have/has been done ...
否定式
主語＋have/has not been done ...
一般疑問式
Have/Has＋主語＋been done ...？
特殊疑問式
疑問詞＋have/has＋主語＋been done ...？
(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法
①表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，通常與already, yet, never, recently等副詞及時(shí)間狀語so far, by now, up till now, since, before等連用。
②表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。
課文回練 升華運(yùn)用
The history of computers began in 1642 in France. They were first built only as __1__ (calculate) machines, and __2__ (late) as analytical machines that could “think” __3__ (logic) and produce an answer quicker than any person. Still later, __4__ “universal machine” was built to solve mathematical problems, __5__ made computers huge! As the years __6__ (go) by, computers were made smaller, quicker __7__ cleverer. Later, computers were connected by a network and brought into common people's homes to deal __8__ information and help communication between people around the world. Since __9__ (they) birth, computers have always __10__ (design) to serve the human race.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.calculating　2.later　3.logically　4.the　5.which　6.went　7.and　8.with　9.their　10.been designed
基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo) 自主訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ________ (promise) before.
答案：have been promised　由主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及從句的時(shí)間副詞before可知，本從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且they和promise之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填have been promised。
2．________ (person), I used to try effective methods to achieve my academic goals.
答案：Personally　副詞personally “就我而言”，相當(dāng)于personally speaking。
3．It won't be long ________ we know the result of the experiment.
答案：before　It won't be long before ... “不久之后就……”，是固定句式。
4．He was ________ (total) uninterested in sports.
答案：totally　應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語was uninterested in，故填totally。
5．An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the ________ (solve) clearly in mind.
答案：solution　由空格前的the可知此處應(yīng)用名詞solution “解決方法”。
6．A man stood up and crossed his arms over his head, ________ (signal) that he was strongly opposed.
答案：signalling　句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞stood和crossed，由空格前逗號(hào)可知應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，且signal與邏輯主語A man之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且signal和句子謂語stood up及crossed所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，因此填signalling。
7．Several problems like those ________ (arise) at the power plant so far.
答案：have arisen　由“so far”可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
8．The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ________ (explore) society for real-life experience.
答案：to explore　have an opportunity to do sth. “有機(jī)會(huì)做某事”。
9．The law needs to be ________ (simple)．
答案：simplified　need to do sth. “需要做某事”，由設(shè)空前的be動(dòng)詞及句意可知，此處需用動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填simplified。
10．We received 400 ________ (apply) for the job.
答案：applications　由修飾限定詞400可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞，且用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Ⅱ.單句寫作
1．With time ________ (推移), people in the village become richer and richer.
答案：going by
2．The silk clothes sell well, because they __________________ (質(zhì)量上乘).
答案：are of high quality
3．People raised their awareness of protecting environment _______________.
從那時(shí)起人們就提高了他們的環(huán)保意識(shí)。
答案：from then on
4．______________________________________________________________
在某種程度上，在過去的一年里他們一直都在幫我學(xué)漢語。 (in a way)
答案：In a way, they have been helping me with my Chinese in the past year.
5．_______________________________________________________________
在老師幫助下，我在英語演講比賽中獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。
答案：With the help of the teacher/With the teacher's help, I won the first prize in the English Speech Contest.
Ⅲ.語法填空
All of us have read thrilling stories. In many of __1__ (they) the hero had only a __2__ (limit) and specified time to live. Sometimes it was as long as a year; sometimes as short as twenty-four hours, __3__ we were always interested in __4__ (discover) just how the dying man chose to spend his last days or his last hours.
Such stories set up thinking, wondering __5__ we should do under similar circumstances. What __6__ (happy) should we find in reviewing the past, and what regrets? Sometimes, I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day __7__ if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would stress __8__ (sharp) the values of life.
I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being __9__ (be) stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him __10__ (much) appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文，主要描述了作者對(duì)生活的感悟，即努力過好每一天，珍惜眼下的生活。
1．them　考查代詞。介詞of后接人稱代詞的賓格形式。they的賓格為them。
2．limited　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處limited和specified是并列關(guān)系，一起修飾time，所以填limit的形容詞形式limited。
3．but　考查連詞。句意：有時(shí)長達(dá)一年，有時(shí)短到24小時(shí)，但是我們總是對(duì)弄清楚垂死的人選擇如何度過最后的時(shí)光或最后的幾個(gè)小時(shí)感興趣。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用but表示轉(zhuǎn)折。
4．discovering　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。固定搭配be interested in后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填discovering。
5．what　考查賓語從句的連接詞。動(dòng)詞wonder后的賓語從句中缺少動(dòng)詞do的賓語，所以用連接詞what引導(dǎo)。
6．happiness　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。感嘆句中，what修飾名詞，happy的名詞形式為happiness。
7．a(chǎn)s　考查固定搭配。句意：有時(shí)我想，把每天都當(dāng)作生命的最后一天來度過也不失為一個(gè)很好的生命法則。as if是固定搭配，意為“似乎，好像”，符合語境。
8．sharply　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞stress。故填sharply，意為“大幅度地”。
9．were　考查虛擬語氣。句意：我常常想，如果每個(gè)人在他成年的早期有一段時(shí)間處于眼盲、耳聾的狀態(tài)，那會(huì)是一種幸事。根據(jù)句意可知，本句為虛擬語氣。根據(jù)主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞“would be”可知，if從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞一律用were。
10．more　考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。appreciative是多音節(jié)形容詞，本句表示“黑暗讓他更加感激光明”，應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)形式，故填more。
Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)
Thanks for your concern in your letter about the smog which frequent strikes some areas of China. I'm also very worrying about such a terrible weather. It has brought much inconvenience or rather harm to people's health such as road accident, bad coughs and even lung cancers and so on.
It is known to all, good environment comes from careful protection. But we should do what we can protect it. I believe a small step can make a different. Try to drive less and choose air-friendly products. Only when everyone had the environmental awareness can we have a blue sky. Hope to hear from you and share my good ideas.
答案：
Thanks for your concern in your letter about the smog which strikes some areas of China. I'm also very about such terrible weather. It has brought much inconvenience or rather harm to people's health such as road ， bad coughs and even lung cancers and so on.
is known to all, good environment comes from careful protection. we should do what we can protect it. I believe a small step can make a . Try to drive less and choose air-friendly products. Only when everyone the environmental awareness can we have a blue sky. Hope to hear from you and share good ideas.
難項(xiàng)分析：
第三處：去掉a　考查冠詞。weather是不可數(shù)名詞，不能和不定冠詞搭配。故去掉a。
第七處：protect前加to　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：所以我們應(yīng)該盡我們所能去保護(hù)它。此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。故在protect前加to。
第八處：different→difference　考查固定搭配。make a difference為固定搭配，意為“有影響，起作用”。

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