
第一部分
教材重點(diǎn)全程攻略 Book 4
Unit 1 Women of achievement
基礎(chǔ)自主檢測(cè)
閱讀識(shí)記
Ⅰ.英譯漢
1.welfare n. 福利;福利事業(yè)
2.institute n. 學(xué)會(huì);學(xué)院;協(xié)會(huì)
3.outspoken adj. 直言的;坦誠的
4.sickness n. 疾病;惡心
Ⅱ.漢譯英
1.specialist n. 專家;專業(yè)工作者
2.nest n. 巢;窩
3.childhood n. 童年;幼年時(shí)代
4.generation n. 一代;一輩
高頻應(yīng)用
1.project n. 項(xiàng)目;工程;規(guī)劃
2.campaign n. 運(yùn)動(dòng);戰(zhàn)役 vi. 作戰(zhàn);參加運(yùn)動(dòng)
3.shade n. 蔭;陰涼處 vt. 遮住光線
4.worthwhile adj. 值得的;值得做的 5.bond n. 聯(lián)系;關(guān)系;結(jié)合;紐帶
6.respect vt.& n. 尊敬;尊重;敬意 7.audience n. 觀眾;聽眾;讀者
8.rate n. 比率;速度 9.kindness n. 仁慈;好意
10.modest adj. 謙虛的;謙讓的;適度的
拓展變形
1.achievement (n.) 成就;功績→achieve (vt.) 取得;實(shí)現(xiàn)
2.connection (n.) 連接;關(guān)系→connect (vt.) 聯(lián)系→connected (adj.) 有聯(lián)系的
3.organization (n.) 組織;機(jī)構(gòu);團(tuán)體→organize (vt.) 組織
4.behave (vt.& vi.) 舉動(dòng);(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)→behaviour (n.) 行為;舉止;習(xí)性
5.observe (vt.) 觀察;觀測(cè);遵守→observation (n.) 觀察;觀測(cè)
6.argue (vt.& vi.) 討論;辯論;爭論→argument (n.) 爭論;爭辯;爭吵
7.entertainment (n.) 款待;娛樂;娛樂表演→entertain (vt.& vi.) 使愉快;款待→entertained (adj.) 愉快的;高興的→entertaining (adj.) 令人愉快的
8.crowd (n.) 人群;觀眾 (vt.) 擠滿;使擁擠→crowded (adj.) 擁擠的
9.inspire (vt.) 鼓舞;激發(fā);啟示→inspired (adj.) 受到鼓舞的;有靈感的→inspiring (adj.) 鼓舞人心的→inspiration (n.) 鼓舞;靈感
10.support (n.& vt.) 支持;擁護(hù)→supporter (n.) 支持者;擁護(hù)者→supporting (adj.) 次要的;支持的;輔助性的
11.refer (vi.) 談到;參考;查閱→reference (n.) 提及;涉及;參考;查閱→referred (過去式/過去分詞)
12.intend (vt.) 計(jì)劃;打算→intention (n.) 打算;目的;意圖
13.emergency (n.) 突發(fā)事件;緊急情況→emergent (adj.) 緊急的
14.considerate (adj.) 考慮周到的→consider (v.) 考慮;認(rèn)為→consideration (n.) 考慮;體諒→considering (prep.) 考慮到;就……而論
15.deliver (vt.) 遞送;生(小孩兒);接生;發(fā)表(演說等)→delivery (n.) 投遞;交貨;分娩
1.以-tion結(jié)尾的名詞
①connection 連接,關(guān)系
②admiration 羨慕,欽佩
③construction 建造,建設(shè)
④pollution 污染
2.后綴-ation 的高頻名詞
①inspiration 靈感;鼓舞
②consideration 考慮
③celebration 慶祝;慶典
④congratulation 祝賀
⑤appreciation 欣賞;感激
⑥civilization 文明
⑦expectation 期望
⑧adaptation 適應(yīng);改編本
3.后綴-ment構(gòu)成的抽象名詞
①entertainment 娛樂
②adjustment 調(diào)整
③agreement 協(xié)議
④amusement 娛樂,消遣
⑤announcement 宣布
⑥appointment 約定
4.以-ency結(jié)尾的高頻名詞
①emergency 緊急情況
②efficiency 效率;功效
③tendency 趨向;趨勢(shì)
④fluency 流利;流暢
5.以-ist結(jié)尾的高頻名詞
①specialist 專家
②journalist 記者
③psychologist 心理學(xué)家
④economist經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家
⑤novelist 小說家
⑥tourist 旅行者,觀光客
一 動(dòng)詞+介/副詞
1.devote ... to ... 獻(xiàn)身于……;專心于……
2.move off 離開;起程;出發(fā)
3.work out 解決;鍛煉身體;結(jié)果是
4.crowd in (想法、問題等)涌上心頭;涌入腦海
5.look down upon/on 蔑視;瞧不起
6.refer to 查閱;參考;談到
7.come across (偶然)遇見;碰見
8.carry on 繼續(xù);堅(jiān)持
二 其他
9.lead/live a ... life 過著……的生活
10.by chance碰巧;湊巧
1.“v.+off”短語速記
①move off 離開;出發(fā) ②show off 炫耀;賣弄
③pay off 還清;取得好結(jié)果 ④take off 起飛;脫掉
⑤put off 推遲
⑥give off 發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味等)
⑦fall off 從……掉下來 ⑧set off 出發(fā);引爆
2.“動(dòng)詞+on”必備短語一覽
①carry on 繼續(xù);堅(jiān)持 ②keep on 繼續(xù)前進(jìn)/工作
③decide on 決定 ④depend on 依靠,依賴
⑤move on 繼續(xù)前進(jìn) ⑥insist on 堅(jiān)持
⑦pass on 傳遞 ⑧get on 上車
⑨hand on 傳遞 ⑩rely on 依靠,依賴
1.“only+狀語”置于句首的倒裝句
Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to_begin_her_project (使她得以開始自己的計(jì)劃). (教材P2)
2.once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語
Once_I_stop (一旦我停下來), it all comes crowding_in (涌上心頭) and I remember the chimps in laboratories. (教材P2)
3.it作形式主語的主語從句
Suddenly it_hit_me (我忽然想起) how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. (教材P6)
4.It is/was ... that/who ... 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
Further reading made me realize that it_was_hard_work_and_determination_as_well_as_her_gentle_nature_that (是苦干、決心和善良的天性) got her into medical school. (教材P6)
5.形容詞短語作狀語
There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired_after_a_day's_work (在勞累一天之后), went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her. (教材P6)
單句語法填空
1.________(follow) Jane's way of studying chimps, our group ________ (be) all going to visit them in the forest.
答案:Following; are
2.________(watch) a family of chimps wake up ________ (be) our first activity of the day.
答案:Watching; is
3.This means ________ (go) back to the place where we left the family ________ (sleep) in a tree the night before.
答案:going; sleeping
4.Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the tree the family begins to wake up and move off.
答案:while
5.She spent years ________ (observe) and recording their daily activities.
答案:observing
6.One important thing she discovered was ________ chimps hunt and eat meat.
答案:that
7.She has helped to set up special places ________ they can live safely.
答案:where
8.By chance I came ________ an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, ________ specialist in women's diseases.
答案:across; a
9.It was a small book ________ (explain) how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.
答案:explaining
10.I realized that the text ________ (intend) for women in the countryside.
答案:was intended
考點(diǎn)步步?jīng)_關(guān)
1 behave vt.& vi.舉動(dòng);(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)
Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.(P2)
簡研究這些黑猩猩家族已經(jīng)很多年了,她幫助人們了解了黑猩猩跟人類的行為是多么的相似。
(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 對(duì)待某人好/差
behave oneself 守規(guī)矩;表現(xiàn)得體
(2)well-behaved adj. 表現(xiàn)好的
badly-behaved adj. 表現(xiàn)差的
(3)behavio(u)r n. 舉止;行為
即時(shí)練1
單句語法填空
①They behaved badly ________ the guests, which made us very disappointed.
②I think all of us should mind our ________ (behave) in public places.
③Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave ________.
答案:①to/towards?、赽ehaviour?、踭hemselves
2 observe vt. 觀測(cè);觀察;遵守;慶祝
She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. (P2)
她花了多年的時(shí)間來觀察并記錄黑猩猩的日?;顒?dòng)。
(1)observe sb. do sth. 觀察到某人做某事(全過程)
observe sb. doing sth. 觀察到某人正在做某事
observe that ... 觀察……
(2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通規(guī)則
observe Christmas 慶祝圣誕節(jié)
(3)observation n. 觀察;觀測(cè)
under observation 在監(jiān)視下;在觀察中
[名師點(diǎn)津] 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中,observe后充當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語的不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式中的to要還原出來,即sb./sth. is observed to do sth.。
即時(shí)練2
單句語法填空
①Rules should be worked out and strictly ________ (observe).
②His neighbour observed a stranger ________ (go) into his house.
③Tom was observed ________ (steal) something from the shop.
④Someone is observed ________ (open) the door.
⑤His order was to keep the men under ________ (observe).
答案:①observed?、趃o ③stealing?、躷o open ⑤observation
3 argue vi.& vt.討論;辯論;爭論
She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.(P2)
她主張應(yīng)該讓野生動(dòng)物留在野外生活,而不能用于娛樂或廣告。
(1)argue for ... 為……而爭論;為……而辯護(hù)
argue against 爭辯/反對(duì)
argue with sb. about/over sth.與某人爭辯某事
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 說服某人做/不做某事
argue that ... 認(rèn)為/主張……
(2)argument n.爭論;爭辯;論點(diǎn)
即時(shí)練3
單句語法填空
①As far as I know, they argue ________ the right to vote.
②It's no use ________ (argue) about the question with him, for he won't change his opinion.
③We tried many ways to argue him ________ accepting our advice, but in vain.
④We had an ________ (argue) with the waiter over the bill.
答案:①for?、赼rguing?、踚nto?、躠rgument
4 intend vt.計(jì)劃;打算
I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. (P6)
我仔細(xì)地看了這篇文章,了解到那是為農(nóng)村婦女寫的。
(1)intend to do sth./doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事
(2)be intended to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備做某事
be intended for 專為……而設(shè)計(jì);專供……用
(3)intend that ... 打算……
(4)intention n.打算;意圖;目的
with the intention of 抱有……的目的
即時(shí)練4
單句語法填空
①The school being built at present is said to be intended ________the disabled children.
②I'm writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. I intend ________ (join) a Dragon Boat Training Camp.
③They ________ (intend) to go into the country for the day, but were put off by reports of traffic jams.
④This programme was set up with an ________ (intend) of providing help for homeless people.
答案:①for?、趖o join/joining?、踙ad intended?、躨ntention
單句寫作——句式升級(jí)
⑤The programme turned out to be successful. The programme was intended to offer children regular opportunities to develop confidence and independence.
a.普通表達(dá):
The programme ____________________________ children regular opportunities to develop confidence and independence turned out to be successful. (定語從句)
b.高級(jí)表達(dá):
The programme ______________________ children regular opportunities to develop confidence and independence turned out to be successful.(分詞短語作定語)
答案:a.which/that was intended to offer b.intended to offer
1
look down upon/on 蔑視;輕視;瞧不起
教材
原句
Many people look down upon poor people.(P4)
許多人瞧不起窮人。
look up to 尊敬;仰視
look forward to 盼望;期待
look into 調(diào)查;審查
look up 抬頭看;查閱
look on/upon ... as ... 把……看作……
look out (for ...) 注意;留意;留神(……)
look through 瀏覽;翻閱
即時(shí)練1
用look相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空
①Do not ________________ him! I am sure he is a diamond in the rough.
②I've always ______________ Tom for his courage and determination.
③The police have received the complaint, and they are ________________ it.
④We ________________ a member of the family.
⑤I ______________ today's newspapers but I found nothing important.
答案:①look down upon ②looked up to?、踠ooking into?、躭ook upon/on you as?、輑ooked through
2
refer to 查閱;參考;提及;指的是
教材
原句
If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb. (P5)
如果單詞“group”指的是各個(gè)成員,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
(1)refer to ... as ... 把……稱作……
refer sth. to sb. 把某物提交給某人(解決)
(2)reference n. 涉及;提及;參考;查閱
in/with reference to 關(guān)于
即時(shí)練2
寫出下列句中refer to的含義
①If you don't know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.________
②When giving the lecture, he referred to his note from time to time.________
③You should refer this question to our teacher for an answer.________
④She always refers to Ben as “that nice man”.________
答案:①查閱?、趨⒖肌、厶峤弧、芴峒?br />
單句語法填空
⑤The scientist referred to the discovery ________ the most exciting new development in this field.
⑥You should refer this matter ________ the head office for a decision.
⑦The result of the research is for ________ (refer) only.
答案:⑤as?、辴o?、遰eference
1
Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to_ begin her project.(P2)
翻譯
她母親頭幾個(gè)月來幫過她的忙,這才使她得以開始自己的計(jì)劃。
(1)該句為“only+狀語”置于句首時(shí),句子使用部分倒裝的用法。only置于句首修飾作狀語的副詞或介詞短語時(shí),句子要倒裝。only置于句首修飾狀語從句時(shí),主句要用部分倒裝語序,從句不用倒裝語序。only在句首修飾主語無須倒裝。
(2)含有否定意義的副詞或連詞,如never, not, not only, little, seldom, hardly, not until, neither, nor, no sooner等放在句首時(shí),句子要用部分倒裝形式,即把助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞置于主語之前。需要注意的是,在no sooner ... than ... 和hardly ... when ... 引導(dǎo)的句子中,主句常用過去完成時(shí),從句常用一般過去時(shí)。
即時(shí)練1
單句寫作
①一個(gè)人只有在離開家時(shí),才會(huì)意識(shí)到家的溫暖。
________________ one is away from home ________________ how nice home is.
②他不僅讀了這本書,而且他還記住他所讀的內(nèi)容了。
______________________, but he also remembered what he had read.
③鈴一響,學(xué)生們就沖出了教室。
______________________ the students rushed out of the classroom.
答案:①Only when; does one realize?、贜ot only did he read the book?、跦ardly had the bell rung when
2
Suddenly it_hit_me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. (P6)
翻譯
我突然想起在那個(gè)年代,一個(gè)女子去學(xué)醫(yī)是多么困難啊。
句中使用了“It hit(s) me+從句”結(jié)構(gòu),意思是“我突然想到……”,it在句中作形式主語。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有:
It occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想到……
It strikes sb. that ... 某人突然想到……
即時(shí)練2
一句多譯
他突然想到第二天上午他要參加一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。
①____________________ he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (occur)
②________________ he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (hit)
③________________ he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (strike)
答案:①It occurred to him that?、贗t hit him that ③It struck him that
主謂一致
概念:主謂一致是指句子中的謂語在人稱、數(shù)方面要與作主語的名詞或代詞保持一致。
主謂一致的三個(gè)原則:主謂一致分為語法一致、意義一致、就近一致。
1.語法一致原則
語法一致指的是主語和謂語在語法形式上保持一致。主語為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù);主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)。
①He likes watching TV while we like playing football.
他喜歡看電視,而我們喜歡踢足球。
2.意義一致原則
意義一致是指主語和謂語根據(jù)意思上的單、復(fù)數(shù)確定其一致關(guān)系。若主語表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語用復(fù)數(shù);若表示單數(shù)意義,謂語用單數(shù)。
②Five minutes is enough.
五分鐘足夠了。
③The crew are paid to do all the work on the ship.
全體船員被雇來做船上所有的工作。
3.就近一致原則
就近一致原則是指當(dāng)句子有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)與其最鄰近的主語確定人稱和數(shù)的形式,如由下列詞語連接的并列主語:or, either ... or ..., nor, neither ... nor ..., not ... but ..., not only ... but also ...等。
④Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it.
學(xué)生們和老師都對(duì)此不感興趣。
[重點(diǎn)提示]
as well as, rather than, together/along with, except, but, besides, including等引出短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上要與這些結(jié)構(gòu)前面的主語保持一致(即與較遠(yuǎn)的那個(gè)主語一致)。
集合名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致
1.通常用作復(fù)數(shù)的集合名詞,如:police, people, cattle等作主語時(shí),謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)。
⑤Be calm, the police are coming.
鎮(zhèn)靜,警察就要來了。
2.只用作單數(shù)的不可數(shù)集合名詞,如:clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furniture, scenery, jewellery, information, equipment等作主語時(shí),其后謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。
⑥Much equipment is needed in our lab.
我們實(shí)驗(yàn)室需要許多設(shè)備。
3.既可以表單數(shù)意義也可表復(fù)數(shù)意義的集合名詞,如:family, group, class, grade, team, army, nation, crowd, population, company, government, committee等作主語時(shí),根據(jù)其代表的意義決定謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。即表示整體意義時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);表示個(gè)體意義時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。
⑦Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(強(qiáng)調(diào)整體)
在我們學(xué)校,我們班在踢足球方面比其他任何一個(gè)班都好。
⑧His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.(強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體)
他的家人正等著他從國外回來。
即時(shí)練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
答案:is regarded
2.Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
答案:is
3.My family ________ the largest one in our village. Besides, my family ________ all party members. (be)
答案:is; are
4.To learn one or two foreign languages ________ (be) very important nowadays.
答案:is
5.It is important to remember that success ________ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ (take) years to achieve.
答案:is; takes
Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)
1.The league secretary and monitor were asked to make a speech at the meeting last week.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:were→was
2.Each boy and each girl want to go to the cinema.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:want→wants
3.Not only the students but also the teacher wish for a holiday.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:wish→wishes
4.Whether he will help us with it don't matter too much.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:don't→doesn't
5.The teacher together with some students are visiting the factory now.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:are→is
基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)演練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.Do you want to get this book ________ (deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself?
答案:delivered
2.He has decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile ________ (buy) it.
答案:to buy/buying
3.I ________ (intend) to take a holiday last year, but wasn't able to get away.
答案:had intended
4.He made such an ________ (inspire) speech that everybody got excited.
答案:inspiring
5.He gave up the plan chiefly because it ________ (support) by none of them.
答案:was supported
6.Joanna left her husband because of his unacceptable ________ (behave).
答案:behaviour
7.Gun control is a subject ________ which Americans have argued for a long time.
答案:about
8.He was observed ________ (follow) her closely yesterday.
答案:to follow
9.There is no doubt that flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great ________ (achieve).
答案:achievement
10.Only later did ________ hit me that I shouldn't have told her the story.
答案:it
Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)
1.It is considerate for you not to make any noise while the others are having a rest.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:for→of
2.We did all we could inspire his creative thinking, expecting that he could think up some new ideas for the project.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:第一個(gè)could后加to
3.Since you're alone, why not joining us in playing the game?
_________________________________________________________________
答案:joining→join
4.The woman, together with her husband and two children, all looking anxious, were asking the guard to let them through then.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:were→was
5.The young girl devotes all her spare time to study English.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:study→studying
Ⅲ.教材微寫作
A.根據(jù)提示完成句子
1.戴西一生都奉獻(xiàn)給了無家可歸的兒童。(devote)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案:Daisy has devoted all her life to the homeless children.
2.她的行為贏得了所有人的尊重。(behaviour; respect)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案:Her behaviour has won everyone's respect.
3.我碰見了戴西,她應(yīng)邀發(fā)表演講。(come across; deliver)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案:I came across Daisy, who was invited to deliver a speech.
4.她認(rèn)為照顧孩子是平凡的工作,但是不要瞧不起平凡的工作。(look down upon)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案:She holds the belief that caring for children is an ordinary job, but don't look down upon ordinary jobs.
5.一旦開始做一件事情,你就必須堅(jiān)持下去,否則你將一事無成。(carry on)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案:Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it or you will never achieve anything.
B.將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴(yán)密的短文,注意書寫規(guī)范
答案:Daisy has devoted all her life to the homeless children. Therefore, her behaviour has won everyone's respect. Recently, I came across Daisy, who was invited to deliver a speech. She holds the belief that caring for children is an ordinary job, but don't look down upon ordinary jobs. Once you begin to do something, you must carry on with it, or you will never achieve anything.
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