
Unit 3 A taste of English humour
基礎(chǔ)自主檢測(cè)
閱讀識(shí)記
Ⅰ.英譯漢
1.homeless adj. 無家的;無家可歸的
2.leather n. 皮革
3.budget n. 預(yù)算;開支
4.vast adj. 巨大的;遼闊的
5.porridge n. 粥;麥片粥
6.drunk adj. 醉的
Ⅱ.漢譯英
1.moustache n. 小胡子
2.chew vt.& vi. 嚼碎;咀嚼(食物)
3.actress n. 女演員
4.pancake n. 烙餅;薄餅
5.detective n. 偵探
6.mountainous adj. 多山的;山一般的
7.mess n. 臟或亂的狀態(tài)
高頻應(yīng)用
1.content adj. 滿足的;滿意的 n. 滿足 vt. 使?jié)M足
2.ordinary adj. 平常的;普通的
3.throughout prep. 遍及;貫穿 adv. 到處;始終;全部
4.worn adj. 用舊的;用壞的;破爛的
5.overcome vt.& vi. 戰(zhàn)勝;克服
6.outstanding adj. 突出的;杰出的;顯著的
7.gesture n. 姿態(tài);手勢(shì) vi. 做手勢(shì)
8.occasion n. 時(shí)刻;場(chǎng)合
9.slide vt.& vi. (使)滑動(dòng);(使)滑行 n. 滑;滑動(dòng);幻燈片
10.whisper n. 耳語;低語 vt.& vi. 低語;小聲說
拓展變形
1.humour (n.) 幽默;滑稽→humorous (adj.) 幽默的;滑稽的
2.performer (n.) 表演者;演出者→perform (vt.) 表演→performance (n.) 表現(xiàn);表演;業(yè)績(jī)
3.astonish (vt.) 使驚詫→astonishing (adj.) 令人感到驚訝的→astonishment (n.) 驚詫;震驚→astonished (adj.) 驚詫的
4.fortunate (adj.) 幸運(yùn)的;吉利的→fortunately (adv.) 幸運(yùn)地→unfortunately (反義詞) (adv.) 不幸地→fortune (n.) 運(yùn)氣;財(cái)富
5.bored (adj.) 厭煩的→boring (adj.) 令人厭煩的
6.entertain (vt.& vi.) 使歡樂;款待→entertaining (adj.) 愉快的;有趣的→entertainment (n.) 娛樂
7.failure (n.) 失敗(者);失敗的人或事→fail (vi.) 失敗
8.convince (vt.) 使信服→convincing (adj.) 令人信服的→convinced (adj.) 堅(jiān)信不移的;確信的
9.direct (vt.& vi.) 導(dǎo)演;指示;指揮 (adj.) 直的;直接的;直率的→direction (n.) 指導(dǎo);方向→director (n.) 導(dǎo)演→directly (adv.) 直接地;徑直地 (conj.) 一……就……
10.particular (adj.) 特殊的;特別的 (n.)(pl.) 特點(diǎn);細(xì)節(jié);細(xì)目→particularly (adv.) 特殊地
11.amuse (vt.) 使發(fā)笑;使愉快→amusing (adj.) 好笑的;有趣的→amused (adj.) 愉快的→amusement (n.) 愉快;快樂
12.explanation (n.) 解釋;講解;說明→explain (vt.& vi.) 解釋;說明
13.react (vi.) 作出反應(yīng);回應(yīng)→reaction (n.) 反應(yīng);回應(yīng)
1.“滿足;滿意”家族
①content adj. 滿足的;滿意的
②satisfied adj. 滿意的;滿足的
③pleased adj. 高興的;滿意的
2.“驚訝”種種
①astonishing adj. 令人驚訝的
②surprising adj. 令人驚訝的;出人意料的
③shocking adj. 令人震驚的
3.表示情緒的高頻形容詞
①depressed 沮喪的
②delighted 欣喜的
③bored 厭煩的
④disappointed 失望的
⑤blue 沮喪的
⑥sad 悲傷的
⑦excited 興奮的
4.“-ous”結(jié)尾的形容詞
①humorous 幽默的
②dangerous 危險(xiǎn)的
③mountainous 多山的
④continuous 連續(xù)的
⑤poisonous 有毒的
⑥generous 慷慨的
⑦famous 著名的
⑧cautious 謹(jǐn)慎的
⑨precious 珍貴的
⑩curious 好奇的
?previous 以前的
?delicious 美味的
一 動(dòng)詞+介/副詞
1.cut off 切斷;斷絕
2.pick out 挑出;辨別出
3.star in 在……擔(dān)任主角;主演
4.react to 對(duì)……作出反應(yīng);回應(yīng)
二 其他
5.up to now 直到現(xiàn)在
6.feel/be content with 對(duì)……滿足
7.badly off 窮的;缺少的
1.“v.+out”常用短語薈萃
①pick out 挑出;辨別出 ?、趓un out 用光;耗盡
③give out 分發(fā);耗盡;用光
④make out 理解;辨認(rèn)出
⑤work out 制定;計(jì)算出;鍛煉;設(shè)法弄懂
⑥carry out 實(shí)行;實(shí)施 ⑦find out 查明;弄清
2.“作出反應(yīng)”的各種表達(dá)聚焦
①react to 對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)
②respond to 響應(yīng);回應(yīng)……
③reply to 回答;答復(fù)……
④make response to 對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)
⑤reflect on 反?。凰伎肌?br />
_________________________________________________________________
1.as引導(dǎo)的定語從句,代替后面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容
As Victor Hugo once said (正如……說的), “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.(教材P18)
2.it作形式賓語
You may find_it_astonishing (感到驚奇) that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. (教材P18)
3.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語
Unfortunately his father died, leaving_the_family_even_worse_off (使得家境更加艱難), so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.(教材P18)
4.by表示“到……為止”,句子常用完成時(shí)
By_his_teens (到他十多歲的時(shí)候), Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England.(教材P18)
單句語法填空
1.He made people laugh at a time ________ they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.
答案:when
2.No one was ever bored ________ (watch) him—his subtle acting made everything ________ (entertain).
答案:watching; entertaining
3.Instead he and another man are hiding in a small hut during a snowstorm with nothing ________ (eat).
答案:to eat
4.They are ________ hungry that the little tramp tries boiling one of his leather shoes for dinner.
答案:so
5.He tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe as if it ________ (be) the finest steak.
答案:were
6.The acting is so ________ (convince) that it makes you believe that it is one of the ________ (good) meals he has ever tasted.
答案:convincing; best
7.He is loved and remembered ________ a great actor ________ could inspire people with great confidence.
答案:as; who
8.In ________ 1990s, Mr Bean became a star using mime to highlight difficult social situations much ________ Charlie Chaplin had done.
答案:the; as
9.Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went ________ (camp) in a mountainous area.
答案:camping
10.I think of ________ short life is and how long the universe has lasted.
答案:how
考點(diǎn)步步?jīng)_關(guān)
1 content adj.滿足的;滿意的 vt.使?jié)M足
n.內(nèi)容;目錄;容量;滿足
He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.(P18)
在人們感到沮喪的時(shí)候,他使他們開懷大笑,于是人們對(duì)自己的生活感到比較滿足。
(1)be content to do sth.=be willing/ready to do sth.
樂于做某事;滿足于做某事
feel/be content with sth.=feel/be satisfied/pleased with sth. 對(duì)某事感到滿意/滿足
(2)content oneself with 使(某人)自己對(duì)……感到滿足
(3)to one's heart's content 盡情地;盡興地
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)content作形容詞時(shí),通常作表語、后置定語或狀語,作前置定語時(shí)要用contented,如a contented expression “滿足的表情”。
(2)作“目錄”講時(shí),總用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
即時(shí)練1
單句語法填空
①Those who are content ________ their present situations will surely make no difference in life.
②That rich man is tired of city life, so he is content ________ (live) in the country.
答案:①with?、趖o live
一句多譯
我們不應(yīng)該使自己僅僅滿足于課本知識(shí)。
③We shouldn't ____________________ learned from the books. (content adj.)
④We should ____________________ learned from the books. (content vt.)
答案:③be content with the knowledge ④never content ourselves with the knowledge
2 astonish vt. 使驚詫
You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak ... (P18)
你可能會(huì)感到驚奇,查理剛能說話時(shí)大人就教他如何唱歌……(1)It astonishes sb. that ... 令某人驚訝的是……
(2)astonishing adj. 令人驚訝的
astonished adj. 感到驚訝的
be astonished at/by sth. 因/對(duì)某事感到驚訝
be astonished to do sth. 對(duì)做某事感到驚訝
(3)astonishment n. 驚訝
to one's astonishment 令某人驚訝的是
即時(shí)練2
單句語法填空
①It is ________ (astonish) that China produces one third of the world's cigarettes.
②He was ________ (astonish) to see how his hometown had changed in the past 10 years.
③To our great ________, he wasn't ________ at the ________ news at all. (astonish)
答案:①astonishing?、赼stonished ③astonishment; astonished; astonishing
一句多譯
使我萬分驚訝的是,她仍然記得我的名字!
④____________________, she still remembered my name! (astonishment)
⑤____________________ she still remembered my name!(astonish;主語從句)
答案:④Much to my astonishment?、軼hat astonished me most was that
3 convince vt. 使確信;使信服
The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted.(P18)
卓別林的表演是那么有說服力,以至于你會(huì)相信這頓飯是他所吃過的最美味的一餐。
(1)convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事
convince sb.to do sth. 說服某人做某事
convince sb. that 使某人確信……
(2)convinced adj. 信服的;確信的
be convinced of/that ... 確信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的
即時(shí)練3
單句語法填空
①We were able to convince the students ________ the need for wider reading.
②They tried to convince him ________ (support) them.
③We ________ (convince) that the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games will be a great success.
答案:①of?、趖o support ③are convinced
單句改錯(cuò)
④I'm afraid that I can't accept your argument, for you haven't offered enough convinced evidence.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:convinced→convincing
單句寫作
⑤你要使他們相信你有能力做好這項(xiàng)工作。
You'll need to ____________________________.
答案:convince them that you are able to do the job well
4 particularly adv.尤其;特別地;特殊地
Children particularly would burst into laughter at his behaviour.(P20)
尤其是孩子們看到他的表演會(huì)大笑。
(1)particular adj. 特殊的;特別的;挑剔的
be particular about/over sth. 對(duì)……講究/挑剔
(2)in particular=particularly 尤其;特別;格外
即時(shí)練4
單句語法填空
①He is a very open-minded man, and won't be particular ________ these small things.
②This kind of food is rich in nutrition, and ________ particular it contains a lot of minerals.
③We shouldn't look down on others, ________ (particular) the disabled.
答案:①about/over?、趇n?、踦articularly
1
badly off 窮的;缺少的
教材
原句
Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.(P18)
不幸的是他的父親去世了,整個(gè)家庭狀況更糟了,因此,查理在童年時(shí)期就要照顧生病的母親和弟弟。
(1)be well off 境況很好的;富裕的
be better off 境況更好的
be worse off 更窮的
(2)be badly off for ... 缺少……
(3)worse and worse 越來越壞;每況愈下
go from bad to worse 越來越壞;每況愈下
to make matters/things worse=(and) what is worse=even worse=worse still 更糟糕的是
即時(shí)練1
單句寫作
①我們剛結(jié)婚時(shí)非常窮,以致房子里只有一間屋子能燒得起暖氣。
We were so ________________ when we first married that we could afford to heat only one room in the house.
②這個(gè)學(xué)校的確非常缺少圖書。
The school is really quite ________________ books.
③我們希望有所改善,然而事情卻每況愈下。
We are hoping for an improvement but things have ____________________.
④更糟糕的是,我的車在途中出了故障。
________________, my car broke down on the way.
答案:①badly off?、赽adly off for?、踘one from bad to worse ④To make matters worse
2
cut off 切斷(水、電、煤氣)供應(yīng);斷絕
教材
原句
Charlie cuts off the leather top of the shoe and shares the shoe with the other fellow.(P18)
查理切掉皮鞋上面的部分,和同伴分享這只鞋。
(1)cut sb. off 中斷(電話通話);中止關(guān)系,與……隔絕
cut sth. off 切掉;割掉;阻擋;停止(供給)
cut ... off (from ... ) 切斷……的去路;使……與外界隔絕
(2)cut out 切去;刪掉;停止
cut up 切碎;使難過
cut down 砍倒;縮減
cut in 插嘴
cut through 劃破,穿透;通過;輕松地解決
即時(shí)練2
用cut相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空
①The village ____________________ by the heavy snow for more than a month.
②She was really __________ when all her friends refused to help her.
③When you give a speech, you'd better __________ unimportant details.
④Don't __________ while others are speaking.
答案:①has been cut off?、赾ut up ③cut out?、躢ut in
3
pick out 挑出;辨別出;挑選;領(lǐng)會(huì);理解
教材
原句
Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti.(P18)
然后他挑出鞋帶來吃,像吃意大利面條一樣。
pick up 拾起;撿起;收拾;整理;(偶然)學(xué)會(huì);用車接某人;接收;(情況)改進(jìn);好轉(zhuǎn)
pick off (瞄準(zhǔn))射擊;去除
pick one's pocket 扒竊;掏包
pick one's way 擇路而行;小心看著路行走
即時(shí)練3
寫出下列句中pick out的含義
①She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.________
②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn't pick him out.________
③Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.________
答案:①挑出?、诒鎰e出?、垲I(lǐng)會(huì);理解
寫出下列句中pick up的含義
④Sally walked onto the platform, picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family!”________
⑤My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days.________
⑥I am wondering whether you can pick me up at the airport.________
⑦Here is a tip I picked up from my mother.________
答案:④拾起;撿起 ⑤身體好轉(zhuǎn)?、抻密嚱幽橙恕、?偶然)學(xué)會(huì)
1
As_Victor_Hugo_once_said,_“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. (P18)
翻譯
維克多·雨果曾經(jīng)說過:“笑容如陽光,驅(qū)走人們臉上的冬天?!标P(guān)于這一點(diǎn),直到今天也沒有人能比查理·卓別林做得更好。
(1)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,可放在主句之前、之后或中間,意為“正如;像”。
(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的常見搭配:
as we all know/as is known to us all 眾所周知
as often happens 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣
as we expect 正如我們預(yù)料的那樣
as you can see 如你所見
as has been said above 如上所述
as is often the case 這是常有的事;情況常常如此
[名師點(diǎn)津] 在such ... as ... 結(jié)構(gòu)中,as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語或賓語;而such ... that ... 結(jié)構(gòu)中,that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,在從句中不作任何成分。
This is such a difficult question as nobody can work out.
這是一個(gè)沒人能解決的難題。
This is such a difficult question that nobody can work it out.
這是一個(gè)如此難的問題,以至于沒人能解決它。
即時(shí)練1
單句語法填空
①Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same ________ they had always been.
答案:as
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
②This is such an interesting book ________ we all like to read.
→This is such an interesting book ________ we all like to read it.
答案:as; that
單句改錯(cuò)
③The air quality in the city, which is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:which→as
2
Unfortunately his father died, leaving_the_family_even_worse_off ...(P18)
翻譯
不幸的是他的父親去世了,整個(gè)家庭狀況更糟了……
leaving ...為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語,表示自然而然的結(jié)果。
現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語常表示“預(yù)料、情理之中”的結(jié)果,而不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表“出乎意料”的結(jié)果,有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),在不定式前加only。
即時(shí)練2
單句語法填空
①A terrible earthquake happened in this country in June, ________ (cause) scores of deaths.
②The sunlight is white and bright, ________ (throw) hard-edged shadows on the ground.
③They reached the company out of breath only ________ (tell) they were fired.
④Her father ran away from home, never ________ (hear) from again.
答案:①causing ②throwing?、踭o be told?、躷o be heard
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語、定語和賓補(bǔ)
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語
1.表示主語的內(nèi)容,可以轉(zhuǎn)換到句首作主語。
①Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
→Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是盡可能使報(bào)告大廳保持干凈。
2.表示主語的某種性質(zhì)和特征,這時(shí)通??梢钥醋餍稳菰~。
②The problem is quite puzzling.
這個(gè)問題令人十分困惑。
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語
動(dòng)詞的-ing形式可以單獨(dú)作定語,也可以構(gòu)成合成詞作定語,但是在更多情況下是分詞短語作定語,包括限制性和非限制性(用逗號(hào)和其他部分分開),在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。
③The baby recognized his mother's smiling face.
這個(gè)嬰兒辨認(rèn)出了他媽媽微笑的臉。
④The lecture, starting at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
昨晚7點(diǎn)開始的那場(chǎng)講座之后,是一項(xiàng)用望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)月亮的觀測(cè)。
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),賓語與分詞動(dòng)作之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,即賓語是其邏輯上的主語。它主要用于以下兩類動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
1.表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等。
⑤Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.
突然我們聽到有人正輕輕地敲窗戶。
2.使役動(dòng)詞,如keep, have, get, leave, catch等。
⑥D(zhuǎn)on't leave the water running all the time.
不要讓水一直流。
⑦I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
我很抱歉讓你一直等。
即時(shí)練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.The question ________ (discuss) at present has something important to do with our daily life.
答案:being discussed
2.The park was full of people, ________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
答案:enjoying
3.On the bank of the river, we found him ________ (sit) on a bench, with his eyes ________ (fix) on a kite in the sky.
答案:sitting; fixed
4.The teacher called Tom to his office because he was caught ________ (cheat) in the exam.
答案:cheating
5.My favorite cartoon is Tom and Jerry. It's so ________ that we often feel ________ when seeing it.(excite)
答案:exciting; excited
Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)
1.The words, usually dealt with current work, were mostly written by himself.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:dealt→dealing
2.I once found my cell phone missed during my stay in the city.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:missed→missing
3.His refusal to help was disappointed.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:disappointed→disappointing
4.Please don't keep the machine run while you are away.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:run→running
5.He remained play computer games beside the table.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:play→playing
基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)演練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet ________ (point) at another person.
答案:pointing
2.The music they are playing sounds so ________ (bore).
答案:boring
3.All work was produced by the students ________ the direction of John Williams.
答案:under
4.Just ________ Yeats said, “Education is not the filling of a pail (桶), but the lighting of a fire.”
答案:as
5.Our government has taken some measures ________ (overcome) the lack of electricity, but it may take some time before we have enough power.
答案:to overcome
6.This is the most ________ (convince) scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.
答案:convincing
7.I can remember few occasions ________ he was absent from class in primary school.
答案:when
8.The snow lasted a week, ________ (result) in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
答案:resulting
9.The ________ (content) you are, the less necessary you'll feel to try to increase your income.
答案:more content
10.At the magic performance, I found it ________ (astonish) that a pigeon appeared out of the magician's empty hand.
答案:astonishing
Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)
1.The sisters whispered each other when they passed this spot.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:whispered后加to
2.The play was so humour that the audience laughed all the way through it.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:humour→humorous
3.All his efforts ended in a failure, because what he thought was not practical.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:去掉a
4.His arguments sound convinced but they're only based on theory.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:convinced→convincing
5.So interesting was the film that we all watched it the second time.
_________________________________________________________________
答案:第二個(gè)the→a
Ⅲ.教材微寫作
A.根據(jù)提示完成句子
1.有時(shí),我們會(huì)見到一些失敗的人。(failure)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案:Sometimes, we see some failures.
2.他們對(duì)生活不滿意,從不想去克服困難。(be content with; overcome)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案:They are never content with their life and never think of overcoming difficulties.
3.他們中有些人很抑郁,不和外界接觸。(depressed; cut off)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案:Some of them are depressed and cut off from the world.
4.還有些人窮困潦倒,以致無家可歸。(badly off; homeless)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案:Some are so badly off that they become homeless.
5.我們應(yīng)該使他們相信生活是美好的。(convince)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
答案:We should convince them that life is wonderful.
B.將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴(yán)密的短文,注意書寫規(guī)范
答案:Sometimes, we see some failures who are never content with their life and never think of overcoming difficulties. Some of them are depressed and cut off from the world. Some are so badly off that they become homeless. We should convince them that life is wonderful.
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