10-新高考II卷閱讀理解高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)之真題解讀+高頻考詞+長(zhǎng)難句分析+拔高突破練-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

+高頻考詞+長(zhǎng)難句分析+拔高突破練（解析版）

命題分析
閱讀理解文章體裁可以分為：應(yīng)用文記敘文說(shuō)明文議論文
雖然閱讀理解的材料內(nèi)容千變?nèi)f化，但考試中的考查方式是有限的，只要能夠掌握以下幾種主要類型題目的閱讀技巧，那么閱讀理解拿高分，甚至拿滿分就是可以做到的了。
閱讀理解題的速選技能，需要結(jié)合下面幾種題型：主旨大意題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，詞義猜測(cè)題。
秒殺技能一主旨大意題
主旨大意題分為兩種：一種是要求歸納標(biāo)題，另一種是歸納段落大意或者文章中心思想。
1. 注意文章的首句和尾句，以及therefre, thus, but, hwever, in shrt這些很可能提示文章主旨的詞語(yǔ)。
2. 分段概括大意，逐項(xiàng)排除最終確定答案。需要注意避免出現(xiàn)概括不夠，如：以偏概全，過(guò)度解讀等人為的主觀臆斷性錯(cuò)誤。
秒殺技能二細(xì)節(jié)理解題
細(xì)節(jié)理解題在考查形式上分為兩種：細(xì)節(jié)查找題與細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
細(xì)節(jié)查找題：比較簡(jiǎn)單，只要能看懂文章，從文章中找到問(wèn)題定位的關(guān)鍵詞句，就可以順利解題。
細(xì)節(jié)推斷題：需要借助同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，概念解析，歸納事實(shí)等方法對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行變換，然后再進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的推理或鑒別。
秒殺技能三推理判斷題
這是閱讀理解的重難點(diǎn)所在，考查形式也多種多樣，除了細(xì)節(jié)理解，還有結(jié)局趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)題，文章來(lái)源推測(cè)題，作者態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)推測(cè)題。
閱讀全文，理解文章大意：具體可以參考主旨大意題的解題步驟，切忌主觀臆斷，常識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)代替文章內(nèi)容或觀點(diǎn)。
避免誤入命題陷阱：第一類陷阱是把第一類陷阱是把原文中的關(guān)鍵詞或限定詞去掉或用其他詞進(jìn)行替換。比如把張三當(dāng)李四，把部分當(dāng)全部，把否定當(dāng)肯定，把將來(lái)發(fā)生當(dāng)成已經(jīng)發(fā)生等。第二類陷阱是在選項(xiàng)中設(shè)置一些與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)的干擾項(xiàng)。這些干擾項(xiàng)本身可能是文章中的原句，但是與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)；或者這些選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容本身符合常識(shí)，但是作者在文中沒(méi)有提及或者與作者觀點(diǎn)不符。
秒殺技能四詞義猜測(cè)題
這種類型的題，主要分為以下三種：
1. 猜測(cè)某個(gè)詞、詞組、句子的意義；
2. 對(duì)文中的多義詞或詞組進(jìn)行定義；
3. 判斷某個(gè)代詞的指代的對(duì)象。
這類題型應(yīng)在精讀中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意：
1.分析長(zhǎng)難句。
2.注意熟詞生義，一詞多義。
真題剖析
（2022年新高考II卷 A篇閱讀理解）應(yīng)用文
Children’s Discvery Museum
General Infrmatin abut Grup Play
Pricing
Grup Play $7/persn
Schlarships
We ffer schlarships t lw-incme schls and yuth rganizatins, subject t availability. Participatin in a pst-visit survey is required.
Schlarships are fr Grup Play admissin fees and/r transprtatin. Transprtatin invices (發(fā)票) must be received within 60 days f yur visit t guarantee the schlarship.
Grup Size
We require ne chaperne (監(jiān)護(hù)人) per ten children. Failure t prvide enugh chapernes will result in an extra charge f $50 per absent adult.
Grup Play is fr grups f 10 r mre with a limit f 35 peple. Fr grups f 35 r mre, please call t discuss ptins.
Hurs
The Museum is pen daily frm 9:30 am t 4:30 pm.
Grup Play may be scheduled during any day r time the Museum is pen.
Registratin Plicy
Registratin must be made at least tw weeks in advance.
Register nline r fill ut a Grup Play Registratin Frm with multiple date and start time ptins.
Once the registratin frm is received and prcessed, we will send a cnfirmatin email within tw business days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chapernes shuld mdel gd behavir fr the grup and remain with students at all times.
●Children are nt allwed unaccmpanied in all areas f the Museum.
●Children shuld play nicely with each ther and exhibits.
●Use yur indr vice when at the Museum.
1. What des a grup need t d if they are ffered a schlarship?
A. Prepay the admissin fees. B. Use the Museum’s transprtatin.
C. Take a survey after the visit. D. Schedule their visit n weekdays.
2. Hw many chapernes are needed fr a grup f 30 children t visit the Museum?
A. One. B. Tw. C. Three. D. Fur.
3. What are children prhibited frm ding at the Museum?
A. Using the cmputer. B. Talking with each ther.
C. Tuching the exhibits. D. Explring the place alne.
【篇章導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章提供了關(guān)于兒童博物館團(tuán)體游的相關(guān)信息。
1．【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Schlarship標(biāo)題下“We ffer schlarships t lw-incme schls and yuth rganizatins, subject t availability. Participatin in a pst-visit survey is required. (我們會(huì)視情況而定，為低收入學(xué)校和青年組織提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，并需要其參與訪問(wèn)后調(diào)查問(wèn)卷)”可知，如果一個(gè)團(tuán)體獲得了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，需要在參加一個(gè)訪后的調(diào)查問(wèn)卷，與選項(xiàng)C“Take a survey after the visit. (接受參觀后的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查)”屬于同義替換，故選C。
2. 【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Grup Size”標(biāo)題下“We require ne chaperne (監(jiān)護(hù)人) per ten children. (我們要求每十個(gè)孩子有一個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人)”可知，10個(gè)孩子需要1個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人，那么30個(gè)孩子則需要3個(gè)監(jiān)護(hù)人。故選C。
3.【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Guidelines”標(biāo)題下“Children are nt allwed unaccmpanied in all areas f the Museum. (無(wú)人陪伴的兒童不得進(jìn)入博物館的所有區(qū)域)”可知，兒童必須在監(jiān)護(hù)人陪伴下才能進(jìn)入博物館，即兒童不能單獨(dú)進(jìn)入博物館進(jìn)行探索。與選項(xiàng)D“Explring the place alne. (獨(dú)自探索博物館)”屬于同義替換，故選D。
閱讀高頻詞
admissin n. 進(jìn)入，準(zhǔn)許加入；承認(rèn)；入場(chǎng)費(fèi)
（高考鏈接 2021 全國(guó)甲卷閱讀理解）It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club.
【譯文】據(jù)說(shuō)歷史是由勝利者書寫的，而這些勝利者為進(jìn)入天才俱樂(lè)部設(shè)定了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
participatin n.參加，參與；分享
guarantee v. 保證，確保
require v. 要求
（高考鏈接 2021 新高考I卷閱讀理解）The staff is friendly and helpful, prviding yu with a map f the city when yu arrive, and ffering advice if yu require sme.
【譯文】工作人員熱情友好，樂(lè)于助人，當(dāng)你到達(dá)時(shí)，他們會(huì)為你提供城市地圖，如果你有需要的話，他們還會(huì)提供游玩建議。
limit v.限制；n. 限度；限制
registratin n. 登記，注冊(cè)；掛號(hào)；登記人數(shù)
at least 至少
長(zhǎng)難句
Failure t prvide enugh chapernes will result in an extra charge f $50 per absent adult.
【解析】本句是簡(jiǎn)單句。主語(yǔ)中心詞failure被動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾。句意：如果不能提供足夠的伴侶，每個(gè)缺席的成年人將被收取50美元的額外費(fèi)用。
Once the registratin frm is received and prcessed, we will send a cnfirmatin email within tw business days.
【解析】本句是主從復(fù)合句。連詞nce引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。句意：一旦收到并處理，我們將在兩個(gè)工作日內(nèi)發(fā)送確認(rèn)郵件。
真題剖析
（2022年新高考II卷 B篇閱讀理解）記敘文
We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal. This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
4. What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prvided shelter fr me. B. Became very clear t me.
C. Tk the pressure ff me. D. Wrked quite well n me.
5. Why did the kid pke the strybk?
A. He tk it fr a tablet cmputer. B. He disliked the clrful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted t read it by himself.
6. What des the authr think f himself?
A. Scially ambitius. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally cmpetent.
7. What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A. He lacks experience in his jb. B. He seldm appears n televisin.
C. He manages a vide department. D. He ften interviews internet stars.
【篇章導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)是一名記者，在春節(jié)期間，作者給孫子拿了一本兒童讀物，孫子卻以為是平板電腦，不停地戳?xí)?br>4. 【答案】B
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal. ”以及畫線詞后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. ”可知，作者是記者，生活在一個(gè)講故事的新時(shí)代，有許多新的多媒體工具。許多年輕人甚至沒(méi)有意識(shí)到它是新的。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，這很正常。而這在春節(jié)假期，作者和兩歲的孫子坐在沙發(fā)上，尤其清楚認(rèn)識(shí)到了這一點(diǎn)。故畫線詞意思是“我很清楚”。故選B。
5. 【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that. (事實(shí)上，他對(duì)書本并不熟悉。他的父親經(jīng)常用一臺(tái)裝有彩色圖片的平板電腦逗他開心，當(dāng)你戳它們的時(shí)候，這些圖片就會(huì)變得栩栩如生。他認(rèn)為我的故事書就是那樣的)”可知，那孩子戳故事書是因?yàn)樗阉?dāng)成了平板電腦。故選A。
6. 【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但從數(shù)字角度來(lái)說(shuō)，我還沒(méi)有毫無(wú)希望的挑戰(zhàn)。我編輯視頻，制作音頻。我用移動(dòng)支付。我甚至建立了網(wǎng)站)”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己懂?dāng)?shù)碼技術(shù)。故選D。
7.【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. (然而，在我的新媒體體驗(yàn)中有一個(gè)明顯的差距：我很少在鏡頭前呆著，因?yàn)槲业哪樖菫殡娕_(tái)而生的)”可知，作者作為記者他很少上電視。故選B。
閱讀高頻詞
realize v. 意識(shí)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)
（高考鏈接 2021 浙江卷閱讀理解）"I ften send pstcards t family and friends," he says t China Daily, "but yu can imagine that after a while, yu never receive as many as yu send, and yu realize that nt everyne is int it, and that's ttally fine."
【譯文】“我經(jīng)常給家人和朋友寄明信片，”他對(duì)《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》說(shuō)，“但你可以想象，過(guò)一段時(shí)間，你收到的明信片不如你寄的那么多，而且你意識(shí)到并不是每個(gè)人都喜歡這樣，但也沒(méi)關(guān)系。”
nrmal adj. 正常的
drp v. 掉落；弄掉；使降低；停止；把除名； n.滴；少量；落差；空投
cnfuse v.混淆，使困惑；攪亂，難以理解
frequently adj. 頻繁地
amuse v. 使發(fā)笑，使娛樂(lè)
challenge v. 挑戰(zhàn)
（高考鏈接 2020 江蘇卷知識(shí)運(yùn)用）Taking n this challenge will bring yu in cntact with smene wh shares yur interests.
【譯文】接受這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)讓你和志同道合的人接觸。
tablet n. 藥片；便簽本；平板電腦；一塊肥皂
hit hme 擊中要害；使人接受或認(rèn)清事實(shí)
長(zhǎng)難句
But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
【解析】句意：但這并沒(méi)有阻止《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》上周請(qǐng)我分享一個(gè)關(guān)于北京、天津和河北整合的視頻項(xiàng)目的個(gè)人故事。這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，stp sb frm ding“阻止某人做某事”。
真題剖析
3.（2022年新高考II卷 C篇閱讀理解）說(shuō)明文
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rse kind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne. "
8. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm. B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
【篇章解讀】本文一篇說(shuō)明文。為解決司機(jī)在開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)造成“分神”，引發(fā)交通事故的問(wèn)題，紐約的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術(shù)來(lái)監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時(shí)候是否使用了手機(jī)。
8. 【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel. ”（在過(guò)去的七年里，大多數(shù)州都禁止司機(jī)發(fā)短信，公共服務(wù)活動(dòng)也嘗試了各種各樣的方法來(lái)說(shuō)服人們?cè)陂_車時(shí)放下手機(jī)。）以及第二段中“Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. ”（然而，無(wú)論以何種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量，這個(gè)問(wèn)題似乎都在惡化。）可知，大多數(shù)州使用了各種各樣的方法說(shuō)服司機(jī)們?cè)陂_車的時(shí)候放下手機(jī)，可是情況卻越來(lái)越糟糕。所以各種方法是無(wú)效的。A選項(xiàng)ineffective意為“無(wú)效的”，與此相符。故選A。
9. 【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws. ”（這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以確定司機(jī)是否發(fā)了短信、發(fā)了郵件，或者做了紐約免提駕駛法不允許的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能夠確定的是司機(jī)是否使用了手機(jī)發(fā)短信、郵件以及其他駕駛法不允許的行為。B 選項(xiàng)意為“是否司機(jī)使用了手機(jī)?！迸c此相符，故選B。
10. 【答案】D
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir. ”（我們需要一些能改變?nèi)藗冃袨榈臇|西，）可知，smething是能夠改變?nèi)藗兊男袨榈氖虑?。根?jù)下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne. ”（他說(shuō)，如果Textalyzer法案成為法律，“人們會(huì)更害怕拿起手機(jī)。）可知，人們的行為會(huì)改變的條件是當(dāng)Textalyzer法案成為法律。收到法律的約束和懲罰，司機(jī)們才不會(huì)在開車的時(shí)候使用手機(jī)。故smething指代的是法律。故選D。
11. 【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意題。縱觀全文，第一段和第二段闡述的是“雖然大多數(shù)州已經(jīng)嘗試了各種各樣的方法來(lái)說(shuō)服人們?cè)陂_車時(shí)放下手機(jī)。可是問(wèn)題卻越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre. ”（部分原因是開車的人越來(lái)越多）可知，解釋了該行為產(chǎn)生的部分原因。第四段至第五段講述的是為了解決該問(wèn)題是紐約立法者提出了一個(gè)新的想法即利用Textalyzer技術(shù)，來(lái)監(jiān)控司機(jī)在開車的時(shí)候是否使用了手機(jī)。最后一段講述的是：相關(guān)人士呼吁該項(xiàng)技術(shù)能夠成為真正的法案由此才能真正的改變?nèi)藗兊男袨?。故B選項(xiàng)Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（發(fā)短信還是在開車？防范短信監(jiān)控器。）適合文章的標(biāo)題。故選B。
閱讀高頻詞
ban v. 禁止；取締； n.禁止；禁令
persuade v. 說(shuō)服
（高考鏈接 2020 新課標(biāo)III卷閱讀理解）I d knw hw upset the shp staff can get , but I try t persuade them t keep smiling.
【譯文】我知道店員會(huì)有多生氣，但我努力說(shuō)服他們保持微笑。
campaign n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)，戰(zhàn)役，活動(dòng)
measure v. 衡量；測(cè)量；量度為； n. 措施；尺度；度量單位
sharply adv. 嚴(yán)厲地；明確地；鋒利地；突然地
require v. 要求
（高考鏈接 2021新高考I卷閱讀理解）Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages.
【譯文】有些樂(lè)曲可能長(zhǎng)達(dá)40分鐘，需要多達(dá)50次翻頁(yè)，其中包括為演奏重復(fù)樂(lè)章時(shí)的回翻。
apprach v. 接近，臨近；對(duì)付，處理；接洽，要求 n. 方法，方式；接近，來(lái)臨；接洽，要求；途徑，道路；相似的事物
a wide range f 大范圍的；許多各種不同的
bradly adv. 寬廣地；完全地；大體上
長(zhǎng)難句
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rse kind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately. "
【解析】本句是并列句。前半句中because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。The chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)，修飾Mark Rse kind。這在一定程度上是因?yàn)槿藗冮_車更多，但國(guó)家公路交通安全管理局局長(zhǎng)馬克·羅斯說(shuō)，分心（分心）駕駛“不幸只是在增加”。
The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
【解析】句意：這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以確定司機(jī)是否剛剛發(fā)短信、發(fā)郵件或做過(guò)任何紐約免提駕駛法不允許的其他事情。Whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞anything。
真題剖析
4.（2022年新高考II卷 D篇閱讀理解）說(shuō)明文
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (無(wú)氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise. ” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all. ”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
12. What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A. The right way f exercising. B. The causes f a heart attack.
C. The difficulty f keeping fit. D. The aging prcess f the heart.
13. In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A. Diet plan. B. Prfessinal backgrund.
C. Exercise type. D. Previus physical cnditin.
14. What des Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C. It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D. The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
15. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use f the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpse f the study.
【篇章解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是鍛煉對(duì)于心臟的好處。
12. 【答案】D
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的““Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. (“想想橡皮筋。一開始，它是靈活的，但把它放在抽屜里20年，它就會(huì)變得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克薩斯大學(xué)的心臟專家本·萊文博士說(shuō)。這就是心臟的變化。)”可知，萊文想通過(guò)提到橡皮筋來(lái)解釋心臟的老化過(guò)程，故選D。
13. 【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. (第一組每周參加三次非有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)——平衡訓(xùn)練和重量訓(xùn)練。第二組在教練的指導(dǎo)下每周進(jìn)行4天或更多的高強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)。)”可知，兩組在研究設(shè)計(jì)上的不同在于運(yùn)動(dòng)類型的不同，故選C。
14. 【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health. (第二組在教練的指導(dǎo)下每周進(jìn)行4天或更多的高強(qiáng)度有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)。兩年后，第二組的心臟健康狀況有了顯著改善。)”和第四段的““We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. (萊文說(shuō):“我們把這些50歲的心臟的時(shí)鐘撥回30或35歲的心臟。”)”可知，萊文的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了通過(guò)有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)，中年人的心臟會(huì)變得更年輕，故選A。
15. 【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference. (但這項(xiàng)研究的規(guī)模很小，需要在更大的人群中重復(fù)進(jìn)行，以確定日常鍛煉的哪些方面會(huì)產(chǎn)生最大的影響。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建議進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。故選C。
閱讀高頻詞
efficient adj. 有效的
exercise n.鍛煉，練習(xí)；
flexible adj. 靈活的
specialist n. 專家
select v. 挑選，選擇
participant n. 參與者
randmly adv. 隨意地，漫不經(jīng)心地
guidance n. 指導(dǎo)，指引
remarkable adj. 引人注目的；卓越的；顯著的；非凡的
determine v. 決定
aspect n. 方面
even if 即使；縱然，雖然
shw up 出現(xiàn)，露面
長(zhǎng)難句
1. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
【解析】句意：幸運(yùn)的是，對(duì)于中年人士來(lái)說(shuō)，萊文發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使你不是一個(gè)熱情的鍛煉者，現(xiàn)在塑形可能有助于改善你衰老的心臟。主句Levine is finding，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。getting in shape 充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中的主句。賓語(yǔ)從句中even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
2.“And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.
【解析】句意：他們變得如此強(qiáng)壯和更健康的原因是，他們的心臟現(xiàn)在可以更好地填充血液，并在運(yùn)動(dòng)中注入（泵送）更多的血液。They gt s much strnger and fitter充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句，其前省略關(guān)系代詞，修飾先行詞the reasn, was為主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。That引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。
The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility.
【解析】句意：如果你還沒(méi)有開始鍛煉，生活中開始鍛煉的最佳時(shí)機(jī)是在中年后期，那時(shí)心臟仍然有靈活性。本句是主從復(fù)合句。If 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句用在了主句之中，可提前翻譯。When引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞age。
But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
【解析】句意：但這項(xiàng)研究規(guī)模很小，需要在更多的人群中重復(fù)進(jìn)行，以確定日常鍛煉的哪些方面有最大的影響。Which引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，作determine的賓語(yǔ)。
拔高突破練（應(yīng)用文，記敘文，說(shuō)明文組合限時(shí)練）
Passage 1 應(yīng)用文
Leslie Nielsen’s childhd was a difficult ne, but he had ne particular shining star in his life — his uncle, wh was a well-knwn actr. The admiratin and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen t make a career (職業(yè)) in acting. Even thugh he ften felt he wuld be discvered t be a n-talent, he mved frward, gaining a schlarship t the Neighbrhd Playhuse and making his first televisin appearance a few years later in 1948. Hwever, becming a full-time, successful actr wuld still be an uphill battle fr anther eight years until he landed a number f film rles that finally gt him nticed.
But even then, what he had wasn’t quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he shuld be ding cmedy but his gd lks and distinguished vice kept him busy in dramatic rles. It wasn’t until 1980 — 32 years int his career — that he landed the rle it wuld seem he was made fr in Airplane! That mvie led him int the secnd half f his career where his cmedic presence alne culd make a mvie a financial success even when mvie reviewers wuld nt rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel cntent in his career? Yes and n. He was thrilled t be ding the cmedy that he always felt he shuld d, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense f curisity, wndering what new rle r challenge might be just arund the cmer. He never stpped wrking, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen’s devtin t acting is wnderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little mre than plain ld hard wrk and determinatin. He shwed us that even a single desire, never given up n, can make fr a remarkable life.
1. Why did Nielsen want t be an actr?
A. He enjyed watching mvies.B. He was eager t earn mney.
C. He wanted t be like his uncle.D. He felt he was gd at acting.
2. What d we knw abut Nielsen in the secnd half f his career?
A. He directed sme high quality mvies.B. He avided taking n new challenges.
C. He fcused n playing dramatic rles.D. He became a successful cmedy actr.
3. What des Nielsen’s career stry tell us?
A. Art is lng, life is shrt.B. He wh laughs last laughs lngest.
C. It’s never t late t learn.D. Where there’s a will there’s a way.
【篇章導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Leslie Nielsen的演藝生涯。
【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過(guò)文章第一段“his uncle, wh was a well-knwn actr. The admiratin and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen t make a career in acting. (他的叔叔，是一位著名的演員。Nielsen的叔叔所贏得的欽佩和尊重激勵(lì)他走上了演藝事業(yè))”可知，Nielsen想當(dāng)演員的原因是想像他叔叔一樣。故選C項(xiàng)。
2.【答案】 D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過(guò)文章第二段“That mvie led him int the secnd half f his career where his cmedic presence alne culd make a mvie a financial success even when mvie reviewers wuld nt rate it highly. (這部電影使他進(jìn)入了職業(yè)生涯的后半段，即使影評(píng)人對(duì)這部電影評(píng)價(jià)不高，但僅僅憑他的喜劇表演就可以使這部電影獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)上的成功)”可知，在Nielsen職業(yè)生涯的后半段，他成了一個(gè)成功的喜劇演員。故選D項(xiàng)。
3.【答案】D
【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，再結(jié)合文章最后一段“He built a hugely successful career with little mre than plain ld hard wrk and determinatin. He shwed us that even a single desire, never given up n, can make fr a remarkable life. (他憑借平凡的努力和決心建立了一個(gè)非常成功的事業(yè)。他告訴我們，即使是只有一個(gè)愿望，永不放棄，也能成就非凡的人生)”可推知，Nielsen的職業(yè)經(jīng)歷告訴我們：有志者事竟成。故選D項(xiàng)。
Passage 2 應(yīng)用文
Fr thse lking t explre these natural wnders, all arund the wrld there are vlcanes yu can get up clse t.
Vesuvius, Italy
Obviusly the mst famus vlcan in the wrld, Vesuvius is cnsidered currently drmant (休眠的), but that desn't mean that it wn't erupt at sme pint.Visiting Vesuvius is mre abut Munt Vesuvius's past, particularly the destructin f Pmpeii in AD 79. Thugh the vlcan seems harmless, the destructin f Pmpeii was during a drmant phase f Vesuvius as well.
Elevatin (海拔): 4,203 ft
White Island, New Zealand
Making headlines recently fr an eruptin that killed at least five peple, White Island, which is uninhabited, is usually a ppular turist attractin. It is als central t New Zealander culture, playing an imprtant rle in Mari legends. T access the island, ne must take a bat tur, and then ne can hike.
Elevatin: 1,053 ft
Kilauea, Hawaii
The mst active vlcan in the wrld is in Hawaii where vlcanes hld lcal cultural legends.Nearby is als the Thurstn Lava Tube which can be visited, as well as the surrunding lush jungles. The vlcan is lcated n the Big Island, s visiting ther attractins, such as Hnlulu is a gd chice.
Elevatin: 4,009 ft
Sakurajima, Japan
Less than 5 miles away frm the city f Kagshima, Sakurajima erupts almst every day.
Visiting the area is very easy, with ships leaving the city every 15 mins. Once there, visitrs can take a hike r visit the bservatry, which is the clsest spt t safely view the eruptin. The lava has created interesting prduce, including the wrld's largest carrt and the smallest range.
Elevatin: 3,665 ft
4.．Which vlcan is the highest?
A．Sakurajima, Japan.
B．Kilauea, Hawaii.
C．Vesuvius, Italy.
D．White Island, New Zealand.
5．What is the similarity between White Island and Kilauea?
A．They belng t New Zealand.
B．They have jungles arund them.
C．They becme headlines recently.
D．They are very imprtant in lcal culture.
6．What can visitrs d when visiting Sakurajima?
A．Taste the smallest range.
B．Enjy destructin f Pmpeii.
C．Listen t lcal cultural legends.
D．G t attractins f the city f Kagshima.
【篇章導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四座人們可以游覽的火山。
4.【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章介紹的四座火山海拔高度的內(nèi)容Vesuvius, Italy “Elevatin (海拔): 4,203 ft”；White Island, New Zealand “Elevatin: 1,053 ft”；Kilauea, Hawaii “Elevatin: 4,009 ft”；Sakurajima, Japan “Elevatin: 3,665 ft”可知，位于意大利的Vesuvius(維蘇威)火山海拔最高。故選C項(xiàng)。
5.【答案】 D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由介紹White Island火山中的“It is als central t New Zealander culture，playing an imprtant rle in Mari legends.”(它也是新西蘭文化的中心，在毛利人的傳說(shuō)中扮演著重要的角色。)和介紹Kilauea火山中的“The mst active vlcan in the wrld is in Hawaii where vlcanes hld lcal cultural legends.”(世界上最活躍的火山在夏威夷，那里的火山承載著當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕瘋髡f(shuō)。)可知，兩座火山的相似之處就是都在當(dāng)?shù)匚幕邪缪莘浅Ｖ匾慕巧９蔬xD項(xiàng)。
6.【答案】 A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由介紹Sakurajima火山中的“The lava has created interesting prduce, including the wrld's largest carrt and the smallest range.”(熔巖創(chuàng)造了有趣的產(chǎn)品，包括世界上最大的胡蘿卜和最小的橘子。)可知，游客在參觀Sakurajima(櫻島)火山時(shí)，可以品嘗到世界上最小的橘子。故選A項(xiàng)。
Passage 3 新聞報(bào)道
Scientists say they discvered an earth－like planet rbiting the star clsest t ur planet ther than the sun. It is the clsest planet ever fund utside ur slar system that culd supprt life as we knw it. This planet is just 4.2 light years away frm us. It is s clse that space scientists have cmpared it t a next dr neighbr. They say it culd be reached by an unmanned spacecraft befre the end f the century. The newly－discvered planet is a little larger than the earth. Scientists have named it Prxima b. It rbits its sun, Prxima Centauri, nce every 11 days.
Alan Bss is the Chairman f NASA's advisry grup fr planet explratin. He tld VOA that Prxima b nt nly cnfirms the discvery f a planet, but als increases the number f ther pssible “earths” by a huge amunt. Bss said it is pssible that mst stars may have at least ne earth－like planet rbiting them.
This makes the pssibility f living rganisms increasingly likely. Bss said he believes human beings will prve that there is life in places ther than the earth in his lifetime. “I am 65，” he tld VOA, “But I expect t still be alive when it happens.”
Paul Butler wrks at the Carnegie Institutin f Washingtn. He tld VOA that finding Prxima b “makes the case cncrete” that there are ther planets where life culd exist. Paul Butler said the researchers used tw telescpes in different cuntries t lk fr pssible planets like the earth. Discvering Prxima b, he believes, changes the wrld.
“This_wrk has resulted in the discvery f hundreds f planets arund the nearest stars, and nw a ptentially habitable planet arund the nearest star is in the sky，” Butler said.
7．Which f the fllwing des the newly－discvered planet mve arund?
A．The earth. B．The sun.
C．Prxima Centauri. D．Prxima b.
8．What view d bth Alan Bss and Paul Butler hld?
A．It is mst likely that life exists n ther planets besides the earth.
B．Prxima b can be used t help peple find mre earth－like planets.
C．There is at least ne earth－like planet rbiting each star.
D．Discvering Prxima b will change the wrld.
9．What des the underlined “This wrk” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．Explring anther sun.
B．Discvering Prxima b.
C．Researching life n ther planets.
D．Using telescpes t find earth-like planets.
10．What may be the best title fr the text?
A．Ptentially Habitable Planets
B．Planet Explratin in the Universe
C．Stars with Earth－like Planets Orbiting
D．A Neighbring Pssible Earth－like Planet
【篇章導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一顆類似于地球的行星，它是迄今為止在太陽(yáng)系外發(fā)現(xiàn)的距離地球最近的一顆行星，增加了其他行星可能存在生命的可能性。
7.【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The newly－discvered planet is a little larger than the earth. Scientists have named it Prxima b. It rbits its sun, Prxima Centauri, nce every 11 days.”可知，新發(fā)現(xiàn)的行星圍繞Prxima Centauri(比鄰星)運(yùn)行，故選C。
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，Bss(博斯)相信在他有生之年，人類將證明地球以外的地方存在生命。根據(jù)最后一段可知，Butler(巴特勒)說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)工作已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)百顆圍繞最近恒星的行星，現(xiàn)在天空中有一顆可能適合居住的行星圍繞最近的恒星。由此可推知，Bss和Butler都認(rèn)為“除了地球以外，其他行星上也可能存在生命”，故選A。
【答案】D
【解析】指代判斷題。根據(jù)畫線所在句中的“This_wrk has resulted in the discvery f hundreds f planets arund the nearest stars”和上文中的“the researchers used tw telescpes in different cuntries t lk fr pssible planets like the earth”可知，研究人員在不同國(guó)家使用了兩個(gè)望遠(yuǎn)鏡來(lái)尋找像地球這樣可能存在的行星?！斑@項(xiàng)工作”指的是用望遠(yuǎn)鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)類地行星，故選D。
10.【答案】D
【解析】標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文尤其是文章第一段前兩句可知，科學(xué)家們說(shuō)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)類似地球的行星，圍繞著離我們星球最近的恒星運(yùn)行，而不是圍繞太陽(yáng)。它是迄今為止在我們太陽(yáng)系外發(fā)現(xiàn)的最可能支持生命存在的行星。由此可知，D項(xiàng)(一個(gè)鄰近的類地行星)為文章的最佳標(biāo)題，故選D。
Passage 4 記敘文
Frm the age f 6, Samirah Hrtn was bullied (欺凌) by her classmates fr the things that made her different — her size and her sharp vice. Rather than giving up, Hrtn decided t pick up a micrphne and make sure ther children knew they weren’t alne. “I didn’t want ther kids t g thrugh that experience,” says Hrtn, “especially at a very yung age.” Nw, alngside attending eighth grade classes, she’s als building an anti-bullying platfrm t reach students acrss the cuntry.
Fr as lng as Hrtn remembers, she's felt a special cnnectin t music. She remembers her mther always having the radi n, and her father teaching her hw t deejay (主持) . Music gives her unlimited pwer t d the duty. “It’s music that fuels my missin, allwing me t spread this imprtant message,”she says. Nw as the Kid DJ fr her hmetwn team, yu can hear anything frm the hip-hp classics t sngs f her wn, including the anti-bullying sng “N Yu Wn’t Bully Me”.
Her message has reached beynd the DJ set. At 8. Hrtn turned ne f her sngs int a 26-page picture bk, which has reached thusands f peple acrss America. In the bk, she references the ver 160,000 students wh miss schl daily fr fear f being bullied.
Hrtn isn’t sure exactly what the future hlds, but fr nw, she’s psitive abut leading her schl’s student gvernment. “I dn’t knw exactly what I’ll be ding, but I knw I’ll be making a psitive influence n the wrld,” she says. She’s already n her way, but her biggest achievement in her wn eyes is persuading thers nt t dubt themselves alng the way. “Dn’t care what anybdy tells yu,” she says. “Yu are never t yung t make a change.”
11．Why was Hrtn bullied?
A．Because f her age.B．Because f her weight.
C．Because f her grades.D．Because f her hbby.
12．What des the underlined wrd “missin” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Task.B．Anger.C．Skill.D．Curisity.
13．What can we learn frm Hrtn’s stry?
A．Fear invites danger.B．N vice is t small.
C．Success is peace f mind.D．Imperfectins are beauty.
14．What might be the best title fr the passage?
A．A Picture-Bk Writer
B．A Hip-Hp Music Lver
C．An Envirnmental Activist
D．An Anti-Bullying Advcate
【篇章解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。Hrtn是一個(gè)在校被欺凌的女同學(xué)，她沒(méi)有因?yàn)楸黄哿瓒屔畎档?，反而她還建立了一個(gè)反欺凌平臺(tái)，覆蓋全國(guó)各地的學(xué)生，幫助和她一樣被欺凌的同學(xué)，Hrtn覺(jué)得一路走來(lái)，無(wú)論未來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生什么，都不要因?yàn)樽约旱牧α课⑿《蝗プ龀龈淖儭?br>11．【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Frm the age f 6, Samirah Hrtn was bullied（欺凌）by her classmates fr the things that made her different—her size and her sharp vice. (從6歲開始，Samirah Hrtn就因?yàn)橐恍┳屗c眾不同的東西——她的身材和她尖銳的聲音——被同學(xué)欺負(fù)。)”可知，Hrtn因?yàn)樗捏w重（身材）被同學(xué)欺負(fù)。故選B。
12．【答案】A
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Music gives her unlimited pwer t d the duty. (音樂(lè)給了她無(wú)限的力量去履行職責(zé)。)”可知是音樂(lè)給了她力量去履行職責(zé)，完成任務(wù)，所以她所說(shuō)的話表述的是“音樂(lè)推動(dòng)了她的使命，她的責(zé)任”，即反對(duì)欺凌，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知missin意識(shí)是“任務(wù)，職責(zé)”，故選A。
13．【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，Hrtn是一個(gè)在校被欺凌的女同學(xué)，她沒(méi)有因?yàn)楸黄哿瓒屔畎档?，反而她還建立了一個(gè)反欺凌平臺(tái)，覆蓋全國(guó)各地的學(xué)生，幫助和她一樣被欺凌的同學(xué)，結(jié)合最后一段“She’s already n her way, but her biggest achievement in her wn eyes is persuading thers nt t dubt themselves alng the way. “Dn’t care what anybdy tells yu,”she says. “Yu are never t yung t make a change.” (她已經(jīng)在路上了，但在她自己看來(lái)，她最大的成就是說(shuō)服別人在路上不要懷疑自己。她說(shuō):“不要在意別人對(duì)你說(shuō)什么?！澳阌肋h(yuǎn)不會(huì)因?yàn)樘贻p而不能做出改變。”)”可知，Hrtn認(rèn)為在做出改變的過(guò)程中不需要在意別人的想法，也不要因?yàn)樽约旱牧α课⑿《X(jué)得無(wú)法做出改變，所以從Hrtn的故事我們可以知道：沒(méi)有聲音是微不足道的，要勇敢發(fā)聲。故選B。
14．【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意題。讀全文可知，文章講述的是一個(gè)在校被欺凌的女同學(xué)Hrtn，她沒(méi)有因?yàn)楸黄哿瓒屔畎档Y(jié)合第二段“Nw, alngside attending eighth grade classes, she's als building an anti-bullying platfrm t reach students acrss the cuntry.(現(xiàn)在，除了參加八年級(jí)的課程，她還建立了一個(gè)反欺凌平臺(tái)，覆蓋全國(guó)各地的學(xué)生。)”可知她還建立了一個(gè)反欺凌平臺(tái)，幫助和她一樣被欺凌的同學(xué)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)反欺凌倡導(dǎo)者”符合本文中心主旨，適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。故選D。
Passage 5 說(shuō)明文
Cllege students may find a greener campus when they return t classes this fall. Sme schls are repairing lder buildings and cnstructing new nes that are better fr the envirnment. Other steps include adding wind and slar energy systems and planting vegetable gardens.
Gerge Washingtn University (GW) is a private schl with 200,000 students. The university has tw gardens where students vlunteer their time.
Over the last ten years GW has develped prjects in three main areas—climate, water and ec-systems. They have begun t create prjects n the grund t address climate change. They are planning n becming carbn-neutral (平衡的) and, in fact, reducing the_ftprint by frty percent by 2025, frm creating slar ht-water systems n ur rftps t making ur buildings much mre energy efficient. The schl als ffers 140 different classes in sustainability (可持續(xù)性發(fā)展) and the envirnment.
Mark Orluski said, “We see numbers like less than 20% f schl having a green building plicy five years ag and nw upwards f 80% f schls having a plicy, which states that their new buildings will be built in a green fashin.”
GW is lcated in the Fggy Bttm neighbrhd f Washingtn. Sme neighbrs say that while GW is laying t be friendlier t the envirnment, it culd als be a better friend t the neighbrhd. The schl has expanded quickly and there have been tensins between students and lcal residents.
15.．The greener campus prject aims majrly at ________.
A．welcming students in the new term
B．repairing and cnstructing buildings
C．a(chǎn)dding wind and slar energy systems
D．making schls envirnmentally friendly
16．What d the underlined wrds “the ftprint” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The climate change.
B．The quantity f water.
C．The prductin f carbn.
D．The main areas f the prject.
17．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 5?
A．Green effrts have already brught in benefits.
B．High schl students prefer chsing a greener cllege.
C．Green building plicies attract mre high schl students.
D．Clleges are making effrts t meet the needs f students.
18．Which ne f the prblems is GW nw facing?
A．It hasn't been s friendly t its neighbrs.
B．There have been n green building plicies.
C．Rainwater cllecting csts t much mney.
D．The students are making t many effrts.
15.【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“better fr the envirnment”可知，綠色校園計(jì)劃是為了使校園更環(huán)保。A項(xiàng)文中未提及，B、C兩項(xiàng)是具體做法。故選D。
【答案】B
【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文提到的“slar ht-water systems”可知，the ftprint指的是水量。故選B。
17.【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“The schl has expanded quickly and there have been tensins between students and lcal residents.”可知，綠色校園政策讓學(xué)校發(fā)展得很快，從而可以推斷出，綠色校園環(huán)保政策吸引更多的高中生。故選C。
18.【答案】 A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“The schl has expanded quickly and there have been tensins between students and lcal residents.”可知，學(xué)校迅速發(fā)展造成了學(xué)生與當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦年P(guān)系緊張，從而可以推斷出，學(xué)校的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致學(xué)校與當(dāng)?shù)鼐用耜P(guān)系不太友好。故選A。
Passage 6 說(shuō)明文
We are a culture drwning in ur pssessins. We take in mre and mre ( hliday, birthdays, sales, needs ),but rarely find an pprtunity t get rid f it. As a result, ur hmes fill up with s much stuff. And because we believe the best slutin is t find rganizatinal tls t manage all f it, we seek ut bigger cntainers r mre efficient rganizatinal tips and tricks. But simply rganizing ur stuff must be repeated ver and ver.
At its heart, rganizing is simply rearranging. And thugh we may find strage slutins tday, we are quickly frced t find new nes as early as tmrrw. Additinally, rganizing has sme ther majr shrtcmings that are rarely cnsidered. Fr example, it desn’t benefit anyne else. The pssessins we rarely use sit n shelves in ur basements r garages, even while sme f ur clsest friends desperately need them.
On the ther hand, the act f getting rid f stuff frm ur hme accmplishes many purpses. It is nt a temprary slutin. It is an actin f permanence — nce an item has been remved, it is remved cmpletely. Whether we re-sell ur pssessins, dnate them t charity, r give them t a friend, they are immediately put t use by thse wh need them.
Remving pssessins begins t turn back ur desire fr mre as we find freedm and happiness in wning less. And remving urselves frm the all-cnsuming desire t wn mre creates pprtunities fr significant life changes t take place.
If yu’re struggling with hw t get rid f stuff, yu can first challenge yurself t remve the unneeded things in yur hme, carry a trash bag frm rm-t-rm, see hw big f a dnatin pile yu can make, and even eliminate debt by selling what yu n lnger need.
It desn’t matter hw yu remve them, fr it is far better t remve than t always rganize.
19．What is the prblem with simply rganizing stuff?
A．Few tls and tricks are available.B．It needs t be repeated very ften.
C．Peple cannt save mney by rganizing.D．Desire t buy mre disappears by rganizing.
20．Hw can we remve unnecessary pssessins?
A．By reselling them t thers.B．By keeping them in trash bags.
C．By string them in the garage.D．By piling them n the shelves.
21．What des the underlined wrd “eliminate” mean in Paragraph 5?
A．get rid fB．get verC．a(chǎn)dd tD．take charge f
22．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T explain the advantages and disadvantages f rganizing things.
B．T infrm readers f the ways t get rid f unnecessary pssessins.
C．T call fr peple t remve stuff instead f just rganizing.
D．T appeal t peple t make dnatins t peple in need.
【篇章解讀】本文為議論文，闡述了僅僅整理家里的物品并不能真的改善生活方式和自己的行為和理念，應(yīng)當(dāng)是徹底的舍棄，才能讓物品既能物有所用，也能更好地整理自己的生活。
19．【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“But simply rganizing ur stuff must be repeated ver and ver.(但是，簡(jiǎn)單地組織我們的東西必須一遍又一遍地重復(fù)。)”可知，簡(jiǎn)單地整理東西的問(wèn)題在于這需要經(jīng)常重復(fù)。故選B。
20．【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Whether we resell ur pssessins, dnate them t charity, r give them t a friend, they are immediately put t use by thse wh need them.(無(wú)論我們轉(zhuǎn)售我們的物品，捐贈(zèng)給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，或給他們的朋友，他們立即被需要它們的人使用。)”可知，通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)賣物品，捐贈(zèng)給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，贈(zèng)送給朋友等方式，都可以讓自己徹底擺脫不必要的物品，而且不浪費(fèi)物品本身的價(jià)值。故選A。
21．【答案】A
【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“selling what yu n lnger need(出售你不再需要的東西)”可知，賣掉不需要的東西后就可以得到錢，以此來(lái)擺脫債務(wù)，因此劃線詞的意思是“擺脫”，和get rid f意思相近，故選A。
22．【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“And because we believe the best slutin is t find rganizatinal tls t manage all f it, we seek ut bigger cntainers r mre efficient rganizatinal tips and tricks. But simply rganizing ur stuff must be repeated ver and ver.(因?yàn)槲覀兿嘈抛詈玫慕鉀Q方案是找到有組織的工具來(lái)管理所有這些，我們尋求更大的容器或更有效的組織技巧和技巧。但是，簡(jiǎn)單地組織我們的東西必須一遍又一遍地重復(fù)。)”和第二、三段的描述可知，本文主要分析僅僅整理物品的缺點(diǎn)和徹底清理物品的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，以達(dá)到勸說(shuō)人們“斷舍離”的目的，因此本文的目的是號(hào)召人們清除雜物，而不僅僅是整理。故選C。
一. 閱讀理解速選技能
二. 真題詳解 (思路解析, 閱讀高頻詞,長(zhǎng)難句分析 )
三. 拔高突破練

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