+高頻考詞+長難句分析+拔高突破練（解析版）

命題分析
閱讀理解文章體裁可以分為：應(yīng)用文 記敘文 說明文 議論文
雖然閱讀理解的材料內(nèi)容千變?nèi)f化，但考試中的考查方式是有限的，只要能夠掌握以下幾種主要類型題目的閱讀技巧，那么閱讀理解拿高分，甚至拿滿分就是可以做到的了。
閱讀理解題的速選技能，需要結(jié)合下面幾種題型：主旨大意題，細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，詞義猜測題。
秒殺技能 一 主旨大意題
主旨大意題分為兩種：一種是要求歸納標(biāo)題，另一種是歸納段落大意或者文章中心思想。
1. 注意文章的首句和尾句，以及therefre, thus, but, hwever, in shrt這些很可能提示文章主旨的詞語。
2. 分段概括大意，逐項(xiàng)排除最終確定答案。需要注意避免出現(xiàn)概括不夠，如：以偏概全，過度解讀等人為的主觀臆斷性錯誤。
秒殺技能 二 細(xì)節(jié)理解題
細(xì)節(jié)理解題在考查形式上分為兩種：細(xì)節(jié)查找題與細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
細(xì)節(jié)查找題：比較簡單，只要能看懂文章，從文章中找到問題定位的關(guān)鍵詞句，就可以順利解題。
細(xì)節(jié)推斷題：需要借助同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換，概念解析，歸納事實(shí)等方法對原文信息進(jìn)行變換，然后再進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的推理或鑒別。
秒殺技能 三 推理判斷題
這是閱讀理解的重難點(diǎn)所在，考查形式也多種多樣，除了細(xì)節(jié)理解，還有結(jié)局趨勢預(yù)測題，文章來源推測題，作者態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)推測題。
閱讀全文，理解文章大意：具體可以參考主旨大意題的解題步驟，切忌主觀臆斷，常識經(jīng)驗(yàn)來代替文章內(nèi)容或觀點(diǎn)。
避免誤入命題陷阱：第一類陷阱是把第一類陷阱是把原文中的關(guān)鍵詞或限定詞去掉或用其他詞進(jìn)行替換。比如把張三當(dāng)李四，把部分當(dāng)全部，把否定當(dāng)肯定，把將來發(fā)生當(dāng)成已經(jīng)發(fā)生等。第二類陷阱是在選項(xiàng)中設(shè)置一些與問題無關(guān)的干擾項(xiàng)。這些干擾項(xiàng)本身可能是文章中的原句，但是與問題無關(guān)；或者這些選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容本身符合常識，但是作者在文中沒有提及或者與作者觀點(diǎn)不符。
秒殺技能 四 詞義猜測題
這種類型的題，主要分為以下三種：
1. 猜測某個詞、詞組、句子的意義；
2. 對文中的多義詞或詞組進(jìn)行定義；
3. 判斷某個代詞的指代的對象。
這類題型應(yīng)在精讀中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意：
1.分析長難句。
2.注意熟詞生義，一詞多義。
真題剖析
1.（2022年全國乙卷 A篇閱讀理解）應(yīng)用文
Henry Raeburn（1756-1823）
The Exhibitin
This exhibitin f sme sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and wrk f Sctland's best lved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, cmes t Lndn. Selected frm cllectins thrughut the wrld, it is the first majr exhibitin f his wrk t be held in ver frty years.
Lecture Series
Scttish Natinal Prtrait（肖像畫）Gallery presents a series f lectures fr the general public. They are held in the Lecture Rm. Admissin t lectures is free.
Exhibitin Times
Mnday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admissin t the exhibitin: 17.15. There is n re-admissin.
Clsed: 24-26 December and 1 January.
Admissin
￡4. Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schls and Clleges
A special lw entrance charge f f2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
21. What is the right time fr attending Raeburn's English Cntempraries?
A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nv. D. Thurs.13 Nv.
22. Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A. ￡4. B. ￡8. C. ￡12. D. ￡16.
23. Hw can full-time students get grup discunts?
A. They shuld g n Sunday mrnings. B. They shuld cme frm art schls.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要介紹了蘇格蘭最受人喜愛的畫家亨利·雷本的作品展。
【解析】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題詢問 What is the right time fr attending Raeburn's English Cntempraries? 什么時候去參觀雷伯恩的《英國同時代人》最合適? 根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Raeburn's English Cntempraries可找到第二段表格, 由 Thursday30 可知，在十月30號周四能看到Raeburn's English Cntempraries，故選B。
【解析】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題詢問Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin? 一對帶著兩個12歲以下孩子的夫婦要付多少錢才能入場? 根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 admissin 可還原到第四段小標(biāo)題下面￡4.Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.，￡4。由成人陪同的12歲以下兒童免費(fèi)入場可知，一對帶著兩個12歲以下孩子的夫婦要付8元，故選B。
【解析】 C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題詢問Hw can full-time students get grup discunts?全日制學(xué)生如何獲得團(tuán)體折扣? 根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞full-time students可還原到最后一段“A special lw entrance charge f ￡2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganized grups with teachers.”所有接受全日制教育的學(xué)生，包括那些有老師組織的有學(xué)士學(xué)位的學(xué)生，每人都可以使用低至2英鎊的入場費(fèi)，故選C。
閱讀高頻詞
exhibitin n. 展覽
高考鏈接 （2021新高考II卷 閱讀理解）A new exhibitin in Halifax uses everyday activities t explain the hidden math principles we all use n a regular basis.
【譯文】哈利法克斯新舉辦的一個展覽用日?；顒觼斫忉屛覀兘?jīng)常使用、但不易察覺的數(shù)學(xué)原理。
select n./v. 選擇, 選拔
majr adj. 重要的；嚴(yán)重的；大音階的；主修的 n. 少校；主修課程；主修…的學(xué)生；大型企業(yè)；大聯(lián)盟 v. 主修
admissin n. 進(jìn)入，準(zhǔn)許加入；承認(rèn)；入場費(fèi)；入院治療；坦白
present v.熟詞：頒發(fā)，贈送；提交，遞交；介紹；現(xiàn)身，展現(xiàn)，展現(xiàn)，呈現(xiàn)；adj.在場的，出席的；現(xiàn)在的，目前的；n.現(xiàn)在，眼前；禮物，贈品；生義：推出
高考鏈接 （2021年北京卷 閱讀理解）We ‘ve prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate.
【譯文】我們給時鐘編了程序，如果河流繼續(xù)以現(xiàn)在的速度流動的話，那么就讓它與原子鐘相匹配。
accmpany v. 陪同，陪伴；伴隨；為…伴奏
discunts n.打折，折扣
長難句
A special lw entrance charge f f2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
【解析】 本句是簡單句。不過修飾語以介詞f短語后置形式出現(xiàn)，thse后介詞同樣作為后置定語，需正確翻譯，可做提前翻譯介詞短語比較符合漢語語序。句意：所有接受全日制教育的人，最高可包括一級學(xué)位的人，都可以享受每人2英鎊的特別低入學(xué)費(fèi)。
真題剖析
2.（2022 全國乙卷 C篇 閱讀理解） 說明文
Can a small grup f drnes（無人機(jī)）guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday's "eyes in the sky" technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient（高效）acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews' effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn't need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
28. What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A. The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines. B. Drnes' ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C. The reductin f cst in designing drnes. D. Drnes' reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
29. What des "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety. B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair. D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
30. What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A. T prvide early warning. B. T make trains run autmatically.
C. T earn prfits fr the crews. D. T accelerate transprtatin.
31. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B. Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D. Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文主要介紹無人機(jī)將會保證鐵路的安全性和可靠性。
【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題詢問 What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible? 是什么讓無人機(jī)在鐵路線上的應(yīng)用成為可能？ 根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 the applicatin f drnes t rail lines 可還原到第二段Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. 無人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其它重要方面，如鐵軌的正確位置和換乘點(diǎn)可知，無人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線使無人機(jī)在鐵路線上的應(yīng)用成為可能，故選A。
【答案】C
【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. 據(jù)計算，僅歐洲鐵路每年就花費(fèi)約200億歐元用于維護(hù)，包括派遣維護(hù)人員，經(jīng)常在夜間檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施?？芍嬀€句子意為：這包括巨大的維護(hù)成本節(jié)約和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員的安全，故選C。
【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題詢問What functin is expected f the rail drnes? 鐵路無人機(jī)被預(yù)想有什么功能？ 根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 are expeced 可找到第四段 Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time. 工程師們現(xiàn)在正在研究一個新概念：未來的鐵路無人機(jī)。它們將在火車前方的軌道上移動，并被編程能夠自動運(yùn)行。帶有先進(jìn)傳感器和人工智能的非常小的無人機(jī)，在火車前面行駛，可以像副駕駛一樣引導(dǎo)火車.由于他們能夠看到前方，他們可以預(yù)示出任何問題?？芍蔬xA。本試題誤選答案為B?？忌鷷鶕?jù)段中“They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. ”選擇B項(xiàng)，理解句子可知能夠自動運(yùn)行的是無人機(jī)二不是火車。
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一句Can a small grup f drnes（無人機(jī)）guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? 一小群無人機(jī)能否保證鐵路的安全性和可靠性，同時幫助鐵路運(yùn)營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元？點(diǎn)名主旨，可知本文主要介紹無人機(jī)將會保證鐵路的安全性和可靠性，或許會成為鐵路安全的新未來，故選D。
閱讀高頻詞
1.wrldwide adv．在全世界
2. precisely adv．精確地，確切地
3. inspect v．檢查
高考鏈接 （2021年新高考II卷 閱讀理解）Bnds, wh bught his first cattle almst 50 years ag, still has each f his cwbys inspect 300 r 400 cattle daily and lk fr signs that an animal is getting sick.
【譯文】邦茲在差不多50年前買了他的第一批牛，至今仍然讓他的牛仔每人每天檢查300或400頭牛，尋找動物是否有生病的跡象。
4. regularly adv．經(jīng)常
5. saving n．節(jié)省，節(jié)約
6. persnnel n．全體人員
7. alne adv．僅僅，單，只
8. apprximately adv．大約，大概
高考鏈接 （2020年新課標(biāo)I卷 閱讀理解）Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
【譯文】根據(jù)大多數(shù)計算結(jié)果，競走者以每小時6英里的速度前進(jìn)時，每小時會燃燒大約800卡路里，盡管比跑步時燃燒的熱量要少，但這大約是他們走路時燃燒熱量的兩倍，跑步時每小時可能會燃燒大約1000卡路里或更多。
9. higher-value adj．更高價值的:
10.detect v．檢測，探測;
11.switch n．熟詞生義 (鐵路的) 道岔，轉(zhuǎn)轍器
高考鏈接 （2021年天津卷 知識運(yùn)用）Just in time fr the trial perfrmance, I was able t maintain pwer in my singing despite the switch t a head vice.
【譯文】就在試演的時候，盡管換成了頭聲，我還是能夠保持唱歌的能力。
12. verhead adv．在頭頂上方，在空中
13.ｐｒｏｇｒａｍ v．編寫程序
14. autnmusly adv．自主地
15.sensr n．傳感器
16.AI人工智能(artificial intelligence)
17.signal v．發(fā)信號，示意
高考鏈接 （2020年浙江卷 閱讀理解）The traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue, Washingtn, generally dn't flash the same length f green twice in a rw, especially at rush hur.
【譯文】華盛頓貝爾維尤的法克托利亞大道上的交通信號燈通常不會連續(xù)兩次閃爍相同時長的綠燈，尤其是在交通高峰期。
18. fast-mving adj．合成詞,快速行駛的
19.altitude n．海拔(高度)，高處
20.autmatically adv．學(xué)術(shù)詞自動地
21.billins f數(shù)十億……
22.apply sth t (ding) sth 把某物應(yīng)用于(做)某事
23.track 軌道
24.cut csts 降低成本
25.acrss the bard 整體，全面
26.It is calculated that.… 據(jù)計算……
27.check n 檢查，查看
28.pwer lines電線
29.prfit 利潤
長難句
That is the very likely future f applying tday's "eyes in the sky" technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis. （para.1)
【解析】短語“把應(yīng)用于”，that從句中主語為the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure wrldwide，n a 24/7 basis表示“經(jīng)常的，定期的”。句意：這很有可能應(yīng)用今天的“天空之眼”技術(shù)，以確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵軌和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）的火車是安全的。
It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. （para.3)
【解析】本句是主從復(fù)合句。It作形式主語，That引導(dǎo)真正的主語從句。Including sending maintenance staff充當(dāng)后置定語，不定式短語表目的。句意：據(jù)計算，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在維護(hù)上花費(fèi)約200億歐元，包括派遣維修人員，通常是在夜間，來檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。
With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.（para. 4)
【解析】本句是主從復(fù)合句。they culd signal any prblem為主句。S that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。句意：有了他們看到前方的能力，他們就可以發(fā)出任何問題的信號，這樣快速行駛的列車就能夠及時做出反應(yīng)。
真題剖析
3.（2022 全國乙卷 D篇 閱讀理解） 說明文
The Gvernment's sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity（肥胖）. It is believed that tday's children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected t make ￡520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt. At present it is expected t generate ￡240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers' effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday's figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities（設(shè)施）and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
32. Why was the sugar tax intrduced?
A. T cllect mney fr schls. B. T imprve the quality f drinks.
C. T prtect children's health. D. T encurage research in educatin.
33. Hw did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax?
A. They turned t verseas markets. B. They raised the prices f their prducts.
C. They cut dwn n their prductin. D. They reduced their prducts' sugar cntent.
34. Frm which f the fllwing is the sugar tax cllected?
A. Mst alchlic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Cke.
35. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A. It is a shrt-sighted decisin. B. It is a success stry.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets custmers.
【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文主要介紹糖稅的產(chǎn)生，在一些國家生效，以及它所帶來的正面影響。
【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題詢問Why was the sugar tax intrduced? 為什么要實(shí)行糖稅？根據(jù)第二段First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity（肥胖）.：該稅種于2016年4月首次公布，適用于每100毫升含糖量超過5克的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖癥可知，A項(xiàng)為學(xué)校募集資金為正確。B項(xiàng)意為 ：為了提高飲料的質(zhì)量。
C項(xiàng)意為：為了保護(hù)兒童的健康。D項(xiàng)意為：為了鼓勵教育方面的研究。故選A。
【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題詢問 Hw did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax? 一些飲料公司是如何應(yīng)對糖稅的？根據(jù)第四段It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）s they can avid paying the tax.在這之前，商店里銷售的軟飲料有一半以上被制造商降低了糖分，這樣他們就可以避免交稅。A項(xiàng)意為：他們轉(zhuǎn)向海外市場。B項(xiàng)意為：他們提高了他們產(chǎn)品的價格。C項(xiàng)意為： 他們削減了生產(chǎn)。D項(xiàng)意為：他們減少了產(chǎn)品的含糖量?？芍?，A項(xiàng)符合題意。故選A。
【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題詢問 Frm which f the fllwing is the sugar tax cllected? 糖稅是從以下哪項(xiàng)中征收的？ 根據(jù)五段Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. 果汁、奶類飲料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料免征糖稅，每年生產(chǎn)少于100萬升的小公司也是如此?？芍嵌愂菑拇蠖鄶?shù)酒精飲料中征收的, 故選D。
【答案】 B
【解析】推理判斷題。本題詢問What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy? 關(guān)于采用糖稅政策可以推斷出什么？ 根據(jù)最后一段Tday's figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities（設(shè)施）and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.據(jù)一位政府官員說，今天的數(shù)字顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為體育設(shè)施和學(xué)校的健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬英鎊。幫助下一代擁有一個健康和活躍的童年是非常重要的，而這個行業(yè)正在發(fā)揮其作用?？赏茢?它是一個成功的例子，A項(xiàng)意為：這是一個目光短淺的決定。C項(xiàng)意為：它使制造商受益。D項(xiàng)意為：它使顧客不高興。故選B 。
閱讀高頻詞
predict v.預(yù)測，預(yù)言
intrduce v. 熟詞：介紹；生義: 推行，實(shí)施，采用
高考鏈接 （2021年天津卷 閱讀理解）Prfessr King will be delivering his lecture in a mment, but let me intrduce him first.
【譯文】今教授稍后將發(fā)表演講，但請?jiān)试S我先介紹一下他。
cnsume v. 吃，喝，飲；消費(fèi)
initially adv.開始，最初，起初
figure n.數(shù)字；
imprt v.進(jìn)口
cntent n. 含量，目錄；內(nèi)容 ，adj.滿足的，滿意的；v.使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足
高考鏈接 （2021年浙江卷 閱讀理解）If yu ever get the impressin that yur dg can “tell” whether yu lk cntent r annyed, yu may be nt smething.
【譯文】如果你覺得你的狗狗可以分辨你看起來是滿意還是生氣，那你可能發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些東西。
accept v. 熟詞: 接受；生義: 容忍，忍受(困境等)
upset v. 使煩惱，使心煩意亂，使生氣
cnsumer n. 消費(fèi)者，顧客
alchlic adj.含酒精的
manufacture v. (用機(jī)器)大量生產(chǎn)，成批制造
psitive adj.良好的，有助益的，正面的
高考鏈接 （2021年新高考I卷 閱讀理解）The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being.
【譯文】這種大眾化最積極的方面是讓雇主，教育工作者以及其他對促進(jìn)社會福祉感興趣的人開始重視情感，而這種重視是非常必要的。
raise v.籌募
verseas adj海外的，國外的
adptin n.(想法、計劃、名字等的)采用
shrt-sighted adj.目光短淺的，無遠(yuǎn)見的
benefit v. 對(某人)有用，使受益; n. 利益，好處
高考鏈接 （2021年全國乙卷 寫作）In my pinin, students can benefit a lt frm ding sme husewrk.
【譯文】在我看來，學(xué)生可以從做家務(wù)中獲益良多。
bring in 賺得
apply t 適用于，應(yīng)用于
put … at risk 把……置于危險中
at present目前
g t用于
as a result f 由于，作為……的結(jié)果
be frced t d sth 被迫做某事
fr fear f 生怕，以免
free f tax 免稅的
respnd t對……作出反應(yīng)
turn t 轉(zhuǎn)向
cut dwn n 削減，減少
長難句
First annunced in April 2016 the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity.
【解析】本句是主從符合句。主句是the tax was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞the tax.句首過去分詞短語作狀語。句意:該稅收政策于2016年4月首次宣，適用于每100毫升含糖量超過5克的軟飲料，實(shí)施該政策旨在幫助減少兒童的肥胖。
拔高突破練 （應(yīng)用文，記敘文，說明文組合 限時練）
Passage 1 應(yīng)用文
（2022·遼寧·大連市測試）
If yur family lves t travel but yu wrry abut the envirnmental, scial and ecnmic effect, it’s time t take a mre sustainable apprach t yur trips.
Wales
Wales packs many sustainable activities fr kids. Camp in ne f many green campsites arund Pembrkeshire, where children can have fun learning abut sustainable living. Or find an envirnmentally friendly campsite at The Greener Camping Club. Dn’t frget t factr in a spin n the wrld’s nly peple-pwered rllercaster in Snwdnia.
Vlcán Tenri Area
When yu think abut taking yur kids t Csta Rica, yu nrmally fcus n viewing its incredible wildlife. But what abut giving back t the human residents t? One way t supprt lcal cmmunities and understand the Tic culture is by staying n a farm, and there are lads f lvely ptins arund Vlcán Tenri.
Austria
Explre the kid-friendly Austrian capital f Vienna, which ffers mre rganic farmland than any ther city and has bth “Green Taxis” and plenty f bike-share statins. The city has sme fantastic museums fr children and the splendid Schlss Schnbrunn where kids can dress up.
San Francisc
San Francisc is perfect fr a break that will bth delight the kids and satisfy yur sustainability principles. The city has banned plastic bags and bttles fr years. Plus, mst f the fun things t d with kids can be accessed withut using a car and many invlve green spaces.
Head t the Explratrium: an incredible hands-n science museum in a slar-pwered building.
1．Which destinatin best suits families that enjy camping?
A．Wales.B．Vlcán Tenri Area.
C．Austria.D．San Francisc.
2．What advantage f Austria and San Francisc appeals t kids?
A．Farmland.B．Museums.
C．Animals.D．Rllercasters.
3．In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Science.B．Travel.
C．Sprts.D．Agriculture.
【篇章導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章介紹了幾個綠色旅行目的地。
1．【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Wales部分中“Camp in ne f many green campsites arund Pembrkeshire, where children can have fun learning abut sustainable living. Or find an envirnmentally friendly campsite at The Greener Camping Club.(在Pembrkeshire附近的一個綠色營地里露營，孩子們可以在那里愉快地學(xué)習(xí)可持續(xù)生活。或者在綠色露營俱樂部找到一個環(huán)保的露營地)”可知，威爾士適合喜歡露營的家庭。故選A項(xiàng)。
2．【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Austria部分中“The city has sme fantastic museums fr children…(這個城市有一些非常棒的兒童博物館……)”及San Francisc部分中“Head t the Explratrium: an incredible hands-n science museum in a slar-pwered building.(前往探索博物館：一個在太陽能建筑中令人難以置信的動手科學(xué)博物館)”可知，奧地利和舊金山吸引孩子的優(yōu)勢是博物館。故選B項(xiàng)。
3．【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段“If yur family lves t travel but yu wrry abut the envirnmental, scial and ecnmic effect, it’s time t take a mre sustainable apprach t yur trips.(如果你的家人喜歡旅行，但你擔(dān)心對環(huán)境、社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響，是時候采取更可持續(xù)的方法來旅行了)”可知，文章介紹了幾個綠色旅行目的地，應(yīng)是出自報紙的旅行部分。故選B項(xiàng)。
Passage 2 應(yīng)用文
Best Bks t Make Yur 2022 Happier, Brighter and Mre Creative
T discver nature
Tday’s urban living makes it easy fr us t feel divrced frm nature. Like s many thers, we are feeling the call f the wild. Urban Wild by Helen Rk is ut in February and full f psitive suggestins t help yu discver wildness n yur drstep. The mnth-by-mnth frmat is such a great tl fr discvery and will tell yu exactly what t lk ut fr each seasn. Melinda Salisbury’s The Way Back is a change n the traditinal mnthly almanac (歷書) and a truly mdern guide back t natural rhythms, which is designed fr thse wh feel mst remved frm the ld ways and cycles.
T g in fr sprts
Finding an exercise that yu enjy—ne that yu want t stick t because it’s s much fun—is a surefire way t have yu bunding int the year. Take a strll with 52 Ways T Walk. Annabel Streets digs int the science and rmanticism f walking and explres the gd things that can happen with this ne small act. And the classic Running Like A Girl is still a hugely inspiring bk that will make yu want t pull yur sprts shes n befre yu’ve finished chapter tw.
T find yur creativity
Frm its tiniest details t its mst dramatic events, yur stry is a sacred gift. Buthw d yu find and tell that stry? Nikesh Shukla’s new bk Yur Stry Matters is utn March 17 and it’s full f writing inspiratin t help yu with yur wn stries. JuliaCamern’s classic The Artist’s Way turns 30 this year. Her prgram fr creative recverybegins with the Mrning Pages, a daily writing ritual f three pages f stream-f-cnscius, and the Artist Date, a dedicated blck f time t nurture yur inner artist.
4．What is special abut Urban Wild?
A．It cmes ut every mnth.B．It shws traditinal life styles.
C．It marks the start f each seasn.D．It prmtes nature in the city.
5．Which bk will fire yur lve fr exercise?
A．The Way Back.B．The Artist’s Way.
C．Running Like A Girl.D．Yur Stry Matters.
6．What is the Mrning Pages by Julia Camern?
A．A creative writing task.B．A bk n her wn stry.
C．A famus artistic wrk.D．A diary f classic writers.
【篇章導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要推薦數(shù)本讓你的2022年更快樂、更光明、更有創(chuàng)造力的書籍。
4．【答案】D
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)T discver nature小標(biāo)題下的“Urban Wild by Helen Rk is ut in February and full f psitive suggestins t help yu discver wildness n yur drstep. (海倫·魯克的《都市荒野》將于2月出版，書中充滿了幫助你發(fā)現(xiàn)家門口荒野的積極建議)”可知Urban Wild的特別之處在于告訴你在城市里發(fā)現(xiàn)自然美。故選D項(xiàng)。
5.【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)T g in fr sprts小標(biāo)題下的“And the classic Running Like A Girl is still a hugely inspiring bk that will make yu want t pull yur sprts shes n befre yu’ve finished chapter tw.(經(jīng)典的《像女孩一樣跑步》仍然是一本非常鼓舞人心的書，它會讓你在讀完第二章之前就想穿上運(yùn)動鞋)”可知Running Like A Girl這本書能激發(fā)你對運(yùn)動的熱愛。故選C項(xiàng)。
6.【答案】A
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)T find yur creativity小標(biāo)題下的“Her prgram fr creative recvery begins with the Mrning Pages, a daily writing ritual f three pages f stream-f-cnscius(她恢復(fù)創(chuàng)造力的計劃從Mrning Pages開始，這是一種每天三頁的意識流寫作儀式)”可知Mrning Pages是一種創(chuàng)造性的寫作任務(wù)。故選A項(xiàng)。
Passage 3 記敘文
In 2004, Pen Hadw became the first persn t trek (跋涉) t the Nrth Ple alne, withut being resupplied n the way. That meant swimming thrugh unimaginably cld waters, and risking encunters with plar bears. Just eight mnths later, he made a similar trip t the Suth Ple. Nw he is back in the Arctic again, preparing fr an expeditin (遠(yuǎn)征) he says is even mre ambitius. Explrers are cnfident, driven individuals. They have t be. This time, hwever, mre significance is attached. Pen and tw clleagues will set ut n a three-mnth, 1000-kilmetre trek t the Nrth Ple, taking detailed measurements f the thickness and density f the ice. Nbdy has ever dne this befre, and he knws the results will be f vital significance t the scientific cmmunity. This will be the truest picture yet f what glbal warming is ding t the ice that cvers the plar regin.
Pen and his wife, Mary, live in the cuntry with their tw children. “It’s much harder t be away frm them this time,” he admits. They were ne and five when I last went, and I made a mistake in the way I said gdbye. I thught it wuld be a gd idea t say t my sn, “Yu’re the man f the huse nw, lk after yur mum and yur sister.” He abslutely tk it t heart, asking his mum hw she was all the time, but the stress eventually became t much. While it was well intentined, it was an unfair thing t d.
He is spending these last days befre departure preparing his things. “Out n the ice, ne is virtually unable t mend things r d anything that isn’t abslutely straightfrward,” he says. With him will be Ann Daniels, ne f the wrld’s leading plar explrers, and the phtgrapher, Martin Hartley. They will be supprted by a crew f six, flying in supplies. Being part f a team is actually mre stressful t smene with his mentality, says Pen, and smething else is n his mind t. “I’m ging t be 47 n Thursday. I’ve dne far less training than I’m cmfrtable with.” Why? “Organisatinal things always seem mre urgent. S I’m almst fearful f what I’m ging t ask f myself.”
Pen believes his missin recnnects explratin with the search fr knwledge that drve previus generatins int the unknwn. “Making it t the Nrth Ple was a persnal ambitin,’”he admits, “and f limited value t anyne beynd the plar adventuring cmmunity. This time, scientists will prfit frm the data, and we’re creating a platfrm in which t engage as many peple as pssible in what’s happening in the Arctic Ocean. This is imprtant wrk, and nbdy can d it but us,” he says. “Our skills, which are therwise nt that necessary, have becme really relevant. Suddenly, we’re scially useful again.”
7．In the first paragraph, what d we learn abut Pen Hadw’s pinin f the new expeditin?
A．He feels certain that it will be stressful.
B．He is aware f the huge imprtance f its aims.
C．He thinks it may be harder than his previus jurneys.
D．He is less than cnfident f the scientific wrk it invlves.
8．What des “tk it t heart” (in paragraph 2) mean?
A．He started t feel unwell.B．He memrised his father’s wrds.
C．He was afraid f the respnsibility.D．He carried ut his father’s wrds carefully.
9．What is wrrying Pen abut the new expeditin?
A．Whether he will be mentally prepared
B．Whether he will still be fit enugh t take part.
C．Whether the arrangements he has made will turn ut well.
D．Whether the equipment will wrk prperly in icy cnditins.
10．When he cmpares the new expeditin t his previus nes, Pen feels ________.
A．uncertain if it will cllect infrmatin.
B．dubtful abut its lng-term usefulness
C．pleased that mre peple will benefit frm it
D．relieved that the general public will be mre supprtive
【篇章導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Pen Hadw即將進(jìn)行的北極探險，這次探險極具意義，因?yàn)樗麑烟诫U與探索知識聯(lián)系起來。
7．【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“This time, hwever, mre significance is attached. Pen and tw clleagues will set ut n a three-mnth, 1000-kilmetre trek t the Nrth Ple, taking detailed measurements f the thickness and density f the ice. Nbdy has ever dne this befre, and he knws the results will be f vital significance t the scientific cmmunity. (然而，這一次的意義更為重大。Pen Hadw和兩名同事將開始為期三個月、1000公里的北極跋涉，對冰層的厚度和密度進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的測量。以前從來沒有人這樣做過，他知道這些結(jié)果將對科學(xué)界具有至關(guān)重要的意義。)”可推斷，他深知這次探險意義更為重大。故選B。
8．【答案】D
【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“I thught it wuld be a gd idea t say t my sn, “Yu’re the man f the huse nw, lk after yur mum and yur sister.”(我認(rèn)為對我兒子說:“你現(xiàn)在是家里的男人了，照顧你的媽媽和妹妹。”是個好主意)”可知，Pen Hadw讓兒子照顧自己的媽媽和妹妹。再根據(jù)下文“asking his mum hw she was all the time(一直問他媽媽感覺怎樣)”可知，他的兒子認(rèn)真地執(zhí)行父親的話。所以tk it t heart為“他認(rèn)真地執(zhí)行他父親的話?！敝狻９蔬xD。
9．【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第五句開始“Being part f a team is actually mre stressful t smene with his mentality, says Pen, and smething else is n his mind t. ‘I’m ging t be 47 n Thursday. I’ve dne far less training than I’m cmfrtable with.’ Why? ‘Organisatinal things always seem mre urgent. S I’m almst fearful f what I’m ging t ask f myself.’(Pen說，作為團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員，對于那些心理狀態(tài)良好的人來說，壓力其實(shí)更大，而且他還在考慮其他事情?！暗街芩奈揖?7歲了。我所做的訓(xùn)練遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于我所能接受的?！盀槭裁?“有組織的事情似乎總是更緊急。所以我?guī)缀鹾ε挛乙獑栕约旱膯栴}?！?”可推斷，他擔(dān)心自己不能勝任此次探險。故選B。
10．【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“‘Making it t the Nrth Ple was a persnal ambitin,’ he admits, ‘a(chǎn)nd f limited value t anyne beynd the plar adventuring cmmunity. This time, scientists will prfit frm the data, and we’re creating a platfrm in which t engage as many peple as pssible in what’s happening in the Arctic Ocean. This is imprtant wrk, and nbdy can d it but us,’ he says.(他承認(rèn)：“成功到達(dá)北極是個人的雄心壯志，對極地探險團(tuán)體以外的任何人來說都沒有多大價值。”這一次，科學(xué)家們將從數(shù)據(jù)中獲益，我們正在創(chuàng)建一個平臺，讓盡可能多的人參與到北冰洋發(fā)生的事情中來。這是一項(xiàng)重要的工作，除了我們沒人能做。)”可知，他覺得這次探險將會使得更多的人從他們的工作中獲益。故選C。
Passage 4 記敘文
My hme is in Demntn near a river valley. It is a beautiful area that has been made int a park with meters f hiking trails (小路) alng the river.
One day I discvered a trail I had never seen befre. It was extremely steep and very slippery as it was cvered with ice. I was alne at the time and even thugh I was terrified, I still wanted t g fr a walk. Just this thught made my heart beat faster. I shk, nt frm the cld, althugh it was prbably arund -15℃, but frm the fear. I knew I had t d it.
I mved frward slwly and put ne ft n the trail, then the ther. Thus I cntinued, ne ft in frnt f the ther I went very slwly dwn the trail, shaking with every step. I was sweating despite my cld. I had n idea hw lng it wuld take me t travel alng the trail, but I didn’t care. I just wanted t cnquer my fear.
At last, I succeeded! At least that’s hw I felt. I nearly ran dwn the trail. Well, nt exactly ran, but it felt like that cmpare with my extremely slw speed in the beginning.
Maybe yu dn’t think this is much f a stry, but I just want t tell yu that we never knw what’s arund the crner. If yu cmpare this stry t life, yu’ll see that we have n idea where life is ging t take us, r hw many easy r difficult trails there are t chse frm until we make a chice! The pint is: we have the freedm t chse!
11．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe the trail the authr discvered?
A．Steep and muddy.B．Icy and slippery.
C．Rugh and wide.D．Narrw and wet.
12．What d we knw abut the authr?
A．He liked taking adventures.B．He cvered the trail with fear.
C．He ran quickly alng the trail.D．He went dwn the trail with his friend.
13．We can infer frm the passage that ________.
A．it was very warm that day
B．the trail was nt far frm the river
C．the trail was far frm the authr’s hme
D．the authr had walked alng the trail befre
14．By talking abut his experience, the authr mainly wants t tell us that ________.
A．Rme was nt built in a day
B．things may nt seem s dangerus in the end
C．it’s wrth challenging ur fears and pushing n
D．we dn’t have the freedm t d anything we like
【篇章導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述的是作者克服恐懼走過一條較險的小路的故事，由此告訴大家克服恐懼，勇往直前。
11．【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“It was extremely steep and very slippery as it was cvered with ice.”（它非常的陡，而且很滑，因?yàn)槁访娼Y(jié)滿了冰。）可知，這條路很陡，而且結(jié)滿了冰。故選B項(xiàng)。
12．【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“I shk, nt frm the cld, althugh it was prbably arund -15°C, but frm the fear.”（我顫抖著，是因?yàn)楹ε?，而不是因?yàn)槔?，盡管當(dāng)時可能零下15度左右。）可知，當(dāng)作者產(chǎn)生要走這條小路的想法時就已經(jīng)害怕得發(fā)抖了。第三段的前三句“I mved frward slwly and put ne ft n the trail, then the ther. Thus I cntinued, ne ft in frnt f the ther I went very slwly dwn the trail, shaking with every step. I was sweating despite my cld.”（我慢慢地往前挪，先一只腳踩在小路上，然后另一只腳再踩在上面。于是我繼續(xù)往前走，雙腳前后交替著慢慢地沿著小路走下去，每走一步都會發(fā)抖。盡管我覺得冷，但我還是出汗了。）描述的是作者走這條小路的動作，從慢慢地往前挪，每走一步都會發(fā)抖等細(xì)節(jié)可以看出作者是帶著恐懼走這條小路的。故選B項(xiàng)。
13．【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“It is a beautiful area that has been made int a park with meters f hiking trails (小路) alng the river.”（這個地區(qū)很美，已建成公園，沿河有幾米長的徒步小路。）可知，這條小路離小河不遠(yuǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。
14．【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ If yu cmpare this stry t life, yu’ll see that we have n idea where life is ging t take us, r hw many easy r difficult trails there are t chse frm until we make a chice! The pint is: we have the freedm t chse!”（如果你把這個故事和生活相比較，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們不知道生活將帶我們?nèi)ツ睦铮膊恢烙卸嗌偃菀谆蚶щy的道路可以選擇，直到我們做出選擇!關(guān)鍵是:我們有選擇的自由!）以及通讀全文，作者講述的這個經(jīng)歷是：面對著一條較險的小路，作者心生恐懼，但是最終仍然克服了恐懼，成功地走過了這條小路，所以作者是想借自己的經(jīng)歷告訴我們要挑戰(zhàn)恐懼，繼續(xù)向前，C項(xiàng)符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。
Passage 5 說明文
The US space agency NASA has revealed an astnishing picture revealing new secrets f the Earth’s hme galaxy (星系), the Milky Way. The sun is just ne f hundreds f billins f stars that frm the huge shape f ur galaxy. Our slar system sits in an utlying regin but the new image fcuses n the centre f the Milky Way, a “nisy” area because f all the crwded stars. Light frm this regin takes abut 26,000 years t reach Earth. Fr cmparisn, light takes just eight minutes t reach us frm the sun.
The researchers use the data cllected by tw telescpes that see the sky in ways that are very different frm the visible light ur eyes can see t frm the new image. Mst f the data cmes frm 370 different pictures taken ver the past 20 years by NASA’s Chandra X Observatry. This satellite telescpe detects X-rays ut in space. X-rays are a frm f radiatin that is sent ut when vilent events heat matter t temperatures f millins f degrees. Other data cmes frm the MeerKAT telescpe in Suth Africa, which can detect radi waves frm space. These waves have much less energy than X-rays. They are usually prduced by cler material, such as huge cluds f gas between the stars.
The brightest surces include neutrn stars which are the cres f huge stars that ran ut f fuel and cllapsed t city-sized balls f super ht matter. Many neutrn stars and black hles jet ut gases that appear in the picture as purple streaks (斑紋). Pwerful magnetic fields in the area cause the jets t bend as they get further frm their surce. Astrnmer Dr Daniel Wang, wh has wrked n the image ver the past year, said the new picture described “a vilent r energetic ecsystem”.
15．What can be learned abut the Milky Way?
A．The center f it remains unknwn.
B．The sun isn’t lcated in the center f it.
C．Its center is very peaceful.
D．Its center features fewer stars.
16．What’s paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The cllectin f space data.
B．The functin f the MeerKAT telescpe.
C．The differences f space waves.
D．The frmatin f the new image.
17．What can we knw abut the gases jetted ut by the black hle?
A．They will absrb surrunding materials.
B．They will frm super big matter.
C．They get bent if away frm their surce.
D．They are likely t explde when superheated.
18．What may be the best title fr the text?
A．Our galaxy’s vilent heartB．An attempt t travel in uter space
C．Radi waves frm uter spaceD．Stars’ purple streaks
【篇章導(dǎo)讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了關(guān)于銀河系中心不為人知的一些情況。
15．【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The sun is just ne f hundreds f billins f stars that frm the huge shape f ur galaxy. Our slar system sits in an utlying regin but the new image fcuses n the centre f the Milky Way, a nisy area because f all the crwded stars.(太陽只是構(gòu)成銀河系巨大形狀的數(shù)千億顆恒星中的一顆。我們的太陽系位于一個偏遠(yuǎn)的區(qū)域，但新圖像聚焦在銀河系的中心，一個嘈雜的區(qū)域，因?yàn)樗械暮阈嵌己軗頂D)”可知，整個太陽系都不在銀河系中心，即太陽也不在銀河系中心。故選B項(xiàng)。
16．【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“The researchers use the data cllected by tw telescpes that see the sky in ways that are very different frm the visible light ur eyes can see t frm the new image. (研究人員使用了兩臺望遠(yuǎn)鏡收集的數(shù)據(jù)，它們觀察天空的方式與我們?nèi)庋劭吹降目梢姽夥浅２煌瑥亩纬闪诵碌膱D像)”及過程描述可知，第二段主要講述了銀河系的新照片的形成。故選D項(xiàng)。
17．【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Pwerful magnetic fields in the area cause the jets t bend as they get further frm their surce.(該區(qū)域的強(qiáng)大磁場會導(dǎo)致射流在遠(yuǎn)離源頭時發(fā)生彎曲)” 可知，黑洞噴出的氣體如果遠(yuǎn)離其源頭就會發(fā)生彎曲。故選C項(xiàng)。
18．【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意題。由文章最后一段“Astrnmer Dr Daniel Wang, wh has wrked n the image ver the past year, said the new picture described a vilent r energetic ecsystem.(天文學(xué)家丹尼爾·王博士過去一年一直在研究這幅圖像，他說，這幅新圖像描述了一個激烈或充滿活力的生態(tài)系統(tǒng))”可知，整篇文章圍繞這幅新圖像展開，描述了銀河系的中心是激烈或充滿活力的。由此可知，Our galaxy’s vilent heart(我們星系狂暴的心臟)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。
Passage 6 說明文
Have a hard time waking up when it’s cld ut? Scientists say yur brain is t blame. A study cnducted by scientists frm Nrthwestern University made it pssible t ffer sme explanatins fr this phenmenn.
Their study n fruit flies shws hw seasnally cld and dark cnditins can prhibit neurns within the fly brain that prmte activity and wakefulness frm sending ut signals, particularly in the mrning. It helps explains why, fr bth flies and humans, it is s hard t wake up in the mrning in winter.
“By studying behavirs in a fruit fly, we can better understand hw and why temperature is s vital t regulate sleep,” said Marc Galli, assciate prfessr f neurbilgy in the Weinberg Cllege f Arts and Sciences.
The study describes fr the first time “abslute cld” receptrs in the fly antenna, which respnd t temperature nly belw the fly’s “cmfrt zne” f abut 25°C．Having recgnized thse neurns, the researchers fllwed them all the way t their targets within the brain. They fund their targets are a small grup f brain neurns that are part f a larger netwrk that cntrls rhythms f activity and sleep. When the neurns they discvered are active, the target cells, which nrmally are made active by mrning light, are shut dwn.
“Temperature sensing is ne f the mst fundamental abilities,” said Galli, whse grup is ne f nly a few in the wrld that are systematically studying temperature sensing in fruit flies. “The principles we are finding in the fly brain, the lgic and rganizatin, may be the same all the way t humans. And future studies n human brain will surely find sme reference infrmatin in this study.”
19．Why is it hard fr flies t wake up in cld mrnings?
A．Cld cnditins disable the antennas f flies.
B．Flics have fewer neurns in the brain than humans.
C．Cldness stps flies’ neurns frm functining well.
D．Flies’ neurns cntrlling wakefulness are damaged.
20．What d we knw abut the study?
A．It fcuses mainly n hw fly brains wrk.
B．It helps explain hw temperature affects sleep.
C．It aims at slving humans’ sleeping prblems.
D．It shws the similarities between fly brains and human brains.
21．Which part f a fruit fly will be made active when it is cld?
A．Its antenna.B．Its target cells.
C．Its “abslute cld” receptrs.D．Its netwrk cntrlling sleep.
22．What’s Galli’s attitude twards the practical value f the findings?
A．Psitive.B．Dubtful.C．Ambiguus.D．Disappinted.
【篇章導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)溫度影響睡眠的研究。
19．【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Their study n fruit flies shws hw seasnally cld and dark cnditins can prhibit neurns within the fly brain that prmte activity and wakefulness frm sending ut signals, particularly in the mrning. (他們對果蠅的研究表明，季節(jié)性寒冷和黑暗的環(huán)境會阻止果蠅大腦中促進(jìn)活動和清醒的神經(jīng)元發(fā)出信號，尤其是在早上)”可知，果蠅在寒冷的早晨很難醒來因?yàn)楹渥柚构壣窠?jīng)元正常工作。故選C。
20．【答案】B
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“By studying behavirs in a fruit fly, we can better understand hw and why temperature is s vital t regulate sleep(通過研究果蠅的行為，我們可以更好地理解溫度如何以及為什么對調(diào)節(jié)睡眠如此重要)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究有助于解釋溫度如何影響睡眠。故選B。
21．【答案】C
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“The study describes fr the first time “abslute cld” receptrs in the fly antenna, which respnd t temperature nly belw the fly’s “cmfrt zne” f abut 25°C.(該研究首次描述了果蠅觸角上的“絕對低溫”接收器，這種受體只對低于果蠅“舒適區(qū)”（約25°C）的溫度做出反應(yīng))”可知，果蠅的“絕對低溫”接收器在寒冷時會活躍起來。故選C。
22．【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“And future studies n human brain will surely find sme reference infrmatin in this study.(未來對人腦的研究一定會在本研究中找到一些參考信息)”可推知，Galli對這項(xiàng)研究的實(shí)用價值持積極態(tài)度。故選A。
一. 閱讀理解速選技能
二. 真題詳解 (思路解析, 閱讀高頻詞,長難句分析 )
三. 拔高突破練
An Intrductin t Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn's English Cntempraries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisatin in
Raeburn's Prtraits
Thursday 6 Nv., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist's Training in the
18th Century
Thursday 13 Nv., 13.10
MARTIN POSTLE

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2022高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)精準(zhǔn)講練 第6講 長難句分析
2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧01長難句的分析與理解含解析202103052146

2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧01長難句的分析與理解含解析202103052146
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