+高頻考詞+長難句分析+拔高突破練（解析版）

命題分析
閱讀理解文章體裁可以分為：應用文 記敘文 說明文 議論文
雖然閱讀理解的材料內容千變萬化，但考試中的考查方式是有限的，只要能夠掌握以下幾種主要類型題目的閱讀技巧，那么閱讀理解拿高分，甚至拿滿分就是可以做到的了。
閱讀理解題的速選技能，需要結合下面幾種題型：主旨大意題，細節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，詞義猜測題。
秒殺技能 一 主旨大意題
主旨大意題分為兩種：一種是要求歸納標題，另一種是歸納段落大意或者文章中心思想。
1. 注意文章的首句和尾句，以及therefre, thus, but, hwever, in shrt這些很可能提示文章主旨的詞語。
2. 分段概括大意，逐項排除最終確定答案。需要注意避免出現概括不夠，如：以偏概全，過度解讀等人為的主觀臆斷性錯誤。
秒殺技能 二 細節(jié)理解題
細節(jié)理解題在考查形式上分為兩種：細節(jié)查找題與細節(jié)推理題。
細節(jié)查找題：比較簡單，只要能看懂文章，從文章中找到問題定位的關鍵詞句，就可以順利解題。
細節(jié)推斷題：需要借助同義詞轉換，概念解析，歸納事實等方法對原文信息進行變換，然后再進行進一步的推理或鑒別。
秒殺技能 三 推理判斷題
這是閱讀理解的重難點所在，考查形式也多種多樣，除了細節(jié)理解，還有結局趨勢預測題，文章來源推測題，作者態(tài)度觀點推測題。
閱讀全文，理解文章大意：具體可以參考主旨大意題的解題步驟，切忌主觀臆斷，常識經驗來代替文章內容或觀點。
避免誤入命題陷阱：第一類陷阱是把第一類陷阱是把原文中的關鍵詞或限定詞去掉或用其他詞進行替換。比如把張三當李四，把部分當全部，把否定當肯定，把將來發(fā)生當成已經發(fā)生等。第二類陷阱是在選項中設置一些與問題無關的干擾項。這些干擾項本身可能是文章中的原句，但是與問題無關；或者這些選項內容本身符合常識，但是作者在文中沒有提及或者與作者觀點不符。
秒殺技能 四 詞義猜測題
這種類型的題，主要分為以下三種：
1. 猜測某個詞、詞組、句子的意義；
2. 對文中的多義詞或詞組進行定義；
3. 判斷某個代詞的指代的對象。
這類題型應在精讀中應當注意：
1.分析長難句。
2.注意熟詞生義，一詞多義。
真題剖析
1.（2022年新高考I卷 A篇閱讀理解） 應用文
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作業(yè)) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
21. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
22. Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
23. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A. Yu will receive a zer.B. Yu will lse a letter grade.
C. Yu will be given a test.D. Yu will have t rewrite it.
【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了文學概論課程評分方針。
【答案】 C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章標題“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文學概論課程評分辦法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade f fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章將構成本課程評分的主要部分)”可知，文章介紹了文學概論課程評分辦法，可得出本文是出自一個課程計劃。故選C項。
22. 【答案】B
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據黑體小標題“Essays (60%)”、“Grup Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grups Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)”可知，學生的最終成績由3部分組成。故選B項。
【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據“Late Wrk”部分“If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. (如果沒有在截止日期后的第4天上交，將會得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你將會得零分。故選A項。
閱讀高頻詞
intrductin n. 入門課程，入門導論
scale n. (用于計量數量、速度、質量等的)標準，級別
grade n. (學校的)成績，評分等級
assignment n. (分配的)任務，作業(yè)
submit v. 提交，呈遞
（高考鏈接 2019 天津卷 閱讀理解）Submit a final draft f yur essay n March 9.
【譯文】請于3月9號提交你的論文終稿。
assign v. 確定(時間、地點等)
draw v. 獲取，得到
（高考鏈接 2020 新課標III卷 閱讀理解）Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants," "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper," have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated prperly.
【譯文】 《大象的眼淚》、《宿醉Ⅱ》和《動物園管理員》等多部電影已經引起了激進分子的憤怒。他們認為，出演這些電影的動物遭到不當待遇。
additinally adv. 除此之外，此外
grade v. [名詞動化]給……評分/分等級
due date n. 到期日,截止日
perid n.學時，課時
excuse v. 準許……離開，請求準予離開，(離開前)請求原諒
Grading Scale評分標準
the assigned date指定的日期
vary frm day t day每天不同
assigned readings 指定的閱讀材料
Late Wrk 逾期作業(yè)
letter grade 字母等級，分數
turn in上交
（高考鏈接 2021 新課標I卷 閱讀理解）Turn the page in yur jurnal.
【譯文】把你的日記翻一頁。
an excused absence 被準許缺課，請假
be made up f由……構成
長難句
Class activities will vary frm day t day but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class’lecture /discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class.
【解析】drawn directly frm.… 為分詞短語作后置定語，修飾writings r tests。句意為:課堂活動每天都會有所不同，但學生必須做好準備，完成簡短的課堂寫作或測試，這些內容直接來自指定的閱讀材料或上節(jié)課的講座/討論筆記，因此在課堂上認真記筆記很重要。
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late.
【解析】Nt submitted in class為分詞短語作后置定語。It is late為省略關系詞when的定語從句，修飾先行詞each class perid。句意為:沒有按期在課堂上提交論文，每遲交一節(jié)課，分數就降一個等級。
真題剖析
2. (2022年全國高考新高考I卷 B 篇 閱讀理解) 夾敘夾議議論文
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
25. What is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the test?
A. Mral decline.B. Envirnmental harm.
C. Energy shrtage.D. Wrldwide starvatin.
26. What des Curtin’s cmpany d?
A. It prduces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rtten arugula int clean fuel.
C. It helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D. It makes meals ut f unwanted fd.
27. What des Curtin suggest peple d?
A. Buy nly what is needed.B. Reduce fd cnsumptin.
C. G shpping nce a week.D. Eat in restaurants less ften.
【語篇導讀】作者通過自己無意間浪費芝麻菜的經歷就“食物浪費”展開的議論。
24.【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.(像我們大多數人一樣，我努力關注那些被浪費的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.(但隨著時間的推移，芝麻菜變壞了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地買了太多東西；我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通過講述芝麻菜的故事來表明我們有時會無意間浪費食物。故選B。
25.【答案】B
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther, resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”(生產沒人吃的食物會浪費用于種植食物的水、燃料和其他資源。這使得食物浪費成為一個環(huán)境問題。事實上，羅伊特寫道，“如果食物浪費是一個國家，它將是世界上第三大溫室氣體排放國?！?”可知，根據文中的說法，浪費食物的一個后果是對環(huán)境的危害。故選B。
26.【答案】D
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn. D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce, that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.(科廷是華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官，該公司把食物復原，變成健康的食物。去年，該組織通過接受捐贈和收集有瑕疵的農產品，收回了超過807500磅的食物，否則這些農產品就會在地里腐爛。草莓呢？志愿者們將清洗、切割、冷凍或干燥它們，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人們不想要的食物重新制作食物。故選D。
27.【答案】A
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段中的““Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每個人都可以在減少浪費方面發(fā)揮作用，無論是在每周的購物中不購買不必要的食物，還是要求餐館不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷說)”可知，科廷建議人們只買需要的東西來避免浪費食物。故選A。
閱讀高頻詞
stick v. (迅速而隨意地)擺放，放置; n.棍，棒；v.刺，戳；粘貼，附著在；容忍
（高考鏈接 2021 全國乙卷 閱讀理解）Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne.
【譯文】超過一半的澳大利亞家庭仍然選擇保留他們的座機。
freezer n. (冰箱中的)冷凍室，冰柜
unthinkingly adv..不加思考地
jaw-drpping adj. 令人吃驚的
perfectly adv. 完全地，非常
reject v. 熟詞生義:(因質量不好而)廢棄
recver v. 熟詞生義:回收，重新利用
prduce n.熟詞生義]農產品
rt v.腐爛
dry v.形容詞動詞化 (使)變干
purchase v. 購買
（高考鏈接 2020 新課標II卷 閱讀理解）I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can't affrd t purchase a bk.
【譯文】當讀者買不起書的時候，我鼓勵他們去當地的圖書館。
unintentinally adv.無意地
cnsequence n.結果，后果
cnsumptin n. 消費量，消耗
be mindful f [正式用語]想著/考慮到……
g t waste被浪費掉
rund…ut 使……圓滿，使……完整
end up (尤指經歷一系列意料之外的事情后) 最終處于，最終成為
wrk late 加班，工作到很晚
against the mral grain違背道德準則
（高考鏈接 2021全國甲卷 閱讀理解）Walking up a path thrugh the frest twards Shutlingsle, a lcal high pint, I came acrss a small clearing and immediately nticed the dead yellw grasses set against the fresh snw.
【譯文】沿著一條穿過森林的小路向當地的高地 Shutlingsle 走去，無意間我來到了一小塊空地，隨即立刻注意到在新雪映襯下的枯黃的草。
cver stry (雜志的)封面故事
greenhuse gas 溫室氣體
dwn the rad 在路上
side dish 配菜
mral decline道德滑坡
make sth ut f sth 用某物制作某物
長難句
It's jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away-frm“ugly”(but quite eatable)vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
【解析】 It是形式主語，真正的主語是hw引導的從句:破折號后的 內容是對前面內容的補充說明;rejected by grcers及thrwn int restaurant garbage cans為后置定語，分別修飾vegetables和dishes。句意為:雖能食用但因“長相難看”就被雜貨店主丟棄的蔬菜，大量未食用就被扔進餐廳垃圾桶的菜肴，這些非常不錯的食物就這樣被扔掉，簡直令人吃驚。
If fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.
【解析】本句是一個if虛擬條件句，表示與現在事實相反的情況。
句意為:如果食物浪費是一個國家，那么它將是世界上第三大溫室氣體制造國。
真題剖析
(2022年全國高考新高考I卷 C 篇閱讀理解) 新聞報道
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善組織) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research.D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
29. Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense f achievement.
C. She has recvered her memry.D. She has develped a strng persnality.
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received.B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable.D. It takes ages t see the results.
【篇章導讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨，改善老年人的健康狀況的項目。
【答案】D
【解析】題干中的the prject指第一段中提及的“倫敦養(yǎng)老院讓老人們養(yǎng)母雞來減輕孤獨感”這一項目。文章第二段“The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善組織) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing (該項目由當地一家慈善機構構想，旨在減少孤獨，改善老年人的健康狀況)”可知，這個由當地慈善組織發(fā)起的項目旨在幫助老人們減少孤獨感并改善他們的健康狀況，提高老人們的福祉。故選D。
【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。RuthXavicr是一位參加了該項目的老人，本題考查該項目對這位老人的影響。第三段中Ruth Xavier說她以前養(yǎng)過母雞并回憶了她如何養(yǎng)雞，因此A、C項表述錯誤。根據第四段中的I like the prject a lt和第五段中的I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful可知，Ruth Xavier喜歡這個項目，也享受這些富有創(chuàng)意的活動，因為做有用的事情她感覺很好，很有成就感。因此B項正確。D項“她養(yǎng)成了堅強的個性”在文中沒有提及。
【答案】C
【解析】詞義猜測題。根據文章倒數第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及劃線處前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是著手這項工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項：“Begin (開始)”含義相近。故選C。
24.【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民們非常歡迎該項目的想法和創(chuàng)意會議。我們期待這個項目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.” (“諾丁山路徑”的負責人林恩·劉易斯說:我們很高興能參與這個項目。它將通過共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性活動真正幫助我們與我們的居民建立良好關系)”可知，該項目的反響很好。故選A。
閱讀高頻詞
lneliness n. 孤獨
well being n. 健康， 幸福
staff n. 全體職工
（高考鏈接 2021 天津卷 閱讀理解）She added that she had a line f staff at her dr wanting t take the training.
【譯文】她補充說，她的門口有一排員工想參加培訓。
keep v熟詞生義養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)
fcus n. 重點
cuntrywide adv. 遍及全國地
sessin n. 會議，會期
（高考鏈接 2021 新高考II卷 閱讀理解）We will be hlding a free taster sessin n 23rd May, at 10 am, t demnstrate the variety f effective and active exercises.
【譯文】我們將于5月23日上午10點舉行一次免費的體驗課，以展示各種積極有效的運動。
ensure v.確保
prmte v. 促進；宣傳；提升
welfare n. 幸福，福祉
affect v.影響
gain v. 獲得
persnality n.個性
ppse v.反對
evaluate v. 評價
（高考鏈接 2021 天津卷 閱讀理解） Feeling fearful is healthy because it helps yu slw dwn and evaluate risks prperly.
【譯文】感到恐懼是有益于健康的，因為它可以幫助你慢下來，正確評估風險。
prfitable adj.有利潤的，有益的
ages n. [復數]很長時間
stp sb ding sth 防止某人做某事
dream up想出(尤指不同尋常的計劃、主意)
take part in 參加，參與
used t d sth 過去常常做某事
financial supprt財政支持
lk frward t期待
a shared interest共同的興趣;
part-time jbs 兼職工作
raise mney fr為……籌錢
（高考鏈接 2020新課標III卷 閱讀理解）They want t raise mney fr animal prtectin.
【譯文】他們想為動物保護籌集資金。
a sense f achievement成就感
be well received很受歡迎
it takes ages t d sth 做某事需要花很長時間
長難句
I'm enjying the creative activities and it feels great t have dne smething useful.
【解析】本句為并列句。It充當形式主語，動詞不定式作真正的主語。句意：我喜歡這些有創(chuàng)意的活動，能做些有用的事讓我感覺很好。
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
【解析】句意：現在有700名老人在東北部的20家養(yǎng)老院照顧母雞，該慈善機構已經得到了財政支持，以便在全國范圍內推廣。And連接并列句。
真題剖析
（2022年新高考I卷 D篇閱讀理解） 說明文
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (對齊), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (結構), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. ”The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,“ said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【語篇導讀】本篇是一篇說明文。主要介紹因為飲食的改變導致了現在從世界上一半的語言中出現了新的語音 。這項研究推翻了普遍的觀點---所有的人類語音在大約30萬年前人類進化時就已經存在。
【答案】D
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據題干關鍵詞Damian Blasi, 定位到文章第二段最后一句Nw a team f researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.（現在，由瑞士蘇黎世大學的達米安·布拉西領導的一個研究小組已經發(fā)現了這種趨勢是如何以及為什么會出現的），根據文章第一段中的“Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and "v", were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds.（30多年前，學者Charles Hckett注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如“f”和“v”，在吃軟食物的社會的語言中更常見。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重點是在語言的演變上。故選D項。
33.【答案】C
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據題干關鍵詞“ancient human adults”定位到第三段。根據“They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard t prduce labidentals，which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure , making it easier t prduce such sunds.（他們發(fā)現，古人類的上門牙和下門牙是對齊的，因此很難產生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來，我們的下顎變成了覆蓋咬合結構，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音）”可知，因為古代成年人的下顎結構使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。選項中的“Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured”是原文的“the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned”以及“Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure”的同義轉換。故選C項。
34.【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意題。根據第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the s Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.（對語言數據庫的分析也證實，在新石器時代之后，世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，在過去幾千年里，“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然沒有發(fā)現）”可知，第五段主要是通過列明數據分析結果來進一步證明研究結果。故選A項。
【答案】C
【解析】 推理判斷題。根據題干關鍵詞“Steven Mran”定位到文章最后一段。根據““The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.（研究小組成員Steven Mran說:“自從人類出現以來，我們使用的語音不一定保持穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)現的各種語音都是生物變化和文化進化等復雜相互作用的產物?！保笨芍?，Steven Mran認為語音是一個復雜的動態(tài)系統。選項中的“cmplex and dynamic system”是原文中的“rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things”的同義轉換。故選C項。
閱讀高頻詞
certain adj. 某些
nte v. 指出，特別提到
sciety n.社會(共同遵守一定的習俗、法律等的特定群體)
trend n. 趨勢
（高考鏈接 2019北京卷 閱讀理解）Phytplanktn are vulnerable t the cean’s warming trend.
【譯文】浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢的影響。
arise v. 發(fā)生，產生
cnfirm v. (尤指提供證據來)證實
set n. 一套一組 prduct n. 產物
structure v. 組織，安排
drive v. 推動
（高考鏈接 2021新高考I卷 聽力）By the way, d yu als need me t drive yu hme tmrrw afternn?
【譯文】順便問一下，明天下午你還需要我開車送你回家嗎？
dynamic adj. 動態(tài)的，發(fā)展變化的
lead t 導致
speech sund 語音
the lwer lip 下嘴唇
be cnnected with 與……有關
at this pint 在這個時期
the ppular view普遍的觀點;
remain stable 保持穩(wěn)定
glbal adj[學術詞]全球的
（高考鏈接 2021全國甲卷 閱讀理解）In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear.
【譯文】在這個全球通訊不斷的有線世界里，我們隨時隨地都能看到天才的出現。
remarkably adv. 驚人地
verturn v. 推翻(ver-+turn);
appearance n. 出現
bilgical ad.j生物的
evlutin n[學術詞]進化
distributin n. 分布
data base n.數據庫，資料庫:
hunter-gatherer n. 狩獵采集者
長難句
A grundbreaking, five year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
【解析】第一個that引導賓語從句，賓語從句的謂語為led t，在賓語從句中有一個that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞speech sunds。句意為:一項為期五年的突破性研究表明，由于飲食改變，人類咬合發(fā)生了變化，從而產生了一些新的語音。這些語音目前存在于世界上一半的語言中。
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f and “y”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds.
【解析】句意為:30多年前，學者查爾斯·霍克特指出，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如“f”和“v”，在吃較軟食物的社會的語言中更為常見。第一個that引導賓語從句，賓語從句的主語為speech sunds，謂語為were其中called labidentals 為過去分詞短語作speech sunds的后置定語，such as“f”and“v”為插入語，對labidentals進行補充說明。第二個that引導定語從句，修飾先行詞scieties 。
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth.
【解析】句意為:他們發(fā)現古人類成年人的上下門牙是對齊的，很難發(fā)出唇齒音，因為發(fā)出唇齒音時，上牙需要碰觸到下嘴唇。本句主語為they，謂語為 discvered，that引導賓語從句，making…… 為動詞-ing短語作狀語，which引導非限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞labidentals。
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f“f”and“v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years.
【解析】句意為:對語言數據庫的分析也證實，新石器時代之后，世界語言的語音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，語音“f”和“v”的使用在過去幾千年中顯著增加。本句主語為analyses，謂語動詞為cnfirmed，that引導賓語從句，with復合結構作狀語其中increasing的邏輯主語為theusef“f”and“y”。
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag.
【解析】句意為:這項研究推翻了一種普遍的觀點，即人類在大約30萬年前進化時，所有的語音都已存在。that 引導同位語從句，對 the ppular view進行解釋說明，when 引導時間狀語從句。
The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin.
【解析】句意為:自從人類出現后，我們使用的這些語音并不是一成不變的。相反，我們今天發(fā)現的多種多樣的語音正是多種事物如生物變化與文化演變相互交織、相互作用的產物。本句是一個并列句，為nt….but rather... 的并列結構，前半句的主干為The set f speech sunds .. has nt necessarily remained stable，后半句的主干為the huge variety f speech sunds ... is the prduct f .….
拔高突破練 （應用文，記敘文，說明文組合 限時練）
Passage 1 應用文
Graphic Nvel (漫畫小說) Making Cntest 2022
June 1-July 31, 2022
All cmics fans, artists, and strytellers: Yu are invited t enter San Jse Public Library’s Graphic Nvel Making Cntest fr all ages.
Submissin Guidelines
● Create yur wn graphic nvel with a maximum length f 8 pages.
● Each submissin must be the creative and riginal wrk f the submitting authr / illustratr.
● Cmputer generated images are acceptable as lng as they are yur riginal wrk.
● Entries are encuraged t be submitted digitally by emailing t graphicnvels@sjlibrary.rg (as a PNG, JPEG, r PDF attachment). Digital entries can be submitted n later than 11:59 pm n July 31, 2022.
● Entries can als be submitted t any perating San Jsé Public Library lcatin n later than the end f the business day n July 31, 2022.
Age Grups and Prizes
● Children (0-9) & Pre-Teens (10-12): Gift and art supply baskets awarded fr first, secnd, and third place winners f each grup. Art supply puches (小袋子) fr tw hnrable mentin winners f each grup.
● Teens (13-17): First place $100; secnd place $75; third place $50. Art supply puches fr tw hnrable mentin winners.
● Adults (18+): First place $100; secnd place $75; third place $50. An art supply puch fr ne hnrable mentin winner.
All cash prizes will be awarded as gift cards.
Awards Ceremny
Save the date fr ur virtual Awards Ceremny n August 28, 2022 at 2:00-4:00pm. At this awards ceremny, cntest winners will be annunced and guest speakers will ffer inspiratinal messages t cntest participants. Register t receive a videcnferencing invitatin.
1．Which f the fllwing will result in disqualificatin?
A．Submitting cmputer generated images.B．Emailing yur entry n July 30, 2022.
C．Sending a graphic nvel f 10 pages.D．Mailing yur entry t San Jse Public Library.
2．What will a 16-year-ld first prize winner get?
A．$75 in cash.B．A $100 gift card.
C．An art supply puch.D．A gift and art supply basket.
3．What d we knw abut the Awards Ceremny?
A．It will be held nline.B．It will take place n July 31, 2022.
C．Winners will give speeches at it.D．Winners will get its invitatin in advance.
【篇章導讀】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了關于《2022年漫畫小說制作比賽》的相關事宜。
【答案】 C
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章的第一個小標題Submissin Guidelines中的第一點“Create yur wn graphic nvel with a maximum length f 8 pages.( 創(chuàng)作自己的漫畫小說，長度不超過8頁。)”可知，參賽作品的最大長度限制是8頁，所以一部長度為10頁的漫畫小說將會被取消資格。故選C項。
【答案】 B
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由文章的第二個小標題Age Grups and Prizes中的第二點“Teens (13-17): First place $100; secnd place $75; third place $50. Art supply puches fr tw hnrable mentin winners.( 青少年（13-17歲）：第一名100美元；第二名75美元；第三名50美元。兩位榮譽獲獎者將獲得藝術用品袋。)”以及最后一句話“All cash prizes will be awarded as gift cards.( 所有現金獎勵將以禮品卡形式發(fā)放。)”可知，一位16歲的第一名獲獎者將會得到一張價值100美元的禮品卡。故選B項。
【答案】A
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一個小標題Awards Ceremny中的“Save the date fr ur virtual Awards Ceremny n August 28, 2022 at 2:00-4:00pm.(請為我們于2022年8月28日下午2:00-4:00舉行的虛擬頒獎典禮預留時間。)”和“Register t receive a videcnferencing invitatin.(請注冊以接收視頻會議邀請 )”可知，此次漫畫小說競賽的頒獎禮將在線上舉行。故選A項。
Passage 2 應用文
Brilliant Spring Breaks
The bees are buzzing and flwers are blming. Take a lk at these destinatins and grab a relaxing getaway while making the mst f the UK cuntryside.
Trefeddian Htel
At the Trefeddian Htel yu can expect a warm welcme whether yu are bking a family hliday, r rmantic escape. Our beautifully lcated castal htel in Mid-Wales has smething fr everyne t enjy: all-arund sea views, miles f glden sandy beaches and a heated indr pl.
St Mritz Htel & Garden Villas
Escape t ur Miami inspired luxury htel r castal villas n the nrth Crnish cast. With ur Shrecrest restaurant serving seasnal dishes with ingredients surced frm Crnwall’s markets; Cwshed spa; indr and utdr pls; a bunch f lcal attractins and surrunded by the sea, St Mritz Htel is the place fr relaxatin and adventure.
Greenwd Grange
Welcme t a cllectin f 17 luxury, stne built, self-catering hliday cttages in Drset. There’s s much t ffer, whether it’s relaxing in yur wn private cttage (sme have ht baths), swimming in the indr pl, r playing the vlleyball n the seashre, we’ve gt it all—yu can even pick yur wn fruit r vegetables frm ur kitchen garden. Cntact us fr mre infrmatin.
Skye Shepherd Huts
Lking fr a hliday ffering peace and quiet? Chse Skye Shepherd Huts, with amazing wildlife, dnkeys and hens fr cmpany. Set in a lvely traditinal village by the sea, ideal fr walkers, bating nearby and eagle-sptting. Pet friendly. Cmfrtable with beautiful views, but electricity and ht water are nt ready fr use.
4．Which destinatin best suits peple wh enjy cking?
A．Trefeddian Htel.B．Skye Shepherd Huts.
C．Greenwd Grange.D．St Mritz Htel & Garden Villas.
5．What is the disadvantage f Skye Shepherd Huts?
A．There is always bad smell.B．It nly admits pet wners.
C．Vehicles are banned except bats.D．Ht shwers are nt accessible.
6．What d the fur destinatins have in cmmn?
A．Ocean views.B．Glden beaches.
C．Seasnal dishes.D．Adventurus activities.
【篇章導讀】這是一篇應用文。本文詳細介紹了四個旅游放松的地方。
4.【答案】C
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據 “Greenwd Grange(綠林莊園)”標題下的“…yu can even pick yur wn fruit r vegetables frm ur kitchen garden (你甚至可以從我們的廚房花園里自己采摘水果或蔬菜)”可知，在綠林莊園，游客可以在廚房花園里自己采摘水果或蔬菜，是一個適合烹飪的目的地。因此，最適合喜歡烹飪的人的目的地是C項“Greenwd Grange.(綠林莊園)”符合題意，故選C項。
5．【答案】 D
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據 “Skye Shepherd Huts(斯凱牧羊人小屋)”標題下“Cmfrtable with beautiful views, but electricity and ht water are nt ready fr use. (美麗的景色讓人感到舒適，但電和熱水還沒有準備好)”可知，斯凱牧羊人小屋雖然景色宜人，但是電和熱水和還沒有備好，無法使用熱水沐浴。因此，斯凱牧羊人小屋小屋的缺點是D項“Ht shwers are nt accessible. (無法使用熱水淋浴)”符合題意，故選D項。
6.【答案】A
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據“Trefeddian Htel(特里菲迪亞酒店)”標題下的“…all-arund sea views, miles f glden sandy beaches and a heated indr pl. (……全方位的海景、數英里的金色沙灘和一個溫暖的室內游泳池)”和“St Mritz Htel & Garden Villas(圣莫里茨花園別墅酒店)”標題下的“…a bunch f lcal attractins and surrunded by the sea… (……周圍環(huán)繞著大?！?” 和“Greenwd Grange (綠林山莊)”標題下的“…r playing the vlleyball n the seashre… (……還是在海邊打排球……)” 和 “Skye Shepherd Huts (斯凱牧羊人小屋)”標題下的“…Set in a lvely traditinal village by the sea… (……位于海邊一個可愛的傳統村莊……)”可知，這四個地方，共同的特點是都在海邊，可以看到美麗的海邊景色。因此，這四個目的地共同點是A項“Ocean views.(海景)”符合題意，故選A項。
Passage 3 記敘文
One year befre, at age 18, Leszyeski had aged ut f fster care(寄養(yǎng)中心), having been in the system since she was fur when her single mther was n lnger able t care fr her. Leszyeski was nw enrlled in cllege hping t becme a dctr. And the nly furniture she had in her apartment was an air mattress with a hle in it.
Then she learned abut an rganizatin Chairity. The rganizatin prvides furniture and husehld gds fr yung adults wh have left fster care. Leszyeski reached ut t Charity, a nnprfit frmed by 23-year-ld Maria Paparella.
Paparella first became aware f fster care in elementary schl when her parents were cnsidering adpting a child. The plan didn't wrk ut, but Paparella ften fund herself thinking abut that child. “I'm really clse with my family, and I just culdn't imagine being cmpletely n my wn at 18,” she says.
At 16, Paparella visited Summit Cunty Children Services, with a list f questins, trying t understand what aging ut lked like. One f her questins was “What's nt being met fr these yung peple?” Near the tp f the list was furniture. “That struck hme,” says Paparella. The idea f “mving int an apartment withut a bed t sleep n r a sfa t sit n” pulled at her heartstrings.
Paparella cntacted her parents' friends, asking if they had spare furniture t dnate. A lcal furniture stre ffered free ware-huse space and its delivery truck. Watching the recipients' faces when they received a bed, a cuch—whatever—was amazing. Paparella remembers delivering a gld lamp t a wman and watching her plish it lvingly, getting rid f dirt and fingerprints.
Tday, Chairity has given furniture t nearly 200 yung adults in hmes acrss six Ohi cunties. Paparella is cnvinced these cntributins give the recipients hpe and cnfidence. Leszyeski agrees.“It makes me feel like I'm nt different frm ther peple. My whle life, I've felt abnrmal,”she says,“Nw, I feel nrmal.”
7．Which can best describe Leszyeski's life after leaving fster care?
A．Tugh but hpeful.B．Pr and aimless.
C．Wealthy but bring.D．Independent and carefree.
8．Why did Paparella fund Chairity?
A．T get sme financial benefits frm it.B．T help thse aging ut f fster care.
C．T aid the needy cuple adpt a child.D．T ask peple t dnate sme cuches.
9．When was Paparella mst tuched at the age f 16?
A．Living withut parents.B．Mving int a new huse.
C．Getting free truck delivery.D．Visiting a fster care center.
10．What des Leszyeski think f Chairity?
A．It changes yung adults' whle life.B．It brings cnfidence t the recipients.
C．It has helped lts f hmeless peple.D．It makes peple different frm thers.
【篇章導讀】本文為一篇記敘文。講述的是女孩 Leszyeski收到來自由一名23歲女孩Maria Paparella創(chuàng)建的慈善組織Chairity幫助的故事。通過該非營利性機構通過幫助一些生活在寄養(yǎng)中心的孩子們，讓他們找到了人生的希望和自信。
7．【答案】A
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段最后一句“And the nly furniture she had in her apartment was an air mattress with a hle in it.”(她公寓里唯一的家具就是一個有洞的充氣床墊。)可知，家里唯一的家具也是破損的，可知生活過的尤其艱難。同時根據后文的“Then she learned abut an rganizatin Charity. The rganizatin prvides furniture and husehld gds fr yung adults wh have left fster care. ”(然后她了解到一個組織Charity。該組織為離開寄養(yǎng)家庭的年輕人提供家具和家庭用品。)可知，盡管她生活困苦，但是得知有一個慈善組織能為他們這樣的年輕人提供家具和家庭用品，所以是充滿希望的。故選A。
8．【答案】B
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“The rganizatin prvides furniture and husehld gds fr yung adults wh have left fster care. ”(該組織為離開寄養(yǎng)家庭的年輕人提供家具和家庭用品。)可知，該組織是是幫助那些離開寄養(yǎng)家庭的成年人。故選B。
9．【答案】D
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段中“At 16, Paparella visited Summit Cunty Children Services, with a list f questins, trying t understand what aging ut lked like”(16歲時，帕帕雷拉帶著一系列問題來到頂峰縣兒童服務中心，試圖了解衰老是什么樣子的)，以及“pulled at her heartstrings.”(牽動著她的心弦)可知，16歲時最讓她感動的是：參觀寄養(yǎng)中心。故選D。
10．【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Paparella is cnvinced these cntributins give the recipients hpe and cnfidence. Leszyeski agrees.”(帕帕雷拉相信，這些捐贈給了接受者希望和信心。Leszyeski表示同意。)以及“It makes me feel like I'm nt different frm ther peple. My whle life, I've felt abnrmal, Nw, I feel nrmal.”(這讓我覺得我和其他人沒有什么不同。我之前覺得不正常的生活，現在已經感覺正常了。)可知， Leszyeski 認為這個組織給她帶來了信心和希望。故選B。
Passage 4 記敘文
Mitchel Wu creates interesting stries using ty phtgraphy, a relatively new art frm. He’s taken phts fr an impressive list f clients, including Disney, Marvel, Ht Wheels, and Hasbr. There’s n limit t creativity, and Mitchel prves it thrugh his unique wrk, prviding a ne-f-a-kind experience fr clients wrldwide.
While ty phtgraphy dates back t the 1800s, it didn’t gain ppularity until the 1970s. Arund this time, a man by the name f David Levinthal became the father f miniature（微型畫）phtgraphy.
Over time, it evlved int a glbal phenmenn mstly invlving actin figures and pp culture imagery. It’s a diverse art frm cntaining many themes and stry ideas. Many artists draw inspiratin frm ppular surces such as Disney mvies, Star Wars, and Pkemn characters. With ty phtgraphy, the viewers, cmpletely immersed in the stry, feel like they’re actually there, in a different land.
“Fr me, ty phtgraphy is really all abut strytelling,” Mitchel says. “Strytelling is what makes an image impactful, s my gal is t have my image just stp yu in yur tracks and make yu think ‘Ww, what’s ging n here?’”
Mitchel was a wedding phtgrapher in the beginning. In 2015, he realized that he needed t find smething else. Right arund the same time, his nephew wh phtgraphed tys as a hbby said, “Uncle Mitch, why dn’t yu bring yur camera and sht sme tys?”
Once he tried it ut, he gt hked immediately. His nephew lent him a cuple f Strmtrper actin figures, and frm the very first click f the shutter（快門）, he fund it was smething incredible.
What began as a hbby quickly became a new-fund career fr Mitchel. It’s yet anther stry that mtivates us t pursue ur dreams because yu never knw where they’ll take yu.
It seems the nly limits are the nes yu create fr yurself. Mitchel tries t keep breaking thse limits and learn new techniques in his exciting career path. His stry shws that yu can create yur path in life by fllwing yur heart and using yur imaginatin.
11．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the first three paragraphs?
A．David Levinthal funded ty phtgraphy.
B．Ty phtgraphy is by all means a new art frm.
C．Mitchel helps prmte ty phtgraphy arund the wrld.
D．Ty phtgraphy was widely recgnized mre than 200 years ag.
12．What des the underlined wrd “immersed” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Invlved.B．Applied.C．Lcated.D．Stuck.
13．What des ty phtgraphy mean t Mitchel?
A．It brings him a great frtune.
B．It nly serves t limit his creativity.
C．It is a way f telling his wn stries.
D．It enables him t fllw his new passin.
14．What message des Mitchel’s stry cnvey?
A．Great hpes make great men.
B．Nthing is impssible t a willing heart.
C．The lngest jurney begins with the first step.
D．Behind ne minute n stage is ten years f practice.
【篇章導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Mitchel Wu把愛好變成職業(yè)，通過使用玩具攝影，為全球客戶提供了獨一無二的體驗。
11．【答案】C
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段第一句話“Mitchel Wu creates interesting stries using ty phtgraphy, a relatively new art frm.（Mitchel Wu使用一種相對較新的藝術形式，即玩具攝影，創(chuàng)作有趣的故事。）”以及最后一句話“There’s n limit t creativity, and Mitchel prves it thrugh his unique wrk, prviding a ne-f-a-kind experience fr clients wrldwide.（創(chuàng)造力沒有限制，Mitchel通過他獨特的工作證明了這一點，為全球客戶提供獨一無二的體驗。）”可知，主人公Mitchel通過使用玩具攝影為全球客戶提供了體驗。C項“Mitchel幫助在世界各地推廣玩具攝影”符合題意。故選C項。
12．【答案】A
【解析】詞義猜測題。根據文章第三段最后一句話“feel like they’re actually there, in a different land.（感覺他們真的在那里，在另一個地方。）”可知，通過玩具攝影使得觀眾參與到攝影中，以達到身臨其境的感受。可推知此處指這個玩具展，可以使觀眾們完全有身臨其境的感覺，因而畫線詞“immersed”意為“沉浸、使陷入”。A. Invlved參與，關系密切；B. Applied應用的；C. Lcated位于；D. Stuck困住。be invlved in為固定短語，意為“參與，牽涉進”，與畫線詞同義，表示參與到攝影的體驗中。故選A項。
13．【答案】D
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章倒數第二段第一句話“What began as a hbby quickly became a new-fund career fr Mitchel.（最初作為一種愛好的東西很快成為Mitchel新發(fā)現的職業(yè)。）”可知，Mitchel把自己的愛好變成職業(yè)，能夠繼續(xù)追隨。D項“它使他能夠追隨他的新激情。”故選D項。
14．【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段最后一句話“His stry shws that yu can create yur path in life by fllwing yur heart and using yur imaginatin.（他的故事表明，你可以通過跟隨你的內心和發(fā)揮你的想象力來創(chuàng)造你的人生道路。）”可知，Mitchel內心堅定最終實現了自己的夢想。B項“對于一顆心甘情愿的心來說，沒有什么是不可能的?！奔词郎蠠o難事，只怕有心人，符合題意。故選B項。
Passage 5 說明文
Our planet is hme t many radiactive substances-nt just in is gelgic innards but als in its hspitals, at its industrial sites and in its fd prcessing plants. In Clrad, fr instance, 27 buildings huse scary-sunding chemical elements such as cesium 137 and cbalt 60. These materials are nt there fr risky purpses, thugh. They play a part in cancer treatment, bld irradiatin, medical and fd sterilizatin, structure and equipment testing, gelgic explratin, etc.
The radiactive material is nt always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tl. The rays given ff by cesium and cbalt can kill germs multiplying in yur meat and make yur apples last lnger. Radigraphic instruments can detect, say, cracks in a city’s pipes in a similar way t an x-ray picking up a hairline fracture in yur knee. A practice called “well lgging” uses sealed radiactive surces t map the gelgy f hles il seekers drill int the earth. And f curse, radiatin is key t cancer treatment.
The risk arises because the same radiactive material that is beneficial culd als be stlen r misplaced and find its way int trafficking rings r dirty bmbs. It might als barn wrkers if smething accidentally ges wrng during a nrmal nine-t-five day. In 2017 alne, accrding t a reprt frm the James Martin Center fr Nnprliferatin Studies, there were 171 “incidents f nuclear r ther radiactive materials utside f regulatry cntrl” based n pen surce reprts, 104 f which happened in the U.S.
An initiative called RadSecure 100 was launched t remve and better secure energetic material in 100 U.S. cities. “Where is the mst high-risk material lcated arund the mst peple?” says Emily Adams, deputy directr f a dmestic prgram in the Office f Radilgical Security. “And that’s hw we gt ur 100.”
15．What message des the authr seem t cnvey in paragraph 1?
A．Radiactive substances can warm ur planet.
B．Fd prcessing des harm t wrkers in plants.
C．The radiactive material is basically everywhere.
D．It’s hard t remve scary-sunding elements in buildings.
16．Why des the authr mentin “well lgging” in paragraph 2?
A．T make a summary.B．T raise a questin.
C．T prvide a cntrast.D．T supprt an idea.
17．What is RadSecure 100 intended fr?
A．Making use f energetic substances.B．Ensuring safety f the radiactive material.
C．Warning peple f the mst high-risk materialD．Prtecting the Office f Radilgical Security.
18．What is the writer’s attitude twards the radiactive material?
A．Pessimistic.B．Objective.C．Disapprval.D．Carefree.
【篇章導讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了我們的星球有許多放射性物質，這些物質可以發(fā)揮好的作用，但是也存在一定的隱患。
15．【答案】C
【解析】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Our planet is hme t many radiactive substances-nt just in is gelgic innards but als in is hspitals, at its industrial sites and in its fd prcessing plants. In Clrad, fr instance, 27 buildings huse scary-sunding chemical elements such as cesium 137 and cbalt 60. These materials are nt there fr risky purpses, thugh. They play a part in cancer treatment, bld irradiatin, medical and fd sterilizatin, structure and equipment testing, gelgic explratin, etc.(我們的星球是許多放射性物質的家園——不僅存在于地質內部，而且存在于醫(yī)院、工業(yè)場所和食品加工廠。例如，在科羅拉多州，27棟建筑里存放著聽起來可怕的化學元素，比如銫137和鈷60。不過，這些材料并不是用于危險目的。它們在癌癥治療、血液輻照、醫(yī)療和食品滅菌、結構和設備測試、地質勘探等方面發(fā)揮作用)”可推知，作者在第一段中似乎想傳達的信息是放射性物質基本上到處都是。故選C。
16．【答案】D
【解析】推理判斷題。根據第二段中“The radiactive material is nt always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tl. The rays given ff by cesium and cbalt can kill germs multiplying in yur meat and make yur apples last lnger. Radigraphic instruments can detect, say, cracks in a city’s pipes in a similar way t an x-ray picking up a hairline fracture in yur knee. A practice called “well lgging” uses sealed radiactive surces t map the gelgy f hles il seekers drill int the earth.(放射性物質并不總是以黑白分明的方式有害：它可以是一種有用的工具。銫和鈷釋放出的射線可以殺死肉中繁殖的細菌，讓蘋果的壽命更長。比如說，放射設備可以探測到城市管道的裂縫，就像X光檢查出膝蓋的細微骨折一樣。一種被稱為“測井”的方法使用密封的放射源來繪制石油勘探者在地球上鉆的洞的地質圖)”可推知，作者在第二段提到“well-lgging”是為了支持放射性物質可以是一種有用的工具這樣一個觀點，故選D。
17．【答案】B
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“An initiative called RadSecure 100 was launched t remve and better secure energetic material in 100 U.S. cities.(一項名為RadSecure 100的倡議發(fā)起了，目的是在100個美國城市移除并更好地保護含能材料)”可知，RadSecure 100的用途是確保放射性物質的安全。故選B。
18．【答案】B
【解析】推理判斷題。根據第二段中“The radiactive material is nt always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tl. (放射性物質并不總是以黑白分明的方式有害：它可以是一種有用的工具)”以及倒數第二段中“The risk arises because the same radiactive material that is beneficial culd als be stlen r misplaced and find its way int trafficking rings r dirty bmbs. (風險之所以會增加，是因為同樣有益的放射性物質也可能被偷或放錯地方，進入販運團伙或臟彈)”可知，作者說明了放射性物質的好處和壞處，即可推知，作者對放射性物質的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B。
Passage 6 說明文
Fr thusands f years, mankind has bred plants and animals t create mre desired and useful plants and animals. Fr instance, mdern crn has been bred t such a large size that it is n lnger able t reprduce withut man’s assistance. Mdern dairy cws prduce t much milk; and if they are nt ften drained f milk, they culd leak, burst, becme infected, and pssibly die. Furthermre, mst dmesticated dgs can nt survive in the wild even with special training. Since natural evlutin is extremely slw and mankind’s selective breeding prgrams nly take a few generatins t prduce a cmpletely new species, natural evlutin has already taken a backseat t mankind’s breeding prgrams.
Additinally, mankind has successfully killed ff several species all tgether. Fr instance, there are n mre Eurpean wlves in existence and mammths prbably became extinct because f mankind. Even certain diseases have been permanently eradicated (根除) frm the planet, and dzens f ther diseases will sn fllw. Again, natural evlutin did nt cause mst extinctin during humanity’s reign.
Currently, scientists are creating new species with desired characteristics in the lab significantly faster than evlutin creates new species. In a single generatin, new species can be artificially created and destryed, while natural evlutin culd take thusands f years t d the same but nly haphazardly (偶然地). Scientists are even able t replace flawed (有缺陷的) r damaged genes with different genes in an attempt t cure genetic defects. This is smething that natural evlutin culd pssibly never crrect.
Eventually scientists will be able t enhance even peple. Fr example, imagine nt nly crrecting yur eyesight with gene therapy, but als ensuring that all f yur descendants d nt inherit yur ld genes f pr eyesight t. Scientists will ne day be able t enhance the memry and intelligence f yur children, s that they will d better in schl and achieve mre in life. Dctrs and scientists will be able t custmize babies befre they are brn just like picking ptins at a car dealership.
In the near future, natural evlutin in the genetic cde f any species can be quickly fixed if desired. As a result, natural evlutin is dmed.
19．Frm Paragraph 1 we learn that ______ .
A．selective breeding has imprved all species
B．nly selective breeding can make up fr natural lsses
C．mdern crn can’t able t reprduce itself due t selective breeding
D．natural evlutin can’t d withut man’s assistance
20．The underlined wrd “backseat ” in Paragraph 1 prbably means “ ______ ” .
A．pwerful assistanceB．imprtant part
C．bad frtuneD．secndary psitin
21．What d we knw frm the passage?
A．Selective breeding is partly beneficial t humans.
B．Genetic defects wn’t be inherited due t natural evlutin.
C．Natural evlutin can’t create new species.
D．Selective breeding can determine the sex f babies.
22．The authr mainly wants t tell us that ______ .
A．selective breeding will cause the extinctin f many species
B．natural evlutin is almst dead with the develpment f selective breeding
C．selective breeding has arused attentin frm all ver the wrld
D．natural evlutin survives strngly althugh it is in danger
【篇章導讀】這是一篇說明文，文章講述了人為進化的好處，如奶牛可以專門產奶，玉米的產量比以前也高很多，但是離開人類的照料那些動植物都不會很好的生存。在不久的將來，任何物種的遺傳密碼中的自然進化都可以在需要的情況下迅速得到修復。因此，自然進化是注定的。
19．【答案】C
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段中“Fr instance, mdern crn has been bred t such a large size that it is n lnger able t reprduce withut man’s assistance.(例如，現代玉米已經被培育到如此大的尺寸，以至于沒有人類的幫助它無法自己繁殖)”可知，由于選擇性育種，現代玉米無法自己繁殖。故選C項。
20．【答案】D
【解析】詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞前“Since natural evlutin is extremely slw and mankind’s selective breeding prgrams nly take a few generatins t prduce a cmpletely new species(由于自然進化極其緩慢，而人類的選擇性繁殖程序只需要幾代人就能產生一個全新的物種)”可知，人類的選擇性繁殖速度比自然進化快得多，由此可推知，“natural evlutin has already taken a backseat t mankind’s breeding prgrams”意為：自然進化已經讓位于人類的繁殖計劃，backseat意為“次要位置”。故選D項。
21．【答案】A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Fr thusands f years, mankind has bred plants and animals t create mre desired and useful plants and animals.(幾千年來，人類一直在培育植物和動物，以創(chuàng)造出更理想、更有用的植物和動物)”及第二段中“Additinally, mankind has successfully killed ff several species all tgether.(此外，人類還成功地消滅了幾個物種)”和“and dzens f ther diseases will sn fllw(其他幾十種疾病也將接踵而至)”可知，選擇性繁殖可以為人類帶來財富，但也會導致物種滅絕，產生新的疾病，所以選擇性繁殖只在一定程度上對人類有益。故選A項。
22．【答案】D
【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章內容，結合最后一段“In the near future, natural evlutin in the genetic cde f any species can be quickly fixed if desired. As a result, natural evlutin is dmed.(在不久的將來，任何物種的遺傳密碼中的自然進化都可以在需要的情況下迅速得到修復。因此，自然進化是注定的)”可知，文章講述了人為進化相比自然進化的好處及隨之而來的問題，最后作者指出，自然進化可以在需要的情況下迅速得到修復，因而自然進化是注定的，所以文章想告訴我們，自然進化雖然處于危險之中，但仍會頑強地幸存下來，故選D項。
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